2022-2023学年湖北省武汉市部分学校联合体高二（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）

这是一份2022-2023学年湖北省武汉市部分学校联合体高二（下）期末英语试卷（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年湖北省武汉市部分学校联合体高二（下）期末英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
The Best Way to Nap
A study published in the journal Heart found a link between healthy napping （打盹）and a lowered risk of heart disease.The American Psychological Association points out that naps can improve memory，learning capacity and mood.Sara Med nick，PhD，a neuroscience at the University of California explains that when you fall asleep，your body moves through stages that each play a role in health.Ideal napping times are based around this four-stage cycle.

Stage 1
the"dozing off"（打瞌睡）period
Stage 2
muscles，heart rate and brain activity slow down
Stage 3
deep，restorative sleep
Stage 4
REM（rapid eye movement）sleep，when brain activity increases and you're most likely to dream

The 20-minute nap
Between 20 and 30 minutes is one napping sweet spot，according to Mednick，who explains that you get enough Stage 2 sleep to switch your body and mind into full relaxation mode，aiding with memory.
The 60-minute nap
Stage 3 sleep is a time for your body to repair tissue，strengthen the immune（免疫）system and recharge energy stores.But waking up during this phase can make you feel uncomfortable and sleepy，Mednick says.Most people start to move out of Stage 3 after around 60 minutes，which makes it a good time to set your alarm.
The 90-minute nap
A complete sleep cycle is about an hour and a half，and napping for a full cycle can have big benefits.But naps longer than 90 minutes can disturb nighttime sleep and might even weaken memory.
Not a regular napper？That's OK."Everyone needs to rest，but not everyone necessarily needs to nap，"says Mednick.
1. During which phase may you have a dream？ ______
A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4
2. How long may the first 3 stages last？ ______
A. A quarter. B. One hour.
C. Half an hour. D. One and a half hours.
3. Which section is the text probably taken from in a newspaper？ ______
A. News. B. Education. C. Lifestyle. D. Health.
B
On my first round-the-world trip in 2006, I planned everything out in advance. I knew where I was going, staying for how long, and how 1 would get there. And then half-way through I ditched the plan and went with the flow(随大流). Over the years, how I plan my travel has changed. Now, Iˈm a last-minute planner and seldom travel with any plan.
Traveling without a plan gives you great flexibility (灵活性). Since nothing is booked far in advance, you can turn to something different when you change your mind or something better comes along. I changed my plans to meet a friend on an island in Thailand and stayed for a month. I wouldnˈt have had that experience if I had kept to my planned schedule.
However, most new travelers are the opposite — they overplant their trips. Their whole journey is scheduled. Two days here, three days there. I understand why people do that. When time is short, you want to see as much as possible. You donˈt want to waste a single second.
Actually, it is better to slow down your pace. Spending more time in one place allows you to get a better feel for the rhythm of life. You can visit at a more relaxed pace, see more than just the attractions, and open up your schedule to the happy accidents of travel.
When I first made my travel plan, I tried to include everything in it. Then I realized it was unrealistic, and revised my plan. I came up with a list of one or two things I want to see each day and spaced everything out. Itˈs an important lesson to learn. I think the best trip plan is to work out the general path you want to take, book the first few nights of your trip, and let your travels unfold from there. This way you are never locked into a certain place if your feelings change.

