2022-2023学年北京市石景山区高三统一练习英语试卷含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年北京市石景山区高三统一练习英语试卷含解析，共25页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 石景山区2023年高三统一练习
英语
本试卷共 10 页，共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I am never good at public speaking. Every time I was involved in a group project, I would always volunteer to be any role but the presenter. So, when my partner Emily offered to be the ____1____ of our project, I was overjoyed.
Unfortunately on the presentation day, Emily fell ill badly. She had to stay home to rest. I was worried that she may ____2____ the presentation, so I called her. As I spoke to her on the phone, it became apparent that I had to step up and present our project. I was filled with ____3____. By the time I hung up the phone, I could hardly breathe.
I had no ____4____ but to make an alternative plan. I tried to ____5____ my nervousness and focus on the task at hand. Pulling out a piece of paper, I wrote whatever I could remember on it with great urgency.
With that piece of paper, I stood outside the classroom door, waiting for my turn. I tried to be calm, but as time passed by, ____6____ went through me and the waiting area seemed too small for me to ____7____. When my name was called, I broke out into a cold sweat.
In front of the judges, my hands failed in their attempts to remain ____8____. All the while, my voice and hands were shaking. I tried to take shallow breaths and I felt I would fall apart anytime. Somehow, I ____9____ to go through the entire presentation and deliver my speech as planned. ____10____ my fear was not as hard as it seemed, and my alternative plan proved to be a success.
1. A. recorder B. speaker C. designer D. organizer
2. A. change B. give C. analyze D. miss
3. A. relief B. excitement C. anxiety D. shame
4. A. resource B. worry C. chance D. choice
5. A. push aside B. let out C. hide behind D. hold onto
6. A. sadness B. fear C. anger D. guilt
7. A. rest B. cry C. breathe D. sigh
8. A. steady B. flexible C. gentle D. strong
9. A. pretended B. expected C. refused D. managed
10. A. Understanding B. Overcoming C. Admitting D. Expressing
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者克服恐惧完成演讲的经历。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，当我的搭档Emily提出要做我们项目的发言人时，我欣喜若狂。A. recorder记录员；B. speaker发言人；C. designer设计者；D. organizer组织者。根据上文“I would always volunteer to be any role but the presenter(除了发言人，我总是自愿担任任何角色)”及空后“I was overjoyed”可知，作者不愿意担任发言人，所以此处指当Emily提出要做发言人时，作者欣喜若狂，故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我担心她会错过演讲，所以我给她打了电话。A. change改变；B. give给；C. analyze分析；D. miss错过。根据“She had to stay home to rest.(她必须在家休息)”可知，Emily生病在家休息，作者担心她会错过演讲，所以给她打电话，故选D。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我充满了焦虑。A. relief宽慰；B. excitement激动，兴奋；C. anxiety焦虑；D. shame羞耻。根据“By the time I hung up the phone, I could hardly breathe.(当我挂断电话时，我几乎无法呼吸)”及语境可知，作者要做发言人，所以很焦虑，故选C。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我别无选择，只好另作打算。A. resource资源；B. worry担忧；C. chance机会；D. choice选择。根据语境可知，Emily生病无法担任发言人，所以作者别无选择，只能自己去克服恐惧担任发言人，故选D。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我努力不去想我有多紧张，把注意力集中在手头的工作上。A. push aside不去想，不考虑；B. let out释放；C. hide behind 躲在……后面；D. hold onto坚持不懈。根据“focus on the task at hand”可知，作者努力不去想自己有多紧张，而是把集中注意力在工作上，故选A。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我努力让自己冷静下来，但随着时间的流逝，恐惧笼罩着我，等候区似乎太小了，我无法呼吸。A. sadness悲伤；B. fear害怕，恐惧；C. anger生气；D. guilt内疚。根据语境及文章最后一句“ ____10____ my fear was not as hard as it seemed”可知，作者很害怕，故选B。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. rest休息；B. cry哭泣；C. breathe呼吸；D. sigh叹气。根据空前“the waiting area seemed too small”可知，由于作者极度紧张，所以等待室对作者来说太小了，喘不过气，故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在裁判面前，我的手没能保持稳定。A. steady稳定的；B. flexible灵活的；C. gentle温柔的；D. strong强壮的。根据下一句“All the while, my voice and hands were shaking.(我的声音和手一直在颤抖)”可知，作者的手一直抖，无法保持稳定，故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知怎的，我设法完成了整个演示，并按计划发表了我的演讲。A. pretended假装；B. expected期待；C. refused拒绝；D. managed设法做到。根据“deliver my speech as planned”可知，作者如期完成演讲，manage to do sth设法完成某事，故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：克服我的恐惧并不像看起来那么难，我的替代计划被证明是成功的。A. Understanding理解；B. Overcoming克服；C. Admitting承认；D. Expressing表达。根据“and my alternative plan proved to be a success”可知，作者克服了恐惧，成功完成演讲，故选B。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nick was riding his bike along the Arching River when he noticed something ____11____ (usual) in the water. He took a closer look and saw a pair of fin-like things circling above the river’s surface. ____12____ (confuse) by what he had seen, Nick took a video and posted it on the Internet. Days later, some researchers confirmed that he ____13____ (spot) two dolphins— the first cetacean (鲸目动物) sighted in this river since 2017—and this suggested the efforts to restore the health of the river were paying off.
