【暑假高三预备】课标全国卷地区英语高二（升高三）暑假预习-第05讲 非谓语动词 讲学案

这是一份【暑假高三预备】课标全国卷地区英语高二（升高三）暑假预习-第05讲 非谓语动词 讲学案，文件包含第05讲非谓语动词解析版-暑假自学课2023年新高三英语暑假精品课课标全国卷docx、第05讲非谓语动词原卷版-暑假自学课2023年新高三英语暑假精品课课标全国卷docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共43页， 欢迎下载使用。
2023年新高三英语【暑假自学课】（课标全国卷）
第05讲 非谓语动词 解析版

1. 掌握非谓语作主语和表语的基本用法。
2. 掌握非谓语作宾语的基本用法区别。
3. 掌握非谓语作定语的基本用法区别。
4. 掌握非谓语作状语的基本用法区别。
5. 掌握非谓语作补足语的基本用法。


一、非谓语功能表
内容
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
宾补
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√


分词


√
√
√
√
二、不定式和动名词作主语
1. 不定式表示具体一次动作，是特指；动名词表抽象概念，是泛指。
2. 二者可以直接作主语或用it作形式主语，用于下列句型：
It's not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.
学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。
It is no good learning without practice.
只学习不实践没有好处。
It's important for the figures to be updated regularly.
对数字进行定期更新很重要。
三、不定式和动名词作宾语
1.只接to do作宾语的动词:manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine等
The small boy intended to own a computer of his own.
这个小男孩想拥有一台属于自己的电脑。
2.接to do/doing意义不同的动词：
forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做）
forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做）
remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做）
remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做）
regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做）
regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做）
go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了）
go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了）
stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变）
can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
mean to do 打算做某事（未做）
mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用）
try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功）
try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动）
I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的事物。
3. 考含介词to的动词短语归纳
look forward to盼望某事
get down to着手
be used/accustomed to 习惯于
stick to坚持
pay attention to注意
devote/commit/apply oneself to致力于
object to反对
be opposed to反对
When it comes to 谈到……
She has devoted all her life to teaching the disabled boy.
她毕生致力于教会那个残疾男孩。
4. 常考省略介词类动词短语
spend…(in) doing花费时间做某事；
waste…(in) doing浪费时间做某事；
be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事；
prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事；
have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难；
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing做某事有困难；
There is no point/sense (in) doing做……没有用；
There is no harm (in) doing不妨做某事；
have fun (in) doing做……开心。
I had great difficulty (in) finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。
四、非谓语作表语
1. 动名词作表语时主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
Your task is cleaning the windows. = Cleaning the windows is your task.
2. 不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。
The first thing that she did at home was turn on the lights.
她在家干的第一件事就是开灯。
My wish is to become a good teacher.
我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
3. 现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人……”。过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。
The story sounds interesting.
这个故事听起来有趣。
She is interested in the story.
她对那个故事感兴趣。
五、非谓语作定语
1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
我借了一些假期读的书。
His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.
他下个月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
你有用英语读和写的能力吗？
2.现在分词作定语表示一个正在进行的动作；being done表示一个被动的，正在进行的动作。单个分词修饰名词作前置定语；分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的那些房子是给老师们的。
Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。
六、非谓语作状语
1.不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do等形式。注意①其逻辑主语和句子主语一致性②位于句首时后边有无逗号均可，但位于句末时前边不能有逗号。
I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone.
我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
2. 不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to..., enough to do..., only to do..., so…as to do, such as to do句型。
She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students.
她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。
3. 现在/过去分词可以作时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随状语等。注意①其逻辑主语和句子主语一致性②现在分词强调与句子主语之间的主动关系，过去分词表示二者的被动关系③having done作时间状语，强调该动作先于谓语动作发生④视为插入语的短语：Considering…考虑到supposing (that)… 如果generally speaking 一般说来frankly speaking 坦白说Judging from从…判断。
Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
看到没人在家，她决定给他们留个便条。
Having waited for an hour, he realized he had left his wallet at home.
等了一个小时后，他意识到他把钱包落在了家中。
Given enough money, I'd buy that car at once.
如果有足够的钱，我会马上买下那辆车。
Absorbed in his book，he didn't notice me enter the room.
专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
七、非谓语作宾语补足语
1.ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等动词常用于“动词+sb to do sth”句型。
My mother allowed me to watch TV after finishing my homework in the evening.
我妈妈允许我晚上做完作业后看电视。
2. see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等观感类动词以及have, make等使役类动词接省to的不定式作宾语；接现在分词表示主动和进行；接过去分词表示被动行为。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.
他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
3. with复合结构作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。
With time passing by, he almost forgot everything in the past.
随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。
He lay on his back, with his teeth set and his eyes closed.
他仰卧着，咬着牙、闭着眼。
With a lot of problems to solve, the newly elected president will have a hard time.
有许多问题要解决，这个新选出的总统将有一段艰难的时期。

考点一： 动名词作主语
例1．________ (have) a good teacher makes a big difference when you’re learning to drive.
【答案】Having
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你在学开车时，有一个好老师会有很大的不同。句子缺少主语，故用动名词形式作主语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Having。
考点二：动词不定式作主语
例2． It is bad manners ________(stare) at someone that you are not familiar with.
【答案】to stare
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：盯着不熟悉的人看是不礼貌的。it是形式主语，此处应用不定式做真正的主语。故填to stare。
考点三：动名词作动词宾语
例3．To obtain food and avoid ______ (catch), they have to depend on other senses such as smell and their ability to detect slight changes in water pressure.
【答案】being caught
【解析】考查非谓语动词和语态。句意：为了获得食物，避免被抓，他们不得不依赖嗅觉等其他感官以及依靠侦察水压的细微变化的这种能力。动词avoid后面接动名词，表示“避免做某事”，由于catch和they是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此处动名词需用被动语态。故填being caught。
考点四：动名词作介词宾语
例4．The reporters are busy________(interview) the players before the game.
【答案】interviewing
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：记者们在赛前忙着采访运动员。be busy (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“忙于做某事”。故填interviewing。
考点五：remember等两栖类动词接不定式和动名词
例5． Do you still remember ________(ask) the question by your kids?
