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第06讲 名词性从句(知识讲解+高考必考题型练习)
目标 1
掌握主语从句的用法。
目标 2
掌握宾语从句的用法。
目标 3
掌握表语语从句和同位语从句的用法。
目标 4
了解连接词的意义和用法。
定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句，如：
I know what you need.
The problem is who will help you.
名词性从句的分类
英语中名词性从句主要有：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。如：
Whom we will choose hasn't been decided.
He wants to know how he can deal with the problem.
This is where he was born.
He made a decision that he would donate his money to the poor.
名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句的连接词有三类：连接代词、连接副词、从属连词。
名称
成分
连接词
that，whether，if（是否）
无
I know that he can succeed.
He wonder whether/ if we can help him when he is in danger.
The kid was crying then because he couldn’t find his mother.
You seem as if/ as though you have known he is coming back.
连接代词
who，whom，which，whose，what，whatever，whoever
主语、宾语、表语、定语
I know who you are.
Whom you live with is important.
The problem is what it is.
I know whose book this is.
I don't know which pen is mine.
连接副词
when，where，why，how
状语
I am wondering where we should go.
When she will start is a problem.
This is why he respect you.
I have no idea how we deal with him.
注意事项
1. 掌握名词性从句的关键是理解、掌握名词性从句的引导词含义和在从句中的成分：先找到主句的主干（即主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾+宾补、主谓双宾），然后在根据引导词找到从句，弄清是哪种从句。
2. 从句的语序是陈述语序，不是疑问语序。如：
I don't care who you are.
What this is doesn't matter.
3. 引导名词性从句的引导词除了that引导宾语从句时可以省略，其余的都不能省略。
4. 这四种名词性从句中都可以用到虚拟语气。
名词性从句四种类别：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
(一)主语从句:
1、定义:主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的句子。如:
Whether you'll win the game or not doesn't matter
Whoever will attend the meeting must sign your name here.
2、主语从句的引导词:
①从属连词:that，whether;如:
That he is a student is true.
②连接代词:who，what，which;whoever，whatever;如:
Whatever he wants is needed by his parents.
Which is better is clear.
What we should do next is still unknown.
③连接副词:when，where，how 和 why。如:
How we should face the hard situation is a problem.
That he is a scientist is a fact.
【注意】
(1) 在主语从句中只能用 whether，不能用 if
(2)形式主语:
一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有:
①It is +形容词+ that...
That he will win the match is certain.= It is certain that he will win the match
②It is +名词词组(no wonder，an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, a surprise, a fact, etc. )+ that...
It’s a fact that we can’t go. English is easy to learn
③It is +过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced, believed, etc. )+ that...
It has been suggested that much should be done to stop the river from being polluted. 有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。
④It appears/ seems that.../ It happens that.../ It occurred to me that.../ It turned out that...
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.结果发现没人记得这地址。
⑤It doesn’t matter that.../ It makes no difference that...
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
(二)表语从句:
1、定义:放在连系动词 be，look，seem，sound，appear 后充当复合句中的表语。如:
China is no longer what she used to be.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
2、表语从句的引导词:
①从属连词 whether，as if/though，because，why，that。如:
·The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
·He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。
That's because he didn’t understand me那是因为他没有理解我。(That's because.….强调原因)
That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。(That's why..强调结果)
It sounds as if somebody is knocking at the door.
②连接代词 who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever, whatever, whichever .如:
The problem is who we can get to replace her·That was what she did this morning.
③连接副词 where，when，how，why。如:
·The problem is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
This place is where I met her for the first time .·This is when he was born·It is why I refused his gift.
【注意】
(1)在表语从句中只能用 whether，不能用 if;
(2)当连接副词 when/where/ why/ how 引导表语从句时，可以表示“……的时候;……的地点;……的原因;……的方法”;如:
That is why he learns.
This is how they study maths.
(3)在含有表语从句的复合句中，当主句的主语是 reason 的时候，后面的表语从句要用 that 来引导，不能用 why 来引导。
(三)宾语从句:
1、定义:宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。
I know that he is a Chinese.
They are talking about what they like .
2、宾语从句的引导词:
①从属连词:that，whether，if;如:
I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help
I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years
②连接代词:what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever 等引导，如:
She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.
I'll just say whatever comes into my mind.
③连接副词:when，where，why，how等引导。如:·
Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?
I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting
3、宾语从句的时态:
①当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时的时候，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如:
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.(从句是一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk
她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She will say (that) she went to Mount Emei in the past.(从句是一般过去时)
②当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态;但是此时如果从句表示的是客观真理或者普遍存在的现象时，宾语从句要用一般现在时。如:
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.(从句是一般过去时)
He said that he was going to take care of the baby.(从句是过去将来时)
The teacher told the kids that the earth goes around the sun.(从句是一般现在时)
【注意】
(1)whether 和 if 引导名词性从句的区别:
①whether 可以引导4 种名词性从句;if 只能引导名词性从句中的宾语从句;
②whether 引导的宾语从句可以作介词的宾语，而 if则不能。如:
They are talking about whether she will win the game.
③whether 后面可以跟不定式，if则不能。如:
I don't know whether to visit him at this moment④在 whether..or not 结构中，不能用 if。如:
I don't know whether he will stay here or not next time.
(2)当 doubt后面引导宾语从句时，如果主句是否定句时，doubt 后面的宾语从句要用 that 引导;如果主句是肯定句时，doubt 后面的宾语从句要用 whether或if来引导。如:
I doubt whether he can help me.
