新高考2024版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习12阅读理解+七选五+应用文写作

这是一份新高考2024版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习12阅读理解+七选五+应用文写作，共6页。试卷主要包含了写作词数应为80左右；，7亿人没有足够的食物等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
Fr years, David James, wh studies insects at Washingtn State University, had wanted t examine the migratin (迁徙) patterns f West Cast mnarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶). The rute the butterflies travel has been hardly knwn because the ppulatins are t small t fllw. Fr every 200 mnarch butterflies tagged (打标签) by a researcher, nly ne is usually recvered at the end f its trip, James says, and finding even 200 in the wild t tag is unlikely. Knwing the rute is vital t cnservatin effrts, but James had n way t figure it ut—until he gt a phne call frm Washingtn State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
The prisn was lking fr new activities t imprve the mental health f thse serving lng­term sentences. S James began wrking with prisners t raise mnarch butterflies thrugh the whle prcess f their transfrmatin. The adult insects were then tagged and released frm the prisn. Over five years, nearly 10，000 mnarch butterflies flew frm the facility. Elsewhere in Washingtn, Oregn and Idah, researchers released anther few thusand.
The tags included email addresses, and sn after the first butterflies tk ff, James started receiving messages frm peple wh had sptted them. The butterflies, the reprts cnfirmed, wintered in castal Califrnia. Twelve f them landed at Lighthuse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz. Several mre headed t Blinas and Mrr Bay.
The wrk helps researchers identify ideal places t plant milkweed and ther vegetatin that are imprtant t the life cycle f West Cast mnarch butterflies. It als brught ut the gentler side f sme f the prisners. “They were very wrried that they were ging t harm the butterflies，” James says. Watching the mnarch butterfly change their frm als tuched the men. “This butterfly changed，” James recalls prisners telling him, “and maybe we can t.”
1．What was hard fr David t d in his study?
A．Gain financial supprt.
B．Hire qualified wrkers.
C．Build a new labratry.
D．Find enugh mnarch butterflies.
2．Why were the butterflies tagged befre being released?
A．T guarantee their safety.
B．T enable them t fly lnger distances.
C．T track their travel rutes.
D．T distinguish them frm ther species.
3．What makes the prisners feel that they can change?
A．The patience the butterflies shwed.
B．The hardship the butterflies underwent.
C．The transfrmatin f the butterflies.
D．The devtin f James t the butterflies.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．The impact f the research.
B．The findings f James' study.
C．The release f the prisners.
D．The life cycle f the butterflies.
B
Fds high in sugar are unhealthy, but these additives are t delicius fr many f us t give up r reduce in a way. What if we culd smehw enjy their taste withut actually eating them? A student team has nw designed a spn with a structure that stimulates taste buds (味蕾) t prduce a sense f sweetness withut adding calries r chemicals. The prject fllws previus wrk invlving flavr­enhancing cutlery like chpsticks that increase sweetness with a mild electric current.
The five undergraduate and graduate research students wanted t create a new spn called Sugarware fr peple with such disrders as diabetes, with which sugar is largely ff their menu.
The new spn wuld have several bumps (凸块) n its underside t press against the tngue. The bumps can be cvered with a permanent layer f mlecules (分子) called ligands. These ligands bnd with taste­cell receptr prteins that typically react t sugar mlecules r artificial sweeteners. The bnd can activate nerve signals, causing the brain t register a sense f sweetness. A diner culd thus stimulate sweetness receptrs withut actual intake f sugar r artificial sweeteners.
This idea is similar t the previus wrk in that they all use cutlery t enhance taste withut a user having t actually cnsume any sugar. “But the mechanism fr stimulating the taste buds is cmpletely different，” Shiyu Xu, ne f the student researchers, says. “It uses bumps and taste­bud­stimulating mlecules rather than electricity.”
The idea is “very creative，” says Pala Almeida, wh is the glbal directr f crprate innvatin at candy maker Mars. But the prduct's cmmercial success wuld require a significant behaviral shift amng cnsumers: instead f adding the usual sugar r artificial sweeteners, “nw we're saying, ‘Use this cutlery’，” Almeida says. “It remains t be seen whether flavr­enhancing cutlery will catch n.”
