2023北京丰台高三一模英语

2023北京丰台高三一模

英    语

2023.03

本试卷共12页，100 分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

笔试(共三部分100分)

第一部分  知识运用(共两节，30分)

第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

It had been an interesting soccer match. Jerry was so absorbed in it that everyone  1   his passion for sports. He also developed a_  2   attitude towards acquiring such a soccer uniform. Whatever he desires, he asks his parents to purchase it in a split of seconds.

“Mom, I want a soccer uniform,” he begged his mother.

“OK,” said his mother, “but you need to have   3  ”.

The days passed by, but he got no   4  from his parents. His dream seemed to collapse. However, Jerry never gave up his idea. He kept thinking how to achieve it as early as possible. A sparkling idea struck his mind. He could   5   one of his T-shirts, but what if his mother saw and scolded(责备)? Though anxious, he finally made up his mind.

He drew a circle with the help of a bowl and modified the soccer image onto the T-shirt. He also took   6   to avoid the spread of color onto the other side of it, It was a remarkable piece of work.

“Jerry! What are you doing?” his mother suddenly appeared.

“I may not get the uniform, but I can try to paint the image on my T-shirt, I thought.” He was   7    to face his mother. But out of his expectation, his mother   8   him for his work ignoring the mistake. She did not mind the T-shirt in the presence of the idea of painting.

“It's OK,” said Mom.

If we had fulfilled your every want, your inborn   9   would have been hidden. You wouldn't have thought of other alternative in getting the uniform. That adds to your   10   to achieve your goal,” she said.

“Thank you, Mom.” He ran playfully.

1. A. controlled      B. sensed      C. supported       D. expected

2. A. thirsty         B. realistic     C. cautious        D. selfish

3. A. confidence     B. motivation    C. inspiration     D. patience

4. A. decision       B. response      C. judgment      D. recognition

5. A. purchase       B. exchange      C. paint         D. sew

6. A. interest         B. energy       C. courage       D. care

7. A. eager          B. surprised      C. afraid         D. relieved

8. A. appreciated     B. blamed      C. rewarded        D. thanked

9. A. taste           B. fondness     C. talent          D. fear

10. A. willpower      B. honesty      C. responsibility   D. tolerance

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

Wang was born and grew up in America, but she  11  (build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. She is now riding a new trend: mixing and matching modern clothes with traditional Han dress, or hanfu. She has been posting videos of  12  (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. “I love hanfu. I've made many videos,  13   (aim) to help more people learn about it,” Wang told Beijing Review.

B

Engineers invented a new device to produce solar electricity at night. Solar panels transform sunlight into energy, so they  14   (traditional)work only during daylight hours. This device, however,   15  (use) a thermometric generator, which creates energy. from differences in temperature. In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy  16  is transformed into electricity. The device could be helpful in areas   17   (locate) far from a power grid(电网).

C

A study showed how much dogs love their owners. In the experiment, the researchers first measured how many tears  18   (produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners. The team then repeated the experiment )this time/ with dogs that were reunited with their owners  19  being apart for five hours. The results showed dogs only shed tears during the reunions. The team now wants to find out  20  dogs have a similar emotional response when reunited with other dogs.

第二部分  阅读理解 (共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题，每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Give a little sunshine!

The Council on Aging (COA)runs a telephone friendship project called the Sunshine Call Program, matching over-60s with a friendly volunteer for a daily chat over the phone.The aim is simple- -to help ease the loneliness and repair social networks. .

Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior's life?

The Sunshine Call Program initially links a volunteer with an isolate(独居的) senior for a daily cal When comfortable the volunteer introduces a second senior to the call. Then another, until there are four seniors to one volunteer on what is essentially a conference call. Without having to leave the house, you will help the seniors meet and make new friends. They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation.

What are the volunteer qualifications?

Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app.COA will provide all supplies required to make the calls. Besides, volunteers must agree to participate in monthly meetings with other volunteers and guest speakers. All volunteers must be willing to provide a recent Criminal Record Check, the cost of which will be borne by COA.And the most important volunteer qualification is a sense of caring and a desire to help seniors in the community!

If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call program, never hesitate!Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form.

