2023届河南省许平汝名校高三下学期核心模拟卷（四）英语试题含解析

这是一份2023届河南省许平汝名校高三下学期核心模拟卷（四）英语试题含解析，共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，邀请信等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届河南省许平汝名校高三下学期核心模拟卷（四）英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
“If you are lucky enough to have lived in Paris as a young man,” Ernest Hemingway once wrote, “then wherever you go for the rest of your life, it stays with you, for Paris is a moveable feast.” Here are some places Hemingway frequented in Paris.
Harry’s New York Bar
One of the bars Hemingway frequented was Harry’s New York Bar. Sitting on Paris’ Right Bank near the Paris Opera, the bar opened in 1911 and served as a meeting place for foreigners in the city. The bar was originally in New York. Its owner, Tod Sloan, had it shipped across the Atlantic to Paris. The “Harry’s” in the name came from a waiter who bought it from Sloan in 1923. Harry’s is the birthplace of a number of famous drinks, from Paris 75 to Sidecar.
Address: 5 rue Daunou, 75002
Les Deux Magot
It was once the meeting place for famous writers in Paris, including Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre. Hemingway also frequented the café, and even used it as a setting for his novel The Sun Also Rises.
Address: 6 Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 75006
La Closerie des Lilas
Hemingway wrote most of The Sun Also Rises here. La Closerie des Lilas was also the first place where Hemingway read F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby.
Address: 171 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015
Jardin du Luxembourg
When his family ran out of money, Hemingway would sometimes hunt pigeons (鸽子) in Jardin du Luxembourg. Having broken their necks, he would hide them in his son’s clothes. You don’t have to hunt pigeons to explore and experience the natural beauty of the second largest park in Paris, however.
Address: 6 Arrondissement, 75006
1．What can we know about Harry’s New York Bar?
A．It is in New York City. B．It is on Paris’ Left Bank.
C．It was opened in 1923. D．It is the birthplace of Sidecar.2．Which place is used as a background for The Sun Also Rises?
A．5 rue Daunou, 75002. B．6 Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 75006.
C．6 Arrondissement, 75006. D．171 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015.3．Why did Hemingway hunt pigeons in Jardin du Luxembourg?
A．He could not afford to buy meat. B．He gave them to his son as pets.
C．He really enjoyed illegal hunting. D．He particularly loved pigeon meat.

Roger Federer never let them see him sweat. He played tennis with a style that rarely showed the effort behind the masterful attacking. He did not cry on losses or celebrate wins wildly.
His seemingly effortless style helped him to win, and win a lot: 20 Grand Slam championships-a half-dozen more than any man before him, and 103 tournament titles, plus a Davis Cup award and Olympic medals for Switzerland, and stayed week after week at No. 1 in the rankings.
“Every time people write me off, or try to write me off, I’m able to comeback,” Federer once said. On Thursday, about a month past his 41st birthday, he announced that there would be no more comebacks this time.
“Some depart, others come and the world keeps going,” one of Federer’s competitors, Rafael Nadal, said. “It’s a natural cycle.”
Yes, the world will keep going. But tennis will not be the same. Once a table-throwing kid—off the court, where he would overturn aches stable when losing to his father—who grew up admiring basketball stars such as Michael Jordan and soccer players more than tennis players, Federer became a symbol of his sport: grace, humility, beloved by everyone.
“There will be people who will win more medals. There will always be a new No. 1. But no one has had such a big impact and will continue to have such a big impact,” Rafael Nadal admitted. “We’ll miss him.”
When it came to success, Federer cared about competition more than anything else. He was proud of facing—and defeating—stars from an earlier generation (Sampras and And re Agassi), from his own generation (Andy Roddick, Lleyton Hewitt and Mar at Safin), and from the next generation (Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Andy Murray and Stan Wawrinka).
“I was lucky enough to play so many great matches that I will never forget,” Federer wrote in his goodbye post addressed to his competitors. “We battled with passion. We pushed each other, and together we took tennis to new levels.”
4．Which of the following can best describe Roger Federer’s style?
A．Elegant. B．Skillful. C．Effortless. D．Wild.5．What does paragraph 2 focus on?
A．Tennis fans’ love for Roger Federer. B．Roger Federer’s personality.
C．The length of Roger Federer’s career. D．Roger Federer’s achievements.6．What can be inferred from Rafael Nadal’s words?
A．He doesn’t think Roger Federer is a great player.
B．He is relieved to hear Roger Federer’s retirement.
C．He is not surprised to learn Roger Federer’s decision.
D．He is unconcerned about Roger Federer’s announcement.7．What is Roger Federer’s attitude toward his competitors?
A．Unfriendly. B．Appreciative. C．Distrustful. D．Merciful.

