【暑假提升】牛津译林版英语五升六暑期讲义-第9讲：名词讲学案

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课程主题：
名词
教学目标：
1、熟练掌握名词的分类
2、可数名词单复数变化
3、不可数名词表示方式和名词所有格
教学内容
【进门测试】

1.找出下列单词中不同类的那一个。
( )1.A.hand B.handbag C.schoolbag D.box
( )2.A.snow B.rain C.wind D.sunny
( )3.A.manager B.farmer C.work D.nurse
( )4.A.season B.winter C.spring D.autumn
( )5.A.year B.month C.day D.May
( )6.A.onion B.peas C.cabbage D.healthy
( )7.A.foot B.head C.leg D.book
( )8.A.basketball B.party C.soccer D.ping-pong
答案：
1. 1-5 ADCAD 6-8 DDB
【多元导学】
建议5min

你知道什么是名词么？
是表示具体或者抽象事物/人物的词。

【互动精讲】
建议70min

【知识梳理】

考点一　名词的分类　 
名词是表示人或事物名称的词,它分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词,有单数和复数之分;不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,没有复数形式。
词条
用法
例词
普
通
名
词
可
数
名
词
个
体
名
词
表示个体的人或事物的词
book,desk,table,bike,plane
集
体
名
词
表示一群人或一些事物的词
family,class,police,team, group
不
可
数
名
词
物
质
名
词
表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词
glass,water,air,paper,wood
抽
象
名
词
表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词
danger,health,love,success, interest
专有名词
表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词
Alice,Canada,the Great Wall

考点二　名词的数　 
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词：
1）不可数名词
无法分开的东西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice
抽象的东西：love, beauty, coldness
不可数名词有以下特点：
不能用a, an修饰；
不能加s；
和单数be动词或动词搭配。
2）可数名词
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s。名词复数共有以下几种变化：
• 规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells book→books
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches, bus→buses, watch→watches
规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. potato→potatoes, Negro→Negroes, hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes，（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿），剩下一般加s, radio→radios
规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves, shelf→shelves, city→cities, wife→wives
规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾， 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies fly→flies
• 不规则变化的名词复数形式
man（men） woman（women） foot（feet） goose（geese） tooth（teeth）
child（children） sheep（sheep） deer（deer） mouse（mice） fish（fish）
2.不可数名词量的表达
不可数名词计量时,用“基数词/不定冠词+表示数量的名词+of+不可数名词”表示,数词决定表示数量的名词的单/复数形式。
a glass of milk 一杯牛奶　 a cup of tea 一杯茶
a piece of news一则新闻　 two bowls of rice两碗米饭
two pairs of glasses两副眼镜 three pieces of advice三条建议
【巩固练习】
一、用单词正确形式填空
1．There are many beautiful ___________ (leaf) in autumn.
2．Could you see ________ (star) at night?
3．I see a few ___________ (tomato) in the basket.
4．My uncle is a basketball _________ (play).
5．How many _____ (tomato) are there in the basket?
6．I am hungry. Give me some _________ (bread), please.
7．__________ Sam __________ (have) any __________ (snack)?
8．She wants some _______ (vegetable), please.
9．__________ (Mike) mother is a writer. She writes __________ (story) for children.
10．—Would you like ________ (any) (bread)?
—Yes, please.
二、按要求填空
用单词的适当形式填空。
minute       homework       do       wash        ride

11．There are sixty ___________ in an hour.
12．You have to do your ___________.
13．How many minutes ___________ Danny exercise?
14．Look! Jenny is ___________ her hair.
15．Tomorrow I ___________ a bike.
填写正确的冠词和复数形式。
16．____ dog             _________
17．____ elephant       _________
18．____ horse            _________
19．____ panda          _________
20．____ lion             _________
1．leaves
2．stars
3．tomatoes
4．player
5．tomatoes
6．bread
7．     Does     have     snacks
8．vegetables
9．     Mike’s     stories
10．some bread
11．minutes
12．homework
13．does
14．washing
15．am going to ride
16．     a     dogs
17．     an     elephants
18．     a     horses
19．     a     pandas
20．     a     lions



考点三　名词所有格　 
名词所有格的构成方式有以下三种:’s形式的所有格、of短语构成的所有格和双重所有格。
1.’s形式的所有格
用法
示例
一般单数名词后加“‘s”
my brother’s bag
我弟弟的书包
以s结尾的复数名词后加“‘”
my parents’ hope
我父母的希望
如果一个事物为两个人共同所有,则只在最后一个名词后加“‘s”;如果不是共同所有,则两个名词后都加“‘s”。
Bob and Bill’s father
鲍勃和比尔的爸爸
Jim’s and Bill’s mothers
吉姆的妈妈和比尔的妈妈
有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构以及无生命事物的名词也可以加“‘s”或“‘”构成所有格。
today’s newspaper
今天的报纸
five minutes’ walk
五分钟的路程
在表示“某人家”“店铺”的名词后,一般省略它所修饰的名词
at the doctor’s在诊所里
at the barber’s在理发店里

