【暑假高三预备】新高考地区英语高二（升高三）暑假专项-第13讲 词性转换 讲学案

这是一份【暑假高三预备】新高考地区英语高二（升高三）暑假专项-第13讲 词性转换 讲学案，共9页。学案主要包含了学习目标，基础知识，考点剖析，真题演练，过关检测等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第13讲词性转化讲与练【学习目标】1.掌握构词法。2.灵活运用词性转换。【基础知识】考点一 合成法1．复合名词的主要构成方式名词＋名词silkworm蚕； classroom教室形容词＋名词double­dealer两面派v.­ing＋名词swimming­pool游泳池动词＋名词breakwater防波堤；pickpocket扒手名词＋v.­inghandwriting笔迹动词＋副词get­together联欢会；breakthrough突破副词＋动词downfall垮台；outbreak爆发2．复合形容词的主要构成方式形容词＋名词＋­edcold­blooded冷酷的形容词＋名词high­class高级的形容词＋v.­ingeasy­going随和的形容词＋过去分词newborn新生的形容词＋形容词bitter­sweet甜中有苦的名词＋v.­ingtime­consuming 费时间的名词＋过去分词handmade手工制作的名词＋形容词nationwide全国性的副词＋v.­ingfar­reaching 深远的副词＋动词过去分词well­bred 很有教养的数词＋名词＋形容词five­year­old五周岁的3．复合动词的主要构成方式名词＋动词sleep­walk梦游副词＋动词overcome克服；undergo经历形容词＋动词black­list将……列入黑名单考点二 转化法名词转化为动词face脸—face面对形容词转化为动词dirty脏的—dirty弄脏动词转化为名词design设计—design图案形容词转化为名词daily每日的—daily日报形容词转化为副词deep深的—deep深深地即时练2　写出下列句中黑体单词的意思和词性1．①He backed his car into the garage.________②You are not alone, and we are all backing you.________③She's the kind of person who talks about you behind your back.________【答案】①倒退(v.)　②支持(v.)　③背后(n.)2．①He headed the rebellion.________②He headed his boat for the shore.________③He was shot in the head, dead.________【答案】①领导(v.)　②使……对着某处行进(v.)　③头部(n.)3．①I lack words with which to express my thanks.________②Lack of proper funding is making our job more difficult.________【答案】①缺乏(v.)　②缺乏(n.)4．①The dog succeeded in clearing the fence.________②He cleared the table by taking plates, forks and knives away.________③To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be very difficult.________【答案】①越过(v.)　②清理(v.)　③清楚的(adj.)5．①Your shoes need cleaning.________②Try to keep your room clean and tidy.________【答案】①清洁(v.)　②干净的(adj.)6．①What do you mean by saying that？________②He has always been mean with his money.________【答案】①意思(v.)　②吝啬的(adj.)考点三 派生法1．前缀构词法前缀例词dis­ (不，否定)dissatisfy使不满意；dishonest不诚实的un­ (不)unable不能够的；unlucky不幸的un­ (做相反动作)undress脱衣服；unload卸货in­ (不，非)inactive不活跃的；incorrect不正确的im­ (不，非)impolite没有礼貌的ir­ (不，非)irregular不规则的il­ (不，非)illogical不合逻辑的；illegal非法的non­ (不，非)non­existent不存在的mis­ (错误的)misunderstand误解；misfortune厄运re­ (重复，再)rewrite重写；remarry再婚en­ (使)enrich丰富；enable使能够ex­ (以前的)ex­wife前妻post­ (以后的)post­war 战后的postgraduate 研究生super­ (在……上面；超级)supermarket超市；supermodel超级模特under­ (在……之下)underestimate低估；underground地下的sub­ (在……下；次于；低于)subway地铁；submarine潜艇inter­ (相互之间)international国际的；interact相互作用semi­ (半)semi­final半决赛；semicircle半圆bi­ (二)bicycle自行车tri­ (三)tricycle 三轮车；triangle 三角形multi­ (多)multinational跨国的kilo­ (千)kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克centi­ (百分之一)centimetre厘米；centigram厘克milli­ (千分之一)millimetre毫米；milligram毫克tele­ (远)telephone电话；television电视a­ (在……上/里；向……)aboard在船/火车/飞机上；ahead在前面；aside在旁边；abroad在国外auto­ (自动；自己，独自)automobile机动车，汽车；autobiography自传over­ (太)overfull太满的，过多的extra­ (额外)extraordinary非凡的pre­ (预先)predict预言；preview预习micro­ (微小的)microphone 麦克风；microwave 微波；microscope 显微镜；microsoft 微软vice­ (副的)vice­president 副总统eco­ (生态的)ecology 生态学；ecosystem 生态系统；eco­friendly环保的trans­ (横跨)transfer 转移；transform转变；transmit传播；transplant移植2．