4. What does the underlined word “ditched” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Considered. B. Discussed. C. Dropped. D. Prepared.
5. What can we learn about the author from the text?
A. He lives an easy life.
B. He spends a lot of time traveling.
C. He enjoys traveling freely.
D. He prefers to follow others when traveling.
6. What does the author suggest about traveling?
A. Working out a simple travel plan.
B. Avoiding booking in advance.
C. Getting prepared for the unexpected things.
D. Setting a goal before making a travel plan.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. In Travel, Less Is More
B. Why I Enjoy Traveling Around
C. Traveling: Play More, Pay Less
D. Traveling: A Race Against The Clock
C
    Zwingmann teaches online courses on AI and helps clients make use of artificial intelligence. Lately, he has been generating lecture notes using ChatGPT. "I went up and said, 'OK, tell me a detailed step by step of how the DBSCAN algorithm works,' and it gave me that step by step," Zwingmann said.
    The AI chatbot ChatGPT Zwingmann uses has taken the internet by storm. It allows users to input questions that ask the conversational assistant to create a series of writing tasks. Although the chatbot is still in its infancy, ChatGPT has the potential to be a game-changer for the whole world.
​​​​​​​    The GPT stands for "Generative Pre-trained Transformer", providing detailed answers to users' questions. The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer follow up questions, challenge incorrect statements and reject inappropriate requests.
     If you have a passion for writing but aren't sure how to add a touch of elegance to your words, ChatGPT can help! If you want to create your personal web page but know little about HTML code, ChatGPT can generate the code for you! Even if you are an experienced developer, ChatGPT can help you analyze the code and provide a detailed explanation of the error along with suggestions for how to fix it.
    Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has limitations. Such limitations include the inability to answer questions that are worded a specific way and the lack of quality in the responses it delivers, which sometimes seem to be reasonable but make no practical sense.
    With its widespread use, there is growing concern about how the tool might be used to help students create essays for class assignments. So how good is it at producing literary works in the style of a news article? And how does its writing live up to the likes of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, or a film producer like Ben Affleck? Judge for yourself.
8. What's the function of paragraph 1?
A. To promote an online course teacher.
B. To explain how lecture notes are made.
C. To offer background information about AI.
D. To introduce an AI chatbot with an example.
9. What can we learn about ChatGPT in paragraphs 3 & 4?
A. It gives the user an answer of good quality.
B. It makes up a dialogue with questions input.
C. It aids code developers in recognizing errors.
D. It functions by collecting complex questions.
10. What is the author's attitude to the AI chatbot?
A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Negative. D. Concerned.
11. What's the article about?
A. The limitations of ChatGPT. B. The application of ChatGPT.
C. The importance of ChatGPT. D. The development of ChatGPT.
D
Padraig ó Dubhlaoidh，an Irish master violin maker，has created the world's first-ever vegan violin，valued at&8，000.
An amateur violinist himself，Padraig ó Dubhlaoidh has long held the belief that animal body parts aren't needed to create the instrument."With our planet facing crises on almost every front，the collective voice of people wanting a fairer future grows stronger every day， "he said." Ethical（合乎道德的）musicians are part of this movement and have long wished for a violin that is fully vegan yet retains all the qualities of the classic instrument.
Traditional instruments are tightly connected to animal products.Like other wood-based instruments，violins use hide glue-a product obtained from the skins and bones of animals-as a primary adhesive（黏合剂）.Violin strings and bows have also been known to contain ivory and horse tail hair.Using traditional tools and methods，Padraig chose natural replacements such as steamed pears，berries，and spring water to create the instrument.His adhesive，composed in part of spring water gathered from the hills behind his home，is 100%natural.
More than just an ethical step in the right direction，Padraig says his natural adhesive has other advantages.He said， "During my experiments，I discovered that the vegan violin has unexpected advantages.Apart from the benefit to animals，society，and our environment，it has become very clear that animal-based glues have harmful effects on violins，inducing powerful tension on wooden components.The adhesive used in my vegan violin，however，has no such effect.This is an acoustic（声音的）improvement.
While Padraig doesn't think everyone will switch to the vegan violin immediately，he does think there's a bright future ahead for his instrument and the concept of vegan instruments.He continues to make both vegan and non-vegan violins in his workshops.However，he said， "Just as petrol cars are gradually being replaced with more eco-friendly options，the same progression may happen to violins gradually，and even many other handicrafts.
12. What's Padraig's original purpose in making the vegan violin？ ______
A. To help protect the earth.
B. To have a stronger violin body.
C. To enhance the qualities of violins.
D. To inspire more musicians to play classical music.
13. What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on？ ______
A. The process of making instruments.
B. The features of traditional instruments.
C. The reasons for instruments' containing animal products.
D. The comparison between traditional instruments and the new violin.
14. What makes Padraig surprised at his violin？ ______
A. It does no harm to animals. B. It produces even better sounds.
C. It needs further improvements. D. It has many unknown functions.
15. What does Padraig think of the future of vegan violins？ ______
A. They will face great challenges.
B. They will experience ups and downs.
C. They will be acknowledged gradually.
D. They will be sold at affordable prices soon.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
The Color Run，also known as the Happiest five-kilometer on the Earth，is a unique event that celebrates health and happiness.It might be the perfect event to add to your community，company，or organization.Maybe you will consider it difficult to organize an event.（1） ______
Get the exact number of runners.You can create an online sign-up form through your website or email.（2） ______ By doing so，you can order the right amount of color run powder （粉末）.
Make sure runners make good preparations. （3） ______ Note this in your pre-registration forms and event notices to spread the news.Meanwhile，encourage them to wear sunglasses to protect their eyes from powder dust.
（ 4） ______ They can take professional photographs of the event for you to share on your website，social media，or with the local newspaper.At the same time，consider having photo chances available at the start and finishing lines for runners to have a little fun with their own groups.
Have a group warm-up before the run. （5） ______ Give everyone a color powder packet and count down from 10.When they get to 0，they can each throw their packet，giving everyone a splash （溅） of color before heading off on the race.

