精品解析：重庆市第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

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英语
其次部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A, B, C, D)中选出最佳选项。
A
PRINT PRODUCTION MANAGER WANTED
A famous printing company, now well established in the UK and in the Far East, wishes to set up a manufacturing base in Europe. An experienced manager, responsible to the Production Director, is required to assist in setting up the department and will then take charge of the day-to-day work.
The successful applicant will have had experience of modern methods and machines especially in the printing, multicolour work and finishing processes. He / She will have had at least three years’ experience in cost-effective management. A good working knowledge of English is essential.
We offer excellent pay and prospects, with 4 weeks’ holiday a year plus public holidays, a company car, and a company pension scheme(养老金制度).
Interviews will be arranged in the nearest city to the applicant’s home.
Write, with CV, to the Personnel Manager, Box 32507, Daily News, Kemsworth Street, Comston. United Kingdom SG186 37AH.
ASSISTANT PRINT PRODUCTION MANAGER
An internationally recognized printing company is seeking to set up a manufacturing plant in Europe.
We are appointing an assistant (male or female) to our Print Production Manager.
The job-holder will carry out duties involving the buying of paper and of finishing equipment, will liaise (联络) with the supervisors of the various production lines, and will assist the Production Manager.
At least three years’ experience on one or more lines as well as supervisory experience is needed.
A working knowledge of English is required to communicate with colleagues in the UK.
We offer excellent pay, prospects, holidays, pension scheme, sick pay, etc.
Write to the Manager, Box 3526. Broad Street, Northby, Millshire BK 57PX.
1. What do the two printing companies have in common?
A. They are well-known all over the world
B. They offer excellent pay and sick pay
C. They require at least three years’ experience
D. They prefer to hire a man manager
2. According to the first advertisement, what will the applicant living in a small village do?
A. write to Box 3526 to get more information about this job
B. get the result on TV
C. be interviewed in a city
D. get in touch with the Personnel Manager by telephone
3. What can we infer from the two advertisements?
A. The companies want to do business in Europe and the Far East.
B. Applicants should write to the company first.
C. The companies haven’t got telephones to save money.
D. Cars are necessary for the successful applicants.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【分析】本文属于应用文。文章是两则招聘启事，第一则是招聘印刷经理以及对应聘者的要求。另一个是招聘是招聘印刷经理助理以及对应聘者的要求。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一则信息的“He / She will have had at least three years’ experience in cost-effective management. ”（他/她将具有至少三年的成本效益管理经验。）和第二则信息的“At least three years’ experience on one or more lines as well as supervisory experience is needed.”（在一个或多个行业至少三年的工作经验，以及管理经验）可知，这两则应聘的共同之处是至少三年的工作经验。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一则信息的“Interviews will be arranged in the nearest city to the applicant’s home.”（面试将安排在离申请人家最近的城市。）可知，住在小村庄的申请人会在城市里面试。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一则信息的“Write, with CV, to the Personnel Manager, Box 32507, Daily News, Kemsworth Street, Comston. United Kingdom SG186 37AH.”（写好简历，寄给人事部经理，地址是科姆斯顿肯姆斯沃斯街《每日新闻》32507号信箱。英国SG186 37AH。）和第二则信息的“Write to the Manager, Box 3526. Broad Street, Northby, Millshire BK 57PX.”（写信给3526号信箱的经理。宽街，Northby，米尔郡BK 57PX。）可知，这两个广告应聘者应该先给公司写信。故选B。
B
A long time ago, on neighboring farms lived two brothers. But disagreement arose between them. It was the first serious one between them in 40 years of farming peacefully side by side. In the end, they fell apart.
One morning, a man with a carpenter’s toolbox came for some work. The elder brother said, “I just have a job for you. Look at that farm across the creek(河沟). My younger brother lives there. It was he who used his bulldozer(推土机) to dig the creek last week to upset me. So I want you to build me a fence, an 8-foot-high fence so I won’t see his place any more.” The carpenter smiled and said, “I see. I’ll try to do a wonderful job that satisfies you.” Then the elder brother left and went downtown.
At sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmer’s jaw dropped open when he saw what the carpenter had done. To his surprise, there was no fence there at all! Instead, there was a bridge stretching from one side of the creek to the other! What a piece of work! He saw his younger brother coming up to him with the hands outstretching. “You are quite a man to build this bridge after all I have said and done to you! ” The brothers stood at each end of the bridge, and then they met in the middle, taking each other’s hands. When they turned to see the carpenter, he was lifting his toolbox on his shoulder, ready to leave. “No, wait! Stay a few days. I’ve a lot of other work for you,” said the elder brother. “I’d love to stay on,” the carpenter said, “but I have so many more bridges to build.”
4. What was the life like for the two brothers before the disagreement?
A. They lived a poor and miserable life.
B. They were friendly neighbors, helping each other.
C. They never spoke to each other.
D. They lived together on the same farm.
5. It can be learned that the carpenter was ________.
A. clever but untrustworthy B. hardworking and obedient
C. experienced but cold-hearted D. skilled and helpful
6. The best title for this passage is ________.
A. A Fine Piece of Work B. A Clever Carpenter
C. Disagreement between Two Brothers D. Two Brothers
7. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The younger brother used his bulldozer to dig a creek.
B. The elder brother was angry with his younger brother at first.
C. The brothers were both satisfied with the carpenter’s work at last.
D. At first, the carpenter planned to build an 8-foot-high fence as asked to.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位木匠为一对兄弟建了一座桥从而使这对兄弟和好如初的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一自然段“But disagreement arose between them. It was the first serious one between them in 40 years of farming peacefully side by side. (但他们之间产生了分歧。这是他们和平共处40年以来的第一次重大冲突。) ”由此可推断出，在出现这次分歧之前，兄弟两人和睦相处，互帮互助。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一个自然段“At sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job.（日落时分，农夫回来时，木匠刚刚完成了他的工作。）”以及“What a piece of work! He saw his younger brother coming up to him with the hands outstretching. (多么了不起的工作啊!他看见弟弟向他走来，伸出双手。)”和最后一句话“I’d love to stay on, the carpenter said, but I have so many more bridges to build.(我很想留下来，木匠说，但我还有很多桥要建。)”可知木匠仅用一天的时间建好了一座桥，由此可知米浆的技能很熟练；木匠建的桥不仅使兄弟俩和好如初，而且他还准备去帮助更多的人，可推断他是一个乐于助人的人。故选D项。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章内容“But disagreement arose between them.(但他们之间产生了分歧)”， “The carpenter smiled and said, I see. I’ll try to do a wonderful job that satisfies you.(木匠笑着说:我明白了。我会尽力把工作做好让你满意。)”“ At sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job.( 日落时分，农夫回来时，木匠刚刚完成了他的工作。)”“ Instead, there was a bridge stretching from one side of the creek to the other! What a piece of work! He saw his younger brother coming up to him with the hands outstretching.( 相反，有一座桥从小溪的一边延伸到另一边!多么了不起的工作啊!他看见弟弟向他走来，伸出双手。)”可知，本文讲述了原本两位有矛盾的兄弟，因为一位木匠建造的一座桥而和好如初的故事。通过以上内容可以看出，本文的核心重在赞扬木匠所建造的这座桥，因为这座桥而让两兄弟消除了矛盾，堪称“一件精美的作品”。故选A项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二自然段“I see. I’ll try to do a wonderful job that satisfies you.(我明白了。我会尽力把工作做好让你满意。)”以及最后一自然段“To his surprise, there was no fence there at all! Instead, there was a bridge stretching from one side of the creek to the other!(令他惊讶的是，那里根本没有栅栏!相反，有一座桥从小溪的一边延伸到另一边!)”说明木匠一开始想要建造一座桥已解决两兄弟之间的矛盾，而不是去建一堵墙。D项表述错误。故选D项。
C
The English expect each other to observe the rules of queuing, feel highly offended(冒犯) when these rules are broken, but lack the confidence or social skills to express their annoyance in a straightforward manner. In other countries, this is not a problem: in America, where a queue-jumper has committed a kind of rudeness rather than a sin(罪过), the response is a loud warning: the offender is simply told “Hey, you, get back in line!” or words to that effect. On the European continent, the reaction tends to be loud and argumentative; in some other parts of the world, queue-jumpers are likely to get away with the offense. Only rarely do the English actually speak up and tell the jumper to go to the back of the queue.
