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2023年贵州省贵阳市白云区中考英语二模试卷（含答案）
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这是一份2023年贵州省贵阳市白云区中考英语二模试卷（含答案），共18页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023年贵州省贵阳市白云区中考英语二模试卷
1.
A.dreams B.and C.her D.after E.with F.in G.thankful
Many people know Xu Mengtao as a star athlete.She won a gold medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics.In（1） ______ eyes，the winning not only comes from her hard work.More importantly，it is because of the fast growth of China's winter sports. "I'm（2） ______ for the age that I'm living in.It enables young people to achieve their（3） ______ ，" she said.
Xu began to practice freestyle skiing at 12."Passion came to me first.Then I dreamed about making history，" she said.Before Beijing Winter Games，she competed（4） ______ the Winter Olympics three times.But she missed the gold medal.When China was going to hold the 2022 Winter Games，she felt it was a great honor（5） ______ responsibility to win gold at home.She bravely went（6） ______ her dream again. "To be ready for every battle of our lives，we need to make each step forward solid （坚实的），" she said.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
We often say， "When in Rome，do as the Romans do." So when you eat Western food，do as Westerners do.Here are some things that you may need to know about（1） ______ together in the West.
In some Western countries，（2） ______ is usually eaten at about 1 pm.Dinner is served around 7 pm or even later.In Spain it is usual to have lunch at 3 pm and dinner at 10 pm!
At the start of a（3） ______ ，the French say "Bon appétit"，and the Italians say "Buon appetito".But there is nothing similar to say in English. "Enjoy your meal" is usually only said by the person who brings the food.
Forks and（4） ______ are used for most Western food.The fork is held in your left hand and the knife in your right，and the food is held with the fork and cut with the knife.
During the meal，you may be（5） ______ to serve yourself by someone who says， "Help yourself."
You can take it and say， "Thank you." If you are given something you do not like，you can just say，for example， "I'm（6） ______ .I don't eat meat"，or "I don't eat fish".No one will be cross.If you are offered more food but can't eat any more，just say， "No，thanks.It was（7） ______ ，but I've had enough."
Remember that it is（8） ______ to say that you enjoy every dish when it is served，and that you have enjoyed the food at the end of a meal.
It is sometimes difficult to know when the meal is（9） ______ .If you are invited to dinner by Western friends，you will be expected to stay and talk around the dinner table long after the last dish is served，so it is not polite if you（10） ______ as soon as you finish eating.
The rule is：Watch the other people.Do as they do.
2. A. running B. playing C. eating
3. A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper
4. A. meal B. film C. game
5. A. knives B. spoons C. chopsticks
6. A. praised B. allowed C. invited
7. A. full B. sorry C. tired
8. A. crispy B. sweet C. delicious
9. A. polite B. serious C. relaxing
10. A. nice B. over C. ready
11. A. leave B. drink C. smile
C
China's space program has achieved a lot.Even though China's space program started nearly fifty years later than the America's，Chinese scientists have put a lot of efforts into the program and have never given up.Without the hard work of all the great scientists in the program，we would never have succeeded.
12. Shenzhou 1 was sent to space successfully in ______ .
A. 1956 B. 1970 C. 1999
13. The first ______ was put into space in Shenzhou 5 in 2003.
A. female astronaut B. Chinese citizen C. sports player
14. Which of the following is TRUE about Dongfanghong 1？ ______
A. It's a satellite. B. It's a space station.
C. It put people into space.
15. We can most probably read the material from the ______ part of a magazine.
A. animal B. science C. nature
D
I am a plastic bottle.A week ago，I was on a supermarket shelf.I had a normal life，the same as all my brothers and sisters- -other bottles full of water.I felt really happy.
Then a tall woman picked me up and put me in her basket!The woman took me home and put me in the fridge.It was cold，but I soon made friends with the cans and bottles in it.However，only a few hours later，she took me out of the fridge and drank the water inside me.Then she threw me into a dustbin.I have never felt so empty and alone in my life.
Early the next morning，a man took me out of the dustbin.He threw me and the other rubbish into the back of a truck.There were so many horrible smells.Then I was pushed together with the rest of the rubbish.Soon I was completely flat.I can not believe how thin I became.
I slept for a while.When I woke up，I found myself in a terrible place.Everything around me was ugly and had horrible smells.I felt afraid.I kept hoping that I would be moved somewhere else.Then huge trucks came and covered us with a layer of soil.
I asked another bottle what would happen to us.He said that we would never leave this horrible crowded place，but would have to stay here for thousands of years.
"Why can't they reuse or recycle us？" I cried.
16. At the beginning of the story，what was inside the plastic bottle？ ______
A. Some water. B. Some rubbish. C. Some soil.
17. After being thrown away by the woman，the bottle ______ .
A. was reused to hold things
B. was pushed and became flat
C. was moved to somewhere clean
18. The story of the bottle calls on people to ______ .
A. stay calm B. make friends C. be green
19. What's the best title of the passage？ ______
A. Lovely Brothers and Sisters
B. A Dirty but Interesting Place
C. The Journey of a Plastic Bottle
E
Leaves are very important for trees- -they give food to the whole tree （or plant）!
Do you know why leaves are green？That is because there is chlorophyll （叶绿素） inside leaves.It allows the leaves to conduct photosynthesis （光合作用）.A plant makes its own food in its leaves.Water comes to the leaves through the roots.Air gets into the leaves through very small holes. It also needs sunshine because a plant can make food only when the sun is shining.
Leaves keep you cool on hot days by making shades.Leaves also help make trees good homes for animals，like birds，squirrels and bugs by providing them with shelter，a place to hide，and even food!They are not only helpful to animals but also humans.
As the weather gets cooler and the days get shorter in autumn，trees start to prepare for winter.
Since leaves have water inside，they can't stand low temperatures，because the water would freeze and the leaves would die and fall.Another reason that trees lose their leaves is because bad weather （such as thunder storms） hurts them during the spring and summer or they get ill.
Since they lose their leaves in autumn，they will be able to grow new ones in spring!When leaves fall to the ground，they finally break down and become nutrients for the soil，helping prepare for more plants to grow in spring and also create a layer that helps the ground take in water.
20. Why are leaves green？ ______
A. Because air gets into the leaves.
B. Because there is chlorophyll inside them.
C. Because they can give food to the whole tree.
21. The underlined word "It" in paragraph 2 refers to ______ .
A. The plant B. The water C. The air
22. The writer shows leaves are useful ______ in paragraph 3.
A. by listing numbers B. by asking questions
C. by giving examples
23. How many reasons are mentioned about why leaves fall in the passage？ ______
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4.
24. All aboard!Let's take a ride on the world's highest railway—the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.Sit back and enjoy the journey. （1） ______
We're leaving Qinghai Station.The scenery along the way is some of wildest in all of China.Keep your eyes open as we race through this beautiful land.You might see a rare Tibetan antelope （藏羚羊） from your window.
Before we begin our journey，let's learn about this amazing railway.（2） ______ When it was completed on July 1，2006，the Tibet Railway set nine world records，including the world's highest railway at 5072 meters above sea level，the world's highest tunnel （隧道） at 4905 meters，and the longest tunnel ever built on permafrost.
（ 3） ______ Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygen which we are used to breathing.But don't be afraid.Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems.One system spreads oxygen throughout the train at all times.And each passenger can also get a personal oxygen mask just like those used in planes.
Here are a few more things to think about as our train leaves the station. （4） ______ First，the high altitude （海拔） made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen.Second，much of the railway runs across permafrost，a type of ground that keeps changing as the weather warms and cools.Finally，the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology （敏感的生态环境） in China.
（ 5） ______ All three challenges were met，making our trip possible.All aboard!The train to Tibet is leaving in fifteen minutes.
A.Get ready for the wonderful trip of a lifetime.
B.As we travel higher，the air gets thinner and thinner.
C.The temperature becomes lower and lower along the way.
D.It's truly one of the great engineering wonders of the 21st century.
E.The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway.