A.Hire a photographer or two.
B.Get a DJ at the start and finishing lines.
C.The following tips can help you get it going.
D.It ensures that you know how many people will attend.
E.You can tell every runner wear white clothing to increase the effect of the activity.
F.Someone can lead a fun warm-up to make sure everyone is ready to walk and run.
G.Some Color Runs are also designed for kids，with shorter distances and easier pathways.

16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
In our backyard there is a big pond with lots of trees and bushes.Both my grandparents were fond of our so-called garden.
One morning our new neighbor,an aggressively ambitious businessman,saw my grandfather （1） ______ two rare deodar tree saplings on both sides of our gate.（2） ______ he said he had planted the same tree saplings in his garden.My grandfather gave his plants（3） ______ adequate amount of water and didn't give them full（4） ______ ，while our neighbor interested in better（5） ______ looked after them too well.His plants were much（6） ______ and greener.
Normally in summer,we have fierce thunderstorms.（7） ______ the extreme damage,these storms also bring a welcome sudden（8） ______ from the terribly hot climate.After a thunderstorm,we came out to（9） ______ the damage to our garden and saw the neighbor in his garden,too,but looked（10） ______ as his plants had been uprooted.Ours were standing（11） ______ on the ground.Surprised to see this,he came up to us and said with embarrassment,"My trees（12） ______ from the roots while yours didn't.Why？"
My grandfather said,"You gave your plants more attention,water and manure（肥料），（13） ______ they didn't need to work for anything.I gave mine just an adequate amount,letting their roots do the（14） ______ ；thus their roots went deeper and became stronger." Our neighbor nodded in（15） ______ Hearing the words,I realized that anything easily given can be taken away much more easily and we will not understand the hard work it takes to earn those things.
21.  A. moving B. purchasing C. delivering D. planting
22.  A. By the way B. By coincidence C. On the contrary D. In contrast
23.  A. extremely B. instantly C. barely D. negatively
24.  A. force B. amount C. review D. attention
25.  A. requirements B. returns C. education D. access
26.  A. drier B. rarer C. fuller D. wilder
27.  A. Instead of B. Regardless of C. But for D. Apart from
28.  A. addition B. relief C. protection D. awareness
29.  A. infer B. control C. prevent D. inspect
30.  A. tired B. upset C. bored D. ashamed
31.  A. firm B. wide C. fairly D. flexibly
32.  A. came off B. put off C. took off D. showed off
33.  A. so B. if C. though D. unless
34.  A. majority B. opposite C. sort D. rest
35.  A. total B. detail C. approval D. turn
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. On Aug 13，four Chinese irrigation sites won global （1）______（recognize）and were added to the 2018 list of Heritage Irrigation Structures，among（2）______ Dujiangyan is the oldest and only surviving damless irrigation system in the world．
    Built over 2，000 years ago in（3）______is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China，this amazing engineering achievement is still playing a crucial role in irrigating farms and providing water resources for more than 50 cities in the province．
    In ancient times，the region in which Dujiangyan now stands （4）______ （threaten）by frequent flooding from the Minjiang River．Li Bing，a local official of Sichuan Province at that time，together with his son，decided to construct an irrigation system on the Minjiang River（5）______ （prevent）flooding．After many studies，they found the（6）______ （simple）solution was to build a dam，but this would have ruined the Minjiang River．So instead Li designed a series of （7）______ （channel）built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing（8）______（natural）．Better still，the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain，（9）______（make）it suitable for farming．
    Ever since the great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was completed，the Chengdu Plain has been free（10）______ flooding and the people there have been living peacefully．
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 6月5日是世界环境保护日（ World Environment Day ）。作为中学生，我们应该为环境保护贡献自己的一份力量，请以 " How to Protect the environment" 为题写一篇英语短文，就目前环境存在的问题谈谈你的看法和建议。要点包括：
1）目前环境存在的问题；
2）作为中学生应该采取的措施（至少三条）。
注意：1）词数80左右；
2 ）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I grew up in a poor family with six brothers,three sisters,my father and mother.We had little money and few goods,but plenty of love and attention.I was happy and energetic.I understood that no matter how poor a person was,he could still afford a dream.
My dream was athletics.By the time I was sixteen,I could throw a ninety-mile-per-hour fastball and hit anything moving on the football field.And I was so lucky that my high-school coach was Ollie Jarvis,who not only believed in me,but often told me "Dream is priceless".However,when I was about to get off the ground,one particular incident happened,which almost ruined my long-held dream.
It was the summer holiday in senior two and a friend recommended me for a summer job.I was offered ﹩ 12.25 per hour.Compared with the average ﹩3.5，that was a big sum.I was so excited,because this meant a chance for money in my pocket,certainly money for a new bike and new clothes,and the start of savings for a house for my mother.The prospect（前景）of the job was inviting,and I wanted to jump at the opportunity.
Then I realized I would have to give up summer baseball training to handle the work schedule.I didn't dare to tell my coach,I thought of the advice my mother often gave me when I lacked courage, "If you make your bed,you have to lie in it." I decided to talk to my coach in person.After all,my dream of buying my mom a house and having money in my pocket was worth facing his disappointment to me.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150字左右。
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
I gathered my courage and knocked at his door._________________
That question reminded me of what my coach used to say.______________
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Stage4：REM（rapid eye movement）sleep，when brain activity increases and you're most likely to dream（REM（快速眼动）睡眠，此时大脑活动增加，你最有可能做梦）可知，在第四阶段，人们会做梦。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Stage 3 sleep is a time for your body to repair tissue，strengthen the immune（免疫）system and recharge energy stores.But waking up during this phase can make you feel uncomfortable and sleepy，Mednick says.Most people start to move out of Stage 3 after around 60 minutes，which makes it a good time to set your alarm.（第三阶段睡眠是身体修复组织、增强免疫力的时间（免疫）Mednick说，但在这个阶段醒来会让你感到不舒服和困倦。大多数人在大约60分钟后开始离开第三阶段，这是设置闹钟的好时机。）可知前三个阶段持续一小时。故选B。
（3）文章出处题。根据第二段Sara Mednick，PhD，a cognitive neuroscientist（认知神经学家）at the University of California，Irvine，and author of The Power of the Downstate，explains that when you fall asleep，your body moves through stages that play a role in health.（加州大学欧文分校的认知神经科学家、The Power of the Downstate—书的作者Sara Mednick博士解释说，当你入睡时，你的身体会经历几个与健康有关的阶段。）可知，文章详细介绍了小睡和健康的关系，说明文章出自报纸的健康版面。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是小睡的好处和小睡的几个阶段。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】C、C、A、A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了有人旅行的时候，过度计划自己的行程，而作者认为旅行的时候要放慢脚步，更好地感受生活的节奏。