21. Why does the passage mention Sheila's experience?

A. To show her loneliness

B. To share a sweet memory.

C. To stress the value of COA.

D. To praise Rianne's kindness.

22. One of the responsibilities of volunteers is       .

A. making weekly calls to seniors

B. visiting seniors during holidays

C. introducing new friends to seniors

D. teaching seniors to use smart phones

23. If you want to be a volunteer, what are you required to do?

A. Learn the use of a chat app. .

B. Prepare a computer by yourself.

C. Offer a letter of recommendation.

D. Have relevant working experience.

24. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To inform the readers of COA.

B. To invite seniors to sign up for COA

C. To introduce volunteer work in COA.

D. To advertise for new volunteers for COA.

B

This was the first communication that had come from,her aunt in Jessie's lifetime.

“I think your aunt has forgiven me at last,”her father said as he passed the letter across the table.

Jessie looked first at the autograph(签名). It seemed strange to see her own name there. There was a likeness between her aunt's autograph and her own, a hint of the same decisiveness and precision. If Jessie had been educated fifty years earlier, she might have written her name in just that manner.

“You're very like her in some ways," her father said, as she still stared at the autograph.

“I should think you must almost have forgotten what Aunt Jessie was like, dear," she said.“How many years is it since you last saw her?"

“More than forty,” her father said. “We disagreed, We invariably disagreed. Jessie always prided herself on being so modern. She read Darwin and things like that. Altogether beyond me, I admit."

“And so it seems that she wants to see me.” Jessie straightened her shoulders and lifted her head, She was excited at the thought of meeting this mythical aunt whom she had so often heard about. Sometimes she had wondered if the personality of this remarkable relative had not been a

figment(虚构) of her father's imagination.

But this letter of hers that now lay on the breakfast table was admirable in character/There was something of intolerance expressed in its tone. It was just like what her father had told her

Mr. Deane came out of his past memories with a sigh.

“Yes, yes; she wants to see you, my dear,” he said. “I've heard she has set up a school and helped many youngsters... I think you had better accept this invitation to say with her. If she took a fancy to you, you could get a better education..."

He sighed again, and Jessie knew tat for the hundredth time he was regretting his own past weakness...

25. How was the relationship between Jessie's father and her aunt?

A. It remained very close over the years.

B. It was broken when they were young.

C. It got tenser due to a misunderstanding.

D. It was uneasy for their financial differences.

26. From the passage, we know Jessie was      .

A. eager to meet her aunt

B. cautious about her aunt's invitation

C. angry with her aunt for ignoring her family

D. puzzled by her aunt's sudden interest in her

27. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Jessie's aunt promised to offer her better education.

B. Jessie's aunt's personality seemed to change a lot.

C. Jessie's and her aunt were different in personality.

D. Jessie's father felt sorry for what he had done.

C

Many people would answer the question of what makes us human by insisting that we are cultural beings. There is no doubt that we are. But one definition of culture is the totality of traditions acquired in a community by social learning from other individuals, and many animal species have traditions. Can we then say that some animals are cultural beings too?

One approach to study culture in animals is the so-called Method of Exclusion(排除), in which scientists investigate behavioral variations across populations of one species. In a famous study, scientists learned that chimpanzee(黑猩猩) behaviors were socially passed on) as they were present at some sites but not at others, despite having same/ecological settings. For example, chimpanzees in Tai National Park in Ivory Coast are well-know for their nut-cracking skills. Chimpanzees in Gombe National Park in Tanzania, on the other hand, do not crack nuts, although nuts exist in their environment too.

However, when applying the Method of Exclusion, one has to be very careful. There are  other factors that could also explain the pattern of behavioral variation. For example, some of the chimpanzee techniques scientists evaluated occur in only one of the three subspecies. So it's quite possible that these behaviors also have an innate component. This would mean that one chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique not out of cultural tradition, but because the behavior is fixed to specific genes. Another factor that has to be excluded is of course the envirotment Chimpanzees in Mahale do not fish algae(水藻), simply because algae does not exist there.

