【暑假提升】外研版2019英语高一（升高二）暑假选修1-第04讲 状语从句 讲学案

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第04讲 状语从句

1. 掌握常见状语从句的连词意思。
2. 特殊连词和时态的关系以及省略句（必修3Unit6）。

状语是什么？
基本概念：
(1)概念：状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。
(2)句型特点：
状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句分开；放在主句之后时，不用逗号。
2．分类及引导词
状语从句
引导词
时间状语从句
when, while, as, before, after, until(till), as soon as, since
条件状语从句
if, unless
原因状语从句
because, as, since
方式状语从句
As if， the way
结果状语从句
so... that... , such... that...
目的状语从句
so that, in order that
让步状语从句
though, although, even if, even though, no matter...
比较状语从句
than, as... as...


考点一：时间状语从句
1）When/while/as

活学活用：Louis ________ computer games when her brother phoned her.
A．plays　　　　　　B．is playing
C．has played D．was playing
I was about to go out _____the teacher came in .
_____ years go by，China is getting stronger and richer．
The son was having a good meal at home，_____ the parents were working in the fields.
I had hardly closed my eyes_____ someone knocked at the door．
温馨小贴士：when常考结构：
be about to do… when /be on the point of doing… when
be doing… when
…had just done…when… /…had hardly/scarcely…when
2）after/before/since

Jane, please turn off the lights ________ you leave the classroom.
A．after　　B．before　　C．until　　D．since


3) until/till

—Hurry up! The bus is coming.
—Wait a minute. Don't cross the street ________ the traffic lights are green.
A．until　　　　　　　B．after
C．while D．since
4) as soon as, the minute……
Tom will call me as soon as he ________ home.
A．gets 　　　　　　B．has got
C．got D．will get
4）表示“一……就……”的从属连词：as soon as ; the minute, the second ,the instant; immediately, directly, instantly; no sooner…than…，hardly…when….
–Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her ?
–Yes ,I gave it to her _____ I saw her.
A．while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
5）．可引导时间状语从句的time 短语： every time ,each time ,(the) next time , (the)last time , the first time, any time 等.
I thought her nice and honest ______I met her .
A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time
6）．It be … since / before /when… 句型：
①“It is/ has been +时间段+since…”从句谓语为终止性动词表示“自从……以来有多久了”; 但若从句谓词是延缓性动词时，则意为“（多久）不做……了”；
It is two months since we came here.
It has been five years since he smoked.
②“It will be/was +时间段+before…”肯定句：表示“过……之后才……”; 否定句：表示“没过……就……”。
③“It be +时间点+when…”表示“当……时，时间是……”。 注意比较和强调句的不同。
练习：
①It is almost five years _____we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. when
②That was really a splendid evening . It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A．when B. that C. before D. since

例1．【单句填空】
（用 before, when, since, that 填空）
1. It was two years ________he realized the truth.
 2. It will be two years ________ the economic situation improves.
 3. It was two years later ________ he realized the truth.
 4. It is /has been two years ________ he lived here.
 5. It was midnight ________ he arrived home.
 6. It was at midnight ________ he arrived home.
 7. It was not until midnight _______ he arrived home.
考点二：条件状语从句
从属连词有：if ,unless(=if …not)，as/so long as , supposing(that)（如果）,provided/providing(that) （如果）,in case(假使)，on condition that(在……的条件下)等。

例2．【单句填空】
If you really hold on to your dreams, they ______ true one day.
A．came　　　　　　B．comes
C．has come D．will come
_____I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While


考点三：原因状语从句
原因状语 because/since/as now that in that
—Is everyone here today?
—No. Tom is at home ________ he has got a bad cold.
A．because　　B．if　　C．until　　D．unless
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because, as, since, now (that),when(既然), as, seeing (that)(由于),considering (that),given (that)(考虑到)等。
温馨提示: for引导的原因状语从句不放在句首。

例3．【单句填空】
①Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses_____ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.
A. because B .though C. unless D. if
②_____ everybody knows about it ,I don’t want to talk any more.
A. For B. Even C. Since D. However
考点四：地点状语从句
引导词：where（在。。。的地方）或wherever(在。。。的任何地方）

例4．【针对练习】
The famous scientist grew up ______he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A, when B, whenever C, where D.wherever
区别：where引导的定语从句和状语从句
You'd better make a mark where you have any questions. _________从句
You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. _________从句
考点五：目的状语从句
so that… in order that…

例5．【单句填空】
The teacher speaks very loudly ________ all the students can hear her.
A．so that　　　　　　B．because
C．since D．when
考点六：结果状语从句 so…that…. Such…that…
Pattern shift: That lesson is so difficult that nobody can understand it.