1. 根据第一段On my first round-the-world trip in 2006, I planned everything out in advance. I knew where I was going, staying for how long, and how 1 would get there. And then half-way through I ditched the plan and went with the flow(随大流). Over the years, how I plan my travel has changed. Now, Iˈm a last-minute planner and seldom travel with any plan.（2006年我第一次环球旅行时，我提前计划好了一切。我知道我要去哪里，呆多久，以及我将如何到达那里。然后中途我       计划，顺其自然。多年来，我计划旅行的方式发生了变化。现在，我是一个最后一刻的计划者，几乎不带着任何计划旅行。）可知，作者原来制定好了旅行计划，但是后来开始顺其自然，所以可推知作者是放弃了计划，       意为"放弃"。A.Considered考虑；B.Discussed讨论；C.Dropped放弃；D.Prepared准备。故选C。

2. 根据第二段Traveling without a plan gives you great flexibility （灵活性）.Since nothing is booked far in advance，you can turn to something different when you change your mind or something better comes along.I changed my plans to meet a friend on an island in Thailand and stayed for a month.I wouldn't have had that experience if I had kept to my planned schedule.（没有计划的旅行给了你很大的灵活性。因为没有什么东西是提前预订的，当你改变主意或有更好的东西出现时，你可以转向不同的东西。我改变了计划，去泰国的一个岛上见一个朋友，在那里待了一个月。如果我坚持我的计划日程，我就不会有这种经历。）可知，作者喜欢没有提前计划的旅行，可以自由地随时更改行程。C.He enjoys traveling freely.（他喜欢自由旅行。）故选 C。