They don't doubt that he can succeed.
(3)引导宾语从句的引导词 that 一般情况下可以省略，但是当有两个或者两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个宾语从句的引导词 that 可以省略。如:
I believe (that) you can study hard and that you can make progress in your study in Senior middle school
(4)当 that 引导宾语从句，而且后面又有宾语补足语时，要用 it 做形式宾语，而把 that 引导的宾语从句放到后面。常这样用的动词有 feel/think/make/ conside1等。如:
I feel it easy that a student master the English language.
Schools make it a rule that students should go to school on time.
(5)当动词 think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine 后面的宾语从句如果是否定句的时候，要把宾语从句中的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:
I don't think I know you .
We don't believe he will come.
(6)当主句的谓语动词是 think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine，而且主句的主语是的一人称的单复数时，变成反意疑问句的时候，反意疑问句部分的主谓要与从句的主谓一致。如:
I think he is from Russia, isn't he?
We don't believe she can succeed, can she?
(7)当主句的谓语动词是think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine 等词时，
对宾语从句的某个成分进行提问时，要把特殊疑问词提到主句前。如:
Who do you think you are ?
·Where do you suppose he is from?
(四)同位语从句
1、定义:在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句即解释说明前面某个抽象名词内容的从句。常跟同位语从句的抽象名词有 fact，news，idea,truth,hope, problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question，doubt 等。如:
I came up with an idea that I would visit my former teacher.
He has the doubt whether he can succeed.
2、同位语从句的引导词:
①从属连词:that，whether; 如:
He put forward the question whether they should start at once· I know the fact that he is a doctor
②连接代词:what，who，whose，what，which 等引导。如:
I have no idea whose book it is .
That is a problem which skirt I should buy.
③连接副词:when，where，why，how 等引导。如:
I have a question why he didn't come here yesterday.·They had no idea where they would work.
3、同位语从句的几种特殊情况:
①当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如:
The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
Word came that our team had won the game.有消息传来，我们队获胜了。
②表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词 order，demand，suggestion 等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”，should 可省略。如:
The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary. 每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。
*同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句
定语从句
功能不同
对抽象名词的解释说明
修饰或限制某一名词或代词
that
是从属连词;只起连接作用;在同位语从句中不作成分;不可省略
是关系代词，起连接作用;在定语从句中作主语或宾语:并日作从句的宾语时可省略
前面的名词
同位语从句前面的名词只能是抽象名词
定语从句前面的名词可以是表示具体的人或物的名词或者是抽象名词
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that 不可省略)
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.(定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语，可省略)
考点一：主语从句&宾语从句&表语从句&同位语从句的基本用法
1.She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
【答案】 C
【解析】句意：她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我没有。when何时；where哪里；whether是否；what什么。根据后半句可知选C。
2. ______ the path of a county is the right one is a matter to be decided by its people.
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Why
【答案解析】 C
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：一个县城的道路是否是正确的路，由它的人民决定。分析句子可知， “______ the path of a county is the right one”是名词性从句中的主语从句，不缺成分，但缺少意思“是否”，whether/if(是否)符合句意，因为引导主语从句只能用whether，故选C。
3. Everyone on this planet is different, and that's______ makes it such a beautiful place.
A. When B. how C. what D. why
【答案解析】 C
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这个星球上的每个人都不一样，那是使得这个星球成为美丽的地方的东西。分析句子可知，系动词is后是表语从句，从句缺少主语，what引导表语从句，从句中作主语，when“……的时候”作时间状语；how“如何”作方式状语；why“为什么；……的原因”作原因状语。故选C。
4. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
【答案】that
【解析】连词that引导同位语从句对名词belief起解释说明作用。故答案是that。
考点二：名词性从句连接词的区别
1.It is reported that a new school has been built in___ was a deserted village a few decades ago.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
【答案】 B
【解析】句意：据报道一个新的学校被建在几十年前是荒废的村子上。介词in后面接的是宾语从句，宾语从句中没有主语，what在宾语从句中一般做主宾表，that连接宾语从句的时候，不做成分，which哪个，where哪里，不符合句意。选B。
2.He said nothing except ________ he will come to her birthday party.
A. that B. what C. whether D. if
【答案】 A
【解析】句意：他什么也没说，只是说他要来参加她的生日聚会。此处为宾语从句，whether和if引导名词性从句时，意为“是否”，该句则句意不通；what引导名词性从句时，需要充当句子的主语、表语或宾语；that引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，没有汉语意思。本句中的从句句子成分齐全，不缺成分，所以应使用代词that。故选A。
3.You may have one of these；in other words，you may have ________you choose.
A. whichever B. wherever C. whenever D. no matter which
【答案】 A
【解析】考查宾语从句。空格处所填词既要作have的宾语，同时又作choose的宾语，排除D项；根据前半句意思判断，表示“在一定范围内选择”，因此选A项。
4.I would appreciate _________ you could work with us to communicate to the American people ________ there are no more funds available for further improvement of social security.
A. it that, if B. that, if C. it if, that D. if, that
【答案】 C
【解析】考查appreciate的用法和宾语从句。句意：如果你能和我们一起工作，把没有进一步改善社会保障资金的消息传递给美国人民，我将万分感激你。第一空是固定句式I would appreciate it if…；第二空是that引导的宾语从句。根据句意可知选C。
1（2022新高考II卷）“I don't know ___________ to thank him.”
