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【暑假提升】外研版2019英语高一（升高二）暑假选修1-第02讲 非谓语动词 讲学案
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这是一份【暑假提升】外研版2019英语高一（升高二）暑假选修1-第02讲 非谓语动词 讲学案，文件包含暑假提升外研版2019英语高一升高二暑假选修1-第02讲非谓语动词解析版docx、暑假提升外研版2019英语高一升高二暑假选修1-第02讲非谓语动词原卷版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共23页， 欢迎下载使用。
第02讲 非谓语动词
1. 复习非谓语动词的基本形式和用法。
2. 学会区别非谓语动词的用法及灵活运用。
1、定义要弄清：
什么是谓语动词？
She won the gold medal of the 2008 Olympic games .
切记：在 一个简单句中有且只能有一个谓语动词。
什么又是非谓语动词？非谓语动词长什么样子？试着分析下面的句子成分。
The wise man always encourages his students to learn more and think more .
Learning English well is not a big deal .
I am used to getting up early in the morning .
To make more progress in English learning , she decides to study even harder than before .
I often see some children play games under the tree .
China is a developing country ,and the US is a developed country .
非谓语动词的三种形式有：_____________ ____________ _____________
区别下面句子并用括号中词的正确形式填空
①Li Jian______________ (know) as a singer.
②Li jian, _____________ (know) as a singer, donated a lot.
①The party ____________ (hold) yesterday is a great success.
②The party _____________(hold) in the meeting room yesterday.
①Many old ___________(retire) men are treated kindly in China
②He said his father ___________(retire)three years ago.
①He has worked on the development of nuclear submarine, _______ (lead) his team to carry out research and development of a series of key models.
②He has worked on the development of nuclear submarine, ________ (lead) his team to carry out research and development of a series of key models, and trained a large number of outstanding scientific and technological talents.
找一找下面句子中的非谓，并说说它的功能
1. Have you seen the bridge built in 1990?
2. The witnesses questioned by the police just now gave different descriptions of the fight.
3. The next thing he saw was smoke rising from behind the house.
4. He died, leaving an orphan.
5. Turning around, I found a white-haired man.
6. They lay on the grass, looking at the sky.
7. The professor came in, followed by the students.
8. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, causing the delay.
9. I found him lying on his back on the ground.
10. When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
11. To help them do this, some senior high schools offer courses in time management.
12. Grandfather and father, seated at the table, are playing chess.
13. Located off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is the biggest structure made by living organisms.
考点一：不定式
功能
例句
主语
To speak English well isn’t an easy job.
宾语
They decided to change their mind.
宾语补足语
He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.
定语
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
表语
Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.
状语
目的
Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.
结果
He arrived at the airport to learn the filght had aleardy gone
动词不定式的形式
主动
被动
一般式
(not)to do
(not)to be done
进行式
(not)to be doing
(not)to be being done
完成式
(not)to have done
(not)to have been done
例1．
1.______ for her college education, she spent two years working as a cleaner for a rich family in her neighborhood.
A. Paying B. Paid C. To pay D. Being paid
2.So I attempted (translate) through the things they were familiar with.
3.Sometimes, by caring only about the cups, we fail (enjoy)the coffee.
4.The event serves not only as a spectacular ceremony to commemorate the world-famous Chinese philosopher, but a chance (celebrate) Chinese culture together with other local communities.
5.His new idea was (make)the shell shapes on the roof into the shape of a ball.
6.In the Song Dynasty, people loaded gunpowder on a kite (attack)the enemy by flying it into the sky above the enemy camp, where it exploded and caused chaos.
7.They lose weight for a while, only (gain) more when they stop the program.
8.Goals can help you do and experience everything you want in life and goals allow you (make) your life happen.
1【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了支付大学学费，她花了两年时间为附近一个富裕家庭当清洁工。此处表示目的，所以用不定式作目的状语，故C项正确。
2【答案】to translate
3【答案】to enjoy
4【答案】to celebrate
5【答案】to make/making
6【答案】to attack
7【答案】to gain
8【答案】to make
考点二：动词-ing形式包括了传统语法中所说的动名词(gerund)和现在分词(present participle)。所有行为动词都有-ing形式。情态动词和助动词（除be，have外）没有-ing形式。
意义相当于于一个名词：在句中像名词那样可以充当主语、宾语、或表语。还可以作定语。
动名词
动词的特征：有自己的宾语，自己的时态和语态变化，还可以保留自己的逻辑主语。
语态：表示主动意义，与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系，the rising sun
现在分词
时态：表示进行(短暂性，正在发生)的动作；falling leaves; a sleeping child
还表示一般（持久性）的动作，a promising young man; an understanding man
功能
例句
主语
________(skate) on the thin ice is dangerous.
宾语
I finished __________(do) my homework.