5．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．Hw the new inventin wrks.
B．Hw a diner feel sweetness.
C．Hw ligands and prteins link.
D．Hw sugar mlecules functin.
6．In what way is the previus flavr­enhancing cutlery different frm Sugarware?
A．It makes fd mre delicius.
B．It sends ut signals t the brain.
C．It uses electricity t enhance taste.
D．It reduces users'fd cnsumptin.
7．What is Pala Almeida's attitude t the future f Sugarware?
A．Psitive. B．Uncertain.
C．Critical. D．Wrried.
8．What's the best title fr the text?
A．Struggling fr Lw Sugar？—Try This Spn
B．Lking fr Delicius Fd？—This Is Hw
C．Wrking fr Cmmercial Success？—Be Creative
D.Dieting fr Better Health？—Mind Sweeteners
Ⅱ.七选五
Science fictin televisin has dne a lt t shape hw we view the meals f the future, frm an evening dinner in pill frm t machines giving us any meal we desire, n demand. __1__ Hwever, while these ideas fr fd creatin are mre than fifty years ld, the way we prduce and cnsume fd has nt changed very much. Even thugh there is enugh fd available tday t feed the wrld, mre than 870 millin peple d nt have enugh t eat. __2__
With the glbal ppulatin expected t grw t mre than nine billin by 2050, demand fr fd will nly increase. N pills r machines have slved ur fd prblems yet.
Hwever, agricultural science has been respnsible fr saving huge numbers f lives. Science and technlgy helped us ut f starvatin during the 1960s and 1970s when the wrld's ppulatin explded. __3__ The result f this panic was the “green revlutin”， which saw the intrductin t farming f high prductin grains, imprved irrigatin systems and hybrid seeds, saving ver ne billin peple frm starvatin.
__4__ Having enugh fd is nly the first step. There are cmplicatins with natural disasters, cnflict, pverty and envirnmental prblems. All these can mean that the fd supply is put at risk. __5__ Many peple are cncerned abut “playing arund with nature”， adjusting hw fd lks and tastes and smells, and ther human interference (干预), all f which are widespread.
Anyhw, the wrld has nt been cmpletely saved frm starvatin, but we are n the way t getting there.
A．Agricultural science was quite a success.
B．There are many cmplexities when dealing with fd.
C.Mdern science and technlgy f fd cntributes a lt.
D.Nbdy wuld ever starve if fd were this easy t btain.
E．And it is unbelievable that hunger kills mre peple than disease des.
F．Then there are the issues we face when it cmes t fd experimentatin.
G．At that time scientists were genuinely wrried that we wuld run ut f fd.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
你校将以“节约粮食，减少浪费”为主题举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．浪费粮食的现象；
2．节约粮食的做法；
3．节约粮食的倡议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Say NO t Fd Waste
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练习12 阅读理解＋七选五＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 David James一直想研究黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙模式，但由于黑脉金斑蝶数量少，研究没有进展。直到和华盛顿州立监狱的囚犯们一起合作抚养黑脉金斑蝶，他这才得以开展研究并发现黑脉金斑蝶迁徙的模式。在看到蝴蝶转变的过程中，囚犯们的内心也发生了变化。