Ewan Birney and Nick Goldman decided to have a drink in a pub after a tiring discussion on how to manage the thousands and thousands of genetic (基因的) information from humans, plants and animals that was stored in the European Bioinformatics Institute, where they were working. The data storage was getting too expensive.
Luckily, the solution was right in front of them and they had been working with it every day.
“It occurred to us that DNA is a really good way of storing information,” Goldman recalled during an interview. “It is nature’s hard drive, a permanent record of genetic information written in just four letters: A, C, G and T. Obviously, it has huge advantages over the computer’s most basic language which exists as a series of zeroes and ones.”
For a start, it takes up far less space. For example, 1kg DNA can contain as much data as 3 billion CDs do and all of the world’s data would fit in the back of a car. DNA can last for thousands of years as long as it is kept in cold, dry and dark conditions. And using DNA would finally save us from constantly replacing the storage media such as CDs, tapes, and rewriting our information, all at great expense.
“So over the second beer, we started to think about the critical step: how to translate the digital codes (代码) into genetic ones,” he said.
They started with a digital file of Shakespeare’s poems. With a simple software, they translated the zeroes and ones into As, Cs, Gs and Ts. Then they sent the file off to Agilent Technologies, a biotech company.
When the DNA was mailed back to them, their first reaction was that the company hadn’t done it properly, because they received a tiny bottle that seemed empty. But the DNA was there and all the files were 100 percent accurate.
“At present, DNA would only become an economic option to store information that has to be kept for thousands of years. If the price falls by 100 times, you may afford to store your wedding videos in DNA,” Goldman said, laughing.
8．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Data. B．DNA． C．The institute. D．The discussion.9．What is the key step to store Shakespeare’s poems in the DNA?
A．Rewriting the letters in it. B．Designing the very complex software.
C．Discovering its structure. D．Changing the digital codes into genetic codes.10．How did the scientists feel on receiving the bottle from Agilent Technologies?
A．Relieved. B．Excited. C．Worried. D．Scared.11．What is the problem with the DNA storage?
A．The cost. B．The security. C．The capacity. D．The reliability.

“From wearing silly clothes to holding funny ceremonies, such seemingly bizarre rituals (仪式) can be seen everywhere, and most of them do not seem to serve any obvious purpose,” Dimitris Xygalatas writes at the beginning of his new book Rituals: How Seemingly Senseless Acts Make Life Worth Living.
Then why are humans still in love with such rituals?
Some of them are intended to unify the participants. The goose steps practised by the soldiers all around the world area great example. When we all perform the same actions in a predictable way, as rituals often require, it can create a sense of togetherness and cooperation, which maybe a matter of life and death in the face of danger.
Many rituals originated when humans started living in ever bigger groups, which exposed them to all kinds of violence, disasters and diseases. To prevent such risks from occurring, humans created various rituals. In regions where violence was common and the threat of disaster and disease was high, societies tended to emphasize strict ritualized behaviors, such as body-washing and sexual purity. Of course, not all of them were effective because they didn’t always understand what was causing the risks they were trying to control.
Most of the rituals just provide psychological comfort. Earlier this month, people around the world participated in one of humankind’s largest gathering to celebrate the New Year. The rituals included fireworks, gifts as well as some practices unique to specific cultures, such as cooking black-eyed peas and greens in the southeastern United States, or eating a grape with each midnight clock strike in Spain. In the face of uncertainty, such rituals give the participants some kind of control, which helps boost confidence and reduce anxiety.
However, the variety of rituals can also separate people, particularly when the valued practices of one culture strike another as strange and can not be clearly explained. “So here’s the surprising lesson we have to learn from such seemingly senseless rituals: Do in Rome as the Romans do since working isn’t the real point,” concludes Dimitris Xygalatas.
12．What does the underlined word “bizarre” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Difficult. B．Strange. C．Wonderful. D．Effective.13．Which ritual just provides psychological comfort?
A．Stressing pure sexual relationship. B．Practising goose steps in the army.
C．Eating grapes on New Year’s Eve. D．Washing hands before religious rituals.14．What is Dimitris Xygalatas’ advice concerning the rituals?
A．Respecting them. B．Just following the effective ones.
C．Reducing the variety. D．Introducing better replacements.15．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To argue against Dimitris Xygalatas. B．To review a recently published book.
C．To show the side effects of some rituals. D．To explain the origins and impacts of rituals.