表语
The nurse’s job is ________(look) after the patients.
定语
She is reading in the ________(read) room.
宾语补足语
He kept the machine ______(run) for ten hours.
状语
They went out of the classroom，_______(talk) and _______(laugh).
例2．
1.It was he that first set up private schools and accepted students from every walk of life without (consider) their social status.
2.In my mind, they’re helping us to become calm and consider (win)and solving real problems as well.
3.In the beginning, I wasn’t used to talk to strangers.
4.You can make more friends from different parts of the country by serve them when working there.
5.For many people, especially those (live) in the old parts of towns, this is undoubtedly a problem.
6.This site reports science news (cover)a wide range of subjects.
7. (have) a balanced and healthy diet is another good choice.
8.Peking opera has a rich list of plays, artists, troupes(剧团), and wide influences, (make)it the leading opera in China.
9.After school, I went back home on time to help my parents do some housework while enjoy some light music.
10.The robot is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it (operate)for an hour.
【答案】
1 considering2 winning3 talk→talking4 serve→serving5 living6 covering7 Having
8 making9 enjoy→enjoying10 operating
考点三：动词的过去分词
功能
例句
表语
The door remained _________(lock).
定语
The building __________(build) last year is now a department store.
宾语补足语
I heard my name ________(call).
状语
__________(heat) water changes into steam.
英语中过去分词可作宾补(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。作宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：
She found the door _________(break) in when she came back. (宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态)
1. 过去分词用在get，have，make 的后面。
注意“have ＋宾语＋过去分词”的两种情况：
(1)表示“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”。如：
I have had my bike ________(repair). 我已经请人把我的自行车修好了。
(2)表示“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受……影响，蒙受……损失”。如：
I had my wallet _______(steal) on a bus last month. 上个月在公汽上我的钱包被偷了。
2.“make＋宾语＋过去分词”，在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：
I raised my voice to make myself ________(heard). 我提高声音目的是让我自己被听见。
3. 过去分词用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等后面。如：
When we got to school, we saw the door ________ (lock). 到学校时，我们发现门被锁了。
4. 过去分词用在“with ＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands ________(tie) behind his back. 那个小偷被带了进来，他的手被绑在背后。
5. 过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别：
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系，其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系，其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。如：
He didn’t notice me _________(wait). 他没有注意到我正在等。
I heard the song _______(sing) in English. 我听见这首歌用英语来唱了。
I saw him _________(open) the window. 我看见他正在开窗户。
I saw the window ________(open). 我看见窗户被开了。
I saw him ________(open) the window. 我看见他开了窗户。
I heard her ________(sing) the song in English. 我听见她用英语唱了这首歌。
例3．
1.The food (prepare) in this way keeps its fresh flavor and it’s this flavor that attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking.
2.As he unwrapped the gift, he saw that it was a book (name) The Greatest Story Ever Told.
3.For his second appearance in front of the camera, Chaplin selected the costume with which he became (identify).
4. (inspire)by the sparrow hawk(鹰)circling around in the sky, Lu Ban made one with bamboo and called it “bamboo sparrow”.
5.They start building their huts late in the summer, but do not get them (finish) before the early frosts.
6.During the Qin dynasty,to keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls (join)up.
【答案】
1prepared2named3identified4Inspired5finished6joined
考点四：with 的复合结构
1. With the camera still held to my eye, I turned … .and froze.
2. With water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at me.
3.Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”, with around half the population spending their free time gardening.
例4．【针对练习】
翻译下面句子：
1 with_______________________, the man had to come out of his hiding place. (run ) 耗尽了他的食物，这个人不得
不走出藏身地。
2 He sat in the chair with __________________ (cross) 他跷着二郎腿坐在椅子上。
3 With _______________________every day, they grow well.(water)
因为每天都给这些花浇水，所以它们长得很好。
4 Many people find it hard to make ends meet with prices __________so fast.(go up ) 物价上涨的这么快,很多人感觉
维持生计都很困难了。
5 With a lot of problems ___________, the boss can’t fall asleep at night.(settle)
有很多问题要解决，这个老板晚上都睡不着觉。
1.It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
2.After ______ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we…
【答案】spending
【解析】
考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
3.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ______ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics…
【答案】educated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，educate与traveler之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，故填educated。
4.Minimize the impact of _____(visit)the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
5.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
6.But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ______(astonish).