答案：how
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
2（2022年浙江1月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely.
答案：if/whether
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
3（2021新课标I卷）_____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
答案：what
解析：考查主语从句。句意为：这段经历让人叹为观止的是那些超凡脱俗的场景。引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表示"……的东西",故填What.
4（2021年北京卷）The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived．
答案：where
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
5（2021年天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.
A. whether B. why C. what D. when
答案：B
解析：考查表语从句。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所…的事儿；D. when什么时间，…的时间。分析句子，该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选B项。
6（2021年天津卷）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
A. when B. where C. what D. whether
答案：C
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故选C。
基础过关检测
单项选择
1．You now know ________ an unarmed man can do against a man with a gun.
A．how B．what C．why D．which
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：你们现在已经知道一个不带武器的人怎样对付一个手持步枪的人。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，句子________ an unarmed man can do against a man with a gun跟在动词know后面充当宾语，所以这是一个宾语从句；分析宾语从句句子成分可知，从句谓语动词do缺少宾语，所以要用连接代词，且设空处指事情，所以要用what引导。故选B项。
2．We promise that ________ attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我们承诺，无论谁参加聚会都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，排除B项和D项。结合句意，who表示特指，此处表示泛指，应用whoever=anyone who“无论谁”引导。故选C项。
3．As a new comer to the city, I have great interest in discovering ________ the city is like and have visited some of the popular places recently.
A．how B．what C．when D．where
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：作为一个新到这个城市的人，我有很大的兴趣去发现这个城市是什么样子的，最近我参观了一些受欢迎的地方。此处是宾语从句，连接词在从句中作介词like的宾语，应用what引导，指代“这个城市是什么样子的”。故选B。
4．When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of Spring Festival was ______ I looked forward to most.
A．which B．what C．when D．where
【答案】B
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，年夜饭是我最期待的。was后是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应用连接代词what引导，指代“我最期待的东西”。故选B。
5．The exact year ________ Lucia and her family spent together in China was ________ the Beijing Olympic Games was held.
A．which; where B．when; when
C．which; when D．when; that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：露西亚和她的家人在中国度过的那一年正是北京奥运会举办的那一年。分析可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词是year，指物，从句中的spent 缺少宾语，应用关系代词which/that引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句需要时间状语，应用when引导。综上，故选C。
6．—Mary, could you please tell me ________?
—I have no idea. She has been sad like this for a while.
A．what Linda happened B．why Linda unhappy
C．what happened to Linda D．why was Linda unhappy
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——玛丽，你能告诉我琳达发生什么了吗？——我不知道，她像这样伤心一段时间了。动词后是宾语从句，用陈述语序，可以排除D，B项没有be动词，表示某人发生什么用happen to somebody，可以排除A。故选C。
7．He is confident ______ he will make great progress if he pays attention to his study.
A．of B．about C．that D．in
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他相信，如果他注意学习，他会取得很大的进步。A. of......的；B. about关于；C. that宾语从句的引导词，无意义，可省略；D. in在......里面。分析句子结构可知，这是一个含从句的复合句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整。故选C项。
8．——Could you tell me ________ we can start a conversation with a foreigner? —— Talking about weather is a good choice.
A．where B．when C．how
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：——你能告诉我怎样开始和外国人交谈吗？——谈论天气是一个不错的选择。A. where在哪里；B. when在何时；C. how怎样，如何。根据回答的“—— Talking about weather is a good choice.”可知，此处问的是“如何”开始和外国人交谈。故选C项。
9．________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A．Which B．What C．That D．Where
【答案】B
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：Barbara Jones带给歌迷的是诚实和快乐。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导主语从句，从句动词 offer后缺少宾语，表示具体的内容，所以空处需用连接词what引导主语从句。故选B。
10．A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A．when B．where C．what D．that
【答案】D
【解析】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：有个故事说，英国的伊丽莎白一世最喜欢的就是在宫廷里被聪明而合格的贵族包围。分析可知，Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court是解释说明名词A story的同位语从句，从句结构完整，不缺乏任何意义，用只起连接作用且无意义的that。故选D项。
11．— The Lego Batman Movie is so popular these days. Do you know _________?
— Oh, let me search for it on the Internet.
A．what kind of movie is it B．where is it produced
C．how long it lasts D．when was it produced
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——《乐高蝙蝠侠大电影》最近很受欢迎。你知道它会持续多久吗？——哦，让我在网上搜索一下。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序；结合选项可知，A,B和D是疑问语序，不符合题意。故选C。
12．—Can you tell me when________?
—About two weeks ago.
A．does he buy the car B．did he buy the car
C．he bought the car D．he buys the car
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——你能告诉我他什么时候买的车吗?——大约两周前。分析句子结构可知，此处when引导的是宾语从句，作动词tell的宾语，宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除选项A和B；再结合答语“About two weeks ago”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以宾语从句的谓语动词需用一般过去时。故选C。
13．―Linda, could you tell me ________ Paris?
―Sure. Last Saturday.
A．when Mr. Johnson left B．when Mr. Johnson will leave
C．when did Mr. Johnson leave D．when will Mr. Johnson leave
【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——琳达，你能告诉我约翰逊先生什么时候离开巴黎的吗?——当然。上周六。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词when引导宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除选项C和D；由答语时间状语Last Saturday可知，宾语从句的谓语动词需用一般过去时。故选A。
14．The foreigner asked me ________ to the Tian’anmen Square.