3. 根据最后一段I think the best trip plan is to work out the general path you want to take，book the first few nights of your trip，and let your travels unfold from there.This way you are never locked into a certain place if your feelings change.（我认为最好的旅行计划是确定你想要走的大致路线，预订旅行的前几个晚上，然后让你的旅行从那里展开。这样，如果你的感觉改变了，你就不会被限定在一个特定的地方。）可知，作者建议制定一个简单的旅行计划，这样就可以根据情况随时调整。A.Working out a simple travel plan.（制定一个简单的旅行计划。）故选A。

4. 根据最后一段When I first made my travel plan，I tried to include everything in it.Then I realized it was unrealistic，and revised my plan.I came up with a list of one or two things I want to see each day and spaced everything out.（当我第一次制定旅行计划时，我试着把所有的东西都包括进去。后来我意识到这是不现实的，于是修改了我的计划，我列出了一张清单，上面列出了我每天想看的一两件事，把每件事都隔开了，这是我要学习的重要一课。）以及文中阐述的无计划旅行和慢旅行的优点，可知作者认为在旅行中不要把所有的事情都计划在内，日程安排不必太多，否则会减少很多旅行的乐趣。所以A.In Travel，Less Is More.（在旅行中，少即是多。）为最佳标题。故选A。

8~11.【答案】D、C、A、B
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT在互联网上掀起了一场风暴。它允许用户输入问题，让会话助手创建一系列的写作任务。虽然聊天机器人仍处于起步阶段，但ChatGPT有潜力改变整个世界的游戏规则。
1. 
根据第一段内容（Zwingmann教授关于人工智能的在线课程，并帮助客户利用人工智能。最近，他一直在用ChatGPT生成课堂笔记。”我走过去说，“好吧，告诉我DBSCAN算法如何工作的详细步骤，”它一步一步地告诉了我，”Zwingmann说。）可推知，第一段的作用是用一个例子介绍一个人工智能聊天机器人。故选D。
2. 
根据第四段中的Even if you are an experienced developer, ChatGPT can help you analyze the code and provide a detailed explanation of the error along with suggestions for how to fix it.（即使您是一名经验丰富的开发人员，ChatGPT也可以帮助您分析代码，并提供错误的详细解释以及如何修复错误的建议。）可知，ChatGPT帮助代码开发人员识别错误。故选C。
3. 
根据第四段内容（如果你对写作充满热情，但不知道如何为你的文字增添优雅，ChatGPT可以帮助你！如果你想创建自己的个人网页，但对HTML代码知之甚少，ChatGPT可以为你生成代码！即使您是一名经验丰富的开发人员，ChatGPT也可以帮助您分析代码，并提供错误的详细解释以及如何修复错误的建议。）以及倒数第二段中的Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has limitations.（尽管看起来令人印象深刻，ChatGPT仍然有局限性。）可知，文章说明了其优点和局限性，即可推知，作者对人工智能聊天机器人的态度是谨慎的。故选A。
4. 
根据第二段内容（茨温格曼使用的聊天机器人ChatGPT在互联网上掀起了一场风暴。它允许用户输入问题，让会话助手创建一系列的写作任务。虽然聊天机器人仍处于起步阶段，但ChatGPT有潜力改变整个世界的游戏规则。）及结合文章主要介绍了人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT在互联网上掀起了一场风暴。它允许用户输入问题，让会话助手创建一系列的写作任务。虽然聊天机器人仍处于起步阶段，但ChatGPT有潜力改变整个世界的游戏规则。可知，这篇文章是关于ChatGPT的应用。故选B。