【答案】astonished
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾非谓语动词。故填astonished。
7.…where you can sit down to rest your ____8____ (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用现在分词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
8.A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___8___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
【答案】to plant
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
9.Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.
【答案】talk→talking
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth.，意为“不喜欢做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。
10.Every piece of plastic _____ (create) will remain in the environment in some form, but…
【答案】created
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：每一块被制造出来的塑料都将以某种形式留在环境中，但如果你图方便把它扔掉，风和径流就会把垃圾带入下水道，直接流入海洋，影响海洋生物，包括鱼类，人类的主要食物来源。分析句子结构可知create在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语plastic构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填created。
语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___41___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___42___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___43___ (bold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___44___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___45___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___46___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five cars. Cao ___47___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___48___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___49___ Xi’an to Kashgar on seat. 20, ___50___ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】41. to journey
42. who 43. held 44. A
45. protection
46. meaningful
47. has walked
48. highest
49. from 50. planning
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
【47题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
【48题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
1.（全国I卷）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
2.（全国I卷）Scientists have responded by _____ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
3.（全国II卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
4. (北京卷)Nervously _____ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
5.（全国II卷）When we got a call ______ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
6.（全国III卷）On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take _____ (get)there.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
7.（全国III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，_____ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
8.（浙江高考）When the children are walking or ______ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
9.（浙江高考）But some students didn't want ______ (wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
10. I felt hopeless and lonely, and more ________ (depress) than I knew was possible．
【答案】depressed
【解析】 句意：我感到绝望、孤独及前所未有过的沮丧。设空处作felt的表语，故填depressed。
三、单句改错
1.（全国I卷）All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
【答案】say改为saying
【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
2.（全国III卷）Now my dream is to opens a cafe.
【答案】opens改为 open
【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语，to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。
3. Honesty, considering as a good quality, is of vital important.
considering→considered
4. Beside, you’d better to keep your promise and try to do things well.
去掉better后的to
5. Plan a trip to China with family takes on a different meaning.
Plan--Planning
第02讲 非谓语动词
1. 复习非谓语动词的基本形式和用法。
2. 学会区别非谓语动词的用法及灵活运用。
1、定义要弄清：
什么是谓语动词？
She won the gold medal of the 2008 Olympic games .
切记：在 一个简单句中有且只能有一个谓语动词。
什么又是非谓语动词？非谓语动词长什么样子？试着分析下面的句子成分。
The wise man always encourages his students to learn more and think more .
Learning English well is not a big deal .
I am used to getting up early in the morning .
To make more progress in English learning , she decides to study even harder than before .
I often see some children play games under the tree .
China is a developing country ,and the US is a developed country .
非谓语动词的三种形式有：_____________ ____________ _____________
区别下面句子并用括号中词的正确形式填空
①Li Jian______________ (know) as a singer.
②Li jian, _____________ (know) as a singer, donated a lot.
①The party ____________ (hold) yesterday is a great success.
②The party _____________(hold) in the meeting room yesterday.
①Many old ___________(retire) men are treated kindly in China
②He said his father ___________(retire)three years ago.
①He has worked on the development of nuclear submarine, _______ (lead) his team to carry out research and development of a series of key models.
②He has worked on the development of nuclear submarine, ________ (lead) his team to carry out research and development of a series of key models, and trained a large number of outstanding scientific and technological talents.
找一找下面句子中的非谓，并说说它的功能
1. Have you seen the bridge built in 1990?
2. The witnesses questioned by the police just now gave different descriptions of the fight.
3. The next thing he saw was smoke rising from behind the house.
4. He died, leaving an orphan.
5. Turning around, I found a white-haired man.
6. They lay on the grass, looking at the sky.
7. The professor came in, followed by the students.
8. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, causing the delay.
9. I found him lying on his back on the ground.
10. When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
11. To help them do this, some senior high schools offer courses in time management.
12. Grandfather and father, seated at the table, are playing chess.
13. Located off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is the biggest structure made by living organisms.
考点一：不定式
功能
例句
主语
To speak English well isn’t an easy job.