【答案】11. unusual
12. Confused
13. had spotted##spotted
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nick在河中发现鲸目动物，说明环境得到了改善。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Nick沿着拱门河骑着自行车，突然他注意到河里有不寻常东西。something是一个不定代词，后面一般加的是形容词。结合句意，用形容词unusual，表示“不同寻常的”。故填unusual。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Nick对他所看到的感到困惑，他拍了一段视频并发布在网上。be confused by对……困惑，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词形式。故填Confused。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：几天后，一些研究人员证实，他发现了两只海豚，这是自2017年以来在这条河中发现的第一只鲸类动物，这表明恢复河流健康的努力正在取得成效。根据时间状语可知，从句的动作发生在主句过去动作confirmed之前，所以用过去完成时。或者表示陈述过去事实，所以也可用一般过去时。故填had spotted/spotted。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As products of nature, shells have developed a bond with people since the period of cavemen, ____14____ images in the cave paintings show them wearing shells. Today, in Fujian Province, experts are turning the natural gifts into shell-carved artworks by ____15____ (integrate) techniques from jade and wood carving, as well as traditional Chinese painting. In 2021, a shell carving art museum was established, where the craft’s history has been publicized. The experts hope they ____16____ (explore) new techniques in the future to carry this ancient craft forward.
【答案】14. whose
15. integrating
16. will explore
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍将贝壳作为艺术品。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：贝壳作为自然的产物，自穴居人时期就与人类产生了联系，洞穴壁画中的穴居人就穿着贝壳。句中先行词为cavemen，在非限定性定语从句中作名词images的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，在福建省，专家们将玉雕、木雕以及中国传统绘画的技术结合起来，将这些天然礼物变成了贝壳雕刻艺术品。介词by后接动名词形式。故填integrating。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：专家们希望他们能在未来探索新的技术，将这项古老的工艺发扬光大。根据时间状语in the future可知，用一般将来时。故填will explore。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since ChatGPT’s launch in November last year, it has become an immediate hit that is both entertaining and alarming ____17____ (it) users. Given a command or question, the chatbot is able to return convincing essays, simple recipes and even life advice in a matter of ____18____ (second). This impressive achievement ____19____ (obtain) by a large language model. Many are wondering ____20____ could be next for this technology and where the technology could end up.
【答案】17. its
18. seconds
19. is obtained
20. what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一个热门软件ChatGPT。
【17题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：ChatGPT自去年11月推出以来，就立即成为一款热门软件，让用户既感到有趣，又感到担忧。此处应用形容词性物主代词，修饰名词users，故填its。
【18题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：只要收到一个命令或问题，这个聊天机器人就能在几秒钟内回复令人信服的文章、简单的食谱，甚至是生活建议。second秒，是可数名词，in a matter of seconds在几秒钟之内，固定短语。故填seconds。
【19题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这一令人印象深刻的成就是通过一个大型语言模型获得的。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语achievement和动词obtain之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is obtained。
【20题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：许多人都想知道这项技术的下一步会是什么，以及这项技术最终会走向何方。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词wondering的宾语，结合句意可知，此处指“下一步会是什么”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
There’s no place like home—a place to put your feet up, relax and be yourself. But a brand new full-service private rental property named Homestead is redefining(重新定义) modern living, making you feel at home.
