【暑假提升】牛津译林版英语五升六暑期讲义-第10讲：介词与数词 专题讲学案

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课程主题： 介词与数词专题讲解
授课时间：
学习目标
学习目标：
1. 掌握数词的相关用法和考点；
2. 掌握介词的相关用法和考点。
教学内容

【进门测试】

1.I’d like __________(wash)clothes.
2.Let him __________(put) books on the shelf.
3.I like __________(walk) the dog after dinner.
4.My little brother can’t __________(sweep)the floor.
5.There __________(be) any bread on the table.
6.Billy is good at __________(skate) on the ice.
7.Billy likes __________ in the __________room.(read)
8.Where __________ Su Hai __________?
She __________ on Sun Street.(live)
9.I can’t play basketball. My brother can’t play basketball __________(too).
10..His father_______(work) in the city, and his mother is a _______(teach).
11.My birthday is on __________(nineteen) of April.
12.__________(Tim) birthday is on the 30th of August.
13.Can you help __________(I),Bobby?
14.What’s wrong with __________(she)?
15.Helen likes __________(eat) sweets.
答案：1. to wash 2. put 3. walking 4. sweep 5. is 6. skating 7. reading reading 8. does live lives
9. either 10.works teacher 11. the nineteenth 12. Tim’s 13. me 14. her 15. eating


【多元导学】



【互动精讲】

批注：知识点精讲与练习。建议时间为60分钟。
数词
【知识梳理1】数词的概述
数词分为基数词和序数词。

【知识梳理2】基数词
例：one, two, three, four… 像这样表示数目数字的词叫基数词。
批注：让学生数数，体会数字的概念引出基础词的概念。
1、基数词的写法：
(1) 1~12： one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
(2) 13~19：以-teen为结尾：thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
(3) 20~90: 以-ty结尾：twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
(4) 21~99: 十位与个位之间要加连字符“—”: twenty-one, sixty-five, ninety-nine
总结：
1 one
11 eleven


2 two
12 twelve
20 twenty
21 twenty-one
3 three
13 thirteen
30 thirty
32 thirty-two
4 four
14 fourteen
40 forty
43 forty-three
5 five
15 fifteen
50 fifty
54 fifty-four
6 six
16 sixteen
60 sixty
65 sixty-five
7 seven
17 seventeen
70 seventy
76 seventy-six
8 eight
18 eighteen
80 eighty
87 eighty-seven
9 nine
19 nineteen
90 ninety
98 ninety-eight
10 ten


100 one hundred
批注:特别强调十二(twelve),二十(twenty),十四fourtee, 四十forty, 九十ninety，这几个数的写法学生易错。

2、 基数词的读法：
（1）基本掌握：
百：hundred；千：thousand；百万：million；十亿：billion
这些单词后面不加s，除非特殊情况，成百上千hundreds of，成千上万thousands of，上百万的millions of，在英式英语中，一个数的最后两位(十位和个位)得用“and”，但美式英语中则不用。
（2）例子说明：
202读作：two hundred and two
234读作：two hundred and thirty-four
1,234读作：one thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
3,077读作：three thousand, and seventy-seven
11,234读作：eleven thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
155,721读作：one hundred and fifty-five thousand, seven hundred and twenty-one
6,155,702读作：six million, one hundred and fifty-five thousand, seven hundred and two
26,000,008读作：twenty-six million, and eight

【知识梳理3】序数词
例：first, second, third… 像这样表示顺序次第的词叫序数词。
1、 序数词的写法：
①序数词一般是以与之相适应的基数词加词尾th构成，如：seventh, tenth…
②特殊的变化：one (first), two (second), three (third), five (fifth), eight (eighth), nine (ninth), twelve (twelfth)
③以-ty结尾的词，要先变y为i ,再加eth, 如：twenty (twentieth), forty (fortieth).
④以one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine收尾的多位数词，要按照第一条变法变。如：twenty-one (twenty-first), thirty-two(thirty-second), forty-five (forty-fifth)
基数词变序数词口诀来啦

一二三，自己记，（词尾分别tdd）
五和十二f替ve，
八省t，九去e，
遇到y变ie，再加th，
若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以，其他全部加th。
批注：学生最容易写错four/fourteen/forty及nine/nineteen/ninety的基数词，特殊强调一下
four—fourth, fourteen—fourteenth, forty—fortieth, nine—ninth, nineteen—nineteenth, ninety—ninetieth