F.Great care was necessary to make sure of the smallest possible influence on nature.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
25. If you were a little screw，could you stick to your post （岗位） forever？Lei Feng answered this question with his service to his country.
Lei Feng was a Chinese soldier.During the 22 years he was alive，he helped many people.He arrived luggage for the elderly and gave food to children.He once gave all his money to his friend's sick parents.He darned pants and socks for other soldiers.
Lei Feng seldom spoke about what he did.After he died in 1962，people found his diary and learned about him.He became a symbol of the giving spirit. "There is a limit to one's life，but no limit to serving the people，" Lei Feng said.
In 1963，Chairman Mao Zedong called on the nation to learn from Lei Feng，and each year's March 5 has been named as "Lei Feng Day".On that day，students do all kinds of volunteer work to learn from the role model.This year，some fifth graders in Shijiazhuang put the shared bikes along the road in order.Students from a primary school in Dalian told Lei Feng's storied to others. "I learn from Lei Feng's selflessness and want to help others by doing small things，" said Li Huaye，one of the students.
Lei Feng passed away more than 60 years ago，but the "Lei Feng spirit" still leads Chinese people to do volunteer work.President Xi Jingping said，"Lei Feng is the backbone （脊梁） of our nation.Let the 'Lei Feng spirit' settle down roots here.We should start from the baby to carry forward the spirit.The 'Lei Feng spirit' in the whole society can become common practice and then be carried forward form generation （一代人） to generation."
(1) Lei Feng was a soldier and he ______ during the 22 years he was alive.
(2) People learned about what Lei Feng did from ______ after his death.
(3) On Lei Feng Day，students learn from the role model Lei Feng by ______ .
(4) The underlined phrase " carry forward" means ______ in Chinese.
(5) What can you learn from the "Lei Feng spirit"？
______
26. 参观遵义会址是一次多么有趣的经历啊!
______ ______ fun experience it was to visit Site of Zunyi Conference!
27. 刘秀祥决定大学毕业后回到他的家乡教书。
Liu Xiuxiang decided ______ ______ in his hometown after leaving university.
28. 对学生而言，多阅读是提高语言能力的秘诀之一。
For students，reading more is ______ of the ______ of improving their language abilities.
29. 从这里走到梵净山的山顶大约要花4小时。
______ ______ about four hours to walk to the top of the Fanjing Mountain from here.
30. 随着中欧班列的开通，更多的贵州产品被销往欧洲。
With the opening of the CR Express，more products in Guizhou will ______ ______ to Europe.
31. What do Chinese young people think of the idea of filial piety （孝道）？
Lihua，25，Guizhou
We have a saying that "filial piety is the first of the hundred virtues （百善孝为先）".So you know how（1） ______ （ importance） it is for the Chinese to respect and take care of their parents.
My mom（2） ______ （ set） a good example for me，too.Every week she goes to visit her mom（3） ______ takes care of her.Then I got the idea to care for my mom as well.
In my opinion，filial piety is（4） ______ natural thing.Our parents do so many things for us.It's natural that we feel thankful and want（5） ______ （ pay） them back.As teenagers，filial piety may just mean not always arguing with parents，and trying to make them happy by behaving well.
Wang Lining，14，Shanxi
In China，many schools have（6） ______ （ activity） to promote filial piety，such as cooking for parents，helping wash their feet or writing a "thank you card".By doing these things we develop（7） ______ （ deep） love for our parents than before!
Confucius believed（8） ______ only if everyone is good to their parents can they be good to other people.Then there won't be many fights.Then we could bring peace to the world.I think this is a great idea.It means that filial piety is about（9） ______ （ love） not only your parents but also everyone!
So I think we all should try（10） ______ （ we） best to be good to our parents.Be there for them when they feel lonely.Help them with housework.Give money to them when they need it.These are all actions of the greatest kindness.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
32. 爱因斯坦说："兴趣是最好的老师"，有人喜欢唱歌、有人喜欢跳舞、有人喜欢绘画、有人喜欢踢球……兴趣爱好让人快乐、令人放松，不同的兴趣爱好带给每个人不同的感受。近日育才中学广播站正在举行英语征文比赛，请你以"My Hobbies Make Me________"为题，写一篇约80词的征文。
要求：
（ 1）征文须包含思维导图中所有信息；
（ 2）重点谈谈你的收获及感悟；
（ 3）文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。
My Hobbies Make Me_____"
Hobbies
Reasons
Feeling
…
________
答案和解析
1.【答案】【小题1】C
【小题2】G
【小题3】A
【小题4】F
【小题5】B
【小题6】D
【解析】（1）考查代词。句意：在她看来，胜利不仅仅来自于她的努力。根据In...eyes，the winning not only comes from her hard work.（在......看来，胜利不仅仅来自于她的努力。）所给词和句子，可知此处要表达的意思是"在她看来"，故此处要选择形容词性物主代词"her"修饰名词"eyes"，故选C。
（2）考查形容词。句意：我很感谢所处的时代。I'm...for the age that I'm living in.（我很......所处的时代）联系所给词和句子，可知此处要表达的意思是"我很感谢所处的时代"，故此处要选择形容词"thankful"构成短语"be thankful for"表达"对••••••很感谢"之意，故选G。
（3）考查名词。句意：它使年轻人能够实现他们的梦想。该空位于形容词性物主代词"their"之后，故此处要填的是名词，联系所给词，可知此处要表达的意思是"实现梦想"，故此处要选择表达"梦想"的名词，故选A。
（4）考查介词。句意：在北京冬奥会前，她参加了三次冬奥会。该空位于不及物动词和名词之间，故可知此处要填的是介词，而此处表达的是"在冬奥会竞争了三次"，故此处要用介词"in"，故选F。
（5）考查连词。句意：当中国要举办2022年冬奥会时，她觉得在国内赢得金牌是一种莫大的荣誉和责任。When China was going to hold the 2022 Winter Games，she felt it was a great honor ...responsibility to win gold at home.（当中国要举办2022年冬奥会时，她觉得在国内赢得金牌是一种莫大的荣誉......责任。）联系上下文，可知此处要表达的意思是"荣誉和责任"，故此处要用连词"and"连接两个名词，故选B。
（6）考查介词。句意：她勇敢地再次追求她的梦想。观察句子，该空位于不及物动词"went"和名词之间，联系上下文，可知此处要表达的意思是"追逐梦想"，故此处要用介词"after"，构成动词短语"went after"表达"追逐"之意，故选D。
文章讲述了徐梦桃在北京冬奥会上在自由滑中终于获得了冠军的故事。
根据短文大意和语境选择合适的单词，并用其正确的形式填入空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺，语法正确，结构完整，注意单词的适当形式。
2~11.【答案】C、B、A、A、C、B、C、A、B、A
【解析】（1）考查动名词。句意：这里有一些关于在西方一起吃饭你可能需要知道的事情。running跑步；playing玩；eating吃。根据So when you eat Western food，do as Westerners do.（所以当你吃西餐时，要像西方人那样吃。）可知，下文介绍的关于在西方吃饭的事情。故选C。
（2）考查名词。句意：在一些西方国家，午餐通常在下午1点左右吃。breakfast早饭；lunch午饭；supper晚饭。In some Western countries，…is usually eaten at about 1 pm.（在一些西方国家，……通常在下午1点左右吃。）可知，一点左右吃午饭。故选B。
（3）考查名词。句意：用餐开始时，法国人说"祝你愉快"，意大利人说"祝你胃口好"。meal一餐；film电影；game游戏。根据"Enjoy your meal" is usually only said by the person who brings the food.（"用餐愉快"通常只会由端来食物的人说。）可知，是用餐开始符合语境。故选A。
（4）考查名词。句意：大多数西餐都是用刀叉吃的。knives刀；spoons勺子；chopsticks筷子。根据The fork is held in your left hand and the knife in your right（左手拿叉，右手拿刀）可知，刀叉用于西餐。故选A。
（5）考查动词。句意：在用餐期间，你可能会被说"请自便"的人邀请自己服务。praised赞美；allowed允许；invited邀请。根据you may be…to serve yourself （你可能会被……自己服务）可知，被邀请符合语境。故选C。
（6）考查形容词。句意：抱歉。full饱了；sorry抱歉；tired疲劳的。根据 If you are given something you do not like（如果有人给你不喜欢吃的东西）可知，你要委婉拒绝，所以"抱歉"符合语境。故选B。
（7）考查形容词。句意：不，谢谢。味道很好，但我已经吃够了。crispy脆的；sweet甜的；delicious美味的。根据If you are offered more food but can't eat any more，just say， "No，thanks.It was…but I've had enough."（如果有人给你提供了更多的食物，但你不能再吃了，就说："不了，谢谢。味道……但我已经吃够了。"）可知，食物很美味，但是我吃不下了。故选C。
（8）考查形容词。句意：记住，礼貌的做法是在端上来的时候说你很喜欢每一道菜，在用餐结束的时候说你很喜欢食物。polite礼貌的；serious严肃的；relaxing令人放松的。根据Remember that it is…to say that you enjoy every dish when it is served（记住，……做法是在端上来的时候说你很喜欢每一道菜）可知，说喜欢每道菜是礼貌的。故选A。
（9）考查形容词。句意：有时很难知道饭什么时候吃完。nice美好的；over结束的；ready准备好的。根据It is sometimes difficult to know when the meal is…（有时候很难知道饭什么时候……）可知，有时候很难知道饭什么时候结束符合语境。故选B.