Freed from the small stuff
Right from moving in, convenience is built into the process, with fully-furnished, high-quality apartments available for residents and access to all facilities of Homestead and Wi-Fi included in monthly rental cost.
Feel at home
Not only are Homestead’s apartments beautifully designed and furnished to create a sense of relaxation and luxury, but the shared spaces for residents to use and socialise in—from the inviting reception area to the landscaped roof garden and stylish private dining rooms—all reflect a contemporary, high-quality reimagining of what renting ought to be.
Make hybrid work really work
As hybrid work, which focuses on the flexibility of working, is part of our lives now, the opportunity to shift between workspaces with ease is critical. Start the day catching up on emails in a stylishly-designed co-working space steps away from your front door, before taking calls on the outside platform or travel into your employer’s office when you need to.
Be a people person
Living at Homestead means joining a community of like-minded people. Whether you meet neighbours on the roof garden or in the cinema room, or choose to network in the co-working space, making friends couldn’t be more straightforward.
Tap here for helpful services
They say there’s an app for everything—and in this case, there is an app with everything. The Homestead App gives you quick access to a range of bookable services, from ordering takeaway to dog walking to cleaning services—all right on your doorstep, meaning more time to actually enjoy the rest of your day.
Visit Homestead and discover how full-service rental lets you make the most of homelike living.
21. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To inform us of rental services. B. To advertise a rental property.
C. To report on a different lifestyle. D. To sell multi-functional apartments.
22. How does Homestead make hybrid work easier for its residents?
A. By offering shared working spaces.
B. By giving access to bookable services.
C. By supplying a full set of office equipment.
D. By providing training to improve efficiency.
23 What can we know from the passage?
A. Residents can live an old-fashioned life.
B. Homestead saves residents from buying furniture.
C. Residents are required to join a social community.
D. Homestead charges residents extra fee for using Wi-Fi.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要是私人租赁物业Homestead的广告
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“But a brand new full-service private rental property named Homestead is redefining(重新定义) modern living, making you feel at home. (但一个全新的全方位服务的私人租赁物业Homestead正在重新定义现代生活，让你有宾至如归的感觉。)”和最后一段“Visit Homestead and discover how full-service rental lets you make the most of homelike living.(访问Homestead，了解全方位服务租赁如何让您充分利用家般的生活。)可知，文章主要是私人租赁物业Homestead的广告，即文章的目的是为出租物业做广告。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Make hybrid work really work中的“As hybrid work, which focuses on the flexibility of working, is part of our lives now, the opportunity to shift between workspaces with ease is critical. (随着注重工作灵活性的混合工作成为我们生活的一部分，在不同工作空间之间轻松转换的机会至关重要。)”可知，Homestead通过提供共享工作空间让居民的混合工作更容易。故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Feel at home中的“Not only are Homestead’s apartments beautifully designed and furnished to create a sense of relaxation and luxury, but the shared spaces for residents to use and socialise in—from the inviting reception area to the landscaped roof garden and stylish private dining rooms—all reflect a contemporary, high-quality reimagining of what renting ought to be. (Homestead的公寓不仅设计精美，家具齐全，营造出一种放松和奢华的感觉，而且居民使用和社交的共享空间——从诱人的接待区到景观化的屋顶花园和时尚的私人餐厅——都反映了对租房应有的当代高质量的重新想象。)”可知，Homestead使居民不用购买家具。故选B。
B
I recently attended a wedding in a rural area in north Italy, and guests were provided with a car and driver for the 90-minute journey into the hills. That was exciting: A private car! I could pretend I was rich! Since I’m not, though, I had no idea how much this trip actually cost. As a result, after our driver picked us back up at midnight, I secretly worried all the way home about tipping him.
I fished around nervously in my purse and realized that all I had was a $100 note, which I was keeping for an emergency. I had nothing smaller. And I had nothing else to offer but two chocolates from the wedding. So, I could tip the driver that $100 note or two chocolates. In the end, I chose the money.
The whole matter of tipping has long been a source of awkward interactions — and, for some travellers, mild anxiety — throughout the world. Tipping customs vary wildly from country to country. A friend in Rome tells me that Italians get hurt by big tips. “Leaving a big tip is considered impolite,” she adds, “I’ve had Italian friends make me take money back.”