A．how could he get B．how he could get
C．how can he get D．how he can
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：那个外国人问我怎么去天安门广场。宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态的某种时态。此处从句应用一般过去时，且宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。故选B。
15．_________ was strange, though, was the very fact_________ she was wide awake and, according to her bedside clock, it was only a quarter to four.
A．It… that B．It…what C．What…that D．What…which
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：但奇怪的是，她完全醒着，而且根据她床边的闹钟，现在才差一刻四点。主语从句“_________ was strange”中缺少主语，且此处指事情，所以应用what引导；同位语从句是作“fact”的同位语，从句句意完整、不缺成分，所以应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选C。
16．At first, Facebook investors did experience_________ analyst Arvind Bhatia called “sticker shock” after learning that Facebook planned to pay $19 billion for WhatsApp, a company that had declared it had no plans to make money any time soon.
A．what B．that C．which D．as
【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：起初，在得知Facebook计划斥资190亿美元收购WhatsApp之后，Facebook的投资者确实经历了分析师阿尔温德•巴蒂亚(Arvind Bhatia)所说的“天价震惊”，而WhatsApp此前已宣布没有近期盈利的计划。A. what可引导宾语从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语；B. that引导宾语从句时不成当任何成分，无词义；C. which可引导宾语从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，意为“哪一个”； D. as不引导宾语从句；分析句子可知，该空在句中为宾语从句的引导词，在从句中充当宾语，应用what。故选A项。
17．The reason why he failed is_________he was too careless.
A．because B．that C．for D．because of
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：他失败的原因是太粗心了。A. because因为，表原因；B. that不做句子成分，没有实际意义；C. for因为，表原因；D. because of因为，不引导从句。分析句子可知，空后为表语从句，从句不缺成分，且引导词在从句中无实际意义，所以用that引导。故选B项。
18．Is this______we met them last night?
A．where B．place C．place in which D．place which
【答案】A
【解析】考查表语从句的引导词。句意：这是我们上次见面的地方吗？分析句子的结构可知：设空处应引导表语从句，结合句意，从句缺少地点状语。故答案为A。
19．What she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A．why B．what C．which D．how
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：她不能理解的是为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。what she couldn’t understand是主语从句，what在主语从句中作宾语。后面是一个表语从句，句子结构很完整所以应该使用连接副词，再从句意考虑，句中缺少原因状语，所以使用why。故选A。
20．Many of the procrastinators (拖延症患者) often care too much about the result of ________ they are doing and insist on it being perfect.
A．however B．no matter what C．whichever D．whatever
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：许多拖延者往往太在意他们所做事情的结果，并坚持要做到完美。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“无论什么”应用whatever引导。故选D。
高考必考题型练习
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（广东省广州市海珠区第六中学2022-2023学年高一上学期开学考试）Windsor Castle is surrounded by a lot of green gardens in the English countryside. It looks out onto the River Thames and sits next 1 a hunting ground. It was built just outside of London 2 (protect) the capital from the enemies on the west side.
Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest castle 3 (build) in the world. The castle has a long, rich and troubled history. 4 the castle walls could talk, they’d have many stories to tell.
Kings were born and 5 (die) here. It’s been used as the home of kings and queens for centuries. However, it was also used as a prison during the English Civil War Ⅱ. The royal family 6 (secret) slept at Windsor Castle because it was safer than London’s urban areas.
Then, Windsor Castle was the private home of Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ. When she didn’t meet guests at Buckingham Palace, she went to Windsor Castle. 7 that’s not all. Windsor Castle is open to the public. It is now one of England’s most popular tourist 8 (attract). Visitors can look at some of the finest artworks, 9 (include) the paintings of Rembrandt as well as the well-kept gardens. Is there a better way to learn about England 10 to enjoy some of the country’s finest scenery?
【答案】1．to 2．to protect 3．built 4．If 5．died 6．secretly 7．But 8．attractions 9．including 10．than
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的温莎城堡。
1．考查介词。句意：它眺望着泰晤士河，坐落在一个狩猎场旁边。next to固定搭配，意为“挨着；靠近”，故填to。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它就建在伦敦城外，以保护首都免受西面敌人的攻击。此处表示为了保护首都，应用不定式表示目的，作状语，故填to protect。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：温莎城堡是世界上最古老和最大的城堡。句中已有谓语，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词castle，且castle和动词build二者之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填built。
4．考查状语从句。句意：如果城墙会说话，他们就有很多故事可讲了。空处引导状语从句，表示“如果”，是条件状语从句，应用if来引导，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填If。
5．考查时态。句意： 国王在这里出生和死去。and前后连接并列谓语，由were可知，此处应用die的过去式died，故填died。
6．考查副词。句意：王室成员偷偷地睡在温莎城堡里，因为那里比伦敦的城市更安全。此处应用副词secretly修饰动词slept，表示“秘密的；偷偷地”，故填secretly。
7．考查连词。句意：但这还不是全部。句子前后是转折关系，应用转折连词but，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填But。
8．考查名词单复数。句意：它现在是英国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”，所以此处应用名词复数attractions，故填attractions。
9．考查介词。句意：游客可以欣赏到一些最优秀的艺术品，包括伦勃朗的绘画作品以及精心保养的花园。此处用介词including，和后面的名词短语一起作状语，故填including。
10．考查连词。句意：还有比欣赏英国最美的风景更好的方法来了解英国吗？由句意和better可知，空处连接两个比较的部分，此处表示“比”，应用连词than，故填than。
第06讲 名词性从句(知识讲解+高考必考题型练习)
目标 1
掌握主语从句的用法。
目标 2
掌握宾语从句的用法。
目标 3
掌握表语语从句和同位语从句的用法。
目标 4
了解连接词的意义和用法。
定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句，如：
I know what you need.