（10）考查动词。句意：所以如果你一吃完就离开是不礼貌的。leave离开；drink喝；smile微笑。根据you will be expected to stay and talk around the dinner table long after the last dish is served（他们会希望你在最后一道菜上桌后很长时间还留在餐桌旁聊天）可知，一吃完就离开是不礼貌的。故选A。
本文主要讲述了一条非常重要的礼仪原则，"入乡随俗"，介绍了许多与西方人用餐时需要注意的礼节。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
12~15.【答案】C、B、A、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据图片中的Shenzhou 1 was launched in 1999.（神舟一号于1999年发射。）可知，神舟一号在1999年被成功送上太空。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据图片中的Shenzhou 5 put the first Chinese citizen into space in 2003.（神舟五号于2003年将第一位中国公民送入太空。）可知，2003年，神舟五号将第一位中国公民送入太空。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据图片中的Launched （发射） the satellite Dongfanghong 1 in 1970.（1970年发射了东方红一号卫星。）可知，东方红一号是一颗卫星。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段China's space program has achieved a lot.（中国的航天计划已经取得了很大成就。）可知，本文主要介绍了中国的航天计划取得了很多成就，所以文章可能来自杂志的科学部分。故选B。
本文主要介绍了中国的航天计划取得了很多成就。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
16~19.【答案】A、B、C、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段A week ago，I was on a supermarket shelf.I had a normal life，the same as all my brothers and sisters- -other bottles full of water.（一周前，我在超市货架上。我过着正常的生活，和我所有的兄弟姐妹——其他的瓶子一样装满水。）可知，在故事的开头，塑料瓶里面是一些水。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Then I was pushed together with the rest of the rubbish.Soon I was completely flat.（然后我被和其他垃圾推到了一起。很快我就完全扁了。）可知，瓶子被那个女人扔掉后，被挤压扁了。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个塑料瓶的经历，它从超市货架上被一位女士买回家，放进冰箱里，然后被喝掉了水，最后被扔进垃圾桶。接着被垃圾车拉走，被压扁，被埋在一个充满臭味的垃圾堆里，被覆盖上一层土，注定要在这里待上几千年。瓶子感到非常孤独和害怕，它想知道为什么人们不能重复使用或回收它们。这篇文章通过一个塑料瓶的经历，向读者传达了环保的重要性，提醒人们应该重视废弃物的处理和回收利用，减少对环境的污染。故推理出，瓶子的故事呼吁人们要环保。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个塑料瓶的经历，它从超市货架上被一位女士买回家，放进冰箱里，然后被喝掉了水，最后被扔进垃圾桶。接着被垃圾车拉走，被压扁，被埋在一个充满臭味的垃圾堆里，被覆盖上一层土，注定要在这里待上几千年。瓶子感到非常孤独和害怕，它想知道为什么人们不能重复使用或回收它们。这篇文章通过一个塑料瓶的经历，向读者传达了环保的重要性，提醒人们应该重视废弃物的处理和回收利用，减少对环境的污染。故文章的最佳标题应是"塑料瓶之旅"。故选C。
本文主要讲述了一个塑料瓶的经历，它从超市货架上被一位女士买回家，放进冰箱里，然后被喝掉了水，最后被扔进垃圾桶。接着被垃圾车拉走，被压扁，被埋在一个充满臭味的垃圾堆里，被覆盖上一层土，注定要在这里待上几千年。瓶子感到非常孤独和害怕，它想知道为什么人们不能重复使用或回收它们。这篇文章通过一个塑料瓶的经历，向读者传达了环保的重要性，提醒人们应该重视废弃物的处理和回收利用，减少对环境的污染。同时，也让人们意识到，我们每个人都应该从自身做起，尽可能地减少使用一次性塑料制品，为地球的可持续发展做出贡献。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
20~23.【答案】B、A、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Do you know why leaves are green？That is because there is chlorophyll （叶绿素） inside leaves.（你知道为什么树叶是绿色的吗？那是因为叶子里有叶绿素。）可知，是因为它们里面有叶绿素。故选B。
（2）代词指代题。根据第二段A plant makes its own food in its leaves.（植物在叶子中制造自己的食物。）以及It also needs sunshine because a plant can make food only when the sun is shining.（它也需要阳光，因为植物只有在阳光照耀下才能制造食物。）可知，植物需要阳光，所以It指的是"植物"。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段Leaves keep you cool on hot days by making shades.Leaves also help make trees good homes for animals，like birds，squirrels and bugs by providing them with shelter，a place to hide，and even food!（树叶在热天可以制造遮阳物，让你保持凉爽。树叶也有助于使树木成为动物的良好家园，如鸟类、松鼠和昆虫，为它们提供庇护、藏身之处，甚至食物！）可知，该段是通过举例的方式来说明树叶是有用的。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Since leaves have water inside，they can't stand low temperatures，because the water would freeze and the leaves would die and fall.Another reason that trees lose their leaves is because bad weather （such as thunder storms） hurts them during the spring and summer or they get ill.（因为叶子里面有水，所以它们不能忍受低温，因为水会结冰，叶子会死亡和掉落。树木落叶的另一个原因是因为春天和夏天的恶劣天气（如雷雨）伤害了它们，或者它们生病了。）可知，一共提到了三个原因。故选B。
这篇短文主要讲述了树叶的重要性以及它们的功能。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
24.【答案】【小题1】A
【小题2】D
【小题3】B
【小题4】E
【小题5】F
【解析】细节推理题。
（1）根据上文Let's take a ride on the world's highest railway—the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.Sit back and enjoy the journey. （让我们乘坐世界上最高的铁路青藏铁路。坐下来享受旅程。）可知说的是享受旅程，结合选项，应说准备好迎接一生的精彩旅行。故选A。
（2）根据上文Before we begin our journey，let's learn about this amazing railway.（在我们开始旅程之前，让我们了解一下这条令人惊叹的铁路。）可知说的是铁路，结合选项，应说它确实是21世纪伟大的工程奇迹之一。故选D。
（3）根据下文Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygen which we are used to breathing.（很快，我们习惯呼吸的氧气将只剩下50%到60%。）可知说的是氧气，结合选项，应说随着我们走得越来越高，空气变得越来越稀薄。故选B。
（4）根据下文First，the high altitude （海拔） made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen.Second，much of the railway runs across permafrost，a type of ground that keeps changing as the weather warms and cools.Finally，the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology （敏感的生态环境） in China.（首先，高海拔使这项任务变得困难，因为没有足够的氧气。其次，大部分铁路都穿越永久冻土，这种地面随着天气的变暖和变冷而不断变化。最后，铁路要穿越中国一些最敏感的生态系统。）可知说的是三个挑战，结合选项，应说在建造这条伟大的铁路时，设计者解决了三个主要挑战。故选E。
（5）根据上文First，the high altitude （海拔） made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen.Second，much of the railway runs across permafrost，a type of ground that keeps changing as the weather warms and cools.Finally，the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology （敏感的生态环境） in China.（首先，高海拔使这项任务变得困难，因为没有足够的氧气。其次，大部分铁路都穿越永久冻土，这种地面随着天气的变暖和变冷而不断变化。最后，铁路要穿越中国一些最敏感的生态系统。）和下文All three challenges were met，making our trip possible.（所有这三个挑战都得到了满足，使我们的旅行成为可能。）可知说的是三个挑战都得到了满足，结合选项，应说必须非常小心，以确保对自然造成的影响是尽可能小的。故选F。