【答案】being asked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你还记得你的孩子问过你这个问题吗？remember to do sth.表示“记得要去做某事”,remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”；根据句意，指“是否记得被问过”应用remember doing sth.结构，用动名词作宾语，结合“by your kids”可知应用被动式，表示“被问过”。故填being asked。
考点六：动词不定式作定语
例6． The airport ________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
【答案】to be completed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：将于明年建成的机场会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。根据next year可知 ，用动词不定式作后置定语，the airport与complete在逻辑上是被动关系。故此处to be completed表将来、被动。故填to be completed。
考点七：过去分词作定语
例7．Problem ________(discuss) at the meeting yesterday was very difficult to solve.
【答案】discussed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天会上讨论的问题很难解决。根据句子结构分析可知，此处discuss为非谓语动词做定语，修饰名词problem，因为problem与discuss是被动关系，因此需要使用过去分词。故填discussed。
考点八：过去分词作定语
例8．I got a note from Mary ______ (urge) me to get in touch.
【答案】urging
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我收到玛丽的一封信，敦促我与她联系。分析句子结构可知urge在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语note构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填urging。
考点九：过去分词作状语
例9．__________ (move) by the peaceful music, he decided to study classical music in university.
【答案】Moved
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被平和的音乐所打动，他决定在大学里学习古典音乐。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语动词为decided，所以空处需填非谓语动词形式，句子主语he和move之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词表被动。故填moved。
考点十：现在分词作状语
例10．We took the foreigners to the tea room in our school, ________ (aim) at helping them better understand our tea-drinking culture.
【答案】aiming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们带外国人到我们学校的茶室，旨在帮助他们更好地了解我们的饮茶文化。空处作状语，应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语we和aim at“旨在，目的在于”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填aiming。
考点十一：不定式作状语
例11．_____________(prepare) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
【答案】To help
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故填To help。
考点十二：现在分词作宾语补足语
例12．Be quiet! Do you hear someone ________ (shout) for something?
【答案】shouting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：安静点！你听到有人喊什么东西了吗？hear somebody doing，表示“听到某人做某事”，用现在分词做宾补，表示主动。故填shouting。
考点十三：动词不定式作宾语补足语
例13．Our officers are moving them along and not allowing them __________ (gather) in large groups.
【答案】to gather
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我们的官员正在驱赶他们，不允许他们大批聚集。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，固定短语，故此处用动词不定式。故填to gather。
考点十四：with复合宾语结构
例14．With a note __________ (attach) to the gift inside the package, it expressed Tom’s best wishes to me.
【答案】attached
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：包裹里的礼物上贴着一张纸条，表达了汤姆对我最好的祝愿。分析句子可知，“With a note　　　 (attach) to the gift inside the package”是“with复合结构”，动词attach作宾语note的补足语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语note之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词表被动。故填attached。
考点十五：非谓语用作插入语
例15．____________(compare) with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
【答案】Compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：与整个地球的大小相比，最高的山看起来一点也不高。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，be compared with sth.为固定短语，表示“与某物比较”，作状语时去掉be动词即可，过去分词形式compared置于句首，首字母大写。故填Compared。


第一组（动词不定式）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
1. to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
2.（2022新高考II卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up __________ (see) them.
2. to see
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
3.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________to thank him.”
3.how
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
4.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
4. to journey
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
5.（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
5. To strengthen。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
6.（2022北京卷）As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention __________ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
6. to harm
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
7.（2022浙江1月卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans __________ (continue) the practice.
7. to continue
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
8.（2022浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
8. to do
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
9.（2021新高考II卷）I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem.
9. to educate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，__________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
10.（2021全国甲卷）It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
10. to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
11.（2021全国乙卷）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
11. to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
12.（2021北京卷）Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could __________ (safe) wait for the police to take her home.
12. safely
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填safely。
13.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over __________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.
13. to plant
【解析】考查非谓语动词。考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝•托德•华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
14.（2020全国I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 __________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
14. to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
15.（2020全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy__________ (care) for and make great presents.
15. to care
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
16.（2020全国III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known painter.
16. to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
17.（2020浙江1月卷）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase)to 42 by 2050.
17. to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。
18．(2020·浙江卷语法填空) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology __________ (change)lives.
18．to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式作定语。故填to change。
19.（2020北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
19. to break
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
20. (2019·全国II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
20．to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth.作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
第二组（动名词）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2022全国甲) I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not ___________(stay) out with my friends too late.
1. staying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。of为介词，后面的动词stay用动名词形式staying作宾语。故填staying。
2.（2021全国甲卷）After ___________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
2. spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
3.（2021全国乙卷）Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:•Minimize the impact of ___________ (visit) the place.
3. visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
4.（2021浙江卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ___________ (walk)through a rainforest.
4. walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
5. (2020新高考) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ____________(walk)through a rainforest.
5. walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
6. (2017全国I)By (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
6.eating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词后接名词、动名词作宾语。故填eating。
7. (2017全国II)This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
7.laying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。include后接动名词作宾语，这里有三个动名词作并列宾语。故填laying。
8. (2016全国III)I showed them I was independent by __________(wear) strange clothes.
8.wearing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词后接名词、动名词作宾语。故填wearing。
9. (2015全国I)What makes the dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _____ (use) electric equipment.
9.using
【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词后接名词、动名词作宾语。故填using。
10. (2015全国I)After____________(look) at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.
10.looking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词后接名词、动名词作宾语。故填looking。
第三组（现在/过去分词）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2022新高考I卷） ___________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
1. Covering
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
2.（2022新高考II卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___________ (fall) child.
2. falling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
3.（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
3. held
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
4.（2022全国甲卷）Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
4. planning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
5.（2022全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society addressed the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___________ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
5. shared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
6.（2022全国乙卷）To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
6. inviting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
7.（2022北京卷）Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ___________ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
7. supported
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。
8.（2022浙江卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their ___________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ___________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
8. existing, sighted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉•斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。
形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填existing, sighted。
9.（2021新高考I卷）Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ___________ (astonish).
9. astonished
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处说明“us”的状态，所以用astonished。
10.（2021新高考I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________ (ache) legs.
10. aching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词aching，表示主动和进行的动作。故填aching。
11.（2021新高考II卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think)it is food.
11. thinking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，___________ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
12.（2021新高考II卷）I was so ___________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
12. excited
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
13.（2021北京卷）There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, ___________ (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
13. caused
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。
14.（2021北京卷）From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ___________ (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.
