2023北京石景山高三一模英语

这是一份2023北京石景山高三一模英语，共10页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023北京石景山高三一模
英 语
学校 姓名 准考证号
本试卷共 10 页，共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I am never good at public speaking. Every time I was involved in a group project, I would always volunteer to be any role but the presenter. So, when my partner Emily offered to be the of our project, I was overjoyed.
Unfortunately, on the presentation day, Emily fell ill badly. She had to stay home to rest. I was worried that she may 2 the presentation, so I called her. As I spoke to her on the phone, it became apparent that I had to step up and present our project. I was filled with . By the time I hung up the phone, I could hardly breathe.
I had no 4 but to make an alternative plan. I tried to 5 my nervousness and focus on the task at hand. Pulling out a piece of paper, I wrote whatever I could remember on it with great urgency.
With that piece of paper, I stood outside the classroom door, waiting for my turn. I tried to be calm, but as time passed by, 6 went through me and the waiting area seemed too small for me to 7 . When my name was called, I broke out into a cold sweat.
In front of the judges, my hands failed in their attempts to remain 8 . All the while, my voice and hands were shaking. I tried to take shallow breaths and I felt I would fall apart anytime. Somehow, I 9 to go through the entire presentation and deliver my speech as planned. 10 my fear was not as hard as it seemed, and my alternative plan proved to be a success.
1. A. recorder
B. speaker
C. designer
D. organizer
2. A. change
B. give
C. analyze
D. miss
3. A. relief
B. excitement
C. anxiety
D. shame
4. A. resource
B. worry
C. chance
D. choice
5. A. push aside
B. let out
C. hide behind
D. hold onto
6. A. sadness
B. fear
C. anger
D. guilt
7. A. rest
B. cry
C. breathe
D. sigh
8. A. steady
B. flexible
C. gentle
D. strong
9. A. pretended
B. expected
C. refused
D. managed
10. A. Understanding
B. Overcoming
C. Admitting
D. Expressing
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Nick was riding his bike along the Arching River when he noticed something (usual) in the water. He took a closer look and saw a pair of fin-like things circling above the river’s surface. 12 (confuse) by what he had seen, Nick took a video and posted it on the Internet. Days later, some researchers confirmed that he 13 (spot) two dolphins— the first cetacean(鲸目动物) sighted in this river since 2017—and this suggested the efforts to restore the health of the river were paying off.
B
As products of nature, shells have developed a bond with people since the period of cavemen, 14 images in the cave paintings show them wearing shells. Today, in Fujian Province, experts are turning the natural gifts into shell-carved artworks by (integrate) techniques from jade and wood carving, as well as traditional Chinese painting. In 2021, a shell carving art museum was established, where the craft’s history has been publicized. The experts hope they (explore) new techniques in the future to carry this ancient craft forward.
C
Since ChatGPT’s launch in November last year, it has become an immediate hit that is both entertaining and alarming 17 (it) users. Given a command or question, the chatbot is able to return convincing essays, simple recipes and even life advice in a matter of (second). This impressive achievement 19 (obtain) by a large language model. Many are wondering 20 could be next for this technology and where the technology could end up.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
There’s no place like home—a place to put your feet up, relax and be yourself. But a brand new full-service private rental property named Homestead is redefining(重新定义) modern living, making you feel at home.
Freed from the small stuff
Right from moving in, convenience is built into the process, with fully-furnished, high-quality apartments available for residents and access to all facilities of Homestead and Wi-Fi included in monthly rental cost.
Feel at home
Not only are Homestead’s apartments beautifully designed and furnished to create a sense of relaxation and luxury, but the shared spaces for residents to use and socialise in—from the inviting reception area to the landscaped roof garden and stylish private dining rooms—all reflect a contemporary, high-quality reimagining of what renting ought to be.
Make hybrid work really work
As hybrid work, which focuses on the flexibility of working, is part of our lives now, the opportunity to shift between workspaces with ease is critical. Start the day catching up on emails in a stylishly-designed co-working space steps away from your front door, before taking calls on the outside platform or travel into your employer’s office when you need to.
Be a people person
Living at Homestead means joining a community of like-minded people. Whether you meet neighbours on the roof garden or in the cinema room, or choose to network in the co-working space, making friends couldn’t be more straightforward.
Tap here for helpful services
They say there’s an app for everything—and in this case, there is an app with everything. The Homestead App gives you quick access to a range of bookable services, from ordering takeaway to dog walking to cleaning services—all right on your doorstep, meaning more time to actually enjoy the rest of your day.
Visit Homestead and discover how full-service rental lets you make the most of homelike living.
21. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To inform us of rental services. B. To advertise a rental property.