12~15.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段的An amateur violinist himself，Padraig ó Dubhlaoidh has long held the belief that animal body parts aren't needed to create the instrument.（作为一名业余小提琴手，帕德雷格•杜布莱伊德一直认为，制作这种乐器并不需要动物的身体部位。）和下文he said." Ethical（合乎道德的）musicians are part of this movement and have long wished for a violin that is fully vegan yet retains all the qualities of the classic instrument."（他说。"有道德的音乐家是这一运动的一部分，他们一直希望小提琴是完全素食的，但保留经典乐器的所有品质。"）可推断，Padraig制作这把纯素的小提琴的最初目的是为了有助于保护地球。故选A。
（2）段落大意题。根据第三段的Traditional instruments are tightly connected to animal products.Like other wood-based instruments，violins use hide glue-a product obtained from the skins and bones of animals-as a primary adhesive（黏合剂）.Violin strings and bows have also been known to contain ivory and horse tail hair.Using traditional tools and methods，Padraig chose natural replacements such as steamed pears，berries，and spring water to create the instrument.His adhesive，composed in part of spring water gathered from the hills behind his home，is 100%natural.（传统乐器与动物产品紧密相连。像其他的木质乐器，小提琴使用隐藏粘—一种从动物的皮和骨头获得产品—作为主要黏合剂。小提琴的弦和弓也被认为含有象牙和马尾毛。帕德里格使用传统的工具和方法，选择蒸梨、浆果和泉水等自然替代品来制作乐器。他的粘合剂是用他家后面山上收集的部分泉水制成的，100%纯天然。）可推断，本段对比了传统乐器和这把新的小提琴。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的During my experiments，I discovered that the vegan violin has unexpected advantages.（在我的实验中，我发现纯素小提琴有一些意想不到的优势。）和The adhesive used in my vegan violin，however，has no such effect.This is an acoustic（声音的）improvement.（然而，在我的素食小提琴中使用的粘合剂没有这样的效果。这是声学上的改进。）可知，令Padraig吃惊的是他的小提琴甚至有更好的声音。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段的However，he said， 'Just as petrol cars are gradually being replaced with more eco-friendly options，the same progression may happen to violins gradually，and even many other handicrafts.'（然而，他说："就像汽油车逐渐被更环保的选择所取代一样，小提琴甚至其他许多手工艺品也可能逐渐发生同样的变化。"）可推断，Padraig认为纯素小提琴的未来会逐渐被认可。故选C。
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了爱尔兰小提琴制作大师Padraig ó Dubhlaoidh制作了世界上有史以来第一把纯素小提琴，倡导保护地球和动物。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

16~20.【答案】C、D、E、A、F
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前文Maybe you will consider it difficult to organize an event（也许你会觉得组织一项活动很困难）；以及后文给出的四个建议，所以C选项"以下提示可以帮助您顺利组织"可以承接前文的话题，引出后文的建议，故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据前文Get the exact number of runners.You can create an online sign-up form through your website or email（获取跑步者的确切数量。您可以通过网站或电子邮件创建在线注册表格），可知D选项"它确保你知道有多少人会参加"可以承接前文建议组织者获取跑步者的确切数量的话题，介绍这个做法的作用，故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据主题句Make sure runners make good preparations（确保跑步者做好准备）；以及后句Note this in your pre-registration forms and event notices to spread the news（在您的预注册表格和活动通知中注意这一点，以传播新闻），可知E选项"你可以告诉每个跑步者穿白色衣服来增加活动的效果"符合本段的主题---确保跑步者做好准备，后句this代指every runner wear white clothing，故选E。
（4）主题判断题。根据后文They can take professional photographs of the event for you to share on your website，social media，or with the local newspaper（他们可以拍摄活动的专业照片，供您在网站、社交媒体或当地报纸上分享），可知A选项"雇佣一两名摄影师"可以作为本段的主题---彩虹跑需要雇佣摄影师拍摄以便宣传，They代指a photographer or two，故选A。
（5）推理判断题。根据主题句Have a group warm-up before the run（跑步前进行集体热身），可知F选项"有人可以带领一场有趣的热身赛，确保每个人都准备好走路和跑步"可以承接主题---集体热身，介绍具体的做法，故选F。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了顺利举行彩虹跑的建议。
做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。