The problem is who will help you.
名词性从句的分类
英语中名词性从句主要有：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。如：
Whom we will choose hasn't been decided.
He wants to know how he can deal with the problem.
This is where he was born.
He made a decision that he would donate his money to the poor.
名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句的连接词有三类：连接代词、连接副词、从属连词。
名称
成分
连接词
that，whether，if（是否）
无
I know that he can succeed.
He wonder whether/ if we can help him when he is in danger.
The kid was crying then because he couldn’t find his mother.
You seem as if/ as though you have known he is coming back.
连接代词
who，whom，which，whose，what，whatever，whoever
主语、宾语、表语、定语
I know who you are.
Whom you live with is important.
The problem is what it is.
I know whose book this is.
I don't know which pen is mine.
连接副词
when，where，why，how
状语
I am wondering where we should go.
When she will start is a problem.
This is why he respect you.
I have no idea how we deal with him.
注意事项
1. 掌握名词性从句的关键是理解、掌握名词性从句的引导词含义和在从句中的成分：先找到主句的主干（即主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾+宾补、主谓双宾），然后在根据引导词找到从句，弄清是哪种从句。
2. 从句的语序是陈述语序，不是疑问语序。如：
I don't care who you are.
What this is doesn't matter.
3. 引导名词性从句的引导词除了that引导宾语从句时可以省略，其余的都不能省略。
4. 这四种名词性从句中都可以用到虚拟语气。
名词性从句四种类别：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
(一)主语从句:
1、定义:主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的句子。如:
Whether you'll win the game or not doesn't matter
Whoever will attend the meeting must sign your name here.
2、主语从句的引导词:
①从属连词:that，whether;如:
That he is a student is true.
②连接代词:who，what，which;whoever，whatever;如:
Whatever he wants is needed by his parents.
Which is better is clear.
What we should do next is still unknown.
③连接副词:when，where，how 和 why。如:
How we should face the hard situation is a problem.
That he is a scientist is a fact.
【注意】
(1) 在主语从句中只能用 whether，不能用 if
(2)形式主语:
一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有:
①It is +形容词+ that...
That he will win the match is certain.= It is certain that he will win the match
②It is +名词词组(no wonder，an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, a surprise, a fact, etc. )+ that...
It’s a fact that we can’t go. English is easy to learn
③It is +过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced, believed, etc. )+ that...
It has been suggested that much should be done to stop the river from being polluted. 有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。
④It appears/ seems that.../ It happens that.../ It occurred to me that.../ It turned out that...
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.结果发现没人记得这地址。
⑤It doesn’t matter that.../ It makes no difference that...
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
(二)表语从句:
1、定义:放在连系动词 be，look，seem，sound，appear 后充当复合句中的表语。如:
China is no longer what she used to be.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
2、表语从句的引导词:
①从属连词 whether，as if/though，because，why，that。如:
·The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
·He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。
That's because he didn’t understand me那是因为他没有理解我。(That's because.….强调原因)
That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。(That's why..强调结果)
It sounds as if somebody is knocking at the door.
②连接代词 who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever, whatever, whichever .如:
The problem is who we can get to replace her·That was what she did this morning.
③连接副词 where，when，how，why。如:
·The problem is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
This place is where I met her for the first time .·This is when he was born·It is why I refused his gift.
【注意】
(1)在表语从句中只能用 whether，不能用 if;
(2)当连接副词 when/where/ why/ how 引导表语从句时，可以表示“……的时候;……的地点;……的原因;……的方法”;如:
That is why he learns.
This is how they study maths.
(3)在含有表语从句的复合句中，当主句的主语是 reason 的时候，后面的表语从句要用 that 来引导，不能用 why 来引导。
(三)宾语从句:
1、定义:宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。
I know that he is a Chinese.
They are talking about what they like .
2、宾语从句的引导词:
①从属连词:that，whether，if;如:
I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help
I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years
②连接代词:what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever 等引导，如:
She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.
I'll just say whatever comes into my mind.
③连接副词:when，where，why，how等引导。如:·
Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?
I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting
3、宾语从句的时态:
①当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时的时候，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如:
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.(从句是一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk
她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She will say (that) she went to Mount Emei in the past.(从句是一般过去时)
②当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态;但是此时如果从句表示的是客观真理或者普遍存在的现象时，宾语从句要用一般现在时。如:
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.(从句是一般过去时)
He said that he was going to take care of the baby.(从句是过去将来时)
The teacher told the kids that the earth goes around the sun.(从句是一般现在时)
【注意】
(1)whether 和 if 引导名词性从句的区别:
①whether 可以引导4 种名词性从句;if 只能引导名词性从句中的宾语从句;
②whether 引导的宾语从句可以作介词的宾语，而 if则不能。如:
They are talking about whether she will win the game.
③whether 后面可以跟不定式，if则不能。如:
I don't know whether to visit him at this moment④在 whether..or not 结构中，不能用 if。如:
I don't know whether he will stay here or not next time.
(2)当 doubt后面引导宾语从句时，如果主句是否定句时，doubt 后面的宾语从句要用 that 引导;如果主句是肯定句时，doubt 后面的宾语从句要用 whether或if来引导。如:
I doubt whether he can help me.
