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【暑假初升高】外研版英语九年级（升高一）暑假预习-第03讲-非谓语动词 讲学案
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这是一份【暑假初升高】外研版英语九年级（升高一）暑假预习-第03讲-非谓语动词 讲学案，文件包含第03讲非谓语动词解析版docx、第03讲非谓语动词原卷版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共18页， 欢迎下载使用。
掌非谓语动词的基形式和考点。
学生初步会辨认非谓语动词。
学生会做简单的高考试题。
【基础知识】
1、定义要弄清：
什么是谓语动词？
She wn the gld medal f the 2008 Olympic games .
切记：在 一个简单句中有且只能有一个谓语动词。
什么又是非谓语动词？非谓语动词长什么样子？试着分析下面的句子成分。
The wise man always encurages his students t learn mre and think mre .
Learning English well is nt a big deal .
I am used t getting up early in the mrning .
T make mre prgress in English learning , she decides t study even harder than befre .
I ften see sme children play games under the tree .
China is a develping cuntry ,and the US is a develped cuntry .
非谓语动词的三种形式有：_____________ ____________ _____________
【考点剖析】
考点一：不定式
动词不定式的形式
例1．【单句填空】
1.______ fr her cllege educatin, she spent tw years wrking as a cleaner fr a rich family in her neighbrhd.
A. PayingB. PaidC. T payD. Being paid
2.S I attempted (translate) thrugh the things they were familiar with.
3.Smetimes, by caring nly abut the cups, we fail (enjy)the cffee.
4.The event serves nt nly as a spectacular ceremny t cmmemrate the wrld-famus Chinese philspher, but a chance (celebrate) Chinese culture tgether with ther lcal cmmunities.
5.His new idea was (make)the shell shapes n the rf int the shape f a ball.
6.In the Sng Dynasty, peple laded gunpwder n a kite (attack)the enemy by flying it int the sky abve the enemy camp, where it explded and caused chas.
7.They lse weight fr a while, nly (gain) mre when they stp the prgram.
8.Gals can help yu d and experience everything yu want in life and gals allw yu (make) yur life happen.
1【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了支付大学学费，她花了两年时间为附近一个富裕家庭当清洁工。此处表示目的，所以用不定式作目的状语，故C项正确。
2【答案】t translate
3【答案】t enjy
4【答案】t celebrate
5【答案】t make/making
6【答案】t attack
7【答案】t gain
8【答案】t make
考点二：ding
动词-ing形式包括了传统语法中所说的动名词(gerund)和现在分词(present participle)。所有行为动词都有-ing形式。情态动词和助动词（除be，have外）没有-ing形式。
意义相当于于一个名词：在句中像名词那样可以充当主语、宾语、或表语。还可以作定语。
动名词
动词的特征：有自己的宾语，自己的时态和语态变化，还可以保留自己的逻辑主语。
语态：表示主动意义，与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系，the rising sun
现在分词
时态：表示进行(短暂性，正在发生)的动作；falling leaves; a sleeping child
还表示一般（持久性）的动作，a prmising yung man; an understanding man
例2．【单句填空】
1.Recently a survey _______ prices f the same gds in tw different supermarkets has caused heated debate amng citizens.
A. cmparedB. cmparingC. cmparesD. being cmpared
2.I dn’t think it any gd _______ anther talk with him ver the matter.
A. hadB. havingC. haveD. t have
3.______ with animals in his father’s z when he was yung, Peter knws hw t keep them under cntrl.
A. Grwing upB. Having grwn upC. Grwn upD. Being grwn up
1【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语是a survey，谓语动词是has caused，宾语是heated debate。句子结构是完整的，因此我们要选择的只能是非谓语动词形式。“survey”与“cmpare”之间存在主动关系，因此用现在分词短语作后置定语。
2【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为和他再一次谈这个事情没有任何意义。一般的形式宾语代替的真正宾语都是不定式，但是也有例外，在一些约定俗成的用法中，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动名词放在后面。It is n gd ding smething就是这样的句型。这里是any gd，gd是名词，所以后面的宾语用的是动名词。故选B。
3【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小时候在父亲的动物园里和动物一起长大，皮特知道如何控制它们。Peter与grw up之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，且grw up这一动作明显发生在knws之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语，故B项正确。
二
1.It was he that first set up private schls and accepted students frm every walk f life withut (cnsider) their scial status.