后缀构词法(1)名词后缀后缀例词­age (状态；集合)shortage缺少；marriage婚姻­an/­ian (人，……家)American美国人；musician音乐家­ence/­ency (构成抽象名词)dependence依靠；frequency频率­ance (性质，状态)importance重要性­ant/­ent (人)assistant助手；student学生­cion/­sion/­tion/­ation (动作，状态)suspicion怀疑；tension紧张；repetition重复­ee (动作承受者或受影响者)employee受雇者；refugee难民­er/­or (人或物)writer作家；actor演员­ess (女性)actress女演员；waitress女服务员；hostess女主人­ism (主义，……教)communism共产主义­ist (……主义者，……家)communist共产主义者­ment (行为；结果；状态；性质)argument争论；government政府；development发展­ship (关系，身份)friendship友谊­hood (身份；性质)childhood童年­th (结果，过程)growth成长­ty (状态；性质)anxiety焦虑­ure (结果；行为；状态；实物)pressure压力；picture图画；pleasure高兴­al (动作过程；结果)arrival到达；approval同意(2)形容词后缀后缀例词­ablevaluable 有价值的；lovable 讨人喜欢的­alnational国家的；continental大陆的­edlearned有学识的；talented有才华的­engolden金色的；wooden木制的­entdifferent 不同的；dependent依赖的­fulbeautiful美丽的；useful有用的­ic/­icaleconomic经济的；political政治的­ishchildish幼稚的；selfish自私的­ivecreative有创造力的­lessuseless无用的；careless粗心的­lyfriendly友好的；deadly致命的­ousdangerous危险的；glorious光荣的­warddownward向下的­yrainy多雨的；noisy吵闹的(3)动词后缀后缀例词­en (使变得)deepen加深­fy (使……化)simplify简化­ize/­ise (使……变成……)modernize 使现代化；industrialize使工业化(4)副词后缀后缀例词­lycarefully小心地；beautifully美丽地；quickly迅速地­ward(s)forward(s)向前；backward(s)向后【考点剖析】词性的误用(1)【误】I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. Unfortunate, I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.【正】I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. Unfortunately, I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.[解析]　修饰整个句子作状语应用副词，根据句意可知应表示“不幸的是”，故应用Unfortunately。(2)【误】You'd better take account of your able accurately before attempting to do such a business.【正】You'd better take account of your ability accurately before attempting to do such a business.[解析]　根据your可知，此处应用名词ability，表示“能力”。句意：你最好在尝试做这笔生意前准确地考虑一下自己的能力。(3)【误】The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom brave.【正】The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom bravely.[解析]　修饰动词fought应用副词，故应用bravely。(4)【误】Excellent oral and written communication skills in Chinese and English are of important.【正】Excellent oral and written communication skills in Chinese and English are of importance.[解析]　介词之后要接名词。be of importance＝be important。(5)【误】However, in the past few months, the situation has worse considerably.【正】However, in the past few months, the situation has worsened considerably.[解析]　分析句子结构可知，此句缺少谓语动词，故用worsen表示“恶化”。句意：然而，在过去的几个月，情况恶化得相当严重。[注意]　若想避免以上错误的发生，要做到：(1)词性转换的基本规则，要在平时阅读和训练时不断积累并反复强化，才能运用地熟练而准确。(2)词性转换后，要注意所填词的形式是否正确，如名词需不需要进一步转换为复数形式，以及副词的拼写是否正确等。【真题演练】1．(2020·北京高考)Oliver says if you're ________ (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if/whether you can join in when it's possible.【答案】lucky【解析】考查名词变形容词。2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.【答案】Certainly 【解析】考查形容词变副词。副词放句首作状语。