二、七选五
The act of making and being a friend is as simple as it is difficult. Here area few tips to help you make new friends as well as to take better care of the friendships you already have.
16 . It’s a little bit awkward to reach out to somebody you don’t know well—whether that’s sending the first text message or starting small talk in the elevator. But you have to accept it. Otherwise you can’t make any new friends.
Remember that people will like you more than you think they will. 17 . Gillian Sandstrom, a senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Essex in the UK, has done research on something called the “liking gap”, which says that the little voice in your head telling you that somebody doesn’t like you very much is wrong. 18 . Instead, remember that when you talk to someone else, you’re actually brightening their day.
Invest in activities that you love. Ask anyone about how to make friends and they will most likely tell you to try a new hobby. It might sound empty, but it works. 19 . Then people will be drawn to you because you’ll be in the right place.
Be present. The planet is warming, and there’s so much good television out there to watch. We get it. But if you want to keep your friendships, you have to show up for them. 20 .
A．So don’t listen to it
B．Accept the awkwardness
C．Do the things you’re enthusiastic about
D．You don’t have to be interested in just one thing
E．You have to listen and notice things about your friend
F．We have a few tips for being present and engaged with your friends
G．Actually, this advice is based on a well-known theory and some field research


三、完形填空
It was at a lively coming-back-to-school celebration in Rockwall, Texas. Cheerleader Tyra Winters was 21 waving at the crowds from one of the floats (花车) as it slowly 22 its way down the street. All of a sudden, a 23 came from the crowds. Looking down, Winters saw a two-year-old boy on the sidewalk struggling for air, while his 24 mother was begging for help.
“I 25 a little bright red face,” Winters later told KTVT. “There was no coughing. There was no 26 .”
The boy had been licking a piece of candy when it slid down his throat and 27 his windpipe. No one seemed to know how to 28 , except for Winters, a senior with dreams of 29 a doctor. She had learned the 30 related to first aid.
Knowing that 31 was running out, she jumped off the float and ran to the 32 . By the time she got to him, his face had turned purple. She took the boy from his mother, held him face down on her knee and gave him three hard pushes on the 33 .
Soon, the boy coughed up the piece of candy, and began breathing again. Without another 34 , Winters handed him back to his mother and ran back to her float. It all happened so 35 that the mother never had time to thank the teenager.
“She didn’t 36 to,” says Winters. “I knew what she was 37 . I saw her tears. I saw her face.”
“I don’t really have any words. I just stood there 38 ,” says the boy’s mother. “The words that you would say to anyone who does something for you are ‘ 39 ’. But they don’t seem 40 enough.”
21．A．sleepily B．angrily C．impatiently D．enthusiastically
22．A．built B．made C．chose D．lost
23．A．fire B．ball C．scream D．flower
24．A．frightened B．excited C．annoyed D．satisfied
25．A．missed B．drew C．saw D．imagined
26．A．laughing B．breathing C．dancing D．praising
27．A．blocked B．blew C．washed D．dried
28．A．operate B．read C．play D．help
29．A．becoming B．calling C．finding D．meeting
30．A．consequences B．courses C．benefits D．difficulties
31．A．money B．water C．time D．blood
32．A．hospital B．doctor C．school D．child
33．A．face B．back C．stomach D．chest
34．A．word B．wave C．argument D．apology
35．A．early B．rudely C．fast D．professionally
36．A．want B．try C．hope D．need
37．A．feeling B．saying C．waiting D．cooking
38．A．heartbroken B．speechless C．awake D．stressed
39．A．excuse me B．one more C．my pleasure D．thank you
40．A．cold B．happy C．good D．formal


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The course of human history has been shaped by many 41 (force), from kings and wars to science and technology. Frequently, however, the world has been changed—or, better yet, improved—by a single simple idea. Over the past 150 years alone, the invention of toilets was credited 42 saving more than a billion lives, while countless other innovations have saved tens of millions more.
In most cases, these breakthroughs have been the results of single-minded efforts 43 (solve) specific problems. But many of 44 most important life-saving inventions have been made by accident. The safety glass most commonly 45 (use) in car windows, for example, was invented when French scientist Edouard Benedictus 46 (careless) dropped a glass bottle containing a liquid plastic 47 not only stopped the glass from breaking but enabled it to keep its 48 (origin) shape. Penicillin, meanwhile, was discovered when Scottish researcher Alexander Fleming accidentally 49 (pollute) a dish of bacteria he was working on. And X-rays were the byproduct of a German physics 50 (professor) experiments with cathode ray (阴极射线) tubes.