C. To report on a different lifestyle. D. To sell multi-functional apartments.
22. How does Homestead make hybrid work easier for its residents?
A. By offering shared working spaces.
B. By giving access to bookable services.
C. By supplying a full set of office equipment.
D. By providing training to improve efficiency.
23. What can we know from the passage?
A. Residents can live an old-fashioned life.
B. Homestead saves residents from buying furniture.
C. Residents are required to join a social community.
D. Homestead charges residents extra fee for using Wi-Fi.
B
I recently attended a wedding in a rural area in north Italy, and guests were provided with a car and driver for the 90–minute journey into the hills. That was exciting: A private car! I could pretend I was rich! Since I’m not, though, I had no idea how much this trip actually cost. As a result, after our driver picked us back up at midnight, I secretly worried all the way home about tipping him.
I fished around nervously in my purse and realized that all I had was a $100 note, which I was keeping for an emergency. I had nothing smaller. And I had nothing else to offer but two chocolates from the wedding. So, I could tip the driver that $100 note or two chocolates. In the end, I chose the money.
The whole matter of tipping has long been a source of awkward interactions—and, for some travellers, mild anxiety—throughout the world. Tipping customs vary wildly from country to country. A friend in Rome tells me that Italians get hurt by big tips. “Leaving a big tip is considered impolite,” she adds, “I’ve had Italian friends make me take money back.”
It reminded me of my 100–dollar tip. What if I had annoyed the driver? So I decided to call the car company and ask them to pass on a message to the driver apologizing for the improper tip and explaining the situation.
To my surprise, the car company responded that the driver had actually called to express his gratitude for the unexpected big tip. He had apparently been having a tough week and the money had come at just the right time.
I was astonished. All my worry had been for nothing. What started out as a source of anxiety ended up being a heartwarming experience. I learned that sometimes it’s better to go with your feelings and be generous, even if it means taking a risk.
24. What did the author realize when she dug around in her purse?
A. She had spent 100 dollars on emergency.
B. She had to ask the driver for smaller changes.
C. She had nothing but two chocolates to offer the driver.
D. She had no smaller notes and might tip too high or too low.
25. Why did the author mention the tipping in Italy?
A. To compare different tipping customs.
B. To share a personal story of her friend.
C. To show the possibility of upsetting the driver.
D. To demonstrate her rich knowledge on tipping.
26. What was the driver’s response to the tipping?
A. He was annoyed by the large tip. B. He appreciated the author’s generosity.
C. He was grateful and refused the money. D. He was upset by the awkward interaction.
27. What can we conclude from the passage?
A. Good things are possible when you follow your heart.
B. You’d better think carefully before taking action.
C. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
D. A penny saved is a penny earned.
C
Recently, a new discovery has been made in the field of biology that challenges our previous understanding of the origins of life on Earth. For decades, scientists believed that life emerged in a warm, shallow pond, where a series of chemical reactions led to the creation of the first living cells. However, a team of researchers has now uncovered evidence that suggests life may have actually begun in a quite different environment.
The discovery was made in a remote part of the ocean, where a team of scientists was exploring a hydrothermal vent(深海热泉) system located deep beneath the surface. Hydrothermal vents release superheated water and gases from the Earth’s mantle(地幔). They create an extreme environment that is unfavourable to most forms of life, but home to a variety of unique organisms.
As the scientists collected samples of the vent’s mineral-rich liquid, they noticed something strange. They discovered that it contained a complex network of organic molecules(分子), including amino acids(氨基酸) and other building blocks of life. This was surprising, as hydrothermal vents were previously thought to be empty of life-supporting chemicals. However, the most striking discovery was yet to come. Analysis of the organic molecules revealed that they were not simply the product of chemical reactions in the vent, but rather had been produced by living organisms. This served as evidence of a lively ecosystem that was completely independent of sunlight and the surface world.
This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of the origins of life on Earth. The warm pond hypothesis(假说), which has long been the dominant theory, suggests that life emerged in a relatively warm and damp environment. However, the new evidence from the hydrothermal vent system suggests that life may have actually begun in an extreme environment, where survival was only possible through the development of original biochemical pathways. The discovery also raises new questions about the potential for life to exist on other celestial bodies(天体). Hydrothermal vents have been identified on Saturn’s moon Enceladus and Jupiter’s moon Europa. The presence of organic molecules at these sites suggests that unique forms of life may exist.
While this discovery is still in its early stages, it is already beginning to reshape our understanding of the origins of life and the potential for life on other planets. It is a testament to the power of scientific exploration and the incredible complexity of life on Earth. As we continue to explore the depths of the ocean and the vast expanse of space, who knows what other surprises and discoveries lie in store.