Queuing is almost a national pastime for the English, who automatically arrange themselves into orderly lines at bus stops, shop counters, ice-cream vans, entrances, exits and lifts.
In 1946, a Hungarian humorist described queuing as English “national passion”. “On the continent,” he said, “if people are waiting at a bus stop they walk around in a seemingly relaxed fashion. When the bus arrives they run towards it quickly… An Englishman, even if he is alone, forms an orderly queue of one.” In an update over thirty years later in 1977 he confirmed that this was still the case. After nearly another thirty years nothing much seems to have changed.
In many cases in Britain, queue-jumping is effectively prevented by non-verbal signals alone. When someone is considering jumping a queue, the queuers will start looking at him sideways, through narrowed, suspicious eyes. Then they move a bit closer to the person in front of them, just in case the jumper might try to insert himself in the gap. Frowns, glares and raised eyebrows—accompanied by heavy sighs, pointed coughs—are usually the worst that the person will suffer if he jumps a queue. Faced with all this the jumper will think better of it and retreat to the back of the queue.
8. According to paragraph 1, in England, queue-jumping is ________.
A. a common practice in many public places
B. a serious social problem in modern times
C. warned and prevented by shouting and pushing.
D. tolerated though it is considered highly offensive.
9. By quoting the description of a Hungarian humorist, the author intends to show ________.
A. queuing is a kind of automatic behavior for Englishmen
B. Englishmen are stubborn and too strict with themselves
C. other Europeans are more open-minded than Englishman
D. queuing is essential in keeping the public in order
10. According to the author, queue-jumping can usually be stopped ________.
A. by shouting and loud warning
B. with a confident and aggressive attitude
C. by using body language that shows annoyance
D. with signs of public rules
11. What is the author’s tone in writing this passage?
A. Indifferent. B. Humorous. C. Subjective. D. Objective.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国人在各种场合均会自发排队， 且对插队的行为，他们缺少以直接的方式表达愤怒的信心或社交技巧，他们经常用肢体语言来阻止插队者。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一自然段第一句话“The English expect each other to observe the rules of queuing, feel highly offended(冒犯) when these rules are broken, but lack the confidence or social skills to express their annoyance in a straightforward manner.(英国人期望彼此遵守排队规则，当这些规则被打破时，他们会感到非常生气，但缺乏自信或社交技巧，无法直接表达他们的不满。)”可知，在英国尽管人们会对插队这种行为感到生气，但不会直接表达不满，而是会容忍下去。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Queuing is almost a national pastime for the English, who automatically arrange themselves into orderly lines at bus stops, shop counters, ice-cream vans, entrances, exits and lifts.(对英国人来说，排队几乎是一种全国性的娱乐活动，他们会在公共汽车站、商店柜台、冰淇淋车、出入口和电梯前自动排成有序的队伍。)”和第三段“An Englishman, even if he is alone, forms an orderly queue of one.(一个英国人，即使只有他一个人，也会井然有序地排成一队。)”可知，作者引用匈牙利作家的话是为了证明第二段中的观点，即排队对英国人来说是一种自发性的行为。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一个自然段“In many cases in Britain, queue-jumping is effectively prevented by non-verbal signals alone.(在英国，许多情况下，通过利用一些肢体语言可以有效阻止插队。)”可知，通过肢体语言表达愤怒，可有效阻止插队。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The English expect each other to observe the rules of queuing, feel highly offended(冒犯) when these rules are broken, but lack the confidence or social skills to express their annoyance in a straightforward manner.(英国人期望彼此遵守排队规则，当这些规则被打破时，他们会感到非常生气，但缺乏自信或社交技巧，无法直接表达他们的不满。)”和最后一段“In many cases in Britain, queue-jumping is effectively prevented by non-verbal signals alone.(在英国，许多情况下，通过利用一些肢体语言可以有效阻止插队。)”及全文内容可知，作者在本文中客观描述了英国人对插队的反应这一事情。故选D项。
D
Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all, I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn’t realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As 1 flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.