五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When I started learning Chinese, I was telling that it would take me 10 years to become fluent. However, I’m still working at it 27 years late.
Due to our work on television, some Chinese language learners may think my Chinese is very good. But every day I’m reminded of why I don’t know and how much more there is to learn about.
Gaining fluency in Chinese is marathon and a lot of things may effect how long it will take, from the classes you take, to find a good teacher. And different people have different ideas on fluency. I consider fluency as the ability to read or understand newspapers, magazines and to engage in daily conversations. Who care how long it takes? Just do it and you’ll love it!

六、邀请信
52．假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Mike来信表示对中国文化很感兴趣。正巧这学期你校要开设“话说中国节(Festivals in China)”的线上课程，请你回信向他推荐此课程。内容包括：
1．课程介绍；
2．报名事宜。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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参考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了海明威寓居巴黎时经常光顾的地方。
1．细节理解题。根据Harry’s New York Bar部分“Harry’s is the birthplace of a number of famous drinks, from Paris 75 to Sidecar. (哈利是许多著名饮料的发源地，从巴黎75到Sidecar。)”可知，哈利是Sidecar的发源地。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Les Deux Magot部分“Hemingway also frequented the café, and even used it as a setting for his novel The Sun Also Rises. (海明威也经常光顾这家咖啡馆，甚至把它作为他的小说《太阳照常升起》的背景。)”可知，这个酒吧在海明威的小说《太阳照样升起》中出现过。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据Jardin du Luxembourg部分“When his family ran out of money, Hemingway would sometimes hunt pigeons (鸽子) in Jardin du Luxembourg. (当家里没钱的时候，海明威有时会在卢森堡花园里猎鸽子。)”可知，海明威是因为生活窘迫才偷猎鸽子改善生活的。故选A。
4．A 5．D 6．C 7．B

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述在罗杰·费德勒（Roger Federer）即将退役之际，作者对这位网球传奇人物的球风、人格魅力及影响力毫不吝啬地赞美了一番。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Roger Federer never let them see him sweat. He played tennis with a style that rarely showed the effort behind the masterful attacking. He did not cry on losses or celebrate wins wildly. (罗杰·费德勒从不让他们看到他挥汗如雨。他打网球的风格很少显示出他在进攻上的娴熟。他没有为失败而哭泣，也没有疯狂地庆祝胜利。)”可知，罗杰·费德勒打球不出汗、攻击不显狠、丢球不哭喊及赢球不发狂，他的球风只能用优雅来形容。故选A。
5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“His seemingly effortless style helped him to win, and win a lot: 20 Grand Slam championships-a half-dozen more than any man before him, and 103 tournament titles, plus a Davis Cup award and Olympic medals for Switzerland, and stayed week after week at No. 1 in the rankings.(他看似毫不费力的风格帮助他赢得了胜利，并赢得了很多：20次大满贯冠军，比他之前的任何人都多6次，103次锦标赛冠军，加上戴维斯杯奖和瑞士奥运会奖牌，并连续几周位居排名第一。)”可知，这一段主要介绍罗杰·费德勒的成就。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段““Some depart, others come and the world keeps going,” one of Federer’s competitors, Rafael Nadal, said. “It’s a natural cycle.”(费德勒的竞争对手之一拉斐尔·纳达尔说：“有些人离开，有些人来，世界继续前进。这是一个自然循环。”)”可知，拉斐尔·纳达尔对已经41岁的罗杰·费德勒的退役决定一点都不感到惊讶。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段““I was lucky enough to play so many great matches that I will never forget,” Federer wrote in his goodbye post addressed to his competitors. “We battled with passion. We pushed each other, and together we took tennis to new levels.”(费德勒在致竞争对手的告别信中写道：“我很幸运，打了这么多精彩的比赛，我永远不会忘记。”。“我们充满激情地战斗。我们相互推动，我们一起将网球提升到了新的水平。”)”可知，罗杰·费德勒对竞争对手是抱有欣赏的态度的。故选B。