They don't doubt that he can succeed.
(3)引导宾语从句的引导词 that 一般情况下可以省略，但是当有两个或者两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个宾语从句的引导词 that 可以省略。如:
I believe (that) you can study hard and that you can make progress in your study in Senior middle school
(4)当 that 引导宾语从句，而且后面又有宾语补足语时，要用 it 做形式宾语，而把 that 引导的宾语从句放到后面。常这样用的动词有 feel/think/make/ conside1等。如:
I feel it easy that a student master the English language.
Schools make it a rule that students should go to school on time.
(5)当动词 think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine 后面的宾语从句如果是否定句的时候，要把宾语从句中的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:
I don't think I know you .
We don't believe he will come.
(6)当主句的谓语动词是 think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine，而且主句的主语是的一人称的单复数时，变成反意疑问句的时候，反意疑问句部分的主谓要与从句的主谓一致。如:
I think he is from Russia, isn't he?
We don't believe she can succeed, can she?
(7)当主句的谓语动词是think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine 等词时，
对宾语从句的某个成分进行提问时，要把特殊疑问词提到主句前。如:
Who do you think you are ?
·Where do you suppose he is from?
(四)同位语从句
1、定义:在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句即解释说明前面某个抽象名词内容的从句。常跟同位语从句的抽象名词有 fact，news，idea,truth,hope, problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question，doubt 等。如:
I came up with an idea that I would visit my former teacher.
He has the doubt whether he can succeed.
2、同位语从句的引导词:
①从属连词:that，whether; 如:
He put forward the question whether they should start at once· I know the fact that he is a doctor
②连接代词:what，who，whose，what，which 等引导。如:
I have no idea whose book it is .
That is a problem which skirt I should buy.
③连接副词:when，where，why，how 等引导。如:
I have a question why he didn't come here yesterday.·They had no idea where they would work.
3、同位语从句的几种特殊情况:
①当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如:
The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
Word came that our team had won the game.有消息传来，我们队获胜了。
②表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词 order，demand，suggestion 等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”，should 可省略。如:
The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary. 每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。
*同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句
定语从句
功能不同
对抽象名词的解释说明
修饰或限制某一名词或代词
that
是从属连词;只起连接作用;在同位语从句中不作成分;不可省略
是关系代词，起连接作用;在定语从句中作主语或宾语:并日作从句的宾语时可省略
前面的名词
同位语从句前面的名词只能是抽象名词
定语从句前面的名词可以是表示具体的人或物的名词或者是抽象名词
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that 不可省略)
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.(定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语，可省略)
考点一：主语从句&宾语从句&表语从句&同位语从句的基本用法
1.She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
【答案】 C
【解析】句意：她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我没有。when何时；where哪里；whether是否；what什么。根据后半句可知选C。
2. ______ the path of a county is the right one is a matter to be decided by its people.
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Why
【答案解析】 C
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：一个县城的道路是否是正确的路，由它的人民决定。分析句子可知， “______ the path of a county is the right one”是名词性从句中的主语从句，不缺成分，但缺少意思“是否”，whether/if(是否)符合句意，因为引导主语从句只能用whether，故选C。
3. Everyone on this planet is different, and that's______ makes it such a beautiful place.
A. When B. how C. what D. why
【答案解析】 C
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这个星球上的每个人都不一样，那是使得这个星球成为美丽的地方的东西。分析句子可知，系动词is后是表语从句，从句缺少主语，what引导表语从句，从句中作主语，when“……的时候”作时间状语；how“如何”作方式状语；why“为什么；……的原因”作原因状语。故选C。
4. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
【答案】that
【解析】连词that引导同位语从句对名词belief起解释说明作用。故答案是that。
考点二：名词性从句连接词的区别
1.It is reported that a new school has been built in___ was a deserted village a few decades ago.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
【答案】 B
【解析】句意：据报道一个新的学校被建在几十年前是荒废的村子上。介词in后面接的是宾语从句，宾语从句中没有主语，what在宾语从句中一般做主宾表，that连接宾语从句的时候，不做成分，which哪个，where哪里，不符合句意。选B。
2.He said nothing except ________ he will come to her birthday party.
A. that B. what C. whether D. if
【答案】 A
【解析】句意：他什么也没说，只是说他要来参加她的生日聚会。此处为宾语从句，whether和if引导名词性从句时，意为“是否”，该句则句意不通；what引导名词性从句时，需要充当句子的主语、表语或宾语；that引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，没有汉语意思。本句中的从句句子成分齐全，不缺成分，所以应使用代词that。故选A。
3.You may have one of these；in other words，you may have ________you choose.
A. whichever B. wherever C. whenever D. no matter which
【答案】 A
【解析】考查宾语从句。空格处所填词既要作have的宾语，同时又作choose的宾语，排除D项；根据前半句意思判断，表示“在一定范围内选择”，因此选A项。
4.I would appreciate _________ you could work with us to communicate to the American people ________ there are no more funds available for further improvement of social security.
A. it that, if B. that, if C. it if, that D. if, that
【答案】 C
【解析】考查appreciate的用法和宾语从句。句意：如果你能和我们一起工作，把没有进一步改善社会保障资金的消息传递给美国人民，我将万分感激你。第一空是固定句式I would appreciate it if…；第二空是that引导的宾语从句。根据句意可知选C。
1（2022新高考II卷）“I don't know ___________ to thank him.”