1．答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。根据第一段中“The rute the butterflies travel has been hardly is unlikely”可知，因为黑脉金斑蝶数量太少，所以人们无法跟随，它们的路线几乎不为人所知。故D项正确。
2．答案与解析：C 推断。根据第一段中的“The rute fllw”和第三段中的“The and Mrr Bay”可知，报告证实这些蝴蝶在加利福尼亚沿海过冬，12只在圣克鲁斯的Lighthuse Field State Beach降落。由此可知，在放飞之前，给蝴蝶打上标签是为了追踪它们的路线。故C项正确。
3．答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据第四段中的“Watching the mnarch butterfly change...‘and maybe we can t’”可知，蝴蝶的转变让囚犯们感觉自己也许可以改变。故C项正确。
4．答案与解析：A 理解段落主旨要义。根据最后一段中的“The wrk helps researchers identify gentler side f sme f the prisners”可知，这项工作有助于研究人员确定种植乳草属植物和其他对西海岸黑脉金斑蝶生命周期很重要的植物的理想地点。同时也让囚犯们的内心发生了变化。故最后一段主要说明这项研究的影响。故A项正确。
B
【语篇解读】 由本科生和研究生组成的五人小组研发了一种通过刺激味蕾可产生甜味的新勺子，其工作机制是用餐者可以在不摄入糖或人工甜味剂的情况下刺激甜味受体。
5．答案与解析：A 理解段落主旨要义。通读第三段可知，此段主要介绍了Sugarware底部的凸块以及凸块的作用，即这种勺子的工作原理，故选A。
6．答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“以前的调味餐具和Sugarware有什么不同？”→寻线索：根据第四段的内容，尤其是该段中的“It uses bumps and taste­bud­stimulating mlecules rather than electricity”可知，Sugarware使用凸块和刺激味蕾的分子，而以前的调味餐具使用电→定答案：由此可知，不同于Sugarware，以前的调味餐具使用电刺激味蕾，故选C。
7．答案与解析：B 理解观点、态度。根据最后一段中Pala Almeida所说的话“It remains t be seen whether flavr­enhancing cutlery will catch n”可知，Pala Almeida认为调味餐具是否会流行起来还有待观察，即她对这种勺子的未来持不确定的观点，故选B。
8．答案与解析：A 理解文章主旨要义。这篇文章主要介绍了一种新型调味勺子，可使用餐者在不摄入糖的情况下刺激甜味受体。A项“在为低糖挣扎？——试试这个勺子吧”点明文章主题，最适合作本文标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 科幻影片中虚构的药丸形式的晚餐和按需为我们提供膳食的机器，只能是幻想。面对粮食危机，科学家们努力研究新技术提高粮食产量，改进灌溉系统。但是，自然灾害、冲突、贫穷和环境问题都将使粮食供应处于危险之中。
1．答案与解析：D 根据第一段第一句可知，科幻影片在很大程度上塑造了我们对未来饮食的看法，从药丸形式的晚餐，到按需为我们提供任何食物的机器。结合下文提及的世界上还有很多人挨饿的事实可知，空处承上启下，说明如果食物容易获得，则没有人会挨饿。故D项正确。
2．答案与解析：E 空前讲到尽管今天有足够的食物来养活全世界，但仍有超过8.7亿人没有足够的食物。据此可推知，全世界还有很多人在挨饿，空处承接上文，E项“而且难以置信的是因饥饿造成的死亡人数比疾病造成的还多”进一步说明粮食危机的严重性，故E项正确。
3．答案与解析：G 根据空前的“starvatin during the 1960s and 1970s when the wrld's ppulatin explded”和空后的“panic”可知，在20世纪60年代和70年代，世界人口猛增引起了科学家们对粮食问题的担忧；据此可推知，空处与此对应，说明科学家们十分担心人们会吃完现有的粮食，故G项正确。
4．答案与解析：B 空处位于该段段首，为该段主题句。根据空后的“Having enugh prblems”可知，有足够的食物只是第一步。自然灾害、冲突、贫穷和环境问题是复杂的，常导致粮食危机。据此可知，该段主要陈述处理粮食危机时，有很多错综复杂的事情，故B项正确。
5．答案与解析：F 分析语境寻线索：根据下文的“Many peple are are widespread”可知，许多人担心“玩弄自然”，包括调整食物的外观、味道和气味，以及其他的人为干预等。对比选项定答案：结合常识可以推知，下文所说的是当涉及食物实验时所面临的问题，故F项“当涉及食物实验时，我们还面临着一些问题”符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
One pssible versin：
Say NO t Fd Waste
Fd plays an imprtant rle in ur daily life. Hwever, we are srry t see that fd is being wasted at an alarming rate while millins f peple are still ging hungry every day.
Frtunately, there are many things we can d t save fd. One f the simplest ways t avid fd waste is t buy prper amunt f fd. Besides, we are suppsed t think twice befre thrwing fd away, urging urselves t carry ut the Empty Plate Campaign. Lastly, string fd crrectly als cntributes t less fd lss.
As high schl students, it's ur respnsibility t say n t fd waste, which will benefit the wrld, nw and in the future.
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