宾语
They decided to change their mind.
宾语补足语
He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.
定语
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
表语
Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.
状语
目的
Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.
结果
He arrived at the airport to learn the filght had aleardy gone
动词不定式的形式
主动
被动
一般式
(not)to do
(not)to be done
进行式
(not)to be doing
(not)to be being done
完成式
(not)to have done
(not)to have been done
例1．
1.______ for her college education, she spent two years working as a cleaner for a rich family in her neighborhood.
A. Paying B. Paid C. To pay D. Being paid
2.So I attempted (translate) through the things they were familiar with.
3.Sometimes, by caring only about the cups, we fail (enjoy)the coffee.
4.The event serves not only as a spectacular ceremony to commemorate the world-famous Chinese philosopher, but a chance (celebrate) Chinese culture together with other local communities.
5.His new idea was (make)the shell shapes on the roof into the shape of a ball.
6.In the Song Dynasty, people loaded gunpowder on a kite (attack)the enemy by flying it into the sky above the enemy camp, where it exploded and caused chaos.
7.They lose weight for a while, only (gain) more when they stop the program.
8.Goals can help you do and experience everything you want in life and goals allow you (make) your life happen.
1【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了支付大学学费，她花了两年时间为附近一个富裕家庭当清洁工。此处表示目的，所以用不定式作目的状语，故C项正确。
2【答案】to translate
3【答案】to enjoy
4【答案】to celebrate
5【答案】to make/making
6【答案】to attack
7【答案】to gain
8【答案】to make
考点二：动词-ing形式包括了传统语法中所说的动名词(gerund)和现在分词(present participle)。所有行为动词都有-ing形式。情态动词和助动词（除be，have外）没有-ing形式。
意义相当于于一个名词：在句中像名词那样可以充当主语、宾语、或表语。还可以作定语。
动名词
动词的特征：有自己的宾语，自己的时态和语态变化，还可以保留自己的逻辑主语。
语态：表示主动意义，与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系，the rising sun
现在分词
时态：表示进行(短暂性，正在发生)的动作；falling leaves; a sleeping child
还表示一般（持久性）的动作，a promising young man; an understanding man
功能
例句
主语
________(skate) on the thin ice is dangerous.
宾语
I finished __________(do) my homework.
表语
The nurse’s job is ________(look) after the patients.
定语
She is reading in the ________(read) room.
宾语补足语
He kept the machine ______(run) for ten hours.
状语
They went out of the classroom，_______(talk) and _______(laugh).
例2．
1.It was he that first set up private schools and accepted students from every walk of life without (consider) their social status.
2.In my mind, they’re helping us to become calm and consider (win)and solving real problems as well.
3.In the beginning, I wasn’t used to talk to strangers.
4.You can make more friends from different parts of the country by serve them when working there.
5.For many people, especially those (live) in the old parts of towns, this is undoubtedly a problem.
6.This site reports science news (cover)a wide range of subjects.
7. (have) a balanced and healthy diet is another good choice.
8.Peking opera has a rich list of plays, artists, troupes(剧团), and wide influences, (make)it the leading opera in China.
9.After school, I went back home on time to help my parents do some housework while enjoy some light music.
10.The robot is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it (operate)for an hour.
【答案】
1 considering2 winning3 talk→talking4 serve→serving5 living6 covering7 Having
8 making9 enjoy→enjoying10 operating
考点三：动词的过去分词
功能
例句
表语
The door remained _________(lock).
定语
The building __________(build) last year is now a department store.
宾语补足语
I heard my name ________(call).