2.In my mind, they’re helping us t becme calm and cnsider (win)and slving real prblems as well.
3.In the beginning, I wasn’t used t talk t strangers.
4.Yu can make mre friends frm different parts f the cuntry by serve them when wrking there.
5.Fr many peple, especially thse (live) in the ld parts f twns, this is undubtedly a prblem.
6.This site reprts science news (cver)a wide range f subjects.
7. (have) a balanced and healthy diet is anther gd chice.
8.Peking pera has a rich list f plays, artists, trupes(剧团), and wide influences, (make)it the leading pera in China.
9.After schl, I went back hme n time t help my parents d sme husewrk while enjy sme light music.
10.The rbt is pwered by a battery n its back, which can keep it (perate)fr an hur.
【答案】
1 cnsidering2 winning3 talk→talking4 serve→serving5 living6 cvering7 Having
8 making9 enjy→enjying10 perating
考点三：动词的过去分词
英语中过去分词可作宾补(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。作宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：
She fund the dr _________(break) in when she came back. (宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态)
1. 过去分词用在get，have，make 的后面。
注意“have ＋宾语＋过去分词”的两种情况：
(1)表示“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”。如：
I have had my bike ________(repair). 我已经请人把我的自行车修好了。
(2)表示“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受……影响，蒙受……损失”。如：
I had my wallet _______(steal) n a bus last mnth. 上个月在公汽上我的钱包被偷了。
2.“make＋宾语＋过去分词”，在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：
I raised my vice t make myself ________(heard). 我提高声音目的是让我自己被听见。
3. 过去分词用在感官动词watch，ntice，see，hear，listen t，feel，find等后面。如：
When we gt t schl, we saw the dr ________ (lck). 到学校时，我们发现门被锁了。
4. 过去分词用在“with ＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：
The thief was brught in with his hands ________(tie) behind his back. 那个小偷被带了进来，他的手被绑在背后。
5. 过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别：
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系，其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系，其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。如：
He didn’t ntice me _________(wait). 他没有注意到我正在等。
I heard the sng _______(sing) in English. 我听见这首歌用英语来唱了。
I saw him _________(pen) the windw. 我看见他正在开窗户。
I saw the windw ________(pen). 我看见窗户被开了。
I saw him ________(pen) the windw. 我看见他开了窗户。
I heard her ________(sing) the sng in English. 我听见她用英语唱了这首歌。
活学活用：
1.The fd (prepare) in this way keeps its fresh flavr and it’s this flavr that attracts peple frm ther cuntries t the art f Chinese cking.
2.As he unwrapped the gift, he saw that it was a bk (name) The Greatest Stry Ever Tld.
3.Fr his secnd appearance in frnt f the camera, Chaplin selected the cstume with which he became (identify).
4. (inspire)by the sparrw hawk(鹰)circling arund in the sky, Lu Ban made ne with bamb and called it “bamb sparrw”.
5.They start building their huts late in the summer, but d nt get them (finish) befre the early frsts.
6.During the Qin dynasty,t keep the enemy ut f his empire, Emperr Qin Shihuang had all the walls (jin)up.
【答案】
1prepared2named3identified4Inspired5finished6jined
【真题演练】
1.It is pssible ______ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
【答案】t walk
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+t d sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填t walk。
2.After ______ (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we…
【答案】spending
【解析】
考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
3.It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme ______ (educate)abut the areas - bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics…
【答案】educated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，educate与traveler之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，故填educated。
4.Minimize the impact f _____(visit)the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词f可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词f的宾语。故填visiting。
5.Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足)and accmmdatins aim ________(have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
【答案】t have
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim t d译为“旨在，目的是”。故填t have。
6.But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us ______(astnish).
【答案】astnished
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾非谓语动词。故填astnished。
7.…where yu can sit dwn t rest yur ____8____ (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用现在分词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
8.A lng- time neighbr said they never planted trees and nly kept a garden fr ne year. Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver ___8___ （plant）flwers in the frnt yard.
【答案】t plant
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为t plant。故填t plant。
9.Their answers als shw that they dislike talk t thers.