本文为青藏铁路上的播报。
做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案。
25.【答案】【小题1】helped many people
【小题2】his diary
【小题3】doing all kinds of volunteer work
【小题4】发扬光大
【小题5】I learn that I can help others by doing small things.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Lei Feng was a Chinese soldier.During the 22 years he was alive，he helped many people.（雷锋是一名中国军人。在他活着的22年里，他帮助了很多人。）可知，雷锋是一名军人，在他活着的22年里，他帮助了许多人。故填helped many people。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段After he died in 1962，people found his diary and learned about him.（1962年他去世后，人们发现了他的日记并了解了他。）可知，在雷锋死后，人们从他的日记中了解到了他的所作所为。故填his diary。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段On that day，students do all kinds of volunteer work to learn from the role model.（在那一天，学生们做各种各样的志愿者工作，向榜样学习。）可知，在"学雷锋日"，学生们通过做各种各样的志愿者工作来像榜样雷锋学习。故填doing all kinds of volunteer work。
（4）语义猜测题。根据划线词组所在句The 'Lei Feng spirit' in the whole society can become common practice and then be carried forward form generation（一代人）to generation.（整个社会的'雷锋精神'可以成为普遍的做法，然后一代又一代地......）可知，是指把"雷锋精神"发扬光大。所以划线词组意为"发扬光大"。故填：发扬光大。
（5）主观表达题。从"雷锋精神"中我学到了：可以通过做一些小事来帮助别人。故填I learn that I can help others by doing small things.
本文主要介绍了雷锋的事迹以及"雷锋精神"。
答阅读题时，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脉络，然后在文章中找到对应的信息，得出正确答案。
26.【答案】What
【解析】感叹句结构：What+/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！本题形容词是fun，以辅音音素开头的，故用不定冠词a，可数名词单数是experience，形式主语是it，谓语是was，不定式to visit Site of Zunyi Conference是真正的主语。
故答案为：What；a。
参观遵义会址是一次多么有趣的经历啊!
结合中英文确定所缺单词，按照所学语法知识，填入正确形式，使语法正确，结构完整。
27.【答案】to
【解析】根据句意可知此处考查固定搭配decide to do sth.（决定做某事，to后接动词原形），teach教。
故填to teach。
刘秀祥决定大学毕业后回到他的家乡教书。
大学毕业后，刘秀祥决定回到他的家乡教书。
掌握不定式是解答此题的关键。
28.【答案】one
【解析】……之一 one of，是固定短语，后面跟可数名词的复数形式；秘诀secret，是可数名词，在one of后面用复数形式。
故答案为：one；secrets。
对学生而言，多阅读是提高语言能力的秘诀之一。
汉译英，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子。
29.【答案】It
【解析】花费take，到达get to；it takes +时间+to do sth．是固定句式，意思是"做某事花费多少时间"．根据句意"从这里走到从这里走到梵净山的山顶大约要花4小时"和语法可知，用固定句式it takes +时间+to do sth．，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语；要用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数人称单数形式．
故答案为：It；takes。
从这里走到梵净山的山顶大约要花4小时。
汉译英，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子。
30.【答案】be
【解析】根据所给中文，结合英语可知句子的时态是一般将来时，语态是被动语态，谓语由will be+过去分词构成。卖：sell，过去分词是sold。因此空格处填be；sold。
故答案为：be；sold。
随着中欧班列的开通，更多的贵州产品被销往欧洲。
平时要注重词汇和语法的学习。
31.【答案】【小题1】important
【小题2】sets
【小题3】and
【小题4】a
【小题5】to pay
【小题6】activities
【小题7】deeper
【小题8】that
【小题9】loving
【小题10】our
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：所以你知道中国人尊重和照顾他们的父母是多么的重要。括号中所给词"importance"为名词，表达"重要性"之意，而其前有副词"how"，其不可修饰名词，故此处要用其形容词形式，故填important。
（2）考查动词。句意：我妈妈也为我树立了一个好榜样。括号中所给词"set"为动词，表达"设立"之意，而此处讲述的是一般事实，故要用一般现在时，主语"my mom"为单数主语，故此处的"set"要用其第三人称单数形式，故填sets。
（3）考查连词。句意：她每周都去看望她的妈妈并照顾她。分析句子，该句中有两处谓语部分，故此处要填连词，联系句子，可知其与"goes"并列，故此处要填连词"and"连接两个谓语部分，故填and。
（4）考查冠词。句意：在我看来，孝道是一件很自然的事情。分析句子，该空位于可数名词单数"thing"之前，故此处要填不定冠词，而"natural'"为辅音音素读音开头的单词，故此处要用不定冠词"a"，故填a。
（5）考查动词。句意：我们很自然地会心存感激，想要回报他们。括号中所给词"pay"为动词，表达"支付"之意，而其位于动词"want"之后，其后接动词时要用其动词不定式形式，故填to pay。
（6）考查名词。句意：在中国，许多学校都有宣传孝道的活动，比如为父母做饭，帮他们洗脚或者写一张"感谢卡"。括号中所给词"activity"为名词，表达"活动"之意，而"活动"不止一种，这里提到了：为父母做饭，帮他们洗脚或者写一张"感谢卡"，故此处要用其复数形式，故填activities。
（7）考查形容词。句意：通过做这些事情，我们对父母的爱比以前更深了!括号中所给词"deep"为形容词，表达"深厚的"的之意，而由句子中的"than before"提示，此处是在与过去比较，故此处要用其比较级形式，故填deeper。
（8）考查连词。句意：孔子认为，只有每个人都对父母好，他们才能对别人好。分析句子，该句中有两处谓语部分，故此处要填连词，而其为动词"believed"的宾语，故此处要用连词"that"来引导宾语从句，故填that。
（9）考查动名词。句意：这意味着孝道不仅是爱你的父母，而且是爱每一个人!括号中所给词"love"为动词，表达"热爱"之意，而其前有介词"about'"，故此处要用其动名词形式，故填loving。
（10）考查代词。句意：所以我认为我们都应该尽力对父母好。括号中所给词"we"为代词主格，表达"我们"之意，而此处要表达的意思是"尽某人最大的能力"，故此处要用其形容词性物主代词形式，构成短语"try our best"表达"尽我们最大的努力"之意，故填our。
本文具体列举了两个不同的人他们的关于孝道的看法。
语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答。对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配。
32.【答案】My Hobbies Make Me happy As we all know，happiness is a feeling in our daily life.I always read in my spare time.（我的爱好）I think it can not only improve my knowledge，but also broaden my mind.
First of all，there are all kinds of stories in the book.Some interesting，some sad，some wonderful.I can always learn a lot from them.
Second，reading books helps me do well in my study.Books are quite useful when I meet with difficulties. 【高分句型一】（理由）
In a word，reading has already become part of my life.Just as the saying goes， "Reading makes a full man." I think doing more reading can really make me better.【高分句型二】（感受）
【解析】【高分句型一】
Books are quite useful when I meet with difficulties.当我遇到困难时，书很有用。时间状语从句。
【高分句型二】
I think doing more reading can really make me better.我认为多读书真的能让我变得更好。宾语从句。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
2023年贵州省贵阳市白云区中考英语二模试卷
1.