结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
so + adj./ adv. + that…
so + adj. + a/an + n. (单) + that…
so+ many/ much/ few/little(少)+ that…

　 such+ a/an+ adj. + n(单)+ that…
such+ adj. + n.(pl.)/ n.(u)+ that…
温馨贴士：当so或such置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装
So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.
例6．【单句填空】

①Pop music is such an important part of society ____ it has even influence our language.
A. as B. that C. which D. where
② His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it.
A. so B. and C. that D. as

考点七：让步状语从句
拓展：引导让步状语从句的从属连词有although, though, as, while(虽然),even if/though(即使),whether…or…(不论／不管……还是……) 以及“疑问词+ever”和 “no matter +疑问词”等。

例7．【单句填空】
1)Though/although
________ many children like KFC, I think they'd better try not to eat it too often.
A．Because　　B．When　　C．Although　　D．If
2)even if/even though
Correction: Even we could afford it, we wouldn't go abroad.
3)no matter….
Correction: No matter how you say, I won't change my mind.
温馨贴士：as引导让步状语从句时，状语表语及谓语动词的一部分置于as之前，且作表语的单数名词前的冠词要省略。即构成：表语/状语/动词（原）+ as+ 主+谓+其他。
1. 形容词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。 Tired as he is, he offers to help me.
2. 过去分词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。
Well-written as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it.
3. 名词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。如： Student as he is, he does not study hard.
若表语是单数名词，倒装时要省略冠词。
4. 副词 + as + 主语 + 谓语部分。如： Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.
5. 动词原形 + as + 主语 + 谓语的一部分（情态动词may, might, will, would等）。
Try as she might, she failed.
【考例1】 _____, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much
【考例2】 _____, Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try

考点八：比较状语 than… as…as…

We don't have much homework now and our school bags are ________ they used to be.
A．as heavy as　　　　　B．not as heavy as
C．as heavily as D．not as heavily as
考点九：方式状语从句 as as if the way
拓展：省略句（必修3Unit6）
状语从句的省略（重点）
在when, while, whenever, before， after，till, if, unless, as if, though, than, as等引导时间状语从句，条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而从句主语又与主句主语相同或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
（1） 状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。
（2） 从属连词接现在分词强调与句子主语之间的主动关系，用过去分词强调二者之间被动关系。
例1：If (it is) necessary, you’d better refer to the dictionary. 如果有必要，你最好查字典。
例2：While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 走在大街上我听到有人叫我名字。
例3：The activity is more interesting than (it was) expected. 这个活动比预计的有趣很多。
[注意]　特殊的省略结构：if省略结构，常作为插入语来处理。
if so 如果这样的话； if not 若非如此 ； if ever 如果曾经有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话； if possible 如果可能的话； if any 如果有的话
If possible，let me know beforehand. 如有可能，事先通知我。
（4）Get up early tomorrow, if not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first train.
明天早点起床，如果不的话，你将会错过头班车。
（5）Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help.
他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。
【活学活用】
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. No child shall be, unless ______________ (accompany) by an adult, allowed out of the school during the day.
2. Anyone, once __________(test) positive for novel corona-virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
3. While __________(do) my homework at home, I heard my name called.
【答案与解析】
1. accompanied。动词accompany与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系，故用过去分词。故答案是accompanied。
2. tested。动词test与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系，故用过去分词。故答案是tested。
3.doing。动词do与句子主语构成逻辑上主动关系，故用现在分词。故答案是doing。