I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness sand said, we need to put the landing gear down now! That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.
CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn’t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I’m in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from landing gear up.
12. What does the author say about doctors in general?
A. They like flying by themselves.
B. They are quick learners of CRM.
C. They pretend to be good pilots.
D. They are unwilling to take advice.
13. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when .
A. his boss landed the plane too late
B. he was in charge of a flying task
C. he saved the plane by speaking up
D. his boss operated on a patient
14. In the last paragraph landing gear up probably means .
A. following flying requirements
B. making a mistake that may cost lives
C. listening to what fellow doctors say
D. overreacting to different opinions
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe
B. A Pilot-Turned Doctor
C. The Making of a Good Pilot
D. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者从自己的一次飞行经历中学会了一个道理：一个人不论职位高低，为了所有人的安全，都要敢于表达自己的意见。从而使自己成了一名更好的医生。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段前两句话“Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all.（医生都是糟糕的飞行员。他们不听是因为他们已经知道了一切。）”以及最后一段第二句话“It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite...which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.（它进一步要求，当意见相反时，医生不能反应过度，这可能会防止其他医生再次发表意见。）”可知，医生们不愿听取别人的意见。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第五句话“He was so busy because of the bad turn，he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down.（他太忙了，因为转弯不好，他忘了放下起落架。
）”及后面的“Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness sand said, we need to put the landing gear down now! That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.（我们的生命处于危险之中。我放下忐忑不安的心情说，我们现在必须放下起落架!这是我第一次真正体会到客户关系管理的力量，从那以后我就在手术室里使用它。）”可知，如果不是作者及时提醒，飞机及机上人员都很危险。故选C。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“So when I’m in the operating room...someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”．（所以当我在手术室里的时候，我就会向别人寻求建议和帮助。有时他们不愿意说出来。但我希望如果我继续鼓励他们，总有一天会有人阻止我起飞。）”可知，landing gear up指的是那次飞行中犯严重错误，故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Doctors are known to be terrible pilots…but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.（医生都是糟糕的飞行员。他们不听，因为他们已经什么都知道了，我很幸运:我在1970年成为一名飞行员，大约十年后我从医学院毕业。我当时并没有意识到，成为一名飞行员会让我成为一名更好的外科医生。）”可知，作者通过一次飞行经历学会了一个道理，从而成了一名更好的医生。故选D。
其次节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10 分)
依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips on Young Adult Life
As you grow rapidly through your teenage years, you will experience a lot of changes. The changes may seem difficult. ___16___ Don’t panic! You will deal successfully with them! You are a young adult now!
With more responsibility, you will find more freedom to make your own choices. This is a time to be well informed about making choices. In this way you can make healthy balanced decisions. ___17___ You may already know your career path or you may have no idea at all what you want to do. Both situations are fine! Work hard and the right opportunity will show itself to you.
Young adulthood means greater freedom and more choices. ___18___ But try not to shut your family out of your life. You should learn to think of others even though you are old enough to look after yourself.
It is also perfectly natural at this time for you to spend more time with your friends than your family. ___19___ A true friend will stand by you no matter what happens.
This period is a part of the life cycle. There are some people who will be with you throughout life’s journey. There will be some people with whom you part and go separate ways. Leaving school can be hard. The reality is that you may not even see all of your classmates again.
You are a young adult. It is your life. No one can live it for you. ___20___ So making the right choices will be important to you. Life is for living. Enjoy your life wisely!