答案：how
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
2（2022年浙江1月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely.
答案：if/whether
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
3（2021新课标I卷）_____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
答案：what
解析：考查主语从句。句意为：这段经历让人叹为观止的是那些超凡脱俗的场景。引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表示"……的东西",故填What.
4（2021年北京卷）The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived．
答案：where
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
5（2021年天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.
A. whether B. why C. what D. when
答案：B
解析：考查表语从句。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所…的事儿；D. when什么时间，…的时间。分析句子，该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选B项。
6（2021年天津卷）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
A. when B. where C. what D. whether
答案：C
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故选C。
基础过关检测
单项选择
1．You now know ________ an unarmed man can do against a man with a gun.
A．how B．what C．why D．which
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：你们现在已经知道一个不带武器的人怎样对付一个手持步枪的人。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，句子________ an unarmed man can do against a man with a gun跟在动词know后面充当宾语，所以这是一个宾语从句；分析宾语从句句子成分可知，从句谓语动词do缺少宾语，所以要用连接代词，且设空处指事情，所以要用what引导。故选B项。
2．We promise that ________ attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我们承诺，无论谁参加聚会都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，排除B项和D项。结合句意，who表示特指，此处表示泛指，应用whoever=anyone who“无论谁”引导。故选C项。
3．As a new comer to the city, I have great interest in discovering ________ the city is like and have visited some of the popular places recently.
A．how B．what C．when D．where
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：作为一个新到这个城市的人，我有很大的兴趣去发现这个城市是什么样子的，最近我参观了一些受欢迎的地方。此处是宾语从句，连接词在从句中作介词like的宾语，应用what引导，指代“这个城市是什么样子的”。故选B。
4．When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of Spring Festival was ______ I looked forward to most.
A．which B．what C．when D．where
【答案】B
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，年夜饭是我最期待的。was后是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应用连接代词what引导，指代“我最期待的东西”。故选B。
5．The exact year ________ Lucia and her family spent together in China was ________ the Beijing Olympic Games was held.
A．which; where B．when; when
C．which; when D．when; that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：露西亚和她的家人在中国度过的那一年正是北京奥运会举办的那一年。分析可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词是year，指物，从句中的spent 缺少宾语，应用关系代词which/that引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句需要时间状语，应用when引导。综上，故选C。
6．—Mary, could you please tell me ________?
—I have no idea. She has been sad like this for a while.
A．what Linda happened B．why Linda unhappy
C．what happened to Linda D．why was Linda unhappy
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——玛丽，你能告诉我琳达发生什么了吗？——我不知道，她像这样伤心一段时间了。动词后是宾语从句，用陈述语序，可以排除D，B项没有be动词，表示某人发生什么用happen to somebody，可以排除A。故选C。
7．He is confident ______ he will make great progress if he pays attention to his study.
A．of B．about C．that D．in
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他相信，如果他注意学习，他会取得很大的进步。A. of......的；B. about关于；C. that宾语从句的引导词，无意义，可省略；D. in在......里面。分析句子结构可知，这是一个含从句的复合句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整。故选C项。
8．——Could you tell me ________ we can start a conversation with a foreigner? —— Talking about weather is a good choice.
A．where B．when C．how
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：——你能告诉我怎样开始和外国人交谈吗？——谈论天气是一个不错的选择。A. where在哪里；B. when在何时；C. how怎样，如何。根据回答的“—— Talking about weather is a good choice.”可知，此处问的是“如何”开始和外国人交谈。故选C项。
9．________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A．Which B．What C．That D．Where
【答案】B
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：Barbara Jones带给歌迷的是诚实和快乐。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导主语从句，从句动词 offer后缺少宾语，表示具体的内容，所以空处需用连接词what引导主语从句。故选B。
10．A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A．when B．where C．what D．that
【答案】D
【解析】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：有个故事说，英国的伊丽莎白一世最喜欢的就是在宫廷里被聪明而合格的贵族包围。分析可知，Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court是解释说明名词A story的同位语从句，从句结构完整，不缺乏任何意义，用只起连接作用且无意义的that。故选D项。
11．— The Lego Batman Movie is so popular these days. Do you know _________?
— Oh, let me search for it on the Internet.
A．what kind of movie is it B．where is it produced
C．how long it lasts D．when was it produced
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——《乐高蝙蝠侠大电影》最近很受欢迎。你知道它会持续多久吗？——哦，让我在网上搜索一下。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序；结合选项可知，A,B和D是疑问语序，不符合题意。故选C。
12．—Can you tell me when________?
—About two weeks ago.
A．does he buy the car B．did he buy the car
C．he bought the car D．he buys the car
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——你能告诉我他什么时候买的车吗?——大约两周前。分析句子结构可知，此处when引导的是宾语从句，作动词tell的宾语，宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除选项A和B；再结合答语“About two weeks ago”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以宾语从句的谓语动词需用一般过去时。故选C。
13．―Linda, could you tell me ________ Paris?
―Sure. Last Saturday.
A．when Mr. Johnson left B．when Mr. Johnson will leave
C．when did Mr. Johnson leave D．when will Mr. Johnson leave
【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——琳达，你能告诉我约翰逊先生什么时候离开巴黎的吗?——当然。上周六。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词when引导宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除选项C和D；由答语时间状语Last Saturday可知，宾语从句的谓语动词需用一般过去时。故选A。
14．The foreigner asked me ________ to the Tian’anmen Square.