8．B 9．D 10．C 11．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了利用DNA存储数据的发现过程及其优缺点。
8．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Luckily, the solution was right in front of them and they had been working with it every day. (幸运的是，解决方案就在他们面前，他们每天都在使用它。)”可知，it代指的是他们每天都在接触和使用的东西。结合第一段中“Ewan Birney and Nick Goldman decided to have a drink in a pub after a tiring discussion on how to manage the thousands and thousands of genetic (基因的) information from humans, plants and animals(尤恩·伯尼和尼克·戈德曼在欧洲生物信息学研究所工作，他们就如何管理储存在那里的成千上万的人类、植物和动物的遗传信息进行了一番无聊的讨论，之后决定去酒吧喝一杯。)”和第三段中“It occurred to us that DNA is a really good way of storing information(我们突然想到DNA是一种很好的存储信息的方式)”可知，他们在欧洲生物信息学研究所工作，DNA是他们每天使用的东西，所以it指代的就是DNA。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第五段“So over the second beer, we started to think about the critical step: how to translate the digital codes (代码) into genetic ones, (因此，在第二杯啤酒中，我们开始思考关键的一步：如何将数字代码转换为基因代码，)”可知，关键的一步是将数字代码转换为基因代码。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第七段“When the DNA was mailed back to them, their first reaction was that the company hadn’t done it properly (当DNA被邮寄回他们时，他们的第一反应是公司没有做好这件事)”可知，这两位科学家一开始非常担心转码公司弄错了。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“At present, DNA would only become an economic option to store information that has to be kept for thousands of years. If the price falls by 100 times, you may afford to store your wedding videos in DNA (目前，DNA只会成为存储必须保存数千年的信息的一种经济选择。如果价格下跌100倍，你可能有能力将婚礼视频存储在DNA中)”可知，目前利用DNA存储数据的成本还非常高，不适合存储普通数据。故选A。
12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要剖析了各种仪式背后的社会、宗教及心理基础与影响。
12．词句猜测题。根据画线词前“From wearing silly clothes to holding funny ceremonies(从穿傻乎乎的衣服到举行滑稽的仪式)”可推断，划线词所在句子表示“从穿傻乎乎的衣服到举行有趣的仪式，这种看似奇怪的仪式随处可见”，划线词bizarre的意思是“奇怪的”，和Strange意思相近，故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Most of the rituals just provide psychological comfort.  Earlier this month, people around the world participated in one of humankind’s largest gathering to celebrate the New Year.  The rituals included fireworks, gifts as well as some practices unique to specific cultures, such as cooking black-eyed peas and greens in the southeastern United States, or eating a grape with each midnight clock strike in Spain.(大多数仪式只是提供心理安慰。本月早些时候，世界各地的人们参加了人类最大的庆祝新年的聚会之一。这些仪式包括烟花、礼物以及一些特定文化特有的习俗，比如在美国东南部煮黑眼豌豆和绿色蔬菜，或者在西班牙每次午夜钟声敲响时吃一颗葡萄。)”可知在新年前夜吃葡萄只是提供心理安慰，故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘Do in Rome as the Romans do since working isn’t the real point,” concludes Dimitris Xygalatas.(“入乡随俗，因为工作并不是真正的意义，”Dimitris Xygalatas总结道。)”可知， Dimitris Xygalatas建议大家入乡随俗，尊重不同文化中的仪式。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段“Then why are humans still in love with such rituals?(那么为什么人类仍然热爱这样的仪式呢？)”及后面的细节可知，作者意在剖析各种仪式背后的社会、宗教及心理基础与影响，因此本文的目的是解释仪式的起源和影响。故选D。
16．B 17．G 18．A 19．C 20．E