14. resulting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。
15.（2021浙江1月卷）In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ___________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
15. studied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。 studied作为一个后置定语修饰前面的名词countries。故填studied。
16.（2021浙江1月卷）This may be due to some disadvantages for people ___________ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
16.living
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。结合语境空白处需要一个现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。故填living。
17.（2020全国II卷）This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance. They represent the earth ___________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
17. coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
18.（2020全国II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
18. decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
19.（2020全国III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds, ___________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
19. surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds ___________ (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
20.（2020北京卷）A piece of stone___________ (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
20.found
【解析】考查非谓语动词。结合语境空白处需要一个过去分词短语作定语，表示一个被动的、已发生的行为。故填found。

第一组（非谓语作定语25题）
微技能一：动词不定式短语作定语，多表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。
1.Having so many years of experience, he has the capacity ____(organize) the Chinese painting exhibition to be held on Friday perfectly.
1.to organize。考查非谓语动词。句意：有多年的经验，他有能力完美地组织即将在周五举行的中国绘画展览。have the capacity to do sth.“有能力做某事”为固定用法，此处用动词不定式to organize作后置定语，修饰名词capacity。故填to organize。
2.The researchers found that local efforts ____(improve) water quality and stop overfishing did not increase the coral reefs’ chances of survival.
2.to improve。考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员发现，当地改善水质和停止过度捕捞的努力并没有增加珊瑚礁的生存机会。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词efforts，表示“做某事的努力”应用the efforts to do sth.结构，其中不定式作后置定语。故填to improve。
3.Neither her skill of delicate, ironic observations on social custom, love and marriage nor her ability ______ (apply) a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work.
3.to apply。考查非谓语动词。句意：无论是她对社会习俗、爱情和婚姻的微妙、讽刺的观察技巧，还是她对英国礼仪和道德的敏锐关注，都没有在她最后完成的作品中抛弃她。分析句子结构，结合句意可知，在句中应用非谓语形式作后置定语。被修饰的名词是abliity时，惯常用动词不定式作后置定语，意为“……的能力”，故填to apply。
4.In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways ________(reduce) my carbon footprint on the planet.
4.to reduce。查不定式。句意：在我的日常生活里，我正在进行一次寻找不同方法来减少碳排放的旅程。固定短语a way to do something意为：做事的方法。设空处应用不定式作定语。故填to reduce。
5.For ByteDance’s 37-year-old founder, Zhang Yiming, it is part of an ambition_______(build)a global software giant. Now that ambition is in jeopardy(危机).
5.to build。考查动词不定式。句意：对于字节跳动37岁的创始人张一鸣来说，这是他打造全球软件巨头的雄心壮志的一部分。如今，这一雄心壮志已岌岌可危。此处是不定式作定语修饰抽象名词ambition。故填to build。
6.Can red TV dramas awaken a strong desire in young people ________(learn) about China’s revolutionary history? The answer is yes.
6.to learn。考查动词不定式。句意：红色电视剧能否唤起年轻人了解中国革命历史的强烈欲望？答案是肯定的。a desire to do sth做某事的欲望，动词不定式作定语。故填to learn。
7.So cautious was he in their first trans-Antarctic expedition that he was the first ________ (spot) the danger caused by the tip of that floating iceberg.
7.to spot。考查动词不定式。句意：在他们的第一次跨南极探险中，他非常谨慎，第一个发现了漂浮的冰山尖端所造成的危险。此处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰the first，the first to do sth第一个做某事的人，故填to spot。
8.And, having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason __________(doubt) that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.
8.to doubt。考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，在与许多世界上最重要的AI研究人员交谈之后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI。分析句子可知，“there is good reason 　　　(doubt) that...”是宾语从句，该从句中使用了there be句型，提示词doubt是非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词reason；reason to do...为固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to doubt。
微技能二：现在分词短语作定语，多表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。
9.They will get a studio flat(单间公寓) _______________(measure) 23 square meters with a private kitchen, bathroom and a balcony.
9.measuring。考查非谓语动词。句意：他们将得到一套23平方米的带厨房、浴室和阳台的单间公寓。本句有谓语will get，因此空处填非谓语动词，measure“量度为……”与逻辑主语flat之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填measuring。
10.The money will go to the Glide Foundation, a charity ____________ (provide) food, health care, housing and job training for San Francisco's homeless.
10.providing。考查非谓语动词。句意：这些资金将会投给格莱德基金会，格莱德基金会是一个慈善机构，专为旧金山无家可归的人提供食物，医疗，住所和工作培训。根据句子分析可知，此处作定语，修饰charity，charity与provide之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语，故填providing。
11.Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state ________(rise) temperatures...
11.have been rising。考查动词的时态。句意：Mclntire说，自20世纪30年代以来，导致该州水压力上升的最大因素是气温上升……分析句子可知，空格处作谓语，根据句意，此处表示“是”，应用be动词；根据时间状语Since the 1930s可知，此处应用现在完成时态，故谓语动词为have been；此外，此处应用rise的现在分词作定语修饰temperatures，意为“正在上升的”。故填have been rising。
12.The study further strengthens the evidence ________ (link) smoking with early death.
12.linking。考查分词作定语。句意：这项研究进一步加强了将吸烟与早逝连接在一起的证据。分析句子结构可知，空格后面部分作名词evidence的后置定语，evidence与动词link之间存在主动关系，用现在分词，故填linking。
13.There is already a long list of people ____(claim) her attention.
13.claiming。考查非谓语动词。句意：已经有一长串的人引起了她的注意。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰people，因people和动词claim为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填claiming。
14.The topic __________(discuss) now has drawn some experts’ attention.
14.being discussed。考查非谓语动词。句意：现在正在讨论的话题已经引起了一些专家的注意。分析句子结构可知discuss在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语topic构成被动关系，结合后文now可知表示正在进行，应用being done形式。故填being discussed。
15.They spared no effort to save the building________ (date) back to the Qing Dynasty.
15.dating。考查非谓语动词。句意：他们不遗余力地抢救这座可以追溯到清朝的建筑。分析句子可知，设空处动词date充当定语修饰名词the building，二者之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应填现在分词。故填dating。
16.—Who are those people with the flags? —A group ________ (call) itself the League of Peace.
16.calling。考查非谓语动词。句意：——那些拿着旗的人是谁？——自称和平联盟的团体。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词call是被修饰的名词group主动发出的动作，用现在分词形式，表示主动，作后置定语。故填calling。
17.A global concert ________ (feature) many international musicians was held on April 18 in support of health workers.
17.featuring。考查现在分词。句意：以很多国际音乐家为特色的全球音乐会在4月18日举行了，其目的是为了支持医疗工作者。根据句子分析可知，此处作定语，concert与feature之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作后置定语，故填featuring。
微技能三：过去分词短语作定语，多表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。
18.The boy ________ (seat) on the sofa is enjoying a film.