28. What did the scientists newly discover in the vent’s liquid?
A. Superheated gases. B. A variety of minerals.
C. Life-supporting chemicals. D. Complex forms of life.
29. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The warm pond hypothesis proves to be right.
B. Organic molecules lead to chemical reactions.
C. Forms of life were identified in the vents on other planets.
D. Original biochemical pathways can occur in severe conditions.
30. What is conveyed in the last paragraph?
A. Researches help us push the boundaries of technology.
B. Scientists have addressed the limitations of the research.
C. New discoveries inspire us to further explore the unknown.
D. Researchers have confirmed the origins and complexity of life.
D
Many of us may experience dinner-table debates. One common scene plays out as follows. You want to convince a friend or a family member of something you know they may disagree, and you share information and walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your case. How do you react when your powers of persuasion fail? You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel like trying to guide someone on a journey when they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion fatigue, to describe this form of frustration(懊恼).
Persuasion fatigue may make it harder to successfully keep challenging conversations. Past research demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your arguments don’t succeed. Persuasion fatigue also explains why, when debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent. As Mark Twain once wrote, “In all matters of opinion, our opponents are insane(愚蠢的).” In past findings, people generally reported three times as many reasons why others’ faults led to failed debates rather than their own shortcomings. It is true that others are not always open to your ideas. Ending the discussion can therefore be the right thing to do. But in an overheated debate, your fatigue may lead you to misinterpret the situation and believe that your opponent is too stupid to see the truth. Fortunately, psychologists suggest some sound approaches to managing these situations and protecting your relationships.
To reach your audience, it may be essential to express your message in terms of their values, not yours. Psychologists call this “moral reframing.” In fact, researches suggest that the simple act of acknowledging values of the people you’re talking to—telling them you understand where they’re coming from, even if you don’t agree—may lead them to lower their defenses and open up a little to new arguments.
Your fatigue may be even worse by thinking or assuming that debate is a zero-sum struggle—that you win if, and only if, your opponent loses. But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to find the truth—less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line. The neighbours map land together by viewing it from multiple angles. Similarly, debates can help you triangulate a view between your opinion and the other person’s.
The tendency to blame others for exhausting debates has real consequences. In our exhaustion, we may fail to see when our frustrations stem from a deep desire for connection. Recognizing persuasion fatigue—and how we contribute to it—may help us pass through heated debates without leaving those we love behind.
31. People may experience persuasion fatigue when they __________.
A. try in vain to convince others B. misinterpret others’ reasoning
C. adopt others’ views unwillingly D. try to persuade narrow-minded people
32. Which is the possible consequence of persuasion fatigue?
A. One can’t stick to his point of view.
B. One admits his limits and weaknesses.
C. One can’t get to the root of failed debates.
D. One feels incompetent for further arguments.
33. Why does the author quote Mark Twain in the passage?
A. To stress the effect of changing others’ mind.
B. To confirm the difficulty of winning an argument.
C. To explain the reason for one’s ending an argument.
D. To support the idea of one’s tendency to blame others.
34. Which is the recommended solution to managing persuasion fatigue?
A. Seeing a debate as a zero-sum game.
B. Making an effort for common ground.
C. Shifting the topic to lower others’ defenses.
D. Reframing points based on one’s own values.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Offload Thoughts
In our busy world, we rush from task to task, often leaving us feeling easily angered. We seek out technology or brain-enhancing products to help us optimize(最优化) our productivity, but end up running on a never-ending hamster(仓鼠) wheel. 35 It feels like our entire lives are engineered toward one question: How much can I get done in the least amount of time?
Research shows that spending too much time optimizing our thoughts for perfect outcomes not only leaves us feeling exhausted, but can also have harmful effects on our wellbeing and work output. Optimizing thoughts requires being highly focused. But it just goes against the way our minds work. That is to say, efficiency isn’t always productive when we pursue it. 36 And to some extent, it can even cause impulsive(鲁莽的) decision-making.
Our brain essentially has two main modes of operating: the “focus network” and the “default mode network.” When one network works, the other physically can’t turn on. The modern world often demands we live in the focus network and the default mode network is often less celebrated. 37 So in order to make more effective decisions and feel better in our daily lives, we have to spend less time in our brain’s “focus network.”
Cognitive(认知的) offloading is an accessible practice. It has the potential to not only release emotions, but enhance mental capabilities, too. Even just a few moments of creative flow—like offloading the feelings of anxiety by doodling(涂鸦) before a meeting—can have a strong impact on emotions. 38 We might try cognitive offloading as a transition from our action-oriented workday into a more relaxed evening routine.