3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink－colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.【答案】beautiful【解析】考查名词变形容词。修饰名词所以要用形容词。4．(2020·山东高考)Historical ________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案】accuracy【解析】考查形容词变名词。historical是形容词，后面接名词。5．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________ (poor) studied.【答案】poorly【解析】考查形容词变副词。poorly修饰动词study.6．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉)．【答案】strengthen[解析]考查名词变动词。strengthen“加强，强化”。1．如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语，要考虑名词形式。2．如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词所修饰要考虑名词形式。3．在平时学习中储备构词法知识，并根据需要变换成相应的词性形式。4．利用句子成分定词性：看到设空处作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词；看到设空处作状语，要想到用副词。5．利用修饰语功能定词性：看到设空处修饰名词，要想到用形容词；看到设空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语，要想到用副词。6．如果修饰名词，要用形容词。7．如果修饰动词、形容词、副词和分词应为副词。8．作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到应为形容词。9．作状语要想到应为副词。【过关检测】①Therefore, let's take the ________ (responsible) to build up a low­carbon city by riding bicycles. Come on and join us!【答案】responsibility【解析】前面是冠词，后面应接名词。take the responsibility to do承担做…..的责任。②As far as I am concerned, my ________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese­English dictionary within easy reach.【答案】suggestion【解析】前面有形容词性物主代词，后应接名词。③My presence is something they can draw real ________ (strong) and hope from.【答案】strength【解析】前面有形容词，后应接名词。④Life is a ________ (mix) of good times and bad times, and happy moments and unhappy moments.【答案】mixture【解析】前面是冠词，后面应接名词。⑤After some time, when both of you have renewed your ________ (confident) in each other, go back to the time when you nearly fell apart.　【答案】confidence【解析】前面有形容词性物主代词，后应接名词。⑥The Forbidden City attracts visitors because of its long history and ________ (culture) significance, but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.【答案】cultural【解析】cultural做定语。⑦Many fads are ________ (harm). Back in my day, people cut the sleeves and collars of sweat shirts off and wore them inside out. No big deal.【答案】harmless【解析】harmless“无害的”作表语。⑧While your IQ tells you how ________ (intelligence) you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence.【答案】intelligent【解析】intelligent“聪明的”⑨The old people there were talkative and they told us their ________ (person) stories cheerfully.【答案】personal【解析】personal“私人的”⑩My little boy, do you feel more ________ (comfort) now than before?【答案】comfortable　【解析】comfortable　“舒适的”。写出所给汉语的英文1．合成形容词①______________ 漂亮的②______________ 著名的③______________ 省时的④______________ 人造的⑤______________ 环保的⑥______________ 心不在焉的【答案】①good­looking　②well­known　③time­saving　④man­made　⑤environment­friendly　⑥absent­minded2．合成名词/动词①______________ 缺点②______________ 空调③______________ 行李箱④______________ 吃得太多⑤______________ 过路人⑥______________ 爱看电影的人⑦______________ 密码⑧______________ 起飞⑨______________ 收入【答案】①drawback　②air­conditioning　③suitcase④overeat　⑤passer­by　⑥film­goer　⑦password⑧take­off　⑨income