But when we exclude all the variations that can be explained by genes or environment, we still find that animals do show cultural variations. Does that mean there is no real difference between them and us after all? Not exactly. There is a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally on what generations before us have learned. This is called “cumulative culture". We don't have to keep reinventing the wheel. This is called the “ratchet(棘轮) effect”. Like a ratchet that can be turned forward but not back, people' s cultural techniques evolve.

It is likely that behaviors we see today in chimpanzee cultures could be invented over and over again by individual animals themselves. In contrast, a child born today would not be able to invent a computer without the knowledge of many past generations.

28 .Why does the author mention the example of the chimpanzees in two parks in Paragraph 2?

A. To prove that culture does exist in animals.

B. To justify the uniqueness of the research method.

C. To compare how chimpanzees behave in different parks.

D. To stress the importance of environment in studying culture.

29. What does the underlined word "innate" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Advanced.

B. Inborn.

C. Adaptive.

D. Intelligent.

30. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Cumulative culture is what sets humans apart from animals.

B. Culture in animals is as worthy to be valued as human culture.

C. Animals don't have the ability to invent behaviors in a community.

D. The "ratchet effect" decides if humans can build on past experiences.

D

When Elinor Lobel was 16, a “smart" insulin(胰岛素) pump was attached to her body. Powered by AI, it tracks her glucose levels and administers the right dose of insulin at the right time to keep her healthy. It is one of the new ways that data and AI can help improve lives.

Books that criticize the dark side of data are plentiful. They generally suggest there is much more to fear than fete in the algorithmic(算法的) age.

But the intellectual tide may be turning. One of the most persuasive supporters of a more balanced view is Elinor Lobel's mother, Orly, a law professor. In The Equality Machine she acknowledges AI's capacity to produce harmful results. But she shows how. in the right hands, it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination.

A principle of privacy rules is “minimization”: collect and keep as little information as possible, especially in areas such as race and Render. Ms Lobel flips the script, showing how in hiring, pay and the legal system, knowing such characteristics leads to fairer outcomes.

Ms Lobel's call to use more, not less, personal information challenges data-privacy orthodoxy(正统观念). But she insists that "tracking difference is key to detecting unfairness." She advocates a loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency(透明) over algorithmic decisions.

The problems with algorithmic formulae(公式) are tackled in depth in Escape from Model Land by Erica Thompson of the School of Economics. These statistical models are the backbone of big data and AI. Yet a perfect model will always be beyond reach. “All models are wrong," runs a wise saying. “Some are useful.”

Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect. In the better known Butterfly Effect, a serviceable model, in the prediction of climate change, becomes less reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating(模拟), or because of inaccuracies in the original data. In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is flawed; it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature.

The author calls on data geeks to improve their solutions to real-world issues, not merely refine their formulae- in other words, to escape from model land. “We do not need to have the best possible answer,” she writes, “only a reasonable one."

Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data, algorithms and their limitations. Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations, whether in law or coding. As Ms Lobel puts it: “It's always better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.”

31. Ms Lobel intends to convey that        .

A. minimisation is a good privacy rule to go by

B. algorithms are currently challenged by data privacy

C. employing more personal data should be encouraged

D. identifying algorithms' problems leads to better outcomes

32. What can we learn about “Hawkmoth Effect"?

A. It develops from Butterfly Effect.

B. It emphasizes accuracy of original data.

C. It enjoys popularity in climate research field.

D. It is mentioned to show the model can be faulty.

33. Which of the following does the writer probably agree?

A. Using algorithms to detect differences is hard.

B. The application of data and algorithms is limited.

C. The reliability of data should be attached importance to.

D. Improving algorithms involves accepting its imperfection.

34. Which would be the best title for this passage?

A. The Algorithm's Prospect

B. The Algorithm's Mercy

C. The Algorithm's Complexity

D. The Algorithm's Recognition

第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Expressive writing or journaling is one way to help you heal from trauma(创伤)  35  . It can help you process what you've been through and assist you as you envision a path forward.

Why docs a writing intervention work?  36  .In fact, narrating the story of an ongoing anxiety “frees up” cognitive resources. When you write down the emotions associated with a traumatic experience, you may be changing the way it is organized in the brain. You are then able to detach from the emotion, making it easier for you to talk about and process the event.