18.seated。考查过去分词。句意：坐在沙发上的男孩正在欣赏电影。分析句子可知，非谓语动词seat(使就座)和逻辑主语The boy是动宾关系，seat用过去分词表被动作后置定语，修饰名词The boy。故填seated。
19.A tidal wave ________(cause) by the earthquake hit the coast, causing catastrophic damage.
19.caused。考查非谓语动词。句意：地震引发的海啸袭击了海岸，造成了灾难性的损失。句子的谓语是hit，设空处为非谓语动词，动词cause，意为“造成，引起”，与逻辑主语A tidal wave之间为动宾关系，设空处应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填caused。
20.The results indicated that something_________(produce) by the mould had killed the bacteria.
20.produced。考查非谓语动词。句意：结果表明，霉菌产生的某种物质杀死了细菌。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词had killed，所以produce应该用非谓语动词，它的逻辑主语是something，两者是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填produced。
21.The English today is quite different from the English ________ (speak) three hundred years ago.
21.spoken。考查非谓语动词。句意：今天的英语和三百年前说的英语大不相同。分析句子结构可知，speak与English构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填spoken。
22.We call on the people ________(relate) to the case to handle the tough problem by joint efforts.
22.related。考查非谓语动词。句意：我们呼吁有关人员共同努力，解决这个棘手的问题。句中call是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词作后置定语，people和relate之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填related。
23.Sandwich _________(wrap) with transparent film tightly and securely with no gaps for tampering by finger also came under the definition of “Prepackaged Food”.
23.wrapped。考查非谓语动词。句意：用透明薄膜包裹的三明治也属于“预包装食品”，包装严密、安全，没有可被手指篡改的缝隙。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非谓语动词，且和主语“Sandwich”之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填wrapped。
24.The problem________ (discuss) last Friday attracted the attention of everyone present at the meeting.
24.discussed。考查过去分词。句意：上周五讨论的问题引起了出席会议的所有人的注意。空处为非谓语动词，The problem与discuss为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填discussed。
25.Happiness is like a small stone ________ (drop) into a pool to cause a circle of ripples. （所给词的适当形式填空）
25.dropped。考查非谓语动词。句意：幸福就像一颗小石头掉进池塘里，激起一圈涟漪。此处drop意为“投，丢”，drop与逻辑主语stone构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填dropped。

第二组（非谓语作状语25题）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
微技能一：动词不定式短语多作目的和结果状语，强调与句子主语之间的主动关系。
1.I had to stop at the traffic lights and put down the sun visor ____________(shade) my eyes from the sun.
1.to shade。考查非谓语动词。 句意： 我不得不在交通信号灯处停车，然后放下遮阳板来遮挡阳光。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to shade。
2.After school, we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only ____________ (find) that it was being decorated.
2.to find。考查非谓语动词。句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果发现阅览室正在装修。分析句子可知，设空处充当句子结果状语， 表示意外的结果应使用only+不定式，故填to find。
3. ____________ (improve) the employees’ working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.
3.To improve。考查非谓语动词。句意：为了提高员工的工作效率，主管会允许他们休息喝杯咖啡。improve在句中作目的状语，故用不定式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填To improve。
4.I love reading poetry and I try to set aside some time each day ________ (read) poems.
4.to read。考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢读诗，我试着每天抽出一些时间来读诗。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to read。
5.She hurried to the cinema, only _________(tell) that the tickets had been sold out.
5.to be told。考查不定式和被动语态。句意：她匆匆赶到电影院，却被告知电影票已经卖完了。根据句意可知，空格处用“only+不定式”表示出乎意料的结果，她是被告知，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态，即to be done，故填to be told。
6._______ (earn) enough money, they finally could move from their two-bedroom home to a seven-bedroom home in a rich neighborhood.
6.To earn。考查非谓语动词。句意：为了赚足够的钱，他们终于可以从两居室搬到富人区的七居室了。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示目的意为“为了”，所以应使用动词不定式形式，earn与句子主语之间为主动关系，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To earn。
7.Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and Boston could all see winds up to 30 to 40 mph on Monday evening, which are strong enough ____________ (cause) power outages.
7.to cause。考查动词不定式。句意:巴尔的摩、费城、纽约和波士顿周一晚上的风速可能达到每小时30到40英里，足以导致停电。分析句子结构可知此处为sth/sb +be +adj.+enough to do sth的结构，应用动词不定式作结果状语。故填to cause。
微技能二：现在分词短语多作目的、结果、伴随、时间或条件状语，强调与句子主语之间的主动关系。
8.Dequina studies the area carefully,________(figure) out where the eggs have been buried.
8.figuring。考查非谓语动词。句意：德奎娜仔细研究了这个地区，找出了这些卵被埋的地方。分析句子结构可知figure与逻辑主语Dequina 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填figuring。
9.________ (rescue) the drowning boy to the bank, he left without being noticed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.Having rescued。考查非谓语动词。句意：他把溺水的男孩救到岸边后，就悄悄离开了。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，rescue与句子主语之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词left之前，所以应使用现在分词的完成式having rescued，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Having rescued。
10.Her husband died ten years ago, ________ (leave) her with three children to look after. （所给词的适当形式填空）
10.leaving。考查现在分词作状语。句意：她丈夫十年前去世了，留下她照顾三个孩子。结合句意空处应填现在分词形式leaving，作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果。故填leaving。
11. ____________ (concentrate) deeply on his work, the engineer ignored what was happening out in the streets.
11.Concentrating。考查非谓语动词。句意：这位工程师全神贯注地工作，没有理会街上发生的事情。concentrate与逻辑主语the engineer构成主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Concentrating。
12._________(receive) the letter from her best friend, Lucy ran towards home excitedly.
12.Having received。考查非谓语动词。句意：收到她最好的朋友的信后，露西兴奋地朝家跑去。分析句子可知，“(receive) the letter from her best friend”作时间状语，receive(收到)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Lucy之间是主动关系，且“收到”这一动作发生在谓语动词之前，应用现在分词的完成式表示主动和完成；句首单词首字母大写。故填Having received。
13.The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happily _________(watch) anything that happened to be on.
13.watching。考查现在分词。句意：老人每天晚上都坐在电视机前，高兴地看电视上发生的一切。根据句意和所给动词watch分析句子可知，空格处只能填入watch的非谓语形式作状语，因为watch和句子的主语the old man之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词watching作状语。故填watching。
14.He volunteered to help control traffic, ________ (donate) an hour of his time every week.