A. Choose your friends wisely.
B. They may seem to happen quickly.
C. They will help shape the future.
D. You may appreciate what you have in your own life.
E. You will probably want to be independent.
F. The choices that you make from now on will be your choices.
G. Your family has been with you since you came into this world.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述青少年在成长过程中都需要经历的过程：要学会承担责任，要学会独立，要懂得自己做出正确的选择。只有经历了这些，我们才会真正长大，才能懂得明智地享受生活。
【16题详解】
由后面的句子Don’t panic! You will deal successfully with them! You are a young adult now!可知，他们可能好像发生很快，故选B。
【17题详解】
由前面的句子In this way you can make healthy balanced decisions提到，在青少年时期，要了解一些能帮助自己做出决定的建议，这样才能做出正确平衡的决定；再根据下一句You may already know your career path or you may have no idea at all what you want to do. Both situations are fine! Work hard and the right opportunity will show itself to you.可知，做决定关系到你未来的职业前途，故C项（它们（即那些正确的决定）将要帮助塑造未来）承上启下，故选C。
【18题详解】
根据前句Young adulthood means greater freedom and more choices.提到，青春期意味着更多的自由和选择，再根据后面的句子But try not to shut your family out of your life.提到，但是不要将你的家人赶出你的生活，故E项（你将可能想独立一些）承上启下，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据前面句子It is also perfectly natural at this time for you to spend more time with your friends than your family.以及后面句子A true friend will stand by you no matter what happens可知，本段与交朋友有关，故A项（有智慧地选择朋友）符合本段内容，故选A。
【20题详解】
根据前面句子You are a young adult. It is your life. No one can live it for you.可知，你的生活需要你自己做主，再根据后面句子So making the right choices will be important to you.可知，做出正确的选择对你很重要；故F项（从现在开始你所做出的选择就是你的选择）连接上下文，与下文形成因果关系。故选F。
第三部分 英语学问运用(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
The Japanese have always loved fresh fish. But the ____21____ close to Japan have not held many fish for decades. So to ____22____ the Japanese population, fishing boats got bigger and went a longer way than ever.
The ____23____ the fishermen went the longer it took to bring in the fish. If the return trip ____24____ more time, the fish were not fresh.
To settle this____25____, fish companies installed (安装) freezers on their boats. They would catch the fish and freeze them at sea. Freezers ____26____ the boats to go farther and stay longer.
____27____, the Japanese could taste the difference ____28____ the fresh and the frozen fish. And they did not like the taste of the frozen fish. The frozen fish brought a lower ____29____. So, the fishing companies installed fish tanks. They would catch the fish and put them in the tanks, fin to fin. After struggling for some time, they stopped moving and became ____30____ and dull. Days later, they lost their fresh-fish taste. The fishing industry ____31____ a coming economic crisis!
But today, they get fresh-tasting fish to Japan. How did they____32____ ? To keep the fish tasting fresh, the Japanese fishing companies ____33____ put the fish in the tanks but with a small shark. The fish are challenged and therefore are constantly on the ____34____. The challenger they face keeps them ____35____ and fresh!
Have you ____36____ that some of us are also living in a pond but most of the time not active or awake? So we need ____37____, which, basically in our life, are new challenges, to keep us awake and moving. If you are steadily ____38____ challenges, you are happy. “Your challenges keep you ____39____ and fresh. Don’t create success and enjoy it in a state of ____40____ . You have the resources, skills and abilities to make a difference.”
21. A. islands B. waters C. towns D. tanks
22. A. feed B. satisfy C. reduce D. increase
23. A. slower B. longer C. farther D. faster
24. A. wasted B. spent C. took D. saved
25. A. quarrel B. problem C. conflict D. argument
26. A. encouraged B. advised C. forced D. allowed
27. A. However B. Thus C. Besides D. Otherwise
28. A. through B. between C. among D. beyond
29. A. price B. value C. cost D. money
30. A. surprised B. puzzled C. tired D. excited
31. A. stopped B. avoided C. built D. faced
32. A. change B. follow C. manage D. exist
33. A. already B. even C. also D. still
34. A. move B. march C. mend D. rise
35. A. alone B. sleepy C. alive D. alike