However, for most people, the thought of acknowledging emotions and admitting that there' s something wrong with us is difficult This is because expressing emotions can bring up feelings of guilt and shame.  37  .That is what sets journaling apart. This is between you and your journal- you don't have to share it with anyone unless, of course, you choose to.

If you're interested in trying out writing as a tool for healing, start your writing by setting a timer for ten minutes.  38  .Think of one object in your home that signifies a moment for you. See it in full color. Feel the weight of it. Use all your senses. Now, write about that object and see how large its meaning can become.

  39  How you heal from trauma can be different from person to person as well. It all depends on what works best for you. Remember, one size does not fit all. Writing may not work for everyone, but you won't know if you don't try.

A. Despite that, expressive writing remains an accessible tool,

B Of course, expressive writing is hardly a panacea(灵丹妙药).

C. Also, seeking help for emotional stress is often seen as a sign of weakness.

D. It may seem abnormal that writing about negative experiences has a positive effect.

E. Once you have a better handle o your problems, you can move forward and get on with life.

F. It is writing from your heart and mind and about the emotion associated with a certain event.

G. Let your mind go to the detailed, specific moments to get to the feelings and truth of your experience.

第三部分  书面表达(共两节，32分)

第一节(共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

If you've spent any time on social media sites, you've probably noticed it: parents share news, photos, and other information about their children. This phenomenon is called “sharenting”, a combination of the words “sharing” and “parenting”.

Much of the research on sharenting focuses on why parents choose to share online. Studies found that for parents of infants(婴儿), sharenting can help ease the social isolation that comes with this period in their children's lives. Parents of teenagers also share information about their kids on social media. Research has shown their motivations include communicating their pride in their children's accomplishments and informing friends and family about their kids' lives.

However, when parents post about their children on social media with high frequency, the phenomenon of “oversharenting” occurs, which can be a great cause for concern. For example, if parents share too much information that their children don't want disclosed, it may lead them to with old information about their lives from their parents so they can better control what can and can't be posted about them.

Additionally, the cute photos or funny observations parents share online about their children could become a problem when their kids get older. In particular, colleges and employers are increasingly checking applicants' online activity, and as a result, information posted by parents could become a source of embarrassment or affect a potential college's or employer's assessment of their child.

Sharing information has never been faster than in the digital age. While it can be very convenient to post milestones of their children, it's important for parents to ensure they're sharening responsibly. After all, it's not just a picture, it's the child and their digital footprint.

40. According to the passage, what is sharenting?

41. Why do parents of infants choose to share online?

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

➢When parents oversharent, their children may make up information about their lives to better control what can and can 't be posted about them.

43. Besides what's mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your parents oversharent? (In about 40 words)

第二节(20分)

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校即将举办“中医药文化”主题活动，你打算邀请交换生Jim参加。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括:

1.介绍活动;

2.邀请参加。

提示词: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)中医药

注意: 1.词数100左右;

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua

参考答案

第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分）

第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）

1. B  2. A  3. D  4. B  5. C  6. D  7. C  8. A  9. C  10. A

第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）

11. has built/has been building     12. herself   13. aiming   14. traditionally    15. uses

16. which    17. located     18. were produced      19. after     20. whether/if

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分）

第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）

21. C 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B

第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）

35. F 36. D  37. C  38. G 39. B

第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分）

第一节（共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分） 40. It is a phenomenon where parents share news, photos, and other information about their children.

41. Because sharenting can help ease the social isolation that comes with this period in their children’s lives.

42. When parents oversharent, their children may make up information about their lives to better control what can and can’t be posted about them.

According to the passage, their children may withhold information about their lives from their parents to better control what can and can’t be posted about them.

43. 略。

第二节（20 分）

Dear Jim,

I’m writing to invite you to join our school’s upcoming event themed “Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture”.

Our school will be holding the event from 2 pm to 5 pm next Friday in the school lecture hall. During the event, experts will share the history of TCM as well as its use in modern healthcare. We can even have an opportunity to sample some traditional Chinese medical treatments, like herbal medicine and cupping. Sounds interesting, isn’t it?

I’m sure this event will be as informative as it is fun. Would you like to come? I really hope you could make it to the event and experience the magic of TCM with us.

Yours,

Li Hua