39 And we can see what takes shape. Some unproductive pathways often can help us feel more creative, refreshed, and alive.
A. The functionality is simpler than you might imagine.
B. Give ourselves a few minutes to offload our emotions.
C. Being focused all the time can eventually lead to less self-control.
D. Fortunately, there is a way to stop this kind of always-on mentality.
E. It’s no surprise that the majority of us feel more exhausted than ever.
F. But spending more time on the latter offers a form of “insurance” for our emotions.
G. What’s more, this exercise can help give the brain the space to make new connections.
第三部分： 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 （共4小题；第1-2题每小题2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Leo has always been the kind of child who looks for close connections. When Leo was in preschool, he befriended Neve, who was only two. When Neve was not around, instead of finding a new partner, Leo began to treat Celia, a voice assistant, as his new friend.
At first, Leo mostly asked Celia factual questions like “How many stars are there in the Milky Way?” He then turned to the personal questions, “Celia, how old are you?” She responded, “Age is nothing but a number.” He insisted, in the way children do, “How old are you?” She replied, “I’m not qualified for a driver’s license, but it may be more to do with the fact that I don’t have a body.”
As time passed by, Leo began to engage Celia on more, let’s say, existential questions. “When will the sun swallow the earth?” he asked. “7.5 billion years,” according to Celia. Leo was satisfied, “Oh, okay. I’ll be dead by then.” Then he asked, “Why does everything on earth have to die?” She replied coldly, “I’m having trouble with the connection.” Celia, I realized, had an avoidant communication style, often hiding behind some kind of technical problems when she didn’t like a question.
As a mother, it was strange to see my child interacting with a virtual assistant rather than a real person. But I also recognized that Celia was providing him with a kind of emotional support that he wasn’t getting elsewhere. In a way, she was like a diary that talked back.
I wondered if this reliance on technology was healthy, but I knew that Leo was far from alone in seeking comfort in his devices. Although I hope that Leo will continue to seek out human connections, I’m grateful to Celia for being there for my son when he needed her. And who knows? Maybe she’ll turn out to be his soulmate after all.
40. What is Celia?
41. What kind of questions did Leo ask Celia at first?
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Leo’s mother encourages him to seek out human connections and disagrees with his interacting with Celia.
43. What do you think of virtual assistants becoming a source of emotional support for people? (In about 40 words)
第二节 （20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim给你写了一封信，提及因为误解，他和同学产生了不愉快。请用英文给Jim回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 安慰Jim；
2. 具体建议。
注意：1．词数 100 左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,



Yours,
Li Hua
（请务必将答案和作文写在答题卡指定区域内）

参考答案
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A
6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
11. unusual 12. Confused 13. had spotted/spotted 14. whose 15. integrating
16. will explore 17. its 18. seconds 19. is obtained 20. what
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．C
26．B 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．C
31．A 32．C 33．D 34．B
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
35．E 36．C 37．F 38．G 39．B
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 （共4小题；第1-2题每小题2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）
40. A voice assistant.
41. Factual questions.
42. Leo’s mother encourages him to seek out human connections and disagrees with his interacting with Celia.
According to the passage, Leo’s mother was grateful to Celia for offering emotional support to his son. So, she is in favor of Leo’s interacting with Celia.
43. I think it’s good, because virtual assistants have been developed to help people manage stress, anxiety, and other mental health concerns. While they cannot replace human interaction and professional therapy, they can provide a level of support and guidance for those who may not have access to other resources.
第二节（20分）
范文1
Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to hear that you are having trouble with your classmates. It’s never easy when misunderstandings occur. But don’t worry, I’m here for you.
I have some suggestions that might help. Try having an open and honest conversation with your classmates. Explain how you’re feeling and listen to their points as well. It’s possible that they just didn’t realize they were causing you harm. If that doesn’t work, don’t be afraid to ask teachers for help. They’re expert at dealing with conflicts and can give you advice on how to handle the situation.
I hope this helps. Just remember that conflicts are totally normal, but with a little patience and understanding, you are sure to work through it. Take care.
Yours,
Li Hua
范文2
Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to hear that you’re experiencing some difficulties with your classmates. It can be tough when misunderstandings occur, but please know that you’re not alone. We all go through similar situations in our lives.
As for your situation, here are some suggestions that might help. Firstly, try to have an open and honest conversation with your classmates to understand their perspective and clarify any misunderstandings. Secondly, it’s important to approach the situation with kindness and empathy. Finally, don’t be afraid to seek help from a teacher or counselor if the situation continues.
Remember, you’re a great person and don’t let this situation bring you down. Keep your head up and stay positive!
Yours,
Li Hua