It reminded me of my 100-dollar tip. What if I had annoyed the driver? So I decided to call the car company and ask them to pass on a message to the driver apologizing for the improper tip and explaining the situation.
To my surprise, the car company responded that the driver had actually called to express his gratitude for the unexpected big tip. He had apparently been having a tough week and the money had come at just the right time.
I was astonished. All my worry had been for nothing. What started out as a source of anxiety ended up being a heartwarming experience. I learned that sometimes it’s better to go with your feelings and be generous, even if it means taking a risk.
24. What did the author realize when she dug around in her purse?
A. She had spent 100 dollars on emergency.
B. She had to ask the driver for smaller changes.
C. She had nothing but two chocolates to offer the driver.
D. She had no smaller notes and might tip too high or too low.
25. Why did the author mention the tipping in Italy?
A. To compare different tipping customs.
B. To share a personal story of her friend.
C. To show the possibility of upsetting the driver.
D. To demonstrate her rich knowledge on tipping.
26. What was the driver’s response to the tipping?
A. He was annoyed by the large tip. B. He appreciated the author’s generosity.
C. He was grateful and refused the money. D. He was upset by the awkward interaction.
27. What can we conclude from the passage?
A. Good things are possible when you follow your heart.
B. You’d better think carefully before taking action.
C. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
D. A penny saved is a penny earned.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者主要讲述了自己给巨额小费的经历和感悟。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“I had nothing smaller. And I had nothing else to offer but two chocolates from the wedding. So, I could tip the driver that $100 note or two chocolates. (我没有更小的了。除了婚礼上的两块巧克力，我没有别的礼物。所以，我可以给司机100美元或者两块巧克力)”可知，作者翻钱包时发现没有比100美元更小面额的钱，小费只能给100美元或者两块巧克力，而100美元作为小费太多，两块巧克力作为小费又太少。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。前两段描述了作者在意大利给司机100美元小费的经历，结合第四段前两句“It reminded me of my 100-dollar tip. What if I had annoyed the driver? (这让我想起了我的100美元小费。如果我惹恼了司机怎么办？)”可知，作者提到在意大利给小费的事是为了说明这一举动有可能惹恼了司机。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“To my surprise, the car company responded that the driver had actually called to express his gratitude for the unexpected big tip. (令我惊讶的是，汽车公司回应说，司机实际上是打电话来对意外的巨额小费表示感谢的)”可知，司机感谢作者的慷慨。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What started out as a source of anxiety ended up being a heartwarming experience. I learned that sometimes it’s better to go with your feelings and be generous, even if it means taking a risk. (一开始是焦虑的来源，最后变成了一次温暖人心的经历。我明白了，有时候跟随自己的感觉、慷慨大方是更好的选择，即使这意味着要承担风险)”可推知，当你跟随自己的内心，好事就有可能发生，故选A。
C
Recently, a new discovery has been made in the field of biology that challenges our previous understanding of the origins of life on Earth. For decades, scientists believed that life emerged in a warm, shallow pond, where a series of chemical reactions led to the creation of the first living cells. However, a team of researchers has now uncovered evidence that suggests life may have actually begun in a quite different environment.
The discovery was made in a remote part of the ocean, where a team of scientists was exploring a hydrothermal vent (深海热泉) system located deep beneath the surface. Hydrothermal vents release superheated water and gases from the Earth’s mantle (地幔). They create an extreme environment that is unfavourable to most forms of life, but home to a variety of unique organisms.
As the scientists collected samples of the vent’s mineral-rich liquid, they noticed something strange. They discovered that it contained a complex network of organic molecules (分子), including amino acids (氨基酸) and other building blocks of life. This was surprising, as hydrothermal vents were previously thought to be empty of life-supporting chemicals. However, the most striking discovery was yet to come. Analysis of the organic molecules revealed that they were not simply the product of chemical reactions in the vent, but rather had been produced by living organisms. This served as evidence of a lively ecosystem that was completely independent of sunlight and the surface world.
This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of the origins of life on Earth. The warm pond hypothesis (假说), which has long been the dominant theory, suggests that life emerged in a relatively warm and damp environment. However, the new evidence from the hydrothermal vent system suggests that life may have actually begun in an extreme environment, where survival was only possible through the development of original biochemical pathways. The discovery also raises new questions about the potential for life to exist on other celestial bodies (天体). Hydrothermal vents have been identified on Saturn’s moon Enceladus and Jupiter’s moon Europa. The presence of organic molecules at these sites suggests that unique forms of life may exist.