14.donating。考查非谓语动词。句意：他自愿帮助控制交通，每周抽出一小时的时间。句中谓语是volunteered，前后无连词，空格处用非谓语动词，He和donate之间是主谓关系，空格处用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填donating。
15._____________(live) in Canada for three years, he still can`t speak English well.
15.Having lived。考查非谓语动词。句意：在加拿大住了三年，他还是不会说英语。分析句子成分，谓语动词为can’t speak，故空处需要填非谓语动词，并且live先于谓语动词发生，主语为he，和live为主谓关系，故需要用现在分词的完成形式having done。故填Having lived。
16._______ (judge) from his cheerful manner, he must have enjoyed his meal.
16.Judging。考查非谓语动词。句意：从他那愉快的态度来看，他这顿饭一定吃得很愉快。judging from从……判断，为独立结构，不考虑与逻辑主语的主被动关系。根据句意，故填Judging。
17.Last Sunday, while ________ (eat) in a restaurant, I noticed a bag left on the table next to mine.
17.eating。考查非谓语动词。句意：上周日，当我在一家餐馆吃饭时，我注意到我旁边的桌子上留下了一个袋子。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词eat是句子主语I主动发出的动作，而且和主句谓语noticed同时发生，所以用现在分词形式，表示主动和正在进行。故填eating。
18.Traditional Chinese activities, such as the dragon dance and Peking Opera, are performed as fixed programs, ____________ (add) diversity to local culture.
18.adding。考查现在分词。句意：传统的中国活动，如舞龙和京剧，作为固定节目表演，为当地文化增添了多样性。根据句意和所给动词add分析句子可知，空格处应该用动词add的非谓语形式作状语，因为动词add和句子的主语traditional Chinese activities之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词形式adding作状语。故填adding。
19. ____________ (combine) two or more elements in a chemical way, you will get at least one new substance.
19.Combining。考查现在分词。句意：把两种或两种以上的元素以化学方式结合起来，你至少会得到一种新物质。根据句意和所给动词combine分析句子可知，空格处应该填入动词combine的非谓语形式作状语，因为动词combine和句子主语you之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词形式combining作状语。故填Combining。
微技能三：过去分词短语多作结果、伴随、时间或条件状语，强调与句子主语之间的被动关系。
20.________( compare) with other sports, basketball features more continuous action.
20.Compared。考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他运动相比，篮球运动具有更连续的动作特点。features为谓语动词，空格处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语basketball和compare之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填Compared。
21.He is a man of few words. He never speaks unless ________ (speak) to.
21.spoken。考查非谓语动词以及状语从句的省略。句意：他是个沉默寡言的人。除非和他说话，否则他从不说话。分析句子可知，设空处是句子的条件状语，和逻辑主语he是被动关系，应使用过去分词speaken；从另一方面解析，此处应当是条件状语从句的谓语部分，完整的条件状语从句是：unless he is spoken to，根据状语从句省略原则可以省略从句中的主语和助动词be，故填spoken。
22. ____________ (separate) from her parents in the crowds, the little girl felt scared and helpless and started to cry.
22.Separated。考查非谓语动词。句意：在人群中与父母分离，小女孩感到害怕和无助，开始哭泣。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意，separate与逻辑主语the little girl之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语。故填Separated。
23.___________(found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
23.Founded。考查非谓语动词。句意：1905年革命后，该公司在莫斯科成立，最终于20世纪20年代末落户特拉维夫。分析句子可知，“(found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution”作状语，found(成立)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the company之间是被动关系，且“found”这一动作已经完成，应用过去分词表示被动和完成；句首单词首字母大写。故填Founded。
24.________ (dress) in a full body suit of ice, a symbol of purity and strength, the panda wears a helmet with colored halo (光环)．（
24.Dressed。考查非谓语动词。句意：熊猫穿着象征纯洁和力量的全套冰衣，戴着带彩色光环的头盔。固定搭配be dressed in“穿着”，省去be动词，使用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Dressed。
25．________ (select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
25.Selected。考查非谓语动词。句意：从世界各地的收藏品中挑选出来，这是他40多年来第一次大型作品展览。select与逻辑主语it之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Selected。

第三组（非谓语作宾语25题）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
微技能一：动词不定式作动词manage, decide等动词的宾语及stop, remember等“两栖类”动词的宾语。
1.Although parents seem _________ (give)good advice to their sons and daughters, their kids have marked them poorly on being good role models when it comes to dealing with life’s difficulties.
1.to be giving考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管父母好像正在给他们的儿子和女儿提出好的建议，但是当谈及解决生活中的困难的时候，孩子对父母在行为榜样方面的评价很低。seem to do固定搭配，意为“似乎做某事”，parents和动词give之间是主动关系，且此处表示正在给建议，应用不定式的进行式to be doing，故填to be giving。
2.A red light is a warning to drivers and staff that another train is dangerously close and that adjustments need _________ (make) .
2.to be made考查非谓语动词。句意：红灯是对司机和工作人员的一个警告，告诉他们另一列火车已经危险接近，需要进行调整。need to do固定搭配，意为“需要做”，此处adjustments和动词make是被动关系，需要用不定式的被动，故填to be made。
3.Zhang Yugun managed ________(help) children in poor areas to realize their dream of going to university, so not a single child in his village dropped out of school because of poverty.
3.to help考查非谓语动词。句意：张玉滚设法帮助贫困地区的孩子实现了上大学的梦想，所以他的村里没有一个孩子因为贫困而辍学。固定搭配manage to do sth意为“设法做成某事”，设空处应填动词help的不定式，作manage的宾语。故填to help。
4.He still defends the country’s restrictive politics that aim ________(limit) alcohol abuse or under-age drinking.
4.to limit考查非谓语动词。他仍然为该国旨在限制酗酒和未成年人饮酒的限制性政策辩护。aim to do意为“计划……”，不定式作宾语。故填to limit。
5.Listening to his lecture, I fell deeply in love with science and have made up my mind ________(devote) my life to science in the future.
5.to devote考查非谓语动词。句意：听了他的讲座，我深深地爱上了科学并决心在未来献身于科学。make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”。故填to devote。
6.Last week, a new brand of chocolate was launched, which claimed _________ (trick)your brain into believing you aren’t hungry.
6.to trick考查动词不定式。句意：上周，一种新品牌的巧克力上市了，它声称它可以欺骗你的大脑，让你相信你不饿。claim to do sth.意为“声称做某事”为固定用法，故此处应用动词不定式作宾语，故填to trick。
7.“Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished.