A.dreams B.and C.her D.after E.with F.in G.thankful
Many people know Xu Mengtao as a star athlete.She won a gold medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics.In（1） ______ eyes，the winning not only comes from her hard work.More importantly，it is because of the fast growth of China's winter sports. "I'm（2） ______ for the age that I'm living in.It enables young people to achieve their（3） ______ ，" she said.
Xu began to practice freestyle skiing at 12."Passion came to me first.Then I dreamed about making history，" she said.Before Beijing Winter Games，she competed（4） ______ the Winter Olympics three times.But she missed the gold medal.When China was going to hold the 2022 Winter Games，she felt it was a great honor（5） ______ responsibility to win gold at home.She bravely went（6） ______ her dream again. "To be ready for every battle of our lives，we need to make each step forward solid （坚实的），" she said.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
We often say， "When in Rome，do as the Romans do." So when you eat Western food，do as Westerners do.Here are some things that you may need to know about（1） ______ together in the West.
In some Western countries，（2） ______ is usually eaten at about 1 pm.Dinner is served around 7 pm or even later.In Spain it is usual to have lunch at 3 pm and dinner at 10 pm!
At the start of a（3） ______ ，the French say "Bon appétit"，and the Italians say "Buon appetito".But there is nothing similar to say in English. "Enjoy your meal" is usually only said by the person who brings the food.
Forks and（4） ______ are used for most Western food.The fork is held in your left hand and the knife in your right，and the food is held with the fork and cut with the knife.
During the meal，you may be（5） ______ to serve yourself by someone who says， "Help yourself."
You can take it and say， "Thank you." If you are given something you do not like，you can just say，for example， "I'm（6） ______ .I don't eat meat"，or "I don't eat fish".No one will be cross.If you are offered more food but can't eat any more，just say， "No，thanks.It was（7） ______ ，but I've had enough."
Remember that it is（8） ______ to say that you enjoy every dish when it is served，and that you have enjoyed the food at the end of a meal.
It is sometimes difficult to know when the meal is（9） ______ .If you are invited to dinner by Western friends，you will be expected to stay and talk around the dinner table long after the last dish is served，so it is not polite if you（10） ______ as soon as you finish eating.
The rule is：Watch the other people.Do as they do.
2. A. running B. playing C. eating
3. A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper
4. A. meal B. film C. game
5. A. knives B. spoons C. chopsticks
6. A. praised B. allowed C. invited
7. A. full B. sorry C. tired
8. A. crispy B. sweet C. delicious
9. A. polite B. serious C. relaxing
10. A. nice B. over C. ready
11. A. leave B. drink C. smile
C
China's space program has achieved a lot.Even though China's space program started nearly fifty years later than the America's，Chinese scientists have put a lot of efforts into the program and have never given up.Without the hard work of all the great scientists in the program，we would never have succeeded.
12. Shenzhou 1 was sent to space successfully in ______ .
A. 1956 B. 1970 C. 1999
13. The first ______ was put into space in Shenzhou 5 in 2003.
A. female astronaut B. Chinese citizen C. sports player
14. Which of the following is TRUE about Dongfanghong 1？ ______
A. It's a satellite. B. It's a space station.
C. It put people into space.
15. We can most probably read the material from the ______ part of a magazine.
A. animal B. science C. nature
D
I am a plastic bottle.A week ago，I was on a supermarket shelf.I had a normal life，the same as all my brothers and sisters- -other bottles full of water.I felt really happy.
Then a tall woman picked me up and put me in her basket!The woman took me home and put me in the fridge.It was cold，but I soon made friends with the cans and bottles in it.However，only a few hours later，she took me out of the fridge and drank the water inside me.Then she threw me into a dustbin.I have never felt so empty and alone in my life.
Early the next morning，a man took me out of the dustbin.He threw me and the other rubbish into the back of a truck.There were so many horrible smells.Then I was pushed together with the rest of the rubbish.Soon I was completely flat.I can not believe how thin I became.
I slept for a while.When I woke up，I found myself in a terrible place.Everything around me was ugly and had horrible smells.I felt afraid.I kept hoping that I would be moved somewhere else.Then huge trucks came and covered us with a layer of soil.
I asked another bottle what would happen to us.He said that we would never leave this horrible crowded place，but would have to stay here for thousands of years.
"Why can't they reuse or recycle us？" I cried.
16. At the beginning of the story，what was inside the plastic bottle？ ______
A. Some water. B. Some rubbish. C. Some soil.
17. After being thrown away by the woman，the bottle ______ .
A. was reused to hold things
B. was pushed and became flat
C. was moved to somewhere clean
18. The story of the bottle calls on people to ______ .
A. stay calm B. make friends C. be green
19. What's the best title of the passage？ ______
A. Lovely Brothers and Sisters
B. A Dirty but Interesting Place
C. The Journey of a Plastic Bottle
E
Leaves are very important for trees- -they give food to the whole tree （or plant）!
Do you know why leaves are green？That is because there is chlorophyll （叶绿素） inside leaves.It allows the leaves to conduct photosynthesis （光合作用）.A plant makes its own food in its leaves.Water comes to the leaves through the roots.Air gets into the leaves through very small holes. It also needs sunshine because a plant can make food only when the sun is shining.
Leaves keep you cool on hot days by making shades.Leaves also help make trees good homes for animals，like birds，squirrels and bugs by providing them with shelter，a place to hide，and even food!They are not only helpful to animals but also humans.
As the weather gets cooler and the days get shorter in autumn，trees start to prepare for winter.
Since leaves have water inside，they can't stand low temperatures，because the water would freeze and the leaves would die and fall.Another reason that trees lose their leaves is because bad weather （such as thunder storms） hurts them during the spring and summer or they get ill.
Since they lose their leaves in autumn，they will be able to grow new ones in spring!When leaves fall to the ground，they finally break down and become nutrients for the soil，helping prepare for more plants to grow in spring and also create a layer that helps the ground take in water.
20. Why are leaves green？ ______
A. Because air gets into the leaves.
B. Because there is chlorophyll inside them.
C. Because they can give food to the whole tree.
21. The underlined word "It" in paragraph 2 refers to ______ .
A. The plant B. The water C. The air
22. The writer shows leaves are useful ______ in paragraph 3.
A. by listing numbers B. by asking questions
C. by giving examples
23. How many reasons are mentioned about why leaves fall in the passage？ ______
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4.
24. All aboard!Let's take a ride on the world's highest railway—the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.Sit back and enjoy the journey. （1） ______
We're leaving Qinghai Station.The scenery along the way is some of wildest in all of China.Keep your eyes open as we race through this beautiful land.You might see a rare Tibetan antelope （藏羚羊） from your window.
Before we begin our journey，let's learn about this amazing railway.（2） ______ When it was completed on July 1，2006，the Tibet Railway set nine world records，including the world's highest railway at 5072 meters above sea level，the world's highest tunnel （隧道） at 4905 meters，and the longest tunnel ever built on permafrost.
（ 3） ______ Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygen which we are used to breathing.But don't be afraid.Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems.One system spreads oxygen throughout the train at all times.And each passenger can also get a personal oxygen mask just like those used in planes.
Here are a few more things to think about as our train leaves the station. （4） ______ First，the high altitude （海拔） made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen.Second，much of the railway runs across permafrost，a type of ground that keeps changing as the weather warms and cools.Finally，the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology （敏感的生态环境） in China.
（ 5） ______ All three challenges were met，making our trip possible.All aboard!The train to Tibet is leaving in fifteen minutes.
A.Get ready for the wonderful trip of a lifetime.
B.As we travel higher，the air gets thinner and thinner.
C.The temperature becomes lower and lower along the way.
D.It's truly one of the great engineering wonders of the 21st century.
E.The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway.
F.Great care was necessary to make sure of the smallest possible influence on nature.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
25. If you were a little screw，could you stick to your post （岗位） forever？Lei Feng answered this question with his service to his country.