【答案】talk→talking
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike ding sth.，意为“不喜欢做某事”，ding为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。
10.Every piece f plastic _____ (create) will remain in the envirnment in sme frm, but…
【答案】created
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：每一块被制造出来的塑料都将以某种形式留在环境中，但如果你图方便把它扔掉，风和径流就会把垃圾带入下水道，直接流入海洋，影响海洋生物，包括鱼类，人类的主要食物来源。分析句子结构可知create在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语plastic构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填created。
【过关检测】
语法填空：真题回放
___________(apprach) the city center, we saw a stne statue f abut 10 meters in height.
____________(gather) arund the fire, the turists danced with the lcal peple.
______________(ffered) an imprtant rle in a new mvie, Andy has gt a chance t becme famus.
“In the beginning , there was nly small amunt f unfairness in the wrld , but everyne added a little, always ___________(think) that it was nly small and nt very imprtant, and lk where we have ended up tday.”
Mary will never frget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class ne day, __________(wear) sun glasses.
I suggest we shuld visit the Palace Museum __________(build) 600 years ag.
The rm is empty except fr a bkshelf ____________(stand) in ne crner.
Strms swept alng New Mexic’s brder with Texas n Friday, ______________(destry)hmes and ther buildings.
He gt up early ________________(catch) the first bus.
Passengers are permitted _______________(carry) nly ne piece f hand luggage nt the plane.
_____________(fund) in the early 20th century, the schl keeps n inspiring children’s lve f art.
When he wke up, Jhn fund himself _________(lie) in hspital.
I have a lt f husewrk ____________(d).
After ______________(finish) his higher educatin, he settled dwn in a village ding research wrk.
Befre driving int the city, yu are required t get yur car ________________(wash).
经典回放：非谓语动词作状语
The murderer was brught in, with his hands _______(tie)behind his back.
I culdn’t d my hmewrk with all that nise ____________(g) n.
__________(bite) twice, the pstman refused t deliver ur letters unless we changed ur dg.
The strm left, ____________(cause) a lt f damage t this area.
__________(see) that she was ging ff t sleep, I asked if she wuld like that little dll n her bed.
The bell ___________(indicate) the end f the perid rang, __________(interrupt) ur heated discussin.
语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step ___41___ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, ___42___ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince. Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ___43___ (bld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad. ___44___ friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental ___45___ (prtect). Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre ___46___ (meaning). The tw f them cllected mre than 1,000 plastic bttles alng the 40-day jurney.
In the last five cars. Ca ___47___ (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa’s ___48___ (high) muntain.
Nw, Ca has started the secnd part f his dream t walk alng the Belt and Rad rute. He flew 4, 700 kilmeters ___49___ Xi’an t Kashgar n seat. 20, ___50___ (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
【答案】41. t jurney
42. wh 43. held 44. A
45. prtectin
46. meaningful
47. has walked
48. highest
49. frm 50. planning
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，jurney为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填t jurney。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Ca Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hld应用非谓语动词形式，hld与cperatin之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词envirnmental可知，此处应用名词prtectin，作宾语，prtectin表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填prtectin。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
【47题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Ca为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
【48题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an t Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词frm，固定搭配frm…t…表示“从……到……”。故填frm。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
功能
例句
主语
T speak English well isn’t an easy jb.
宾语
They decided t change their mind.
宾语补足语
He helps the little girl t finish her hmewrk every day.
定语
He is always the first t cme and the last t leave.
表语
Our plan is t set up anther middle schl fr the children.
状语
目的
Every mrning he gets up very early t exercise.
结果
He arrived at the airprt t learn the filght had aleardy gne
主动
被动
一般式
(nt)t d
(nt)t be dne
进行式
(nt)t be ding
(nt)t be being dne
完成式
(nt)t have dne
(nt)t have been dne
功能
例句
主语
________(skate) n the thin ice is dangerus.
宾语
I finished __________(d) my hmewrk.
表语
The nurse’s jb is ________(lk) after the patients.
定语
She is reading in the ________(read) rm.
宾语补足语
He kept the machine ______(run) fr ten hurs.
状语
They went ut f the classrm，_______(talk) and _______(laugh).