7.to stop考查不定式。句意：“不是那样的，”我妈妈试图阻止我，但失败了。她是对的。结果并不如我所愿。由“but failed”可知，句子表示“我妈妈试图阻止我，但失败了”，“试图做某事”是固定短语try to do，因此空格处是不定式to stop，故填to stop。
8.If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day ________(concentrate) and learn new information.
8.to concentrate考查非谓语动词。句意：如果托诺尼的理论是正确的，它将解释为什么当我们一夜没睡好，第二天就很难集中精力学习新信息。分析句子，find it+形容词 to do为固定句型，该结构中it形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语。故填to concentrate。
9.He isn’t a man who knows_____________ to deal with people properly, but he does know_____________ to do with all kinds of papers in front of him.
9.how, what考查疑问词。句意：他不是一个善于跟人打交道的人，但是处理他面前各种各样的文件很拿手。deal with和do with均可表示“处理”，但deal with常与how连用，do with常与what连用。故填①how；②what。
10.That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________ (continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding.” she says, “a really positive change.”
10.to continue考查非谓语动词。句意：这种方法使去年柯布的航空旅行减少了75%，她计划继续这种做法。“这是相当有益的。”她说：“一个真正积极的变化。”根据动词短语“plan to do sth.”意为“计划做某事”，主语she与continue是主动关系。可知，此处需要使用不定式的主动式，故填to continue。
11.I then made it a point ________(attend) those meetings and learn all I could.
11.to attend考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，我决定参加这些会议，尽我所能学习。make+it+n+to do为固定用法，it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。故填to attend。
12.At one point, someone offered ________ (trade) me an alcoholic beverage (饮料) and a golden feathered headdress for my camera.
12.to trade考查非谓语动词。句意：有一次，有人提出用一杯酒精饮料和一个金色羽毛头饰换我的相机。offer to do sth.是固定句式，意为“主动提出做某事”，其中，不定式作offer的宾语。故填to trade。
13.In fact, anyone wishing ________(try) race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to lean proper technique, she says. （所给词的适当形式填空）
13.to try考查动词不定式。句意：她说，事实上，任何希望尝试竞走的人可能应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者，学习适当的技能。短语wish to do sth. 表示“希望做某事”，不定式作宾语，符合句意，故填to try。
微技能二：动名词作appreciate, postpone等动词以及get down to，look forward to等含介词to短语的宾语等。
14.I spend hours every day ______________(edit) my selfies, posting them and eagerly checking my phone a hundred times for comments.
14.editing考查非谓语动词。句意：我每天花几个小时编辑我的自拍，发布它们，并急切地查看手机一百次去看评论。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定短语，表示“花费时间做某事”，短语中的介词in可以省略，所以空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填editing。
15.An athlete addicted to ________(climb) rocks built a climbing wall in his living room when he was forced to remain indoors by a COVID-19 lockdown.
15.climbing考查动名词。句意：当一名攀岩成瘾的运动员因新冠疫情封锁而被迫待在室内时，他在客厅里建了一面攀岩墙。be addicted to doing sth沉迷于做某事，to是介词，后面用动名词形式。故填climbing。
16.Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution by _________ (record) pollutant levels near the ground.
16.recording考查非谓语动词。句意：Baggy通过记录近地面的污染物水平，成为英国乃至可能世界上第一只加入对抗空气污染斗争的狗。根据空前的介词by可知，这里应用动名词形式，作介词的宾语，且和逻辑主语Baggy之间为主动关系。故填recording。
17.Although he resigned, he still did whatever he could to help the disabled, so he deserved_________.(praise)
17.praising，to be praised
考查固定搭配。句意：虽然他辞职了，但他仍然尽一切努力帮助残疾人，所以他应该被赞扬。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配deserve doing/to be done/，意为“值得被……”。故答案为praising、to be praised。
18.That does not necessarily mean ______ (employ) fewer staff. Rather, more of them will be in roles where they can directly help customers.
18.employing考查非谓语动词。句意：这并不一定意味着雇佣更少的员工。相反，他们中的更多人将担任可以直接帮助客户的角色。结合句意可知，表示“意味着做某事”可知短语为mean doing sth.动名词作宾语。故填employing。
19.There are some ways to untie the mess we’re creating in the world’s oceans, including ______ (expand) our idea of seafood to include jellyfish.
19.expanding考查非谓语动词。句意：有一些方法可以解开我们在世界海洋中制造的混乱，包括扩大我们对海产品的认识，包括水母。including“包括……在内”为介词，介词要接名词或动名词作宾语，所以应填expand的动名词。故填expanding。
20.Bishop says since robots have great difficulty ________ (understand) humor, she feels like it gives her better job safety as a comedy performer.
20.understanding考查非谓语。句意：Bishop说，由于机器人很难理解幽默，她觉得这让作为喜剧演员的她拥有更好的工作安全感。分析句子可知，这里考查have difficulty (in) doing sth 表“做某事有困难”，所以这里应填动名词作宾语。故填understanding。
21.After years of ________(observe) human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent.
21.observing考查非谓语动词。句意：经过多年对人性的观察，我认为成就斐然的人和表现平平的人的区别在于两种品质：好奇心和不满足。介词of后需跟动名词作宾语。故填observing。
22.As we get older, we start to want more privacy, but this can lead to parents ________ (feel) like they are left out of our world.
22.feeling考查动名词。句意：随着年龄的增长，我们开始想要更多的隐私，但这可能会导致父母感觉他们被排除在我们的世界之外。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语lead to sb. doing sth.，意为“导致某人做某事”，空处应填动名词作宾语。故填feeling。
23.Imagine a child____________ (stand) on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?” This is what motivation(动机) or the lack of it can do.
23.standing考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一个孩子站在四英尺高的跳板上，问自己一个问题:“我应该跳吗？”这就是动力或缺乏动力所能做的。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词stand是被修饰的名词child主动发出的动作，作动词Imagine的宾语，a child是stand的逻辑主语。imagine sb. doing sth.表示“想象某人做某事”的意思。故填standing。
24.Lucy is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to ________(translate) books into English as a volunteer.
24.translating考查动名词。句意：露西很和蔼，乐于助人，因为她作为一名志愿者花了很多时间把书翻译成英语。devote...to doing意为“为做某事贡献了……”，为固定搭配，此处是用动名词作宾语。故填translating。
25.The scenery takes our breath away, and as far as I’m concerned, Jiuzhaigou Valley is worthy of ________(visit).