2.of短语构成的所有格
(1)没有生命的名词一般用of短语来表示所有关系。
This is a map of Japan.这是一幅日本地图。
(2)当有生命的名词的定语较长时,也可以用of短语来表示所有关系。
The movie of the old kind woman is moving. 这位善良的老妇人的电影很感人。
【巧记口诀】
名词所有格的用法
英语名词所有格,表示某物是“谁的”,
巧记构成有方法,多数要把“‘s”加,
复数有s作词尾,只加“‘”就OK,
名词若为无生命,常把of来运用,
时间、地点和距离,“‘s”运用也许可。
3.双重所有格
表示所属物的名词前有冠词(a,an)、数词(one,two ...)、非确定特指的限定词(some,any,a few ...)、物主代词(my,your ...)或指示限定词(this,that,these,those)时,常用“of+所有格/名词性物主代词”的形式,即双重所有格来表示所有关系。
Bob is a friend of Tom’s.鲍勃是汤姆的一位朋友。
These are some pictures of mine. 这些是我的一些照片。
【巩固练习】
一、单选题
1．This is my ______ dress. (       )
A．mother B．mother's C．mothers
2．—_____ English book is it? (       )
—It's _____.
A．Whoes; Jill's B．Who; Jill C．Whose; Jill D．Whose; Jill's
3．When is your _____ birthday? (       )
A．mothers' B．mother' s C．Mother's
4．_____ birthday is in April. (       )
A．Alice B．Alices C．Alice's
5．________ father is talking. (          )
A．Peter B．Peter's C．Peters'
6．He wants to visit _______ new home. (　　)
A．Su Hai’s B．Su Hai C．Su Hais’
7．The rabbit’s tail is ______ than the ______. (       )
A．shorter; horse’s B．short; horse’s C．shorter; horse
8．—What’s your ________ job? (        )
—He is a driver.
A．father B．father’s C．mother’s
9．It’s _______ cap. (     )
A．Kim’s B．Kim C．Li Ming
10．My legs are longer than _____. (       )
A．Mike B．Mike’s C．Mikes’
二、用单词正确形式填空
11．A: Are they your friends?
B: No, they're ______ (Helen).
12．—Does _______ (Bobby) arm hurt?
—Yes, it does.
13．_____ (Mike) mother is a nurse.
14．This is the _____ (teacher) office. Miss Green is in it.
15．When is your _____ (father) birthday?
1．B
2．D
3．B
4．C
5．B
6．A
7．A
8．B
9．A
10．B
11．Helen's
12．Bobby's
13．Mike’s
14．teachers’
15．father’s




考点四　名词的语法作用　 
作定语
(1)名词作定语一般用单数形式。
There is an apple tree in our yard. 在我们院子里有一棵苹果树。
(2)man,woman用于名词前作定语时,其形式与所修饰的名词一致,即man,woman后用单数名词,men,women后用复数名词。
They are all men teachers. 他们都是男教师。
A woman doctor is sitting in the room. 有个女医生正坐在房间里。
(3)个别名词用复数形式作定语。
Our sports meeting was put off because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨我们的运动会被推迟了。
【巧记口诀】
名词作定语,一般用单数,男人(man),女人(woman)跟着变,个别名词用复数。
【课堂检测】

一、单选题
1．This is my ______ dress. (       )
A．mother B．mother's C．mothers
2．We have a lot of ______. (       )
A．animal B．animals C．cow
3．—What day is it today? (     )
—It’s______.
A．Tuesday B．Music C．PE
4．There is lots of _______ in winter. (       )
A．teach B．snow C．vacation
5．Hello! I'm Rose. I'm a _________. (       )
A．girl B．girls C．boy
6．How many _________ are there in your class?  (     )
A．student B．students C．apple
7．There are seventeen ______ on the farm. (       )
A．horses B．pig C．cow
8．My legs are longer than _____. (       )
A．Mike B．Mike’s C．Mikes’
9．These boys are talking about their _________.     (       )
A．hobby B．a hobby C．hobbies
10．I have two ________. (     )
A．foot B．feet C．foots
二、用单词正确形式填空
11．________ (class) start at 8 o’clock in the morning.
12．Your _____ (foot) are bigger than mine.
13．The ______ (story) are very interesting.
14．—Bobby and Sam _________ (be) good _________ (朋友).
—I’m _________ (they) good _________ (friend).
15．My uncle is a basketball _________ (play).
16．Smoke from ______ (factory) ______ (make) the air dirty.
17．I am hungry. Give me some _________ (bread), please.
18．At that time, there were no ________ (gym) in his school.
19．My fish is smaller than ______ (Sarah).
20．Cinderella’s sisters put on the new __________ (dress).
三、补全句子
21．There are many _______ (电脑) in the room.
22．Mo Yan is a great w______.
23．Monica and Flora are from Berlin. They are G___________.
24．_______ (五班的男孩) are playing basketball.
25．She usually has some _____ (水果) every day.
26．Jack is from _________ (加拿大).
27．The w_______ on the bus go round and round.
28．That man is my _________ (父亲).
29．C______ start at 8 o’clock in the morning.
30．Cinderella __________   __________ (穿上) the new__________ (衣服) and new shoes.
四、按要求填空
将下列单词的复数形式改成单数形式。
31．doctors ________
32．cities ________
33．pianos ________
34．ears ________
35．churches ________
36．leaves ________
1．B
2．B
3．A
4．B
5．A
6．B
7．A
8．B
9．C
10．B
11．Classes
12．feet
13．stories
14．     are     friends     their     friend
15．player
16．     factories     makes
17．bread
18．gyms
19．Sarah’s
20．dresses
21．computers
22．writer##riter
23．Germans
24．Boys from Class 5
25．fruit
26．Canada
27．wheels##heels
28．father
29．Classes##lasses
30．     puts     on     clothes
31．doctor
32．city
33．piano
34．ear
35．church
36．leaf