状语
__________(heat) water changes into steam.
英语中过去分词可作宾补(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。作宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：
She found the door _________(break) in when she came back. (宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态)
1. 过去分词用在get，have，make 的后面。
注意“have ＋宾语＋过去分词”的两种情况：
(1)表示“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”。如：
I have had my bike ________(repair). 我已经请人把我的自行车修好了。
(2)表示“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受……影响，蒙受……损失”。如：
I had my wallet _______(steal) on a bus last month. 上个月在公汽上我的钱包被偷了。
2.“make＋宾语＋过去分词”，在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：
I raised my voice to make myself ________(heard). 我提高声音目的是让我自己被听见。
3. 过去分词用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等后面。如：
When we got to school, we saw the door ________ (lock). 到学校时，我们发现门被锁了。
4. 过去分词用在“with ＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands ________(tie) behind his back. 那个小偷被带了进来，他的手被绑在背后。
5. 过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别：
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系，其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系，其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。如：
He didn’t notice me _________(wait). 他没有注意到我正在等。
I heard the song _______(sing) in English. 我听见这首歌用英语来唱了。
I saw him _________(open) the window. 我看见他正在开窗户。
I saw the window ________(open). 我看见窗户被开了。
I saw him ________(open) the window. 我看见他开了窗户。
I heard her ________(sing) the song in English. 我听见她用英语唱了这首歌。
例3．
1.The food (prepare) in this way keeps its fresh flavor and it’s this flavor that attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking.
2.As he unwrapped the gift, he saw that it was a book (name) The Greatest Story Ever Told.
3.For his second appearance in front of the camera, Chaplin selected the costume with which he became (identify).
4. (inspire)by the sparrow hawk(鹰)circling around in the sky, Lu Ban made one with bamboo and called it “bamboo sparrow”.
5.They start building their huts late in the summer, but do not get them (finish) before the early frosts.
6.During the Qin dynasty,to keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls (join)up.
【答案】
1prepared2named3identified4Inspired5finished6joined
考点四：with 的复合结构
1. With the camera still held to my eye, I turned … .and froze.
2. With water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at me.
3.Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”, with around half the population spending their free time gardening.
例4．【针对练习】
翻译下面句子：
1 with_______________________, the man had to come out of his hiding place. (run ) 耗尽了他的食物，这个人不得
不走出藏身地。
2 He sat in the chair with __________________ (cross) 他跷着二郎腿坐在椅子上。
3 With _______________________every day, they grow well.(water)
因为每天都给这些花浇水，所以它们长得很好。
4 Many people find it hard to make ends meet with prices __________so fast.(go up ) 物价上涨的这么快,很多人感觉
维持生计都很困难了。
5 With a lot of problems ___________, the boss can’t fall asleep at night.(settle)
有很多问题要解决，这个老板晚上都睡不着觉。
1.It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
2.After ______ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we…
【答案】spending
【解析】
考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
3.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ______ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics…
【答案】educated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，educate与traveler之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，故填educated。
4.Minimize the impact of _____(visit)the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
5.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
6.But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ______(astonish).
【答案】astonished
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾非谓语动词。故填astonished。
7.…where you can sit down to rest your ____8____ (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用现在分词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
8.A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___8___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
【答案】to plant
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
9.Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.
【答案】talk→talking
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth.，意为“不喜欢做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。
10.Every piece of plastic _____ (create) will remain in the environment in some form, but…
【答案】created
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：每一块被制造出来的塑料都将以某种形式留在环境中，但如果你图方便把它扔掉，风和径流就会把垃圾带入下水道，直接流入海洋，影响海洋生物，包括鱼类，人类的主要食物来源。分析句子结构可知create在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语plastic构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填created。
语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___41___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___42___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___43___ (bold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___44___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___45___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___46___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five cars. Cao ___47___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___48___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___49___ Xi’an to Kashgar on seat. 20, ___50___ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】41. to journey
42. who 43. held 44. A
45. protection
46. meaningful
47. has walked
48. highest
49. from 50. planning
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
【47题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
【48题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
1.（全国I卷）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
2.（全国I卷）Scientists have responded by _____ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
3.（全国II卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
4. (北京卷)Nervously _____ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
5.（全国II卷）When we got a call ______ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
6.（全国III卷）On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take _____ (get)there.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
7.（全国III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，_____ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
8.（浙江高考）When the children are walking or ______ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
9.（浙江高考）But some students didn't want ______ (wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
10. I felt hopeless and lonely, and more ________ (depress) than I knew was possible．
【答案】depressed
【解析】 句意：我感到绝望、孤独及前所未有过的沮丧。设空处作felt的表语，故填depressed。
三、单句改错
1.（全国I卷）All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
【答案】say改为saying
【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
2.（全国III卷）Now my dream is to opens a cafe.
【答案】opens改为 open
【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语，to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。
3. Honesty, considering as a good quality, is of vital important.
considering→considered
4. Beside, you’d better to keep your promise and try to do things well.
去掉better后的to
5. Plan a trip to China with family takes on a different meaning.
Plan--Planning
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