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个结识新朋友、保鲜旧友情的方法。
16．根据下文“It’s a little bit awkward to reach out to somebody you don’t know well—whether that’s sending the first text message or starting small talk in the elevator. But you have to accept it. (联系一个你不太了解的人有点尴尬——无论是发送第一条短信还是在电梯里开始闲聊。但你必须接受它。)”可知，这里建议人们要学会接受尴尬。B选项“坦然接受那份尴尬”和下文意思一致。故选B。
17．上文“Remember that people will like you more than you think they will. (记住，人们会比你想象的更喜欢你。)”和下文“Gillian Sandstrom, a senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Essex in the UK, has done research on something called the “liking gap”, which says that the little voice in your head telling you that somebody doesn’t like you very much is wrong. (英国埃塞克斯大学心理学高级讲师吉莉安·桑德斯特罗姆（Gillian Sandstrom）对一种名为“喜欢差距”的东西进行了研究，即你脑海中的小声音告诉你有人不太喜欢你是错误的。)”可知，作者要我们记住别人很可能对我们的主动交友行为会作出善意的回应，下文提供了理论及实证支持，G选项“事实上，这个建议是有理论与实践研究支持的”正好起到了过渡作用，和上下文意思一致。故选G。
18．根据上文“which says that the little voice in your head telling you that somebody doesn’t like you very much is wrong. (即你脑海中的小声音告诉你有人不太喜欢你是错误的。)”和下文“Instead, remember that when you talk to someone else, you’re actually brightening their day. (相反，请记住，当你和别人交谈时，你实际上是在让他们的一天变得愉快。)”可知，上下文是转折关系。A选项“因此，不要听它的”和上下文意思一致。故选A。
19．根据上文“Invest in activities that you love. Ask anyone about how to make friends and they will most likely tell you to try a new hobby. It might sound empty, but it works. (投资于你喜欢的活动。问任何人如何交朋友，他们很可能会告诉你尝试一种新的爱好。这听起来可能很空洞，但它确实有效。)”可知，这里建议人们做自己喜欢的事情。C选项“做你热衷的事情”和上文意思一致。故选C。
20．根据上文“Be present. The planet is warming, and there’s so much good television out there to watch. We get it. But if you want to keep your friendships, you have to show up for them. (在场。地球正在变暖，有那么多好的电视节目可以看。我们明白了。但是，如果你想保持你的友谊，你必须为他们而出现。)”可知，这一段建议人们要多关注你的朋友。E选项“你得倾听朋友的心声、关注朋友的动态”和上文意思一致。故选E。