Lei Feng was a Chinese soldier.During the 22 years he was alive，he helped many people.He arrived luggage for the elderly and gave food to children.He once gave all his money to his friend's sick parents.He darned pants and socks for other soldiers.
Lei Feng seldom spoke about what he did.After he died in 1962，people found his diary and learned about him.He became a symbol of the giving spirit. "There is a limit to one's life，but no limit to serving the people，" Lei Feng said.
In 1963，Chairman Mao Zedong called on the nation to learn from Lei Feng，and each year's March 5 has been named as "Lei Feng Day".On that day，students do all kinds of volunteer work to learn from the role model.This year，some fifth graders in Shijiazhuang put the shared bikes along the road in order.Students from a primary school in Dalian told Lei Feng's storied to others. "I learn from Lei Feng's selflessness and want to help others by doing small things，" said Li Huaye，one of the students.
Lei Feng passed away more than 60 years ago，but the "Lei Feng spirit" still leads Chinese people to do volunteer work.President Xi Jingping said，"Lei Feng is the backbone （脊梁） of our nation.Let the 'Lei Feng spirit' settle down roots here.We should start from the baby to carry forward the spirit.The 'Lei Feng spirit' in the whole society can become common practice and then be carried forward form generation （一代人） to generation."
(1) Lei Feng was a soldier and he ______ during the 22 years he was alive.
(2) People learned about what Lei Feng did from ______ after his death.
(3) On Lei Feng Day，students learn from the role model Lei Feng by ______ .
(4) The underlined phrase " carry forward" means ______ in Chinese.
(5) What can you learn from the "Lei Feng spirit"？
______
26. 参观遵义会址是一次多么有趣的经历啊!
______ ______ fun experience it was to visit Site of Zunyi Conference!
27. 刘秀祥决定大学毕业后回到他的家乡教书。
Liu Xiuxiang decided ______ ______ in his hometown after leaving university.
28. 对学生而言，多阅读是提高语言能力的秘诀之一。
For students，reading more is ______ of the ______ of improving their language abilities.
29. 从这里走到梵净山的山顶大约要花4小时。
______ ______ about four hours to walk to the top of the Fanjing Mountain from here.
30. 随着中欧班列的开通，更多的贵州产品被销往欧洲。
With the opening of the CR Express，more products in Guizhou will ______ ______ to Europe.
31. What do Chinese young people think of the idea of filial piety （孝道）？
Lihua，25，Guizhou
We have a saying that "filial piety is the first of the hundred virtues （百善孝为先）".So you know how（1） ______ （ importance） it is for the Chinese to respect and take care of their parents.
My mom（2） ______ （ set） a good example for me，too.Every week she goes to visit her mom（3） ______ takes care of her.Then I got the idea to care for my mom as well.
In my opinion，filial piety is（4） ______ natural thing.Our parents do so many things for us.It's natural that we feel thankful and want（5） ______ （ pay） them back.As teenagers，filial piety may just mean not always arguing with parents，and trying to make them happy by behaving well.
Wang Lining，14，Shanxi
In China，many schools have（6） ______ （ activity） to promote filial piety，such as cooking for parents，helping wash their feet or writing a "thank you card".By doing these things we develop（7） ______ （ deep） love for our parents than before!
Confucius believed（8） ______ only if everyone is good to their parents can they be good to other people.Then there won't be many fights.Then we could bring peace to the world.I think this is a great idea.It means that filial piety is about（9） ______ （ love） not only your parents but also everyone!
So I think we all should try（10） ______ （ we） best to be good to our parents.Be there for them when they feel lonely.Help them with housework.Give money to them when they need it.These are all actions of the greatest kindness.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
32. 爱因斯坦说："兴趣是最好的老师"，有人喜欢唱歌、有人喜欢跳舞、有人喜欢绘画、有人喜欢踢球……兴趣爱好让人快乐、令人放松，不同的兴趣爱好带给每个人不同的感受。近日育才中学广播站正在举行英语征文比赛，请你以"My Hobbies Make Me________"为题，写一篇约80词的征文。
要求：
（ 1）征文须包含思维导图中所有信息；
（ 2）重点谈谈你的收获及感悟；
（ 3）文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。
My Hobbies Make Me_____"
Hobbies
Reasons
Feeling
…
________
答案和解析
1.【答案】【小题1】C
【小题2】G
【小题3】A
【小题4】F
【小题5】B
【小题6】D
【解析】（1）考查代词。句意：在她看来，胜利不仅仅来自于她的努力。根据In...eyes，the winning not only comes from her hard work.（在......看来，胜利不仅仅来自于她的努力。）所给词和句子，可知此处要表达的意思是"在她看来"，故此处要选择形容词性物主代词"her"修饰名词"eyes"，故选C。
（2）考查形容词。句意：我很感谢所处的时代。I'm...for the age that I'm living in.（我很......所处的时代）联系所给词和句子，可知此处要表达的意思是"我很感谢所处的时代"，故此处要选择形容词"thankful"构成短语"be thankful for"表达"对••••••很感谢"之意，故选G。
（3）考查名词。句意：它使年轻人能够实现他们的梦想。该空位于形容词性物主代词"their"之后，故此处要填的是名词，联系所给词，可知此处要表达的意思是"实现梦想"，故此处要选择表达"梦想"的名词，故选A。
（4）考查介词。句意：在北京冬奥会前，她参加了三次冬奥会。该空位于不及物动词和名词之间，故可知此处要填的是介词，而此处表达的是"在冬奥会竞争了三次"，故此处要用介词"in"，故选F。
（5）考查连词。句意：当中国要举办2022年冬奥会时，她觉得在国内赢得金牌是一种莫大的荣誉和责任。When China was going to hold the 2022 Winter Games，she felt it was a great honor ...responsibility to win gold at home.（当中国要举办2022年冬奥会时，她觉得在国内赢得金牌是一种莫大的荣誉......责任。）联系上下文，可知此处要表达的意思是"荣誉和责任"，故此处要用连词"and"连接两个名词，故选B。
（6）考查介词。句意：她勇敢地再次追求她的梦想。观察句子，该空位于不及物动词"went"和名词之间，联系上下文，可知此处要表达的意思是"追逐梦想"，故此处要用介词"after"，构成动词短语"went after"表达"追逐"之意，故选D。
文章讲述了徐梦桃在北京冬奥会上在自由滑中终于获得了冠军的故事。
根据短文大意和语境选择合适的单词，并用其正确的形式填入空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺，语法正确，结构完整，注意单词的适当形式。
2~11.【答案】C、B、A、A、C、B、C、A、B、A
【解析】（1）考查动名词。句意：这里有一些关于在西方一起吃饭你可能需要知道的事情。running跑步；playing玩；eating吃。根据So when you eat Western food，do as Westerners do.（所以当你吃西餐时，要像西方人那样吃。）可知，下文介绍的关于在西方吃饭的事情。故选C。
（2）考查名词。句意：在一些西方国家，午餐通常在下午1点左右吃。breakfast早饭；lunch午饭；supper晚饭。In some Western countries，…is usually eaten at about 1 pm.（在一些西方国家，……通常在下午1点左右吃。）可知，一点左右吃午饭。故选B。
（3）考查名词。句意：用餐开始时，法国人说"祝你愉快"，意大利人说"祝你胃口好"。meal一餐；film电影；game游戏。根据"Enjoy your meal" is usually only said by the person who brings the food.（"用餐愉快"通常只会由端来食物的人说。）可知，是用餐开始符合语境。故选A。
（4）考查名词。句意：大多数西餐都是用刀叉吃的。knives刀；spoons勺子；chopsticks筷子。根据The fork is held in your left hand and the knife in your right（左手拿叉，右手拿刀）可知，刀叉用于西餐。故选A。
（5）考查动词。句意：在用餐期间，你可能会被说"请自便"的人邀请自己服务。praised赞美；allowed允许；invited邀请。根据you may be…to serve yourself （你可能会被……自己服务）可知，被邀请符合语境。故选C。
（6）考查形容词。句意：抱歉。full饱了；sorry抱歉；tired疲劳的。根据 If you are given something you do not like（如果有人给你不喜欢吃的东西）可知，你要委婉拒绝，所以"抱歉"符合语境。故选B。
（7）考查形容词。句意：不，谢谢。味道很好，但我已经吃够了。crispy脆的；sweet甜的；delicious美味的。根据If you are offered more food but can't eat any more，just say， "No，thanks.It was…but I've had enough."（如果有人给你提供了更多的食物，但你不能再吃了，就说："不了，谢谢。味道……但我已经吃够了。"）可知，食物很美味，但是我吃不下了。故选C。
（8）考查形容词。句意：记住，礼貌的做法是在端上来的时候说你很喜欢每一道菜，在用餐结束的时候说你很喜欢食物。polite礼貌的；serious严肃的；relaxing令人放松的。根据Remember that it is…to say that you enjoy every dish when it is served（记住，……做法是在端上来的时候说你很喜欢每一道菜）可知，说喜欢每道菜是礼貌的。故选A。
（9）考查形容词。句意：有时很难知道饭什么时候吃完。nice美好的；over结束的；ready准备好的。根据It is sometimes difficult to know when the meal is…（有时候很难知道饭什么时候……）可知，有时候很难知道饭什么时候结束符合语境。故选B.