功能
例句
表语
The dr remained _________(lck).
定语
The building __________(build) last year is nw a department stre.
宾语补足语
I heard my name ________(call).
状语
__________(heat) water changes int steam.
掌非谓语动词的基形式和考点。
学生初步会辨认非谓语动词。
学生会做简单的高考试题。
【基础知识】
1、定义要弄清：
什么是谓语动词？
She wn the gld medal f the 2008 Olympic games .
切记：在 一个简单句中有且只能有一个谓语动词。
什么又是非谓语动词？非谓语动词长什么样子？试着分析下面的句子成分。
The wise man always encurages his students t learn mre and think mre .
Learning English well is nt a big deal .
I am used t getting up early in the mrning .
T make mre prgress in English learning , she decides t study even harder than befre .
I ften see sme children play games under the tree .
China is a develping cuntry ,and the US is a develped cuntry .
非谓语动词的三种形式有：_____________ ____________ _____________
【考点剖析】
考点一：不定式
动词不定式的形式
例1．【单句填空】
1.______ fr her cllege educatin, she spent tw years wrking as a cleaner fr a rich family in her neighbrhd.
A. PayingB. PaidC. T payD. Being paid
2.S I attempted (translate) thrugh the things they were familiar with.
3.Smetimes, by caring nly abut the cups, we fail (enjy)the cffee.
4.The event serves nt nly as a spectacular ceremny t cmmemrate the wrld-famus Chinese philspher, but a chance (celebrate) Chinese culture tgether with ther lcal cmmunities.
5.His new idea was (make)the shell shapes n the rf int the shape f a ball.
6.In the Sng Dynasty, peple laded gunpwder n a kite (attack)the enemy by flying it int the sky abve the enemy camp, where it explded and caused chas.
7.They lse weight fr a while, nly (gain) mre when they stp the prgram.
8.Gals can help yu d and experience everything yu want in life and gals allw yu (make) yur life happen.
1【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了支付大学学费，她花了两年时间为附近一个富裕家庭当清洁工。此处表示目的，所以用不定式作目的状语，故C项正确。
2【答案】t translate
3【答案】t enjy
4【答案】t celebrate
5【答案】t make/making
6【答案】t attack
7【答案】t gain
8【答案】t make
考点二：ding
动词-ing形式包括了传统语法中所说的动名词(gerund)和现在分词(present participle)。所有行为动词都有-ing形式。情态动词和助动词（除be，have外）没有-ing形式。
意义相当于于一个名词：在句中像名词那样可以充当主语、宾语、或表语。还可以作定语。
动名词
动词的特征：有自己的宾语，自己的时态和语态变化，还可以保留自己的逻辑主语。
语态：表示主动意义，与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系，the rising sun
现在分词
时态：表示进行(短暂性，正在发生)的动作；falling leaves; a sleeping child
还表示一般（持久性）的动作，a prmising yung man; an understanding man
例2．【单句填空】
1.Recently a survey _______ prices f the same gds in tw different supermarkets has caused heated debate amng citizens.
A. cmparedB. cmparingC. cmparesD. being cmpared
2.I dn’t think it any gd _______ anther talk with him ver the matter.
A. hadB. havingC. haveD. t have
3.______ with animals in his father’s z when he was yung, Peter knws hw t keep them under cntrl.
A. Grwing upB. Having grwn upC. Grwn upD. Being grwn up
1【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语是a survey，谓语动词是has caused，宾语是heated debate。句子结构是完整的，因此我们要选择的只能是非谓语动词形式。“survey”与“cmpare”之间存在主动关系，因此用现在分词短语作后置定语。
2【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为和他再一次谈这个事情没有任何意义。一般的形式宾语代替的真正宾语都是不定式，但是也有例外，在一些约定俗成的用法中，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动名词放在后面。It is n gd ding smething就是这样的句型。这里是any gd，gd是名词，所以后面的宾语用的是动名词。故选B。
3【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小时候在父亲的动物园里和动物一起长大，皮特知道如何控制它们。Peter与grw up之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，且grw up这一动作明显发生在knws之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语，故B项正确。
二
1.It was he that first set up private schls and accepted students frm every walk f life withut (cnsider) their scial status.