36. A. promised B. realized C. predicted D. remembered
37. A. wolves B. lions C. tigers D. sharks
38. A. overcoming B. collecting C. obeying D. searching
39. A. curious B. independent C. energetic D. gentle
40. A. thankfulness B. sadness C. stillness D. weakness
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文属于说明文。日本人喜欢吃鱼，但随着附近海域的鱼几乎没有了，人们开始到更远的地方去捕鱼，结果鱼就不新鲜了。文章介绍了他们为了让鱼新鲜，采用了各种方法。由此，引申到我们人也是如此，要不断的克服挑战，让自己充满活力。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但日本附近的水域已经几十年没有多少鱼了。A. islands岛屿；B. waters海域；C. town近海小镇；D. tanks缸。根据下文的“They would catch the fish and freeze them at sea.”可知，是海域里的鱼。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以为了养活日本人，渔船变得更大，比以往任何时候都要走更远的路。A. feed喂养；B. satisfy满足；C. reduce减少；D. increase增加。根据本句中的“ fishing boats got bigger and went a longer way than ever.”可知，捕鱼是为了给更多的人提供食物。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：渔夫走得越远，捕到鱼的时间就越长。A. slower更慢的；B. longer更长的；C. farther更远的；D. faster更快的。根据句意及下文的“If the return trip…more time, the fish were not fresh.”可知，走的越远，花费的时间越长。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果回程的时间较长，鱼就不新鲜。A. wasted浪费；B. spent花费；C. took占用（时间）；D. saved节约。根据上文“The …the fishermen went”可知，走的远，花费的时间就越多，花费时间用take。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了解决这个问题，渔业公司在船上安装了冰箱。A. quarrel争吵；B. problem问题；C. conflict冲突；D. argument争论。根据上文“If the return trip…more time, the fish were not fresh.”可知，捕回的鱼不新鲜是一个问题。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：冰柜可以让船只走得更远，停留的时间更长。A. encouraged鼓励；B. advised建议；C. forced强迫；D. allowed允许，使有可能。根据句意可知，冰箱能保鲜，使船能走的更远。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，日本人能尝出新鲜鱼和冷冻鱼的区别。A. However然而；B. Thus因此；C. Besides此外；D. Otherwise否则。结合上文“Freezers…the boats to go farther and stay longer.”可知，前后之间是转折关系。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A. through通过；B. between在……之间；C. among在……之间；D. beyond超出。根据空后的“and”可知，这里是“between...and”这一固定结构，用于两者之间。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：冰冻的鱼价格较低。A. price价格；B. value价值；C. cost花费；D. money钱。结合后文的“So, the fishing companies installed fish tanks.”可知，渔业公司用缸储存鱼是因为这样鱼价低。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：挣扎了一段时间后，他们停止了活动，变得又累又闷。A. surprised吃惊的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. tired疲劳的；D. excited兴奋的。根据空后“and dull”及后文的“Days later, they lost their fresh-fish taste.”可知，鱼在缸里挣扎几天之后，会很疲倦，无精打采。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：渔业面临着即将到来的经济危机！A. stopped停止；B. avoided避免；C. built建造；D. faced面临。结合上文语境及根据“After struggling for some time, they stopped moving and became…and dull. Days later, they lost their fresh-fish taste.”可知，去远海捕鱼，鱼不能保持新鲜，捕鱼业面临着经济危机。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们是怎么做到的？A. change改变；B. follow跟随；C. manage处理，设法做到；D. exist存在。上文提到不能使捕到的鱼保持新鲜，根据前一句“But today, they get fresh-tasting fish to Japan. ”可知，此处是问怎么做到的保持鱼的新鲜。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了保持鱼的新鲜口感，日本渔业公司仍然把鱼放在鱼缸里，但加了一条小鲨鱼。A. already已经；B. even甚至；C. also也；D. still仍然。根据上文的“They would catch the fish and put them in the tanks, fin to fin.”可知，此处是指仍然是放到鱼缸里。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：鱼受到挑战，因此不断移动。A. move移动；B. march游行示威；C. mend修理；D. rise上升。根据上文的“but with a small shark.”可知，把鲨鱼放到鱼缸里鱼自然是吓的不断移动。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们面对的挑战者使他们保持活力!A. alone独自；B. sleepy困倦的；C. alive活跃的；D. alike相似的。根据上文“The fish are challenged and therefore are constantly on the”可知，鱼不断的移动可以保持活跃和新鲜。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你有没有意识到，我们中的一些人也生活在池塘里，但大部分时间都不活跃或清醒？A. promised承诺；B. realized意识到；C. predicted预测；D. remembered记住。根据上文的“After struggling for some time, they stopped moving and became…and dull. Days later, they lost their fresh-fish taste. ” 可知，此处是引申到我们人也是这样，长时间生活在池塘里也会失去活力。因此，用“意识到”最合语境。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我们需要鲨鱼，它们在我们的生活中是新的挑战，让我们保持清醒和行动。A. wolves狼；B. lions狮子；C. tigers老虎；D. sharks鲨鱼。根据上文的“but with a small shark.”可知，我们需要的是像鱼缸里的鲨鱼。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你能稳定地克服挑战，你就会快乐。A. overcoming克服；B. collecting收集；C. obeying遵循；D. searching寻找。根据句中的“you are happy”可知，是克服了挑战。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：挑战会让你精力充沛、精神饱满。A. curious好奇的；B. independent独立的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. gentle温柔的。根据上文的“The challenger they face keeps them…and fresh!”可知，挑战是你保持精力充沛。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要在静止状态中创造成功并享受它。A. thankfulness感激；B. sadness悲伤；C. stillness静止；D. weakness虚弱。根据上文“Your challenges keep you…and fresh.”并结合上文鱼在鲨鱼的挑战下不断移动因此保持活力和新鲜，可知，我们不能静止在那不动。故选C。