2、序数词表示日期
2001年6月30日 译为June 30, 2001/ June 30th, 2001/the thirtieth of June,2001
批注：具体到某天日期前用on，如：on June 30, 2001
【例题精讲】
例1. -- When’s your birthday? -- It’s on the ________ of December.
解析：本题问“你生日是什么时候？”本题表达12月3日即：the third of December，所以填third。
答案：third
例2. -- What______ is it today? -- It’s the second of January.
A. date B. day C. colour D. time
解析：根据回答今天是1月2日，判断问句询问日期所以是选择date，选A
答案：A
批注：对日期提问用：What date is it today?(或What’s the date today?)
对星期提问用：What day is it today?
对时间提问用：What time is it ?(或What’s the time?)
【巩固练习】
用所给词的适当形式填空：
1. We still need (nine) more chairs for the meeting room.
2. Eric, the (five) son of the family, has a special interest in physics.
答案：nine, fifth

【知识梳理4】数词的某些用法
1、表示计量：表示事物的计量，即事物的长度、宽度、深度和高度，应采用基数词。
如：It is 50 metres/kilometers/miles long (wide, deep, high).它有50米/千米/英里长（宽、深、高）。
2、表示编号：编号的数字如果过小，可用序数词或基数词表示；如果数字较大，通常用基数词表示。
如：
The tenth lesson=Lesson Ten    第10课
Room 405                   第405号房          
Page 215                    第215页
No.14 Middle School          第14中学
Telephone NO.5855806         电话：5855806
3、 表示不确切的数字：基数词后面直接加上复数名词表示精确的数字，而基数词复数形式加上“of” 表示确
切的数字。
如：
five hundred students           500名学生
two thousand people            2000人
hundreds of students            几百名学生
millions of workers             数百万的工人
4、 表示年龄的主要句式如下
如：
He is a boy of 10 years old.                   
He is 10 years old.                       
At the age of ten, he began to learn English.     
He is 10(years of age).                      
He is a ten-year-old boy.           
5、基数词表示时刻
（1）顺读法：钟点+分钟（按照顺序用基数词直接说：先说时，再说分） 逆读法：分钟+钟点
7:25 seven twenty-five twenty -five past seven
12:54 twelve fifty four six to one
9:15 nine fifteen a quarter past nine
2:30 two thirty half past two
方法总结：顺读法比较简单直接按顺序说即可，逆读法借助to和past可以通过下面的公式记忆：
分<30 分 past 时
分>30 分 to 时+1
分=30 half past 时
分=15 a quarter past/to 时
（2）钟点时刻前介词用at， 如：在9点15分 at a quarter past nine
复习：at用于：时刻，三餐，年龄，节日（无day）
in用于某年，某月，某季节
on用于具体某一天，如：on Sunday morning, on a cold morning, on the morning of September 25th.
on Sunday, on the first of June等。          
【例题精讲】
例1. Lingling is in __________.
A. Class Four, Grade Six B. Grade six, Class Four C. Class four, grade six D. Grade 6, Class 4
解析：根据句意六年四班先写班级再说年级，班级，年级，数词的首字母都大写，所以选A.
例2. We are learning ___________ now.
  A. the twenty-first lesson       B. Lesson Twenty-first C. the 21th lesson             D. Lesson 21st
解析：本句句意为“我们现在正学习第21课”。lesson 在前面，后面跟基数词，排除B，D；在表达日期时序
数词可以简写，在此不能用简略的表达，选A.
例3. I get up about seven fifty-five.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
解析：钟点时刻前介词用at，选C
【巩固练习】
1. Nanhui district will provide five square meters of cheaper houses.
A. millions of B. millions C. million D. million of
答案：C
2. We will be glad to celebrate our motherland, China's birthday on October 1st, 2009. (sixty)
答案：sixtieth
3. 用past或 to的句型。
(1) What time is it? (8:30) It’s ___________________________.
(2) What is it? (9:15) It’s ___________________________.
(3) What time is it? (7:45) It’s ___________________________.
(4) What was the date? (1893年1月26日)
It ____________________________________________________________________.
答案：1. It’s half past eight. 2. It’s a quarter past nine. 3. It’s a quarter to eight.
4. It was January twenty-sixth eighteen ninety-three.
名词
【知识梳理1】基本概念
名词是表示人或物、地点、行为、感情以及抽象概念的词。是世界上万事万物的名称。