2.In my mind, they’re helping us t becme calm and cnsider (win)and slving real prblems as well.
3.In the beginning, I wasn’t used t talk t strangers.
4.Yu can make mre friends frm different parts f the cuntry by serve them when wrking there.
5.Fr many peple, especially thse (live) in the ld parts f twns, this is undubtedly a prblem.
6.This site reprts science news (cver)a wide range f subjects.
7. (have) a balanced and healthy diet is anther gd chice.
8.Peking pera has a rich list f plays, artists, trupes(剧团), and wide influences, (make)it the leading pera in China.
9.After schl, I went back hme n time t help my parents d sme husewrk while enjy sme light music.
10.The rbt is pwered by a battery n its back, which can keep it (perate)fr an hur.
【答案】
1 cnsidering2 winning3 talk→talking4 serve→serving5 living6 cvering7 Having
8 making9 enjy→enjying10 perating
考点三：动词的过去分词
英语中过去分词可作宾补(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。作宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：
She fund the dr _________(break) in when she came back. (宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态)
1. 过去分词用在get，have，make 的后面。
注意“have ＋宾语＋过去分词”的两种情况：
(1)表示“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”。如：
I have had my bike ________(repair). 我已经请人把我的自行车修好了。
(2)表示“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受……影响，蒙受……损失”。如：
I had my wallet _______(steal) n a bus last mnth. 上个月在公汽上我的钱包被偷了。
2.“make＋宾语＋过去分词”，在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：
I raised my vice t make myself ________(heard). 我提高声音目的是让我自己被听见。
3. 过去分词用在感官动词watch，ntice，see，hear，listen t，feel，find等后面。如：
When we gt t schl, we saw the dr ________ (lck). 到学校时，我们发现门被锁了。
4. 过去分词用在“with ＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：
The thief was brught in with his hands ________(tie) behind his back. 那个小偷被带了进来，他的手被绑在背后。
5. 过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别：
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系，其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系，其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。如：
He didn’t ntice me _________(wait). 他没有注意到我正在等。
I heard the sng _______(sing) in English. 我听见这首歌用英语来唱了。
I saw him _________(pen) the windw. 我看见他正在开窗户。
I saw the windw ________(pen). 我看见窗户被开了。
I saw him ________(pen) the windw. 我看见他开了窗户。
I heard her ________(sing) the sng in English. 我听见她用英语唱了这首歌。
活学活用：
1.The fd (prepare) in this way keeps its fresh flavr and it’s this flavr that attracts peple frm ther cuntries t the art f Chinese cking.
2.As he unwrapped the gift, he saw that it was a bk (name) The Greatest Stry Ever Tld.
3.Fr his secnd appearance in frnt f the camera, Chaplin selected the cstume with which he became (identify).
4. (inspire)by the sparrw hawk(鹰)circling arund in the sky, Lu Ban made ne with bamb and called it “bamb sparrw”.
5.They start building their huts late in the summer, but d nt get them (finish) befre the early frsts.
6.During the Qin dynasty,t keep the enemy ut f his empire, Emperr Qin Shihuang had all the walls (jin)up.
【答案】
1prepared2named3identified4Inspired5finished6jined
【真题演练】
1.It is pssible ______ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
【答案】t walk
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+t d sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填t walk。
2.After ______ (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we…
【答案】spending
【解析】
考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
3.It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme ______ (educate)abut the areas - bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics…
【答案】educated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，educate与traveler之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，故填educated。
4.Minimize the impact f _____(visit)the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词f可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词f的宾语。故填visiting。
5.Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足)and accmmdatins aim ________(have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
【答案】t have
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim t d译为“旨在，目的是”。故填t have。
6.But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us ______(astnish).
【答案】astnished
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾非谓语动词。故填astnished。
7.…where yu can sit dwn t rest yur ____8____ (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用现在分词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
8.A lng- time neighbr said they never planted trees and nly kept a garden fr ne year. Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver ___8___ （plant）flwers in the frnt yard.
【答案】t plant
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为t plant。故填t plant。
9.Their answers als shw that they dislike talk t thers.