（10）考查动词。句意：所以如果你一吃完就离开是不礼貌的。leave离开；drink喝；smile微笑。根据you will be expected to stay and talk around the dinner table long after the last dish is served（他们会希望你在最后一道菜上桌后很长时间还留在餐桌旁聊天）可知，一吃完就离开是不礼貌的。故选A。
本文主要讲述了一条非常重要的礼仪原则，"入乡随俗"，介绍了许多与西方人用餐时需要注意的礼节。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
12~15.【答案】C、B、A、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据图片中的Shenzhou 1 was launched in 1999.（神舟一号于1999年发射。）可知，神舟一号在1999年被成功送上太空。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据图片中的Shenzhou 5 put the first Chinese citizen into space in 2003.（神舟五号于2003年将第一位中国公民送入太空。）可知，2003年，神舟五号将第一位中国公民送入太空。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据图片中的Launched （发射） the satellite Dongfanghong 1 in 1970.（1970年发射了东方红一号卫星。）可知，东方红一号是一颗卫星。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段China's space program has achieved a lot.（中国的航天计划已经取得了很大成就。）可知，本文主要介绍了中国的航天计划取得了很多成就，所以文章可能来自杂志的科学部分。故选B。
本文主要介绍了中国的航天计划取得了很多成就。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
16~19.【答案】A、B、C、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段A week ago，I was on a supermarket shelf.I had a normal life，the same as all my brothers and sisters- -other bottles full of water.（一周前，我在超市货架上。我过着正常的生活，和我所有的兄弟姐妹——其他的瓶子一样装满水。）可知，在故事的开头，塑料瓶里面是一些水。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Then I was pushed together with the rest of the rubbish.Soon I was completely flat.（然后我被和其他垃圾推到了一起。很快我就完全扁了。）可知，瓶子被那个女人扔掉后，被挤压扁了。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个塑料瓶的经历，它从超市货架上被一位女士买回家，放进冰箱里，然后被喝掉了水，最后被扔进垃圾桶。接着被垃圾车拉走，被压扁，被埋在一个充满臭味的垃圾堆里，被覆盖上一层土，注定要在这里待上几千年。瓶子感到非常孤独和害怕，它想知道为什么人们不能重复使用或回收它们。这篇文章通过一个塑料瓶的经历，向读者传达了环保的重要性，提醒人们应该重视废弃物的处理和回收利用，减少对环境的污染。故推理出，瓶子的故事呼吁人们要环保。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个塑料瓶的经历，它从超市货架上被一位女士买回家，放进冰箱里，然后被喝掉了水，最后被扔进垃圾桶。接着被垃圾车拉走，被压扁，被埋在一个充满臭味的垃圾堆里，被覆盖上一层土，注定要在这里待上几千年。瓶子感到非常孤独和害怕，它想知道为什么人们不能重复使用或回收它们。这篇文章通过一个塑料瓶的经历，向读者传达了环保的重要性，提醒人们应该重视废弃物的处理和回收利用，减少对环境的污染。故文章的最佳标题应是"塑料瓶之旅"。故选C。
本文主要讲述了一个塑料瓶的经历，它从超市货架上被一位女士买回家，放进冰箱里，然后被喝掉了水，最后被扔进垃圾桶。接着被垃圾车拉走，被压扁，被埋在一个充满臭味的垃圾堆里，被覆盖上一层土，注定要在这里待上几千年。瓶子感到非常孤独和害怕，它想知道为什么人们不能重复使用或回收它们。这篇文章通过一个塑料瓶的经历，向读者传达了环保的重要性，提醒人们应该重视废弃物的处理和回收利用，减少对环境的污染。同时，也让人们意识到，我们每个人都应该从自身做起，尽可能地减少使用一次性塑料制品，为地球的可持续发展做出贡献。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
20~23.【答案】B、A、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Do you know why leaves are green？That is because there is chlorophyll （叶绿素） inside leaves.（你知道为什么树叶是绿色的吗？那是因为叶子里有叶绿素。）可知，是因为它们里面有叶绿素。故选B。
（2）代词指代题。根据第二段A plant makes its own food in its leaves.（植物在叶子中制造自己的食物。）以及It also needs sunshine because a plant can make food only when the sun is shining.（它也需要阳光，因为植物只有在阳光照耀下才能制造食物。）可知，植物需要阳光，所以It指的是"植物"。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段Leaves keep you cool on hot days by making shades.Leaves also help make trees good homes for animals，like birds，squirrels and bugs by providing them with shelter，a place to hide，and even food!（树叶在热天可以制造遮阳物，让你保持凉爽。树叶也有助于使树木成为动物的良好家园，如鸟类、松鼠和昆虫，为它们提供庇护、藏身之处，甚至食物！）可知，该段是通过举例的方式来说明树叶是有用的。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Since leaves have water inside，they can't stand low temperatures，because the water would freeze and the leaves would die and fall.Another reason that trees lose their leaves is because bad weather （such as thunder storms） hurts them during the spring and summer or they get ill.（因为叶子里面有水，所以它们不能忍受低温，因为水会结冰，叶子会死亡和掉落。树木落叶的另一个原因是因为春天和夏天的恶劣天气（如雷雨）伤害了它们，或者它们生病了。）可知，一共提到了三个原因。故选B。
这篇短文主要讲述了树叶的重要性以及它们的功能。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
24.【答案】【小题1】A
【小题2】D
【小题3】B
【小题4】E
【小题5】F
【解析】细节推理题。
（1）根据上文Let's take a ride on the world's highest railway—the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.Sit back and enjoy the journey. （让我们乘坐世界上最高的铁路青藏铁路。坐下来享受旅程。）可知说的是享受旅程，结合选项，应说准备好迎接一生的精彩旅行。故选A。
（2）根据上文Before we begin our journey，let's learn about this amazing railway.（在我们开始旅程之前，让我们了解一下这条令人惊叹的铁路。）可知说的是铁路，结合选项，应说它确实是21世纪伟大的工程奇迹之一。故选D。
（3）根据下文Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygen which we are used to breathing.（很快，我们习惯呼吸的氧气将只剩下50%到60%。）可知说的是氧气，结合选项，应说随着我们走得越来越高，空气变得越来越稀薄。故选B。
（4）根据下文First，the high altitude （海拔） made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen.Second，much of the railway runs across permafrost，a type of ground that keeps changing as the weather warms and cools.Finally，the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology （敏感的生态环境） in China.（首先，高海拔使这项任务变得困难，因为没有足够的氧气。其次，大部分铁路都穿越永久冻土，这种地面随着天气的变暖和变冷而不断变化。最后，铁路要穿越中国一些最敏感的生态系统。）可知说的是三个挑战，结合选项，应说在建造这条伟大的铁路时，设计者解决了三个主要挑战。故选E。
（5）根据上文First，the high altitude （海拔） made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen.Second，much of the railway runs across permafrost，a type of ground that keeps changing as the weather warms and cools.Finally，the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology （敏感的生态环境） in China.（首先，高海拔使这项任务变得困难，因为没有足够的氧气。其次，大部分铁路都穿越永久冻土，这种地面随着天气的变暖和变冷而不断变化。最后，铁路要穿越中国一些最敏感的生态系统。）和下文All three challenges were met，making our trip possible.（所有这三个挑战都得到了满足，使我们的旅行成为可能。）可知说的是三个挑战都得到了满足，结合选项，应说必须非常小心，以确保对自然造成的影响是尽可能小的。故选F。
本文为青藏铁路上的播报。
做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案。
25.【答案】【小题1】helped many people
【小题2】his diary
【小题3】doing all kinds of volunteer work
【小题4】发扬光大
【小题5】I learn that I can help others by doing small things.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Lei Feng was a Chinese soldier.During the 22 years he was alive，he helped many people.（雷锋是一名中国军人。在他活着的22年里，他帮助了很多人。）可知，雷锋是一名军人，在他活着的22年里，他帮助了许多人。故填helped many people。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段After he died in 1962，people found his diary and learned about him.（1962年他去世后，人们发现了他的日记并了解了他。）可知，在雷锋死后，人们从他的日记中了解到了他的所作所为。故填his diary。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段On that day，students do all kinds of volunteer work to learn from the role model.（在那一天，学生们做各种各样的志愿者工作，向榜样学习。）可知，在"学雷锋日"，学生们通过做各种各样的志愿者工作来像榜样雷锋学习。故填doing all kinds of volunteer work。
（4）语义猜测题。根据划线词组所在句The 'Lei Feng spirit' in the whole society can become common practice and then be carried forward form generation（一代人）to generation.（整个社会的'雷锋精神'可以成为普遍的做法，然后一代又一代地......）可知，是指把"雷锋精神"发扬光大。所以划线词组意为"发扬光大"。故填：发扬光大。
（5）主观表达题。从"雷锋精神"中我学到了：可以通过做一些小事来帮助别人。故填I learn that I can help others by doing small things.
