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【暑假提升】外研版2019英语高一（升高二）暑假选修1-第03讲定语从句（原卷版）.docx
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第03讲定语从句

复习定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法。
掌握定语从句在阅读写作的运用。

定语是什么？

基本概念：

(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。

(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。

先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

(3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用：

A. 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

B. 必在从句中作某个句子成份

C, 指代先行词

关系词		指代人或物	定语从句中充当的成分
关系代词	that	人或物	主语、宾语、表语
	which	物或主句内容	主语、宾语
	who	人	主语或宾语
	whom	人	宾语
	whose	人或物	定语
关系副词	when	时间	状语
	where	地点	状语
	why	原因	状语

定语从句三步曲：

第一找出先行词；

第二找出定语从句

第三看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句

考点一：关系代词+不完整从句

考向1：关系代词基本用法

指人时可以用who，也可用that。

1）The man who/that lives next to us is a policeman.

2）Do you know the girl who/that is in red?

指物时可以用which，也可用that。

1) I like music that/which I can dance to.

2) What do you think of the movie that/which was shown last night?

活学活用：

I love singers . Singers write their own songs.

改写：

who在从句中用作主语。

He is the man . I met the man yesterday.

改写：

考向2：关系代词的特殊用法

1：先行词是人，只能用who,不能用that的情况。

1）指人的不定代词做先行词时，只能用who.

We should help anyone who is in need.

2）非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指人的先行词隔开的句子，只能用who.

I’m Li Hua, who is studying in London during the summer vacation.

2：先行词是物，只能用which，不能用that的情况。

1）介词+which

There are two chairs in the room, both of which are broken.

2）非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指物的先行词隔开的句子，只能用which

They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.

3：先行词是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或who的情况。

（1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。

1) I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.

2) The only thing that we could do was to wait.

3) The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.

（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代词时。

The girl handed everything that she had picked up in the street to the police.

（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。

He was looking pleasantly at the children and books that filled his bus.

（4）先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。

The village is no longer the one that it was 5 years ago.

（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。

Which are the books that you bought for me ?

例1．

1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.

2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.

3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.

4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.

5. Look out ! Don't get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair.

考点二：关系副词+完整从句

关系副词有when,where, why三个，在定语从句中一般作状语。

关系副词的作用

关系词		指代人或物	定语从句中充当的成分
关系副词	when	时间	状语
	where	地点	状语
	why	原因	状语

例2．

The reason __________he did it is not clear.

The reason __________he gave to the teacher is unbelievable.

I will never forget the day_________I met.

I will never forget the day ___________we spent together.

考点三：非限制性从句

判断下面两个句子是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。

I lost all the money you lent me yesterday.
I lost all the money, without which I had to walk home.

例3．

1.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 　　　　is not good for the health.

2.But Sarah, 　　　　has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.

3.My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 　　　　I was the first Western TV reporter.

考点四：介词+关系代词which/whom

1） This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.

2） The babies (whom/who/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.

3） He loves his parents deeply, all of whom are very kind to him.

例4．【针对练习】

1. Do you like the book ___________she spent $10?

2. Do you like the book ___________she paid $10?

3. Do you like the book ___________ she learned a lot?

4. Do you like the book ______________ she often talks?

5. He built a telescope ______________ he could study the skies.

6. There is a tall tree outside, _____________ stands our teacher.

7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________ is the Yellow River.

8. The tower _____________ people can have a good view is on the hill.

9. The man ____________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.

10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

11. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.

12. I still remember the day ___ _____ I first got to Paris.

1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.

2.(2022年全国甲卷)On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.

3.(2021新高考Ⅰ,39)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum　　　opened in 1759.

4.(2021课标全国Ⅰ,63)Because the moon?s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot　　　it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.

5.(2020课标全国Ⅲ,61)In ancient China lived an artist　　　paintings were almost lifelike.

6.(2020江苏,21)Many lessons are now available online, from 　　　students can choose for free.

7.(2020天津,6)Dr. Rowan, 　　　secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.

8. (2021·北京市·期末)It was all happening too quickly, made many people feel nervous.

9. (2021·北京市·期末)The university, many top students study, is cutting its enrollment in half next term.

10. (2023·安徽省·单元测试)Some of the roads were flooded, ______ made our journey more difficult.

11. (2022·全国·月考试卷)Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

12. (2020·全国·模拟题)My grandma was born at a time ______ mobile phones were not even in people's imaginations.

13. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child

14. According to historians, there hasn't been a country with such a large population in human history ______ has made such profound changes and improvements within such a short span of time.

15. (2022·江苏省南京市·期末考试)A lot of language learning, ______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period．

语法填空

In China, food deliverymen are always in a rush between traffic regardless of wind or rain. ____1____ they make our life more convenient, this can come at ____2____ cost for them. On food delivery service platforms, the time limit is calculated by an algorithm （算法）.But it doesn't consider real-life ____3____（ situation）, such as red lights and speed limits. For deliverymen, delay means a decrease in pay. So they speed up and often break traffic rules, ____4____ （put） not only their own lives at risk, but also the lives of others. Many people scolded and asked the platforms to improve the regulations on delivery. ____5____ response, Eleme announced it would add a button to the app, ____6____ allows customers to extend the time limit. But this created more ____7____（ heat） debate, as some felt the company was distracting attention. The Shanghai Customer Council commented that the move was not reasonable, adding that the problems should ____8____（settle） between the companies and their employees. Also, even with the ability ____9____（ allow） more time for delivery, some users felt this would not _____10_____ （full） address the problems.

单句填空

11.He wrote a long letter 　　　　he explained what had happened in the accident.

12.We are hoping for support from Mr Webster,without 　　　　support we can’t make it.

13.Some of the teachers at the college asked Dr Naismith to invent a game　　　　can be played indoors.

14.Sierra Leone is a country 　　　　basic health facilities are lacking and many people are struggling with poverty.

15.Those motorcycles,　　　　a huge umbrella is fixed,are a huge threat to people walking in the street.

16.I’m sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier,for 　　　　,I must say,I apologize.

17.Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life 　　　　they aren’t content with their parents.

18.Once there lived a rich man 　　　　wanted to do something for the people of his town.

19.We’ve reached the Nullabor Plain 　　　　stretches for 1,000 km and is completely flat.

20.Without thinking too much about it,I went to the Student Affairs Office,　　　　 I knew I could find clothes in the “Lost and Found” box.

不同语境中长难句定语从句的使用

邀请信

1） I‘m writing to invite you to participate in a hiking organized by me， which some of our classmates will take part in.

翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________________

2) 我写信邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。