【答案】talk→talking
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike ding sth.，意为“不喜欢做某事”，ding为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。
10.Every piece f plastic _____ (create) will remain in the envirnment in sme frm, but…
【答案】created
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：每一块被制造出来的塑料都将以某种形式留在环境中，但如果你图方便把它扔掉，风和径流就会把垃圾带入下水道，直接流入海洋，影响海洋生物，包括鱼类，人类的主要食物来源。分析句子结构可知create在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语plastic构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填created。
【过关检测】
语法填空：真题回放
___________(apprach) the city center, we saw a stne statue f abut 10 meters in height.
____________(gather) arund the fire, the turists danced with the lcal peple.
______________(ffered) an imprtant rle in a new mvie, Andy has gt a chance t becme famus.
“In the beginning , there was nly small amunt f unfairness in the wrld , but everyne added a little, always ___________(think) that it was nly small and nt very imprtant, and lk where we have ended up tday.”
Mary will never frget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class ne day, __________(wear) sun glasses.
I suggest we shuld visit the Palace Museum __________(build) 600 years ag.
The rm is empty except fr a bkshelf ____________(stand) in ne crner.
Strms swept alng New Mexic’s brder with Texas n Friday, ______________(destry)hmes and ther buildings.
He gt up early ________________(catch) the first bus.
Passengers are permitted _______________(carry) nly ne piece f hand luggage nt the plane.
_____________(fund) in the early 20th century, the schl keeps n inspiring children’s lve f art.
When he wke up, Jhn fund himself _________(lie) in hspital.
I have a lt f husewrk ____________(d).
After ______________(finish) his higher educatin, he settled dwn in a village ding research wrk.
Befre driving int the city, yu are required t get yur car ________________(wash).
经典回放：非谓语动词作状语
The murderer was brught in, with his hands _______(tie)behind his back.
I culdn’t d my hmewrk with all that nise ____________(g) n.
__________(bite) twice, the pstman refused t deliver ur letters unless we changed ur dg.
The strm left, ____________(cause) a lt f damage t this area.
__________(see) that she was ging ff t sleep, I asked if she wuld like that little dll n her bed.
The bell ___________(indicate) the end f the perid rang, __________(interrupt) ur heated discussin.
语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step ___41___ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, ___42___ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince. Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ___43___ (bld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad. ___44___ friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental ___45___ (prtect). Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre ___46___ (meaning). The tw f them cllected mre than 1,000 plastic bttles alng the 40-day jurney.
In the last five cars. Ca ___47___ (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa’s ___48___ (high) muntain.
Nw, Ca has started the secnd part f his dream t walk alng the Belt and Rad rute. He flew 4, 700 kilmeters ___49___ Xi’an t Kashgar n seat. 20, ___50___ (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
【答案】41. t jurney
42. wh 43. held 44. A
45. prtectin
46. meaningful
47. has walked
48. highest
49. frm 50. planning
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，jurney为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填t jurney。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Ca Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hld应用非谓语动词形式，hld与cperatin之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词envirnmental可知，此处应用名词prtectin，作宾语，prtectin表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填prtectin。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
【47题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Ca为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
【48题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an t Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词frm，固定搭配frm…t…表示“从……到……”。故填frm。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
功能
例句
主语
T speak English well isn’t an easy jb.
宾语
They decided t change their mind.
宾语补足语
He helps the little girl t finish her hmewrk every day.
定语
He is always the first t cme and the last t leave.
表语
Our plan is t set up anther middle schl fr the children.
状语
目的
Every mrning he gets up very early t exercise.
结果
He arrived at the airprt t learn the filght had aleardy gne
主动
被动
一般式
(nt)t d
(nt)t be dne
进行式
(nt)t be ding
(nt)t be being dne
完成式
(nt)t have dne
(nt)t have been dne
功能
例句
主语
________(skate) n the thin ice is dangerus.
宾语
I finished __________(d) my hmewrk.
表语
The nurse’s jb is ________(lk) after the patients.
定语
She is reading in the ________(read) rm.
宾语补足语
He kept the machine ______(run) fr ten hurs.
状语
They went ut f the classrm，_______(talk) and _______(laugh).
功能
例句
表语
The dr remained _________(lck).
定语
The building __________(build) last year is nw a department stre.
宾语补足语
I heard my name ________(call).
状语
__________(heat) water changes int steam.
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