本文主要介绍了雷锋的事迹以及"雷锋精神"。
答阅读题时，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脉络，然后在文章中找到对应的信息，得出正确答案。
26.【答案】What
【解析】感叹句结构：What+/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！本题形容词是fun，以辅音音素开头的，故用不定冠词a，可数名词单数是experience，形式主语是it，谓语是was，不定式to visit Site of Zunyi Conference是真正的主语。
故答案为：What；a。
参观遵义会址是一次多么有趣的经历啊!
结合中英文确定所缺单词，按照所学语法知识，填入正确形式，使语法正确，结构完整。
27.【答案】to
【解析】根据句意可知此处考查固定搭配decide to do sth.（决定做某事，to后接动词原形），teach教。
故填to teach。
刘秀祥决定大学毕业后回到他的家乡教书。
大学毕业后，刘秀祥决定回到他的家乡教书。
掌握不定式是解答此题的关键。
28.【答案】one
【解析】……之一 one of，是固定短语，后面跟可数名词的复数形式；秘诀secret，是可数名词，在one of后面用复数形式。
故答案为：one；secrets。
对学生而言，多阅读是提高语言能力的秘诀之一。
汉译英，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子。
29.【答案】It
【解析】花费take，到达get to；it takes +时间+to do sth．是固定句式，意思是"做某事花费多少时间"．根据句意"从这里走到从这里走到梵净山的山顶大约要花4小时"和语法可知，用固定句式it takes +时间+to do sth．，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语；要用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数人称单数形式．
故答案为：It；takes。
从这里走到梵净山的山顶大约要花4小时。
汉译英，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子。
30.【答案】be
【解析】根据所给中文，结合英语可知句子的时态是一般将来时，语态是被动语态，谓语由will be+过去分词构成。卖：sell，过去分词是sold。因此空格处填be；sold。
故答案为：be；sold。
随着中欧班列的开通，更多的贵州产品被销往欧洲。
平时要注重词汇和语法的学习。
31.【答案】【小题1】important
【小题2】sets
【小题3】and
【小题4】a
【小题5】to pay
【小题6】activities
【小题7】deeper
【小题8】that
【小题9】loving
【小题10】our
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：所以你知道中国人尊重和照顾他们的父母是多么的重要。括号中所给词"importance"为名词，表达"重要性"之意，而其前有副词"how"，其不可修饰名词，故此处要用其形容词形式，故填important。
（2）考查动词。句意：我妈妈也为我树立了一个好榜样。括号中所给词"set"为动词，表达"设立"之意，而此处讲述的是一般事实，故要用一般现在时，主语"my mom"为单数主语，故此处的"set"要用其第三人称单数形式，故填sets。
（3）考查连词。句意：她每周都去看望她的妈妈并照顾她。分析句子，该句中有两处谓语部分，故此处要填连词，联系句子，可知其与"goes"并列，故此处要填连词"and"连接两个谓语部分，故填and。
（4）考查冠词。句意：在我看来，孝道是一件很自然的事情。分析句子，该空位于可数名词单数"thing"之前，故此处要填不定冠词，而"natural'"为辅音音素读音开头的单词，故此处要用不定冠词"a"，故填a。
（5）考查动词。句意：我们很自然地会心存感激，想要回报他们。括号中所给词"pay"为动词，表达"支付"之意，而其位于动词"want"之后，其后接动词时要用其动词不定式形式，故填to pay。
（6）考查名词。句意：在中国，许多学校都有宣传孝道的活动，比如为父母做饭，帮他们洗脚或者写一张"感谢卡"。括号中所给词"activity"为名词，表达"活动"之意，而"活动"不止一种，这里提到了：为父母做饭，帮他们洗脚或者写一张"感谢卡"，故此处要用其复数形式，故填activities。
（7）考查形容词。句意：通过做这些事情，我们对父母的爱比以前更深了!括号中所给词"deep"为形容词，表达"深厚的"的之意，而由句子中的"than before"提示，此处是在与过去比较，故此处要用其比较级形式，故填deeper。
（8）考查连词。句意：孔子认为，只有每个人都对父母好，他们才能对别人好。分析句子，该句中有两处谓语部分，故此处要填连词，而其为动词"believed"的宾语，故此处要用连词"that"来引导宾语从句，故填that。
（9）考查动名词。句意：这意味着孝道不仅是爱你的父母，而且是爱每一个人!括号中所给词"love"为动词，表达"热爱"之意，而其前有介词"about'"，故此处要用其动名词形式，故填loving。
（10）考查代词。句意：所以我认为我们都应该尽力对父母好。括号中所给词"we"为代词主格，表达"我们"之意，而此处要表达的意思是"尽某人最大的能力"，故此处要用其形容词性物主代词形式，构成短语"try our best"表达"尽我们最大的努力"之意，故填our。
本文具体列举了两个不同的人他们的关于孝道的看法。
语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答。对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配。
32.【答案】My Hobbies Make Me happy As we all know，happiness is a feeling in our daily life.I always read in my spare time.（我的爱好）I think it can not only improve my knowledge，but also broaden my mind.
First of all，there are all kinds of stories in the book.Some interesting，some sad，some wonderful.I can always learn a lot from them.
Second，reading books helps me do well in my study.Books are quite useful when I meet with difficulties. 【高分句型一】（理由）
In a word，reading has already become part of my life.Just as the saying goes， "Reading makes a full man." I think doing more reading can really make me better.【高分句型二】（感受）
【解析】【高分句型一】
Books are quite useful when I meet with difficulties.当我遇到困难时，书很有用。时间状语从句。
【高分句型二】
I think doing more reading can really make me better.我认为多读书真的能让我变得更好。宾语从句。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
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