其次节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)(原创)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A young man presented himself to the local expert on gems and said he wanted to learn from him and become ____41____ expert on gems, too. The expert refused to teach him because he feared that the youth would not have the ____42____(patient) to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally the expert agreed and told the youth, “Be here tomorrow.”
The next morning the expert put a jade stone in the boy’s hand and told him to hold ____43____. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing, and setting gems. The boy sat ____44____(quiet) and waited.
The following morning the expert again placed the jade stone in the youth’s hand and asked him to do the same thing. On the third, fourth, and ____45____(five) day the expert repeated the exercise and the instructions.
On the sixth day the youth held the jade stone, but could no longer stand the silence. “Master,” he asked, “when am I going to learn something?”
“You’ll learn,” the expert ____46____(reply) and then occupied himself ____47____ his own business.
Several more days went by and the youth felt deeply ____48____(depress). One morning as the expert approached and signed to him to hold out his hand, he was about to say that he couldn’t go on any longer. ____49____as the master placed the stone in the youth’s hand, the young man exclaimed without looking at his hand, “This is not the same jade stone!”
“You ____50____(begin) to learn,” said the master.
【答案】41. an 42. patience 43. it
44. quietly
45. fifth 46. replied
47. with 48. depressed
49. But 50. have begun
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个年轻人向当地的宝石专家学习的故事。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：年轻人向当地的宝石专家介绍自己，说他想向他学习，也成为一名宝石专家。分析句意可知，此处用不定冠词修饰名词expert泛指“一名”专家，符合语境，且名词expert的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：专家拒绝教他，因为他担心这个年轻人没有耐心学习。分析句意再根据空格前的the可知，此处用提示词的名词形式。故填patience。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：第二天早上，专家把一块玉石放在男孩手里，让他拿着。根据上文“the expert put a jade stone in the boy’s hand(专家把一块玉石放在男孩手里)”可知，空格处用代词it指代上文出现的a jade stone符合语境。故填it。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：男孩静静地坐着等着。分析句式结构可知，此处应该用副词修饰动词sat，所以空格处用提示词的副词形式。故填quietly。
45题详解】
考查序数词。句意：第三天，第四天，第五天，专家重复练习和指示。根据上文的third和 fourth可知，空格处也应该用提示词的序数词形式。故填fifth。
【46题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：“你会知道的，”专家回答说，然后就开始忙自己的事了。分析句意再根据下文的occupied可知，本句的时态应该用一般过去时。故填replied。
【47题详解】
考查介词。句意：同上。分析句意再根据下文的occupied可知，此处用介词with构成固定搭配occupy sb with sth表示“使某人忙于某事”符合语境。故填with。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意：又过了几天，年轻人感到非常沮丧。分析句意再根据系动词felt可知，空格处应该用Ved形式的形容词作表语来表达“年轻人”的感觉。故填depressed。
【49题详解】
考查连词。句意：但当主人把石头放在年轻人手中时，年轻人看都没看自己手就叫了起来：“这不是原来的那块玉石！”分析句意可知，此处上下文之间是转折关系，所以连词but表转折关系，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填But。
【50题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：“你已经开始学习了，”老师说。分析句意可知，此处表示动作发生在过去，随现在产生了影响，所以本句的时态用现在完成时符合语境。故填have begun。
第三节 书面表达(满分20分)
51. 假如你是新华中学的学生李华，你的美国朋友Tom一周前给你发电子邮件，询问你暑假里的打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。请根据双下要点给他回封邮件：
1.未及时回信的原因；
2.你假期的打算（如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等）
注意：1 词数：120-150；
2 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Tom,
How is everything going? I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of answering your letter in time. You know, I’ve been preparing for the final exams these days, so I forgot to write back. In your letter, you asked me for my plans on summer vacation. Now, I am writing to tell you some specific details.