A．how could he get B．how he could get
C．how can he get D．how he can
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：那个外国人问我怎么去天安门广场。宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态的某种时态。此处从句应用一般过去时，且宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。故选B。
15．_________ was strange, though, was the very fact_________ she was wide awake and, according to her bedside clock, it was only a quarter to four.
A．It… that B．It…what C．What…that D．What…which
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：但奇怪的是，她完全醒着，而且根据她床边的闹钟，现在才差一刻四点。主语从句“_________ was strange”中缺少主语，且此处指事情，所以应用what引导；同位语从句是作“fact”的同位语，从句句意完整、不缺成分，所以应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选C。
16．At first, Facebook investors did experience_________ analyst Arvind Bhatia called “sticker shock” after learning that Facebook planned to pay $19 billion for WhatsApp, a company that had declared it had no plans to make money any time soon.
A．what B．that C．which D．as
【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：起初，在得知Facebook计划斥资190亿美元收购WhatsApp之后，Facebook的投资者确实经历了分析师阿尔温德•巴蒂亚(Arvind Bhatia)所说的“天价震惊”，而WhatsApp此前已宣布没有近期盈利的计划。A. what可引导宾语从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语；B. that引导宾语从句时不成当任何成分，无词义；C. which可引导宾语从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，意为“哪一个”； D. as不引导宾语从句；分析句子可知，该空在句中为宾语从句的引导词，在从句中充当宾语，应用what。故选A项。
17．The reason why he failed is_________he was too careless.
A．because B．that C．for D．because of
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：他失败的原因是太粗心了。A. because因为，表原因；B. that不做句子成分，没有实际意义；C. for因为，表原因；D. because of因为，不引导从句。分析句子可知，空后为表语从句，从句不缺成分，且引导词在从句中无实际意义，所以用that引导。故选B项。
18．Is this______we met them last night?
A．where B．place C．place in which D．place which
【答案】A
【解析】考查表语从句的引导词。句意：这是我们上次见面的地方吗？分析句子的结构可知：设空处应引导表语从句，结合句意，从句缺少地点状语。故答案为A。
19．What she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A．why B．what C．which D．how
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：她不能理解的是为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。what she couldn’t understand是主语从句，what在主语从句中作宾语。后面是一个表语从句，句子结构很完整所以应该使用连接副词，再从句意考虑，句中缺少原因状语，所以使用why。故选A。
20．Many of the procrastinators (拖延症患者) often care too much about the result of ________ they are doing and insist on it being perfect.
A．however B．no matter what C．whichever D．whatever
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：许多拖延者往往太在意他们所做事情的结果，并坚持要做到完美。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“无论什么”应用whatever引导。故选D。
高考必考题型练习
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（广东省广州市海珠区第六中学2022-2023学年高一上学期开学考试）Windsor Castle is surrounded by a lot of green gardens in the English countryside. It looks out onto the River Thames and sits next 1 a hunting ground. It was built just outside of London 2 (protect) the capital from the enemies on the west side.
Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest castle 3 (build) in the world. The castle has a long, rich and troubled history. 4 the castle walls could talk, they’d have many stories to tell.
Kings were born and 5 (die) here. It’s been used as the home of kings and queens for centuries. However, it was also used as a prison during the English Civil War Ⅱ. The royal family 6 (secret) slept at Windsor Castle because it was safer than London’s urban areas.
Then, Windsor Castle was the private home of Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ. When she didn’t meet guests at Buckingham Palace, she went to Windsor Castle. 7 that’s not all. Windsor Castle is open to the public. It is now one of England’s most popular tourist 8 (attract). Visitors can look at some of the finest artworks, 9 (include) the paintings of Rembrandt as well as the well-kept gardens. Is there a better way to learn about England 10 to enjoy some of the country’s finest scenery?
【答案】1．to 2．to protect 3．built 4．If 5．died 6．secretly 7．But 8．attractions 9．including 10．than
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的温莎城堡。
1．考查介词。句意：它眺望着泰晤士河，坐落在一个狩猎场旁边。next to固定搭配，意为“挨着；靠近”，故填to。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它就建在伦敦城外，以保护首都免受西面敌人的攻击。此处表示为了保护首都，应用不定式表示目的，作状语，故填to protect。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：温莎城堡是世界上最古老和最大的城堡。句中已有谓语，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词castle，且castle和动词build二者之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填built。
4．考查状语从句。句意：如果城墙会说话，他们就有很多故事可讲了。空处引导状语从句，表示“如果”，是条件状语从句，应用if来引导，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填If。
5．考查时态。句意： 国王在这里出生和死去。and前后连接并列谓语，由were可知，此处应用die的过去式died，故填died。
6．考查副词。句意：王室成员偷偷地睡在温莎城堡里，因为那里比伦敦的城市更安全。此处应用副词secretly修饰动词slept，表示“秘密的；偷偷地”，故填secretly。
7．考查连词。句意：但这还不是全部。句子前后是转折关系，应用转折连词but，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填But。
8．考查名词单复数。句意：它现在是英国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”，所以此处应用名词复数attractions，故填attractions。
9．考查介词。句意：游客可以欣赏到一些最优秀的艺术品，包括伦勃朗的绘画作品以及精心保养的花园。此处用介词including，和后面的名词短语一起作状语，故填including。
10．考查连词。句意：还有比欣赏英国最美的风景更好的方法来了解英国吗？由句意和better可知，空处连接两个比较的部分，此处表示“比”，应用连词than，故填than。
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