While this discovery is still in its early stages, it is already beginning to reshape our understanding of the origins of life and the potential for life on other planets. It is a testament to the power of scientific exploration and the incredible complexity of life on Earth. As we continue to explore the depths of the ocean and the vast expanse of space, who knows what other surprises and discoveries lie in store.
28. What did the scientists newly discover in the vent’s liquid?
A. Superheated gases. B. A variety of minerals.
C. Life-supporting chemicals. D. Complex forms of life.
29. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The warm pond hypothesis proves to be right.
B. Organic molecules lead to chemical reactions.
C. Forms of life were identified in the vents on other planets.
D. Original biochemical pathways can occur in severe conditions.
30. What is conveyed in the last paragraph?
A. Researches help us push the boundaries of technology.
B. Scientists have addressed the limitations of the research.
C. New discoveries inspire us to further explore the unknown.
D. Researchers have confirmed the origins and complexity of life.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述生物学领域的一项新发现挑战了我们以前对地球上生命起源的认识，它表明生命实际上可能是在极端环境中开始的。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“They discovered that it contained a complex network of organic molecules (分子), including amino acids (氨基酸) and other building blocks of life.(他们发现它含有一个复杂的有机分子网络，包括氨基酸和其他生命的组成部分)”可知，科学家在热泉的液体中发现了能够维持生命的物质。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, the new evidence from the hydrothermal vent system suggests that life may have actually begun in an extreme environment, where survival was only possible through the development of original biochemical pathways.(然而，来自深海热泉系统的新证据表明，生命实际上可能是在极端环境中开始的，在那里，生存只能通过原始生化途径的发展变得可能)”可知，新的发现表明，原始的生化途径可以在恶劣的条件下发生，故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It is a testament to the power of scientific exploration and the incredible complexity of life on Earth. As we continue to explore the depths of the ocean and the vast expanse of space, who knows what other surprises and discoveries lie in store.(它证明了科学探索的力量和地球上生命的不可思议的复杂性。随着我们继续探索海洋深处和广阔的太空，谁知道还有什么惊喜和发现在等待着我们)”可知，这些新发现激励我们进一步探索未知。故选C。
D
Many of us may experience dinner-table debates. One common scene plays out as follows. You want to convince a friend or a family member of something you know they may disagree, and you share information and walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your case. How do you react when your powers of persuasion fail? You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel like trying to guide someone on a journey when they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion fatigue, to describe this form of frustration (懊恼).
Persuasion fatigue may make it harder to successfully keep challenging conversations. Past research demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your arguments don’t succeed. Persuasion fatigue also explains why, when debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent. As Mark Twain once wrote, “In all matters of opinion, our opponents are insane (愚蠢的).” In past findings, people generally reported three times as many reasons why others’ faults led to failed debates rather than their own shortcomings. It is true that others are not always open to your ideas. Ending the discussion can therefore be the right thing to do. But in an overheated debate, your fatigue may lead you to misinterpret the situation and believe that your opponent is too stupid to see the truth. Fortunately, psychologists suggest some sound approaches to managing these situations and protecting your relationships.
To reach your audience, it may be essential to express your message in terms of their values, not yours. Psychologists call this “moral reframing.” In fact, researches suggest that the simple act of acknowledging values of the people you’re talking to — telling them you understand where they’re coming from, even if you don’t agree—may lead them to lower their defenses and open up a little to new arguments.
Your fatigue may be even worse by thinking or assuming that debate is a zero-sum struggle — that you win if, and only if, your opponent loses. But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to find the truth — less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line. The neighbours map land together by viewing it from multiple angles. Similarly, debates can help you triangulate a view between your opinion and the other person’s.
The tendency to blame others for exhausting debates has real consequences. In our exhaustion, we may fail to see when our frustrations stem from a deep desire for connection. Recognizing persuasion fatigue—and how we contribute to it—may help us pass through heated debates without leaving those we love behind.