【知识梳理2】基本分类


名词
专有名词（首字母大写）

普通名词
可数名词
个体名词（个别人或事物football, factory）
集体名词（若干个个体组成的集体class, army）
不可数名词
物质名称（无法分为个体的事物milk, water）
抽象名词（动作、状态等抽象概念love, interest）

专有名词：表示某一特定的人、月份、节日、地名、机构等。例：Song Wei, July, China
普通名词：表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。可分为可数名词和不可数名词。

【知识梳理3】可数名词的复数变化
1）五种规则变化
※直接加-s的占多数；如：book student computer basket movie apple key
※词尾若是-s，-x，-ch，sh，直接加上-es；如：bus box class watch brush match glass dish
※“辅音字母+y”，要把y变为i再加-es；如：baby lady family city story factory country hobby
如果是元音字母+y， 直接+s；如：toy day boy key
※词尾若是f或fe，加-s之前要把f或fe变为ve；如：leaf→leaves、half→halves、wife→wives、knife→knives、shelf→shelves、wolf→wolves; thief→thieves
※词尾若是o，加-es的有Negro，hero，mango，tomato和potato；其他加s。

2）五种不规则变化
※单复同形：sheep, deer, fish
※变元音：foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, man-men, woman-women, mouse-mice
※变词尾：ox-oxen 公牛, child-children孩子
口诀一：中日不变英法变，其余一律加-s；
口诀二：中日友谊是一致，英法联盟a改e，其他一律加-s。
※变国人：


不变：Chinese-Chinese中国人 Japanese-Japanese日本人
词尾加-s：如：German-Germans德国人 Russian-Russians 俄罗斯人
Roman-Romans 罗马 American-Americans美国人
Australian-Australians 澳大利亚人 Indian-Indians印度人
变man为men：Frenchman-Frenchmen法国人 Englishman-Englishmen英国人
German-Germans 是陷阱
※ 复合名词： （1）直接把后面的名词变复数；
如： tooth-brushes（牙刷），apple tree→apple trees（苹果树）
（2）由man或woman作为第一部分的复数名词，两部分皆变。
如：man driver- men drivers, woman doctor-women doctors

3）只有复数形式的名词：
一些学科名词：mathematics（数学）, physics（物理学）, politics（政治学）等
由两部分组成：pants, trousers, jeans, shorts, glasses, chopsticks, scissors, socks, gloves等
【例题精讲】
写出以下单词的复数形式：
toy-__________ dish-__________ mango-__________ map-__________
leaf-__________ sheep-__________ tooth-__________ woman-_________
factory-__________ zoo-__________ ship-__________ radio-__________
German-__________ Chinese-__________ Englishman-__________
答案：toys; dishes; mangoes; maps; leaves; sheep; teeth; women; factories; zoos; ships; radios; Germans, Chinese, Englishmen
【巩固练习】
判断下列句子的正误，正确的填“T”，错误的填“F”，并改正：
1.I’d like some tomatos for lunch. ( )
2.How many photos can you see? ( )
3.There are two big zoos in Shanghai. ( )
4.Tom likes collecting leafves. ( )
5.ZhangPeng is catching butterflys now. ( )
答案：1.F tomatos改为tomatoes 2.T 3.T 4.F leafves改为leaves 5.F butterflys 改为butterflies

【知识梳理4】不可数名词
表示不能计算数目的人或物的名词，称为不可数名词。它们前面不能用a/an，没有复数形式。
物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。如：rubbish，milk，rice，soup，water，money，meat等。

1）常考不可数名词
water, air, snow, work, homework, housework, paper(纸), time(时间), music, weather, news, fish(鱼肉), exercise（锻炼）, room（空间）, information。





2）不可数名词的量
a glass of water一杯水 a cup of tea一杯茶
a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶 a piece of bread 一片面包
a basket of food 一篮食物 a piece of news/bread一条消息/一片面包
two bags of rice 两袋米 three cups of coffee 三杯咖啡
five kilos of meat 五公斤肉 two pieces of bread两片面包
注意：一些可数名词也可以用单位词表示量：单位词和名词同时变复数
如：two bags of apples four pounds of tomatoes 四磅西红柿
room（空间）—rooms（房间）
work（工作）—works（著作）
glass（玻璃）—glasses（眼镜）
time（时间）—-times（倍数，次数，时代）
paper（纸）—papers（试卷，证件，报纸）
fruit（水果）—fruits(各种水果)
drink（饮料）—drinks（各种饮料）
3）既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意义不同