21~35.【答案】D、B、C、D、B、C、D、B、D、B、A、A、A、D、C
【解析】（1）D．考查动词及语境理解。A. moving移动；B. purchasing购买；C. delivering投递；D. planting种植。句意：一天早上，我们的新邻居，一个雄心勃勃的商人，看到我祖父在我家大门口的两边各种了一棵罕见的菩提树。根据下文的he said he had planted the same tree saplings in his garden.可知，此处用"种植"符合语境，故选D项。
（2）B．考查短语及语境理解。A. By the way顺便说；B. By coincidence碰巧；C. On the contrary相反；D. In contrast相比之下。句意：很巧，他说他在自己的花园里中了相同的树苗。结合上下文可知，两人都种了这种罕见的树，这巧合，故选B项。
（3）C．考查副词及语境理解。A. extremely特别地；B. instantly立即；C. barely几乎不；D. negatively消极地，否定地。句意：我祖父几乎不会给树苗浇足够的水，也不非常关心它们，然而我们的邻居期待有更好的回报，把他的树苗照顾的非常好。根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系，根据下文的looked after them too well可推测作者的祖父机会不会给树苗浇充足的水，故选C项。
（4）D．考查名词及语境理解。 A. force武力；B. amount    数量；C. review评论；D. attention关注。句意：我祖父几乎不会给树苗浇足够的水，也不非常关心它们，然而我们的邻居期待有更好的回报，把他的树苗照顾的非常好。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者的祖父既不给充足的水，也不太关心树苗，故选D项。
（5）B．考查名词及语境理解。 A. requirements要求；B. returns回报；C. education教育；D. access接近，通路。句意：我祖父几乎不会给树苗浇足够的水，也不非常关心它们，然而我们的邻居期待有更好的回报，把他的树苗照顾的非常好。根据句意可知，作为商人的邻居为了更好的回报，所以把树苗照顾得很好，故选B项。
（6）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A. drier更干的；B. rarer更稀少的；C. fuller更茂盛的；D. wilder更野蛮的。句意：他的树苗更茂盛也更绿。根据greener可知此处应选择正向的形容词，故选C项。
（7）D．考查介词短语及语境理解。A. Instead of代替，而非；B. Regardless of不管；C. But for要不是；D. Apart from除了。句意：除了造成严重的破坏外，这些暴风雨也会在极热的气候里带来受人们欢迎的安慰。根据句意可知，此处是指暴风雨除了带来破坏，也会带来好处，故选D项。
（8）B．考查名词及语境理解。A. addition附加物；B. relief欣慰；C. protection保护；D. awareness意识。句意：除了造成严重的破坏外，这些暴风雨也会在极热的气候里带来受人们欢迎的安慰。结合上下文可知，此处是指暴风雨让干旱已久的植物得到了充足的水分，这是令人欣慰的事情，故选B项。
（9）D．考查动词及语境理解。A. infer推断；B. control控制；C. prevent阻止；D. inspect检查。句意：在一个雷暴天气之后，我们出去检查花园的受损情况，看到邻居也在他的花园里，但看起来很沮丧，因为他的树苗已经被连根拔起。根据句意可知，此处用"检查受损情况"符合语境，故选D项。
（10）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A. tired劳累的；B. upset沮丧的；C. bored无聊的；D. ashamed羞愧的。句意：在一个雷暴天气之后，我们出去检查花园的受损情况，看到邻居也在他的花园里，但看起来很沮丧，因为他的树苗已经被连根拔起。根据下文的his plants had been uprooted可知此处用"沮丧的"符合语境，故选B项。
（11）A．考查副词及语境理解。A. firmly牢固地；B. widely广泛地；C. fairly公平地；D. flexibly灵活地。句意：我们的树苗牢牢地立在地面。根据下文的My trees ___（12）___ from the roots while yours didn't. Why？可知两家的树苗的状况截然相反，故此处用"牢牢地立在地面"符合语境，故选A项。
（12）A．考查动词短语及语境理解。A. came off脱落，脱离；B. put off    推迟；C. took off起飞，脱下；D. showed off炫耀。句意："我的树从根部脱落，而你们却没有，为什么呢？" 根据上文的his plants had been uprooted可知此处用"脱落"符合语境，故选A项。
（13）A．考查连词及语境理解。A. So因此；B. if如果；C. though尽管；D. unless除非。句意：我祖父说："你给你的树太多照顾，水和肥料，因此它们不需要为任何事情努力。"根据句意可知，上下文是因果关系，故选A项。
（14）D．考查名词及语境理解。A. majority大多数；B. opposite相反的；C. sort种类；D. rest剩余。句意：我只给我的树苗适量的水和肥料，剩下的让它们的根来解决，因此它们的根扎得更深，变得更强大。根据句意可知，此处是指给了适量的水和肥料之后，其它剩下的事情就由树苗自己解决，因此它们的根会扎得更深来寻找水和肥料，故选D项。
（15）C．考查副词短语及语境理解。A.（in） total总计；B. （in）detail详细地；C. （in）approval赞成；D. （in）turn依次。句意：听了这些话，我们的邻居点头表示赞成。根据nodded可知作者的邻居同意祖父的话，故选C项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的祖父和邻居用截然相反的两种方法来种树，结果祖父的树在暴风雨之后依然屹立，而邻居的树却被连根拔起。通过这个故事，文章告诉我们仍和容易得到的东西也容易被拿走。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意．一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。 答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。