21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．A 35．C 36．D 37．A 38．B 39．D 40．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。高中生Tyra Winters刚选修了一些急救课程，没想到在开学游街活动中正好派上了用场，救了一个两岁小男孩的命。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：拉拉队队长泰拉·温特斯在一辆花车上热情地向人群挥手，花车慢慢地沿着街道行驶。A. sleepily困倦地；B. angrily生气地；C. impatiently不耐烦地；D. enthusiastically充满热情地。在热闹的庆典活动上，啦啦队队长应该是充满激情地（enthusiastically）向人群招手致意。故选D项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉拉队队长泰拉·温特斯在一辆花车上热情地向人群挥手，花车慢慢地沿着街道行驶。A. built建造；B. made制造；使；C. chose选择；D. lost失去。由下文“its way down the street.”可知，花车慢慢地沿着街道行驶，固定短语make one’s way意为“前进，向前”，符合语境。故选B项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，人群中传来一声尖叫。A. fire火；B. ball球；C. scream尖叫；D. flower花。由下文“Looking down, Winters saw a two-year-old boy on the sidewalk struggling for air,”孩子突发疾病，妈妈应该是惊慌地尖叫。故选C项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：向下一看，温特斯看到一个两岁的男孩在人行道上挣扎着呼吸，而他吓坏了的母亲正在乞求帮助。A. frightened惊恐的；B. excited兴奋的；激动的；C. annoyed恼火的，生气的；D. satisfied满意的。由上文“Looking down, Winters saw a two-year-old boy on the sidewalk struggling for air,”可知，两岁的孩子突发疾病，不能呼吸，他的妈妈正常反应应该是惊慌。故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看到一张通红的小脸。A. missed错过；思念；B. drew垃拽；绘画；C. saw看见；D. imagined想象。根据上文“Looking down, Winters saw a two-year-old boy on the sidewalk struggling for air....”可知，温特斯看到了一个小男孩，这里具体地说看到(saw)的小男孩面部的情况。故选C项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有咳嗽。没有呼吸。A. laughing大笑；B. breathing呼吸；C. dancing跳舞；D. praising赞美，夸奖。根据第四空前的“struggling for air”及后面说一块糖果滑下了喉咙，结合14空后“began breathing again”可知，这时小孩是被东西卡住了气管而不能呼吸（breathing）。故选B项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个男孩正在舔一块糖果，突然糖果滑进了他的喉咙，堵住了他的气管。A. blocked堵塞，阻挡；B. blew刮风；C. washed清洗；D. dried烘干，晾干。由上文“The boy had been licking a piece of candy when it slid down his throat”可知，一块糖果滑下喉咙，应该会是堵塞气管。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：似乎没有人知道如何帮助，除了温特斯，一个梦想成为医生的大四学生。A. operate操作；动手术；B. read读；C. play玩耍；打球；播放；D. help帮助。由上文“No one seemed to know how to”可知，现场很多人看到孩子不能呼吸，想要帮助但是不知道怎样帮助，没有专业知识。故选D项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：似乎没有人知道如何帮助，除了温特斯，一个梦想成为医生的大四学生。A. becoming成为；B. calling打电话；C. finding发现，找到；D. meeting遇到，会见。由上文“except for Winters, a senior with dreams of”和下文“a doctor”以及文章提到的温特斯选择学习急救相关课程，知道如何救助这个小男孩。由此可知，他梦想自己有朝一日成为医生，救死扶伤。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她学过与急救有关的课程。A. consequences结果；B. courses课程；C. benefits好处，益处；D. difficulties困难。该空名词作learn的宾语，其后置定语意为“和急救相关的”，可知courses符合语境。故选B项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道时间不多了，她从花车上跳下来，跑向那个孩子。A. money金钱；B. water水；C. time时间；D. blood血液。由下文“was running out, she jumped off the float and ran to the”和语境可知，小男孩气管堵塞，呼吸困难，时间紧迫，再耽误时间，孩子就救不了了。故选C项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道时间不多了，她从花车上跳下来，跑向那个孩子。A. hospital医院；B. doctor医生；C. school学校；D. child孩子。由上文“ran to the”和下文“By the time she got to him, his face had turned purple.”可知，温特斯跳下花车，应该是跑向孩子，她有急救知识，要去救孩子。故选D项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把男孩从母亲手里抱过来，把他脸朝下放在自己的膝盖上，在他的背上狠狠地推了三下。A. face脸；B. back背；C. stomach胃，肚子；D. chest胸部。根据空前“She… held him face down on her knee…”可知，小孩脸朝下，她是用力拍小孩的后背（back）。故选B项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：温特斯二话没说，把他交还给母亲，然后跑回她的花车旁。A. word单词；话语；B. wave波浪；C. argument争论，辩论；D. apology歉意；道歉。根据空后“It all happened so _________ that the mother never had time to thank the teenager.”可知，对孩子急救完成后，孩子恢复正常，Tyra Winters没有说话，掉头就追花车去了，继续去做她的拉拉队长工作。故选A项。
35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这一切发生得太快了，母亲甚至没有时间感谢这个少年。A. early早地；B. rudely粗鲁地；C. fast快地；D. professionally专业地。由下文“the mother never had time to thank the teenager.”提到母亲没来得及道谢，可知，温特斯施救又离去，整个过程应该是发生的很快。故选C项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不需要这么做。A. want想要；B. try努力；尝试；C. hope希望；D. need需要。根据上下语境可知，这里指温特斯认为孩子母亲没有必要向她道谢。故选D项。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道她的感受。我看到了她的眼泪。我看到了她的脸。A. feeling感觉；B. saying说；C. waiting等待；D. cooking做饭，烹饪。由下文“I saw her tears. I saw her face”可知，她能从母亲脸上的泪珠与表情判断出她的感受（feeling）。故选A项。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只是站在那里说不出话来。A. heartbroken心碎的，伤心的；B. speechless说不出话来，语言不能表达的；C. awake清醒的；D. stressed压力大的。根据前面“I don’t really have any words.”那位母亲又惊又喜，站在那里一句话都说不出来，心情很激动。故选B项。
39．考查交际用语辨析。句意：你会对任何为你做过事情的人说‘谢谢’。A. excuse me请原谅；B. one more再来一个；C. my pleasure不用谢；D. thank you谢谢你。对为自己做了事情的人要说的应该是表示感谢的话。故选D项。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他们似乎还不够好。A. cold冷的；B. happy快乐的；幸福的；C. good好的；D. formal正式的。由But可知，上下文是转折关系，那位母亲认为，救命之恩，一句“谢谢（thank you）”也不能很好（good）地表达出她的感激之情。故选C项。