【例题精讲】
翻译短语和句型：
例1. 一杯牛奶__________________ 三杯咖啡 _________________
解析：凡是用量词表达的不可数名词变成复数时，复数加在“量词”上。
答案:a glass of milk; three cups of coffee
例2. 有一些面包在冰箱里。___________________________________________________
答案：There is some bread in the fridge.
【巩固练习】
用be的适当形式填空：
1. There________(be) some green trees here.
解析：There be 句型be动词选择看后面的名词，后面名词是trees复数形式，所以填 are。
2. There________(be) some milk in the bottle.
解析：这里be动词后面是不可数名词milk，所以填is。
3. There_________(be) some eggs and some bread on the table.
解析：本题考查there be句型的就近原则，这里离be动词近的名词是eggs，所以be 动词用are。
4. There_________(be) some bread and some eggs on the table.
解析：这里考查there be句型的就近原则，这里离be动词近的是不可数名词bread，所以be动词用is。
批注：be动词的选择是有其后的名词决定的。be动词后面是并列名词时，be动词选择遵循就近原则，即取决于离be动词近的名词。

【知识梳理5】名词所有格
名词所有格是表示人或物品的所属关系，它有两种形式：“ ’s所有格”和 “of所有格”
(1)’s所有格构成形式
1)首先判断好名词的单复数，其次，若名词以s结尾，为避免重复，直接加’; 若名词没有以s结尾，则加’s
如：Lucy’s hair, my mother’s bag, Children’s Day, Teachers’ Day, students’ reading room 学生们的阅览室
2)表示时间，距离的词的所有格加’s，以s结尾只加’，如：five minutes’ walk
(2)共同所有格与个体所有格
如：She’s Tom and Jim’s mother. (同一个母亲)
They’re Tom’s and Jim’s mothers. (各自的母亲)
(3)of所有格构成形式
如果名词代表的事物是无生命的，常用 “of+名词”来表示它的所有格，翻译时采用倒叙。
如：the windows of the classroom 教室的窗户
窗户 的 教室
(4)双重所有格：of+名词所有格，如：a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
如何判断是共同拥有还是分别拥有，需要根据所有格后面名词的单复数进行判断，如果是单数，就表明是共同拥有，如果是复数，就表明是分别拥有。
【例题精讲】
例. This is not my dictionary（字典）. It’s ________. She lent（借出） it to me this morning.
A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sister’s D. my sisters
解析：句意为：这不是我的字典，它是我姐姐的。所以此处应为“my sister’s”,选C
答案：C
【巩固练习】
用所给词的适当形式填空：
1. I found something important in _____ (today)newspaper.
2. Chocolate is usually the _________(child) favorite food.
答案：1.today’s 2. children’s

【课堂检测】

一、单项选择。
( )1. My home is about ___________away from the school.
    A. ninety metre     B. ninety metres C. ninety metre   D. ninty metres
( )2. This is her __________birthday.
  A. twenty     B. twentieth    C. the twentieth     D. the twenty’s
( )3. The book cost(花费) me _________ yuan.
      A. fourty-five       B. forty five C. forty-five    D. fourty five
( )4. --What day is it today?   -- ___________
      A. June     B. Tuesday  C. It is hot     D. It’s November 13th
( )5. --What’s the date today?   -- ___________.
      A. It’s Saturday  B. It’s July  C. It’s fine   D. It’s July 15th
( )6. Jim is in __________.
      A. class one, grade six      B. grade one, class six C. Class One, Grade Six      D. Grade One, Class Six
( )7. Mrs. Green’s ______ son is in Japan now.
A. two B. second C. 2th D. the second
答案：BBCBD CB
二、根据句意，从括号里选择正确的单词填空完成句子。
1.--How many apples are there? --There’re ________(fourth, four).
2. There are_______( twelve, twelfth) months a year.
3.--What date is it today? --It’s the ______( six, sixth)of January.
4. There are _____ (forty, fourty, fourteen)students in our class. That is 19 boys and 21 girls.
答案：four；twelve；sixth；forty
名词练习
单项选择
( )1. There are ________on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. photoes B. photos C. photo
( )2. I ’d like some ________.
A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes
( )3. All my ________to my birthday party last night.
A. friends came B. friend came C. friends come
( )4. --Where are ________? --They are on the chair.
　 A. Tony's books　　　　 B. Tony's book　　　 C. Tony books
( )5. I saw many ________in the street.
A. peoples B. people C. people’s
( )6. The green sweater is his ________.
A. brother B. brothers C. brother’s
( )7.The pig has four ________.　
A. foot　 B. feet 　 C. foots
( ) 8.My two brothers are both ________.
A. policeman　 B. policemans　 C. policemen
( ) 9.I can see ten ________in the picture.　
A. sheep　 B. dog 　 C. pig
( ) 10.The girl often brushes her ________before she goes to bed.　
A. tooth 　 B. tooths　 C. teeth
答案：B C A A B C B C A C
【要点回顾】