31. People may experience persuasion fatigue when they _________.
A. try in vain to convince others B. misinterpret others’ reasoning
C. adopt others’ views unwillingly D. try to persuade narrow-minded people
32. Which is the possible consequence of persuasion fatigue?
A. One can’t stick to his point of view.
B. One admits his limits and weaknesses.
C. One can’t get to the root of failed debates.
D. One feels incompetent for further arguments.
33. Why does the author quote Mark Twain in the passage?
A. To stress the effect of changing others’ mind.
B. To confirm the difficulty of winning an argument.
C. To explain the reason for one’s ending an argument.
D. To support the idea of one’s tendency to blame others.
34. Which is the recommended solution to managing persuasion fatigue?
A. Seeing a debate as a zero-sum game.
B. Making an effort for common ground.
C. Shifting the topic to lower others’ defenses.
D. Reframing points based on one’s own values.
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种现象——说服疲劳，分析了其产生的原因，并介绍了解决的方法。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“You want to convince a friend or a family member of something you know they may disagree, and you share information and walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your case. How do you react when your powers of persuasion fail? You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel like trying to guide someone on a journey when they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion fatigue, to describe this form of frustration(懊恼).(你想说服你的朋友或家人，你知道他们可能不同意，你分享信息，并与他们解释你的理由。尽管如此，他们还是拒绝了你的申请。当你的说服力失效时，你会作何反应？你可能会认为不同意你观点的人心胸狭窄、愚蠢或与现实脱节。整个经历可能就像在别人拒绝跟随的时候试图引导他们旅行。心理学家创造了一个术语，说服疲劳，来描述这种形式的懊恼。)”可知，说服疲劳指的是当你尽力说服对方，却发现一切努力都是徒劳的时候所产生的懊恼感。故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Past research demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your arguments don’t succeed.(过去的研究表明，感到沮丧会让你更不愿意改变主意。它还表明，沮丧可能会降低你认识到为什么你的论点不成功的能力。)”可知，这种沮丧感会让你不愿意改变主意，也会让你无法认清自己的说服不成功的真实的原因。故选C。
33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中所引用的马克·吐温所说的话的前一句“Persuasion fatigue also explains why, when debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent.(说服疲劳也解释了为什么当辩论破裂时，人们倾向于指责他们的对话对手。)”以及马克·吐温所说的话“In all matters of opinion, our opponents are insane(愚蠢的).(在所有的观点问题上，我们的对手都是愚蠢的)”可知，作者引用马克·吐温所说的话是为了论证自己的观点，也就是当辩论不成功时，人们倾向于指责自己的谈话对方。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to find the truth—less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line. (但有时，你最好把争论看作是一种寻找真相的合作努力，而不是像愤怒的邻居为他们的财产线而争吵一样。)”可知，在处理说服疲劳时，我们可以把争论视作寻找共同点。故选B。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Offload Thoughts
In our busy world, we rush from task to task, often leaving us feeling easily angered. We seek out technology or brain-enhancing products to help us optimize(最优化) our productivity, but end up running on a never-ending hamster(仓鼠) wheel. ____35____ It feels like our entire lives are engineered toward one question: How much can I get done in the least amount of time?
Research shows that spending too much time optimizing our thoughts for perfect outcomes not only leaves us feeling exhausted, but can also have harmful effects on our wellbeing and work output. Optimizing thoughts requires being highly focused. But it just goes against the way our minds work. That is to say, efficiency isn’t always productive when we pursue it. ____36____ And to some extent, it can even cause impulsive(鲁莽的) decision-making.
Our brain essentially has two main modes of operating: the “focus network” and the “default mode network.” When one network works, the other physically can’t turn on. The modern world often demands we live in the focus network and the default mode network is often less celebrated. ____37____ So in order to make more effective decisions and feel better in our daily lives, we have to spend less time in our brain’s “focus network.”
Cognitive(认知的) offloading is an accessible practice. It has the potential to not only release emotions, but enhance mental capabilities, too. Even just a few moments of creative flow — like offloading the feelings of anxiety by doodling(涂鸦) before a meeting — can have a strong impact on emotions. ____38____ We might try cognitive offloading as a transition from our action-oriented workday into a more relaxed evening routine.
____39____ And we can see what takes shape. Some unproductive pathways often can help us feel more creative, refreshed, and alive.