36.【答案】recognition
【解析】1． recognition，考查名词，作宾语，前面有形容词，所以用名词．故填recognition．
2． which，考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为物，在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语，故填which引导．
3． what，考查宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示"…的地方"，故填what引导．
4． was threatened，考查语态，句子主语和threaten之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，故填was threatened．
5． to prevent，考查不定式，作目的状语，所以用不定式，故填to prevent．
6． simplest，考查最高级，表示"最简单的"，前面有定冠词the，所以用形容词最高级作定语，故填simplest．
7． channels，考查名词的数，channel为可数名词，前面有a series of，所以用复数，故填channels．
8． naturally，考查副词，修饰动词，所以用副词，故填naturally．
9． making，考查现在分词，指前面句子的结果，所以用现在分词作结果状语，故填making．
10． of/from，考查固定搭配，be free of/from远离，故填of或from．
本文讲述8月13日，四个中国灌溉点获得全球认可，并被列入2018年遗产灌溉结构名单，重点介绍了都江堰：是世界上最古老和唯一幸存的无水坝灌溉系统．
本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空．做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识．本题考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等．因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识．

37.【答案】How to Protect the environment Nowadays，there are many environmental problems in the world.Air pollution is the most serious problem             ，and it results in haze which has a bad influence on our health.           【高分句型一】People cut down many trees    ，and it causes desertification that destroys the ecological balance.People throw rubbish everywhere.           （描述现在的环境问题）
We should take some measures to solve these problems.It is necessary for us to go to school by bus or on foot                     ，because it can reduce the waste air.We had better plant more trees.Recycling is good for our planet because it make litter into something that we can use again.                           【高分句型二】（陈述自己的看法和建议）
Environmental protection is closely related to our daily life.So it is everyone's responsibility to protect our environment.                （号召每一个人都行动起来）
【解析】高分句型一：Air pollution is the most serious problem      ，and it results in haze which has a bad influence on our health.
分析：句子里，代指先行词haze，关系词which引导定语从句has a bad influence on our health      。
翻译：空气污染是最严重的问题，它会导致雾霾，对我们的健康造成不良影响。
高分句型二：Recycling is good for our planet because it make litter into something that we can use again.
分析：句子里，because引导原因状语从句it make litter into something that we can use again         。
翻译：回收利用对我们的星球有好处，因为它能把垃圾变成我们可以再次利用的东西。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。

38.【答案】I gathered my courage and knocked at his door.As expected,his face turned purple immediately.He glared at me like a bull."You have your whole life to work," he said, "but your playing days are limited.You can't afford to waste them." With my head down,I stood silently before him. "How much will you be paid,son？" He demanded. "＄12.25 per hour." "Well," he shrugged. "Is ＄12.25 an hour the price of a dream？"（作者与教练之间的对话）
That question reminded me of what my coach used to say.Yes,dream is priceless.It's stupid to earn pocket money at the expense of my dream.【高分句型一】I held my head high and said firmly, "Sorry,Mr.Jarvis.I know what to do next." My coach smiled with great satisfaction.That summer I dedicated myself to baseball training.And one year later,I obtained a baseball scholarship to the University.I knew I would soon buy my mum a house.Thanks to Mr.Jarvis' help,I  made a right choice,without whom I would never know I could afford a dream.【高分句型二】（作者的心理变化及所做的决定）
【解析】本文为记叙文。主要讲述了作者出生在并不富裕的家庭，但他很有运动天赋，梦想当一名运动员，高中时遇到了影响自己一生的教练Ollie Jarvis,他经常说的话是"梦想是无价的"。高二那年的暑假，作者想去做兼职补贴家用，因而打算放弃棒球训练，却不敢跟教练说，在母亲的鼓励下，作者决定当面跟教练说明情况。
高分句型一：It's stupid to earn pocket money at the expense of my dream.
译文：以我的梦想为代价赚零花钱是愚蠢的。
分析：这句话使用it作为形式主语，不定式内容to earn pocket money是真正的主语。
高分句型二：Thanks to Mr.Jarvis' help,I  made a right choice,without whom I would never know I could afford a dream.
译文：多亏了贾维斯先生的帮助，我做出了正确的选择，没有他，我永远不会知道我能实现梦想。
分析：这句话使用know后面接省略that的宾语从句。
解题方法点拨
       （1）品读原文，确定文章线索
       每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
       （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
       一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
       （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
       根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。
       （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
       在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。