Overall, three things will make my summer vacation meaningful. To start with, doing a part-time job is my dream and I intend to work as a salesman because not only can I earn money by myself, but also it will broaden my horizons. In addition, it is a fabulous choice to visit some famous scenic spots such as Mount Tai during the vacation, in order to enjoy appealing scenery and make more friends. What is more, doing voluntary work, I think, will make a great contribution to the society, which is able to enrich my life.
I sincerely apologize again for my mistake. By the way, what’s your plan to spend your summer vacation? I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本书面表达考查提纲类作文。
【详解】整体来看，今年山东卷作文难度不大，沿袭了山东卷提纲类书信体作文的传统，题干依然保持“字数虽少，但信息量不小”的特点，写作试题的考查上体现了命题人稳中求变和创新的原则。
今年山东卷考查的书信类型，而为了考查考生审题能力，命题人并没有把如“感谢”、“道歉”、“建议”、“申请”等明显的字眼放在题中，而是通过考查学生对题干的审题能力暗示学生此书信体作文应大体包含道歉和告知两个方面。因此文章的主干部分要先表示歉意、解释原因，后写假期的打算。
从写作要点和得分点来看，考生应在宏观上把握书信体写作的要求，如格式、文体等，写作段落以三段式为宜，首段体现问候、写信背景等，尾段再次致歉、也可询问Tom暑假里的打算，体现书信体的交际性；而中间段具体交待未及时回信的原因、假期的打算。考生在微观层面上应具体把握写作的内容和语言，做到句子之间有效的连接，长短句结合，多用doing及物做主语，句子加半句原因、结果、目的等具体细节的解释、利用简单而有效的中文思路扩展英文细节。考生若能在写作部分做到内容充实符合要求、语言精彩与众不同、结构清晰一目了然，相信这样的文章能让考生获得一个相对满意的成绩。
【点睛】此范文表达流畅，语言优美，内容全面，符合题目要求。其中值得学习的句型有：不定式作目的状语：To start with, doing a part-time job is my dream and I intend to work as a salesman because not only can I earn money by myself, but also it will broaden my horizons. 非谓语动词和定语从句：What is more, doing voluntary work, I think, will make a great contribution to the society, which is able to enrich my life.
【学科网2014考生备考建议】
高考写作题目重在考查学生对英语语言的运用，建议新高三的考生能够树立学习写作的意识，加强课上课后的练习，总结常见的写作方法，在考试当中体现应有的实力。
【考点定位】今年的书面表达题目延续山东省一贯的提纲作文命题习惯，时隔一年之后重新回到“书信题”的大框架中，考了一篇“以道歉信为外衣，以活动安排为主体段”的提纲作文，相当于10年山东卷(道歉信)和07年四川卷(假期安排)和合体。这种作文是我们平时经常练习的，因此套路很完善、套话很丰富。此外，本文中需要同学们翻译的难句不多，因此，只要在备考过程中有意识地了解过高考英语作文的提分方法，掌握了常用的亮点词汇、加分句型和过渡词，并加以针对性训练，这道题目应该不难写。
【经典套路】第一段：问候+写信背景+写信目的
第二段：“道歉”部分(相当于“写信背景”)
第三段：“假期安排”部分
第四段：补充说明+客套话