A. The functionality is simpler than you might imagine.
B. Give ourselves a few minutes to offload our emotions.
C. Being focused all the time can eventually lead to less self-control.
D. Fortunately there is a way to stop this kind of always-on mentality.
E. It’s no surprise that the majority of us feel more exhausted than ever.
F. But spending more time on the latter offers a form of “insurance” for our emotions.
G. What’s more, this exercise can help give the brain the space to make new connections.
【答案】35. E 36. C 37. F 38. G 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章描述了在当今忙碌的世界，大脑需要高速运转的现象，但一直保持专注不仅让人疲惫，还不利于提高效率，最后文章提出了 “认知卸载”的方法来使自己放松。
【35题详解】
根据上文“We seek out technology or brain-enhancing products to help us optimize(最优化) our productivity, but end up running on a never-ending hamster(仓鼠) wheel.(我们寻求技术或增强大脑的产品来帮助我们优化工作效率，但最终却在无休止的仓鼠转轮上奔跑)”可知，我们想提高工作效率却最终在不停转圈，故我们应是感觉很疲惫，E项“我们大多数人比以往任何时候都感到疲惫，这并不奇怪”符合语境。故选E。
【36题详解】
根据下文“And to some extent, it can even cause impulsive(鲁莽的) decision-making.(在某种程度上，它甚至会导致鲁莽的决策)”可知，even表示递进关系，所以空处也是描述一直保持专注追求效率会导致的后果，C项“一直专注最终会导致自控力下降”符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
上文“The modern world often demands we live in the focus network and the default mode network is often less celebrated.(现代世界经常要求我们生活在焦点网络中，而默认模式网络通常不那么受欢迎)”提到现代世界经常要求我们在大脑的“焦点网络”上花更多时间，结合下文“So in order to make more effective decisions and feel better in our daily lives, we have to spend less time in our brain’s ‘focus network.’(因此，为了做出更有效的决定，在日常生活中感觉更好，我们必须在大脑的‘焦点网络’上花更少的时间)”可知，空处与上文是转折关系，应是讲述在“默认网络”上花更多时间的好处，F项“但花更多时间在后者上，为我们的情绪提供了一种‘保险’”符合语境，故选F。
【38题详解】
上文“Even just a few moments of creative flow — like offloading the feelings of anxiety by doodling(涂鸦) before a meeting — can have a strong impact on emotions.(即使只是几分钟的创意流动——比如在会议前涂鸦来缓解焦虑——也会对情绪产生强烈的影响)”提到认知卸载的好处，结合选项，G项“更重要的是，这项运动可以帮助大脑建立新的联系”进一步描述其好处。故选G。
【39题详解】
空处位于末段，是总结上文，上文提到通过认知卸载来使自己放松，故B项“给自己几分钟时间来释放情绪”符合语境。故选B。
第三部分： 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第1-2题每小题2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Leo has always been the kind of child who looks for close connections. When Leo was in preschool, he befriended Neve, who was only two. When Neve was not around, instead of finding a new partner, Leo began to treat Celia, a voice assistant, as his new friend.
At first, Leo mostly asked Celia factual questions like “How many stars are there in the Milky Way?” He then turned to the personal questions, “Celia, how old are you?” She responded, “Age is nothing but a number.” He insisted, in the way children do, “How old are you?” She replied, “I’m not qualified for a driver’s license, but it may be more to do with the fact that I don’t have a body.”
As time passed by, Leo began to engage Celia on more, let’s say, existential questions. “When will the sun swallow the earth?” he asked. “7.5 billion years,” according to Celia. Leo was satisfied, “Oh, okay. I’ll be dead by then.” Then he asked, “Why does everything on earth have to die?” She replied coldly, “I’m having trouble with the connection.” Celia, I realized, had an avoidant communication style, often hiding behind some kind of technical problems when she didn’t like a question.
As a mother, it was strange to see my child interacting with a virtual assistant rather than a real person. But I also recognized that Celia was providing him with a kind of emotional support that he wasn’t getting elsewhere. In a way, she was like a diary that talked back.
I wondered if this reliance on technology was healthy, but I knew that Leo was far from alone in seeking comfort in his devices. Although I hope that Leo will continue to seek out human connections, I’m grateful to Celia for being there for my son when he needed her. And who knows? Maybe she’ll turn out to be his soulmate after all.
40. What is Celia?
______________________________________________________________________
41. What kind of questions did Leo ask Celia at first?
______________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Leo’s mother encourages him to seek out human connections and disagrees with his interacting with Celia.