1、老师引导学生针对达标检测错题进行反思和总结；
2、老师引导学生对精讲提升相关知识进行总结，可采用表格、思维导图等形式呈现。

【温故知新】

一、请写出下列词的复数形式，没有复数形式的请划出 / 。
city______________ zoo______________ man______________ water______________
mouse______________ boy ______________ broom______________ juice______________
horse______________ fox______________  thief_____________ baby______________
radio______________ piano______________ leaf______________ life______________
woman______________ child______________ foot______________ deer ______________
watch ______________ diary ______________day______________ branch______________
dress ______________  sheep______________ tea______________ rice______________ 
strawberry___________  peach______________sandwich______________milk______________
答案：cities ; zoos; men；/ mice; boys; brooms; / horses; foxes; thieves;babies
radios; pianos; leaves; lives women; children; feet; deer watches; diaries; days; branches
dresses; sheep; /; / strawberries; peaches; sandwiches; /
二、单项选择。
( )1. The ________ in our yard are very beautiful.
　　 A. cloth　　　 B. water　　　　 C. flowers D. news
( )2. Tom is one of the Chinese________ in our school.
　　 A. boy　　　　 B. boys　　　 C. boies D. babys
( )3. A cat has four________.
　　 A. foots　　　 B. feet　　　　 C. feets D. foot
( )4. Can you see nine________in the picture?
　　 A. fish　　　　 B. book　　　 C. horse D. bird
( )5. The________ has two________.
　　 A. boy; watch　　 B. boy; watches　 C. boys; watch D. boys; watches
( )6. They come from different ________.
A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys
( )7. How many________do you see in the picture?
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato
( )8. There are some________ in these________.
A. knifes, pencil-boxes B. knives, pencils-box
C. knives, pencil-box D. knives, pencil-boxes
( )9. There is no ________ in the plate.
A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs
答案：1-5 CBBAB 6-9 BBDC
三、填入所给名词的正确形式。
1. I have two____________ (knife).
2. There are many ___________ (box)here.
3. There are many ___________(bus) on the road.
4. A few ___________ (boy)are drawing on the wall.
5. The ______________ (child)are playing football now.
6. Please take two _______________ (photo)for me.
7. I like the red ________________(tomato).
8. Would you please clean your _____________ (tooth)now?
9. Do you want some _________(milk)?
10. On _______________(child) Day, the children often get many presents .
答案：knives；boxes；buses； boys； children；photos；tomatoes ；teeth；milk；Children’s
四、阅读短文，选择正确的回答。
Aunt Jane’s Birthday
Aunt Jane’s birthday is coming. Her birthday is the 18th of November. She will be forty years old. My father is younger than his sister. Dad and Mom are going to take me to her house. We are going to go there by train. We are leaving on Friday evening. And we are coming back on Sunday afternoon. The birthday party will be on Saturday. I am going to give my dear Aunt Jane a card. Look! I am making it now. I am using my colour pencils to draw some nice flowers on the card. Some arc red. Some are yellow. Some are purple. Some are white. I think Aunt Jane will like them very much. I am going to draw Aunt Jane a small cat on it，too. Because she likes cats. The card will be very beautiful. Dad says his sister will like it very much. I feel very happy.
根据短文，选择正确的答案。
( )1. Aunt Jane is sister.
　　 A. my sister’s B. my mother’s C. my father’s
( )2. I’m going to give my aunt .
　　 A. a card B. some flowers C. a cat
( )3. Aunt Jane’s nearly years old now.
　　 A. 39 B. 40 C. 14
( )4. It will be a trip.
　　 A. one-day B. two-day C. three-day
( )5. We are going there .
　　 A. on Sunday B. on Saturday C. on Friday
答案：C A B B C

预习思考：
同学们，下次课我们将讲解形容词和副词相关用法。请同学们根据图片对人物进行描述。