25.being visited考查动名词的被动式。句意：九寨沟的风景让我们无法自拔，就我而言，九寨沟是值得一游的。作介词of的宾语应用动名词形式，且动词visit和主语Jiuzhaigou Valley 之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动式。故填being visited。

第四组（非谓语作宾补25题）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
微技能一：动词不定式作encourage, enable, warn等动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语。
1．I suppose I can get a good mark which will enable me ________(enter) my ideal college.
1. to enter考查非谓语动词。句意：我想我能取得一个好成绩，这将使我能够进入我理想的大学。enable sb. to do 为固定短语，意为“使某人做某事”，空格处应用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to enter。
2．It is impolite to urge other people ________(drink) in the West.
2．to drink考查非谓语动词。句意：在西方，劝酒是不礼貌的。此处为短语urge sb. to do sth.表示“催促某人做某事”。故填to drink。
3. The plan is designed to motivate more people ___________(take) actions to protect the environment.
3. to take 考查不定式。句意：这个计划是为了激励更多人采取行动来保护环境。此处考查固定短语motivate somebody to do something“激励某人做某事”，不定式作宾语。故填to take。
4．He is said ________(write) a new book about migrant workers, which is well received among readers.
4. to have written考查不定式。句意：据说他写了一本关于农民工的新书，深受读者欢迎。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型“据说某人.....”应用sb be said to do/to be doing/to have done的结构，由句意可知此处表示动作已经完成，应用不定式的完成时。故填to have written。
5．Students are encouraged ________ (develop) critical thinking instead of accepting opinions without questioning them.
5. to develop 考查动词不定式。句意：要鼓励学生培养批判性思维，而非不加质疑地接受各种观点。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，encourage变为被动后不影响动词不定式，故填to develop。
6．Large factories were being built and people were made ________ (work) long hours.
6. to work 考查非谓语动词。句意：当时正在兴建大型工厂，人们被迫长时间工作。短语sb. be made to do sth.表示“某人被迫做某事”。故填to work。
微技能二：现在分词作keep, seen, catch等动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语表示与宾语之间的主动行为。
7．The question kept me ______(wonder) for the rest of the night.
7. wondering考查非谓语动词。句意：这个问题让我整晚都在想。keep sb doing sth“使某人一直做某事”是固定句型，且和逻辑主语me是主动关系，故现在分词作宾语补足语。故填wondering。
8．When she looked around, she noticed a man ________ (put) his hand into a passenger’s pocket. She rushed to stop it in time.
8. putting考查非谓语动词。句意：当她环顾四周时，她注意到一个男人正把手伸进一位乘客的口袋里。她冲过去及时制止了它。分析句子，句中notice sb doing为固定短语，意为“看到某人做某事”，此处使用现在分词宾补结构。故填putting。
9．Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang ________ (run) away from the scene.
9. running考查现在分词。句意：突然，他看到自己的朋友李昌正从现场跑开。see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事”，且逻辑主语Li Chang和run之间是主动关系，故用现在分词表主动和进行。故填running。
10．I found Janet ________ (sit) on a bench in the backyard alone, watching the bright moon.
10. sitting 考查非谓语动词。句意：我发现珍妮特一个人坐在后院的长椅上，看着明亮的月亮。find sb doing sth是固定句型，现在分词作宾语补足语，和宾语之间是主动进行的关系。故填sitting。
11．The boy was caught ________(cheat) in the examination last week.
11. cheating 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个男孩上周考试作弊被抓住了。catch sb. doing sth.固定搭配，意为“抓住某人正在做某事”，此处是被动语态，sb. be caught doing sth.意为“某人被抓住正在做某事”，所以应用现在分词作主语补足语。故填cheating。
微技能三：过去分词作keep, seen, find等动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语表示与宾语之间的被动关系。
12．The monitor likes to keep the tables and stools _____ (polish)and everything arranged in perfect order.
12.polished考查过去分词。句意：班长喜欢把桌凳擦得亮亮的，一切都安排得井井有条。此处为“keep sth. done”结构，表示“使某事被做”，polish与the tables and stools之间为被动关系。故用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填polished。
13．After the ambulance arrived, they instantly had the injured ________ (send) to the hospital.
13.sent考查非谓语动词。句意：救护车到达后，他们立即把伤者送往医院。句子分析可知，设空处为非谓语动词，动词send与其逻辑主语the injured之间为动宾关系，设空处填过去分词表被动。故填sent。
14. With more importance ________ (attach) to traditional culture these years, hanfu has become increasingly popular.
14. attached考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，随着人们对传统文化的重视，汉服越来越受欢迎。介词with后名词more importance与attach之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。根据句意，故填attached。
15．The foreigner tried to make himself ___________(understand), but failed.
15. understood考查过去分词。句意：那个外国人试图让别人听懂他的话，但没有成功。句子的主语为tried。设空处应用非谓语动词，understand与逻辑主语himself之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作宾补。故填understood。
16. With all the problems_________(solve), they went home happily.
16．solved 考查过去分词。句意：所有问题都解决了，他们高高兴兴地回家了。本句中With all the problems________(solve)为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，其中宾语all the problems与动词solve之间为被动关系，故本空应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填solved。
17．When Snow White came to herself, she found herself_________ (surround) by seven dwarfs.
17.surrounded考查过去分词。句意：当白雪公主醒过来的时候，她发现自己被七个小矮人围着。空处应填非谓语动词，由空前的she found herself可知空处在句中作宾语补足语，herself与动词surround之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动，作宾语补足语。故填surrounded。
18．Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ (take) good care of at home.
18.taken考查非谓语动词。句意：从非洲两年的医疗服务回来后，李医生很高兴看到他的母亲在家里得到了很好的照顾。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语补足语，应使用非谓语动词形式，因与其逻辑主语his mother之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用过去分词形式，故填taken。
微技能四：用于“with +宾语+宾语补足语”结构或“宾语+宾语补足语”构成的独立主格结构。上述结构中to do表示“将要发生”，-ing强调主动含义，-ed强调被动含义。
19．With new technologies _________ (apply) to the production process, the output has increased by 40%.
19. applied考查过去分词。句意：随着新技术应用于生产过程，产量增加了40%。在with的复合结构中，technologies与apply之间存在被动关系，应使用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填applied。
20．I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __________(follow) in a year.