______________________________________________________________________
43. What do you think of virtual assistants becoming a source of emotional support for people? (In about 40 words)
______________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. A voice assistant.
41. Factual questions.
42. Leo’s mother encourages him to seek out human connections and disagrees with his interacting with Celia.
According to the passage, Leo’s mother was grateful to Celia for offering emotional support to his son. So, she is in favor of Leo’s interacting with Celia.
43. I think it’s good, because virtual assistants have been developed to help people manage stress, anxiety, and other mental health concerns. While they cannot replace human interaction and professional therapy, they can provide a level of support and guidance for those who may not have access to other resources.
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的儿子和语音助手之间的亲密关系，作者认为自己的儿子对语音助手的依赖可能是源自于一种情感上的支持。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“When Neve was not around, instead of finding a new partner, Leo began to treat Celia, a voice assistant, as his new friend.(当Neve不在身边时，Leo并没有寻找新的伴侣，而是开始把语音助手Celia当作自己的新朋友。)”可知，Celia是一个语音助手。故答案为A voice assistant。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“At first, Leo mostly asked Celia factual questions like “How many stars are there in the Milky Way?”(一开始，Leo主要问Celia一些事实性的问题，比如“银河系里有多少颗星星?”)”可知，最初Leo主要问Celia一些事实性的问题。故答案为Factual questions。
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“As a mother, it was strange to see my child interacting with a virtual assistant rather than a real person. But I also recognized that Celia was providing him with a kind of emotional support that he wasn’t getting elsewhere. In a way, she was like a diary that talked back.(作为一名母亲，看到我的孩子与虚拟助手而不是真人互动，感觉很奇怪。但我也意识到Celia给了他一种情感上的支持，这是他在别处得不到的。在某种程度上，她就像一本会互动的日记。)”可知，作者认为Celia给了自己的儿子情感上的支持，从父母的角度看，这是值得感激的。所以作者支持儿子和Celia之间的互动。也就是原句中的“disagrees with his interacting with Celia.”是错误的。故答案为Leo’s mother encourages him to seek out human connections and disagrees with his interacting with Celia.
According to the passage, Leo’s mother was grateful to Celia for offering emotional support to his son. So, she is in favor of Leo’s interacting with Celia.
【43题详解】
开放题。要求考生评价虚拟助理成为人们情感支持这一现象，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为I think it’s good, because virtual assistants have been developed to help people manage stress, anxiety, and other mental health concerns. While they cannot replace human interaction and professional therapy, they can provide a level of support and guidance for those who may not have access to other resources.。
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim给你写了一封信，提及因为误解，他和同学产生了不愉快。请用英文给Jim回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 安慰Jim；
2. 具体建议。
注意：1．词数 100 左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】范文1
Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to hear that you are having trouble with your classmates. It’s never easy when misunderstandings occur. But don’t worry, I’m here for you.
I have some suggestions that might help. Try having an open and honest conversation with your classmates. Explain how you’re feeling and listen to their points as well. It’s possible that they just didn’t realize they were causing you harm. If that doesn’t work, don’t be afraid to ask teachers for help. They’re expert at dealing with conflicts and can give you advice on how to handle the situation.
I hope this helps. Just remember that conflicts are totally normal, but with a little patience and understanding, you are sure to work through it. Take care.
Yours,
Li Hua
范文2
Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to hear that you’re experiencing some difficulties with your classmates. It can be tough when misunderstandings occur, but please know that you’re not alone. We all go through similar situations in our lives.
As for your situation, here are some suggestions that might help. Firstly, try to have an open and honest conversation with your classmates to understand their perspective and clarify any misunderstandings. Secondly, it’s important to approach the situation with kindness and empathy. Finally, don’t be afraid to seek help from a teacher or counselor if the situation continues.
Remember, you’re a great person and don’t let this situation bring you down. Keep your head up and stay positive!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回复邮件，对于他和同学产生的不愉快表示安慰并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
发生：occur→happen
观点：point→view
向……求助：ask…for help→turn to…for help
完全：totally→completely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：They’re expert at dealing with conflicts and can give you advice on how to handle the situation.
拓展句：They’re expert at dealing with conflicts, who can give you advice on how to handle the situation.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I have some suggestions that might help.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】It’s possible that they just didn’t realize they were causing you harm.（运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句以省略that的宾语从句）
【高分句型3】If that doesn’t work, don’t be afraid to ask teachers for help.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）