【要点回顾】


【温故知新】

一、单选题
1．—How many _______ do you have this term? (       )
—We have five.
A．lessons B．subject C．subjects
2．There are two _______ at the traffic lights. (       )
A．policeman B．policemen C．policemans
3．There are six ______ and four ______ in the fridge. (       )
A．tomatoes; potatoes B．tomatos; potatoes C．tomatoes; potatos
4．I can see many _______. (       )
A．polices B．policemans C．policemen
5．I’m hungry. I’d like a ________. (     )
A．rice B．sandwich C．noodles
6．These _______ are _______ my sister.
A．mango, for B．mangoes, for C．mangoes, to
7．I like ______. I have a chocolate ______. (       )
A．a cake; cake B．cakes; cake C．cakes; cakes
8．I like ________. They’re fat and cute. (       )
A．lions B．a tiger C．pandas
9．Look at this ______. I like ______. (       )
A．an elephant; elephants B．elephant; elephants C．elephant; elephant
10．We don’t have any ______. (       )
A．grapes B．mango C．banana
二、词形转换
写出下列名词的复数形式。
11．bus______
12．mango______
13．photo______
14．knife______
15．study______

16．baby (复数) __________
17．cow (复数) __________
18．they (单数) __________
19．one (序数词) __________
20．good (同义词) __________

21．class (复数) ________
22．she (形容词性物主代词) ________
23．Bobby (名词所有格) ________
24．do not (缩略形式) ________
25．flower (复数形式) ________
三、用单词正确形式填空
26．—How many _____ (dress) can you see?
—Five.
27．The ______ (cook) are from China. They are so great!
28．We should brush our ________ (tooth) every day.
29．—Here are your ______ (面条) and two ______ (鸡蛋).
—Thanks.
30．In winter (冬天), Helen and Wang Bing can go to make ______ (snowman).
31．What colour are Jim’s toy lion’s ______ (eye)?
32．Tina just would like two ______ (glass) of juice and some cakes.
33．Look! Those are nice ______ (sandwich) on the table.
34．We can move some ______ (factory) away from our city.
35．We have some visitors in our school. They come from different _____ (city).
36．You should put the eggs in different _________. (box)
37．Your ______ (idea) are great. Well done, class!
四、补全句子
38．I have a p_____ with my friends in the park.
39．The umbrella outside the shop is one of the ______. (孩子)
40．People in China usually eat n_____ on their birthdays. People in the West usually eat a birthday cake.
41．There are some beautiful flowers in the g_____.
五、看图完成句子
42．We have 50 pairs of s_____ in the shop.
43．I’d like a cup of t_____, please.
44．—How many ______ are there in the fridge?
—There are ______.
45．We have some __________ for lunch.
46．Shh! Don't talk. There's a __________ under the tree.
47．I have two cute toy ________
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．C
5．B
6．B
7．B
8．C
9．B
10．A
11．buses
12．mangoes
13．photos
14．knives
15．studies
16．babies
17．cows
18．he / she / it
19．first
20．well
21．classes
22．her
23．Bobby’s
24．don’t
25．flowers
26．dresses
27．cooks
28．teeth
29．     noodles     eggs
30．snowmen
31．eyes
32．glasses
33．sandwiches
34．factories
35．cities
36．boxes
37．ideas
38．picnic##icnic
39．children‘s
40．noodles##oodles
41．garden##arden

42．socks##ocks
43．tea##ea
44．     potatoes     six
45．fish
46．tiger
47．tigers




预习思考：
情态动词