1.It was not widely accepted as a travel concept            the late 1980s.
【答案】until
【解析】
考查状语从句连词。根据空前有not可知，此处until与not一起构成固定用法not… until，意为 "直到……才……" 。句意：直到20世纪80年代后期，它才作为一种旅游概念被广泛接受。故填until。
2.They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.
【答案】where→when/whenever
【解析】
考查状语从句连词。句意：在我看来，当我们有麻烦时（无论什么时候我们有麻烦时），我们应该从我们最相信的人们那里寻求帮助。分析可知，本句为含有状语从句的复合句。主句为we should seek help...，从句表示的含义为无论什么时候我们有麻烦或者当我们有麻烦时，所以应用when/whenever引导。故where改为when/whenever。
3.I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
【答案】whatever→whenever
【解析】
考查状语从句连词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。根据句意可知，此处表达“有必要时我也会打扫自己的卧室”，所以用whenever(无论何时)引导让步状语从句。故将whatever改为whenever。
4.I study Italian ________ I would be able to read Dante in the original.
A. so that B. even though C. in case D. as if
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：我学习意大利语，这样我就能读到但丁的原著。A. so that以便；B. even though即使；C. in case以防；D. as if好像。分析可知，空处引导目的状语从句，意为“以便”。故选A项。
5.Under the regulation, restaurants and hotels shall stop offering throwaway items_______customers request them.
A. since B. once C. unless D. until
【答案】C
【解析】
考查状语从句的连接词。句意：根据规定，餐馆和酒店应停止提供一次性物品，除非顾客要求。since作为连词，表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句，表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句； once 用作连词，既可以表示“条件”（= if, as long as），也可以表示“时间”（=as soon as）； unless意为“除非，如果不”，常用来引导条件状语从句；until作为连词，意为“直到......”引导时间状语从句。分析句子可知，如果顾客不要求的话，根据规定，餐馆和酒店应停止提供一次性物品。状语从句表示条件，结合选项看，选项C符合题意。故选C项。
6._____ having a roommate inevitably has its challenges, it can also be a great part of your college experience.
A. While B. When C. As D. If
【答案】A
【解析】
考查从属连词辨析。句意：尽管拥有一个室友不可避免地会有一些挑战，但它也可以成为你大学生活中很棒的一部分。A. While尽管；B. When当......时；C. As 当......时；D. If如果。分析句意可知，本句为while引导的让步状语从句。故选A项。
7.I only take on work that excites me it means turning down lots of money.
A. as if B. in case C. now that D. even if
【答案】D
【解析】
考查状语从句连词。句意：我只做那些让我感兴趣的工作，即使这意味着要少赚很多钱。A. as if好像；B. in case万一；C. now that既然；D. even if即使。引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”应用even if。故选D。
8.—What are you going to do this afternoon?
—I'll probably go for a walk later on＿＿＿it stays fine．
A. as far as B. so long as
C. even if D. as if
【答案】B
【解析】
考查条件状语从句。句意：——你今天下午要去干什么呢？——只要天气好，我可能稍晚些的时候去散步。A. as far as远到，和……一样远；B. so long as只要；C. even if即使；D. as if仿佛。根据句意可知，后句表示前句的一种条件。故选B。
9.Though it is 5 years________ he retired from his work place, the old professor remains active in the academic circles.
A when B. that C. before D. since
【答案】D
【解析】
考查固定句型和状语从句连词辨析。句意：虽然自从他退休已经5年了，但这位老教授在学术界仍然很活跃。A. when当；B. that那个，连词；C. before在......之前；D. since自从。“ It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时”是固定句型，表示“自从……以来多长时间”，根据句意，故选D。
10. the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.
A. While B. Unless
C. Since D. Until
【答案】A
【解析】
考查连词辨析。句意：尽管学生都来自不同的国家，他们在夏令营里面都相处得很好。这里是一个while引导的让步状语从句。A.while尽管（引导让步状语从句）；B.unless除非（通常用于条件状语从句）；C.since自从（引导时间状语从句）；D.until直到…才…（通常用在时间状语从句中）。故选A
11. ________rich one may be. there is always something one wants.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. However D. Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】
考查状语从句。句意：无论一个人有多富有，他都会有需要的东西。A. Whatever 无论什么；B. Whenever 无论何时；C. However 无论什么；D. Wherever 无论哪里。由语意可知，however在此引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how，修饰形容词rich用副词，排除A项。故选C项。