41．forces 42．with 43．to solve 44．the 45．used 46．carelessly 47．that/which 48．original 49．polluted 50．professor’s

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。与常识相反的是，许多时候一个简简单单的主意或技术改进就可以改变历史的进程；许多划时代的创造发明也都是无心之作。
【详解】1. 考查名词复数。句意：从国王、战争到科学技术，许多力量塑造了人类历史的进程。根据空前的修饰many可知，此处用所给名词的复数形式forces作宾语。故填forces。

2. 考查介词。句意：仅在过去的150年里，厕所的发明就挽救了超过10亿人的生命，而无数其他的创新也挽救了数千万人的生命。be credited with“归功于”，为固定短语。故填with。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在大多数情况下，这些突破是一心一意解决具体问题的结果。分析该句成分可知，efforts后通常用不定式作后置定语修饰。故填to solve。
4. 考查冠词。句意：但许多最重要的拯救生命的发明都是偶然发明的。“the+形容词最高级”，最高级前加定冠词，故填the。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，最常用于汽车窗户的安全玻璃是在法国科学家爱德华·本尼迪克特斯（Edouard Benedictus）不小心把一个装有液体塑料的玻璃瓶掉在地上时发明的，这个玻璃瓶不仅能防止玻璃破碎，还能保持原来的形状。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处作后置定语，修饰glass。而且use与glass之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词used。故填used。
6. 考查副词。句意：例如，最常用于汽车窗户的安全玻璃是在法国科学家爱德华·本尼迪克特斯（Edouard Benedictus）不小心把一个装有液体塑料的玻璃瓶掉在地上时发明的，这个玻璃瓶不仅能防止玻璃破碎，还能保持原来的形状。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处修饰动词dropped，作状语，故用所给形容词的副词形式carelessly。故填carelessly。
7. 考查定语从句。句意：例如，最常用于汽车窗户的安全玻璃是在法国科学家爱德华·本尼迪克特斯（Edouard Benedictus）不小心把一个装有液体塑料的玻璃瓶掉在地上时发明的，这个玻璃瓶不仅能防止玻璃破碎，还能保持原来的形状。分析该句结构可知，该句是一个限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为plastic，指物，故用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
8. 考查形容词。句意：例如，最常用于汽车窗户的安全玻璃是在法国科学家爱德华·本尼迪克特斯（Edouard Benedictus）不小心把一个装有液体塑料的玻璃瓶掉在地上时发明的，这个玻璃瓶不仅能防止玻璃破碎，还能保持原来的形状。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处作shape的定语，故用所给名词的形容词形式original。故填original。
9. 考查词时态。句意：与此同时，苏格兰研究人员发现青霉素是因为亚历山大·弗莱明不小心污染了他正在研究的一盘细菌。根据主句的谓语动词时态及常识可知，该句叙述的是过去发生的事，故用所给动词的过去式。故填polluted。
10. 考查名词所有格。句意：X射线是一位德国物理学教授用阴极射线管进行实验的副产品。根据句意可知，experiments与professor之间存在所属关系，故此处用所给名词的所有格形式。故填professor’s。
51．1. telling→told  2. late→later  3. our→my  4. why→what  5. 删除about  6. 在marathon前加a  7. effect→affect  8. find→finding  9. or→and  10. care→cares
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者学中文已经27年，却依旧在为之努力，掌握流利的中文是一场马拉松，对于作者来说，流利的中文意味着能阅读或理解报纸、杂志和参与日常对话。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：当我开始学习中文时，有人告诉我要花10年的时间才能说得流利。动词tell与逻辑主语I之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态。故将telling改为told。
2.考查副词。句意：然而，27年过去了，我仍在为之努力。“27年后”表达为27 years later，此处应用副词later，意为“其后”，作状语。故将late改为later。
3.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：由于我在电视上的工作，一些汉语学习者可能会认为我的汉语很好。根据后半句中my Chinese is very good可推知，前半句中，是作者在电视台工作，应用物主代词my。故将our改为my。
4.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：但每天我都在提醒自己还有很多东西我不知道，还有很多东西需要学习。of后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，应用what引导从句。故将why改为what。
5.考查介词。句意：但每天我都在提醒自己还有很多东西我不知道，还有很多东西需要学习。learn为及物动词，不用接介词，故删除about。
6.考查冠词。句意：掌握流利的中文是一场马拉松，很多事情可能会影响到你需要多长时间，从你上的课，到找到一个好老师。marathon为可数名词，前应用不定冠词，为泛指，为辅音音素开头，应用a。故在marathon前加a。
7.考查动词。句意：掌握流利的中文是一场马拉松，很多事情可能会影响到你需要多长时间，从你上的课，到找到一个好老师。may后接动词原形，应用affect，意为“影响”，故将effect改为affect。
8.考查动名词。句意：掌握流利的中文是一场马拉松，很多事情可能会影响到你需要多长时间，从你上的课，到找到一个好老师。此处为from…to…，to后接动名词，作宾语。故将find改为finding。
9.考查连词。句意：不同的人对流利度有不同的看法。我认为流利是阅读和理解报纸、杂志以及参与日常对话的能力。read与understand 为并列关系，后接共同的宾语newspapers, magazines，应用and作连词。故将or改为and。
10.考查时态。句意：谁在乎要花多长时间？句子主语为who，此处为一般现在时，谓语动词应用动词的第三人称单数形式，故将care改为cares。
52．Dear Mike,
Knowing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I’m writing to recommend an online course, Festivals in China. Scheduled to take place every Saturday afternoon this term, the course covers various topics of traditional Chinese festivals, ranging from their origins to distinct features. I’m sure that you will find the course more than entertaining. To attend it, you have to register at our school’s website. The teachers will get in touch with you in 24 hours.
Wish you good luck!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给外国朋友Mike写信，推荐这学期学校要开设的“话说中国节(Festivals in China)”的线上课程。
【详解】1.词汇积累
了解到：know→learn
对…感兴趣：be interested in→have an interest in
推荐：recommend→introduce
安排：schedule→arrange
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Scheduled to take place every Saturday afternoon this term, the course covers various topics of traditional Chinese festivals, ranging from their origins to distinct features.
拓展句：Scheduled to take place every Saturday afternoon this term, the course covers various topics of traditional Chinese festivals, which ranges from their origins to distinct features.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I’m writing to recommend an online course, Festivals in China.（由that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】I’m sure that you will find the course more than entertaining.（由that引导的宾语从句）