12.---- I am going to Hainan for my holiday.
---- OK. Have fun ________ you can. The hard times are approaching.
A. until B. before C. unless D. while
【答案】D
【解析】
考查连接词。句意：——我要去海南度假。——好啊。当你还能玩得开心的时候，尽情享受吧。艰难的时刻即将来临。A. until直到；B. before在……之前；C. unless除非；D. while在……时候。此处为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，故选D。
13.Mary rushed home______ she heard the news, only ______ that her husband was gone.
A. as soon as; finding B. immediately; to find
C. the moment; find D. when; found
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句连接词辨析和非谓语动词。句意：Mary一听到这个消息就冲回家，结果却发现她丈夫已经不在了。第一空，A. as soon as一……就……；B. immediately一……就……；C. the moment一……就……；D. when当……时候，第一空引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，故排除D选项；第二空中根据上文only to do sth.表示“不料竟会……”，后跟不定式做结果状语，故排除A、C选项。故选B。
14.________there is a wide variety of clothes in her wardrobe, the lady still complains about having no suitable clothes to wear.
A. Even though B. Provided that C. If only D. As if
【答案】A
【解析】
考查状语从句。句意：尽管她的衣柜里有各种各样的衣服，这位女士仍然抱怨没有合适的衣服穿。A. Even though尽管，即使；B. Provided that如果；C. If only只要；D. As if好像。引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”应用even though。故选A。

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。
1. If ______ (accept) for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
2.. Although________ (beat) by the opposite team, we didn’t lose heart and encouraged each other. 
3.—Who should be responsible for the action?
—The boss is to blame. The employees just carried out the order as ________ (tell)．
4, When ________ (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious.
5, The city now is much noisier than it used ________ (be)．
6, I may take a long lunch break tomorrow. If ________， I can go to the hairdresser's then.
7. These flowers will die unless ________ (water) every day.
8. Though ________ (warn) of the danger, Jack still went swimming in the lake.
9. Though ________ (lack) in confidence, Tom made every effort and his dream came true at last.
10. He stopped and looked around as if ________ (see) whether he went in the right direction.
11. ________ it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
12. That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
13. After arrived home, it occurred to him that he could make a bag by using his old trousers.

14. We can't carry on the experiment unless being given enough financial support.
15. She found her lost ring while folded clothes.
16. While walked along the paths, you can hear the sweet songs of bird.
17. When combining with alcohol, some medicine can have extremely dangerous side effects.
答案：
1. accepted 2, beaten 3, told 4, exposed　 5, to be 6,so　
7. watered 8. warned 9. lacking 10. to see 11.Were
12.【答案】把hopes改为hope
考查省略句。分析题目可知，此处表示(I) hope this can inspire…，故hope应用动词原形形式。故把hopes改为hope。
13，【答案】 arrived改为arriving
【解析】
考查固定句式。句意：到家后，他突然想到，他可以用他的旧裤子做一个袋子。到家是主动地的行为，所以用现在分词。
拓展固定句式：It occurred to sb. that...，意为“某人突然想起......”。故在occurred后加to。
14. 去掉being 15.folded改为folding 16. walked改为walking 17. combining改为combined
复盘：
One Saturday morning, when I was listening to my favorite songs, my mother asked me to do my homework first. However, as soon as she left, I turned to my MP3 again. I didn’t start to do my homework until I heard somebody opening the door. Hardly had I taken out my open when my mother came back. My Mum was very angry, “Every time I go out, you will do other things instead of doing homework. It has been two hours since I left. How much homework had you finished by the time I entered the room? You began to do other things the moment I stepped out of the room, didn’t you?”It was half an hour before she stopped scolding me. I hope I will get rid of the bad habits as time goes by. I promise I will not do the same thing when she goes out next time.

思考：
1. 状语从句有哪几大类？对应的连词是哪些？
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2. 分析文章每个句子属于哪一类状语从句？
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不同语境中长难句状语从句的使用
1. Not only...but also...
1） Not only did the race enrich our after-class activities, but also it strengthened our willpower.
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2) 这个专栏不仅拓宽了我的视野，也让我有机会体验不同的文化。
仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 祈使句+and/or+陈述句
1） Book tickets and rooms online in advance, and you will have more time to go sightseeing.
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(2) 来参观展览吧，你将享受一场视觉盛宴。
仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. So...that...
（1） Their popcorn was so delicious that it was sold out soon.
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(2)惊喜是如此甜蜜，她兴奋地摇了摇正假装打鼾的丈夫。
仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Be doing...when...
(1)Mac was wondering what to do next when a hand pulled him into the car.
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(2我们正在找地方搭帐篷，这时妈妈告诉我们她忘了带帐篷。
仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Not until ...
（1）Not until after what seemed half a century did we hear the roar of the helicopter.
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(2)直到昨天我才得知我们班这个周末要开一个重要的会议——正好是我们见面的时间。
仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________