20. to follow考查独立主格。句意：我今天给你100美元，其余的一年后再给你。本句是独立主格结构，由句意可知，follow(跟着)和the rest是主动关系，且由in a year可知，follow这一动作还未发生，应用不定式。故填to follow。
21．The party will be held in the garden, weather ________ (permit)．
21. permitting考查独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园里举行。此处考查独立主格结构，permit与逻辑主语weather之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，weather permitting意为“如果天气好”，作条件状语。故填permitting。
22．The guide ________ (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
22. leading考查独立主格。句意：有向导带路，我们毫不费力地走出了森林。分析句子结构，该句中有一个谓语动词had，没有连词，所以此处应为非谓语动词，其前有名词the guide，所以此处应为独立主格结构，lead与其前面的名词the guide之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填leading。
23．So many problems ________ (remain) to be settled, I’m in a tight corner.
23. remaining考查非谓语动词。句意：有这么多问题有待解决，我处境艰难。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词remain是被修饰的名词problems主动发出的动作，所以用现在分词形式，构成独立主格结构。故填remaining。
24．There________(be)no further business to discuss, we all went home.
24. being考查非谓语动词。句意：没有别的事要讨论，我们都回家了。分析句子可知，空处前后两分句无连词，且逗号前部分有自己的主语，此处考查独立主格结构，故空处应用现在分词作状语，故应填being。故填being。
25．All things __________(take) into account, your article is of greater value than his.
25. taken考查独立主格结构。句意：综合考虑，你的文章比他的文章更有价值。分析句子结构可知，All things和your article是不同的两个逻辑主语，且your article is of greater value than his是完整的句子，所以All things (take) into account是独立主格结构，充当该句的原因状语，things和take into account是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此次take应用过去分词表被动。故填taken。

第五组（非谓语作主语、表语25题）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
微技能一:不定式或动名词作句首主语或形式主语。
1．________(attend) training classes means costing them much money.
1.Attending考查非谓语动词。句意：参加培训班意味着要花他们很多钱。此处作主语，应用动名词形式。故填Attending。
2．I find ________(paint) with water colour a lot easier than with oil.
2.painting考查非谓语动词。句意：我发现用水彩画比用油画容易得多。根据句意，作find的宾语，应用动名词painting，故填painting。
3．________ (adapt) to school life quickly is important for freshmen, which will influence their performance.
3.Adapting考查非谓语动词。句意：快速适应学校生活对新生来说很重要，这将影响他们的表现。作主语，应用名词形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Adapting。
4．A small town in England is teaching the world that it is important ________ (grow) your own food.
4. to grow考查固定句型。句意：英国的一个小镇正在告诉全世界，种植自己的食物很重要。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型it is+形容词+to do，表示“做某事是怎样的”，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式to do作真正的主语。故填to grow。
5．It is their responsibility________ (ensure) that the rules are enforced.
5.to ensure考查非谓语动词。句意：他们有责任确保制度的执行。本句中It是形式主语，空处应填动词不定式，作真正的主语。故填to ensure。
6．It is very kind of you ______________ (give) me a hand in time.
6.to give考查不定式。句意：你及时帮了我一把，真是太好了。It形式主语，give用不定式形式作真正主语。故填to give。
7．It takes me a long time ________(finish) to project so that I feel too tired to walk any further.
7.to finish考查动词不定式。句意：我花了很长时间才完成这个项目，以至于我累得走不动了。“it takes sb some time to do sth”为固定句型，意为“花费某人多长时间去做某事”，it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语，故填to finish。
8．It is worthwhile ________ (sum) up the experience and characteristics of Macao in faithfully implementing “one country, two systems”.
8.to sum/summing考查非谓语动词。句意：总结澳门忠实贯彻“一国两制”的经验和特点是值得的。It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.做某事是值得的。根据句意，故填to sum/summing。
9．It is crucial ________(step) up international cooperation to minimize the COVID-19’s impact on economic growth.
9.to step考查非谓语动词。句意：加强国际合作，减少新冠肺炎疫情对经济增长的影响是至关重要的。分析句子可知，此处用了It is adj. to do sth.的固定句型，It作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，空处应用to step。故填to step。
10．The poster warns people that it’s illegal ________(hunt) endangered animals in the reserve. 10.to hunt考查非谓语动词。句意：海报警告人们在保护区捕猎濒危动物是非法的。It is +形容词+ to do sth.做某事，it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。根据句意，故填to hunt。
11．It’s possible ______________ (give) without loving, but it is not possible to love without giving.
11.to give考查非谓语。句意：可以付出而不爱，但不可能只爱而不付出。分析句子可知，空处是固定句型it is possible to do sth.“有可能做……”，it在句中作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to give。
微技能二：不定式或动名词作表语，起解释说明作用。
12．The purpose of the activity is ___(raise) people’s awareness of environmental protection.
12. to raise考查非谓语动词。句意：这个活动的目的是提高人们的环保意识。动词不定式在此处作表语，说明主语purpose 的具体内容。故填to raise。
13．An important step for developing countries towards developed ones is ______(wipe) out poverty.
13．to wipe考查非谓语动词。句意：发展中国家走向发达国家的一个重要步骤是消除贫困。根据句意可知，消除贫困这一动作还未发生，所以此处应用不定式作表语说明主语的内容，故填to wipe。
14．Alone in his room, he asked himself whether he was ____________ (blame).
14. to blame考查不定式。句意：他独自一人在房间里，问自己是否应该受到谴责。固定搭配be to blame (应受谴责)符合句意。故填to blame。
15．Instead, the aim is ________ (permit) us to make informed choices as to how we use our time.
15. to permit考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，其目的是让我们在如何利用时间方面做出明智的选择。此处作表语，表目的和将来的动作，应用动词不定式。故填to permit。
16．All that I did all morning was ________(prepare) the meal.
16. to prepare考查非谓语动词。句意：整个上午我所做的一切就是准备饭菜。分析句子，句中was为谓语动词，设空处为非谓语动词。表示具体的事应使用不定式作表语。prepare为动词，意为“准备”。故填to prepare。
17．She told us that her only wish here was ________ (get) information about her old friends.
17. to get考查非谓语动词。句意：她告诉我们，她在这里唯一的愿望就是得到她老朋友的消息。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作表语，结合句意，此处表示“她唯一的愿望”，所以表语部分的动作还未发生，应使用不定式形式表将来，且表主动意义。故填to get。
18．The purpose of this activity is ________(encourage) the students to speak English.
18. to encourage考查动词不定式。句意：这个活动的目的是鼓励学生说英语。分析可知，“________ (encourage) the students to speak English”为表语，用动词不定式来表示目的。故填to encourage。
19．The boy’s hobby is __________ (collect) all the old newspapers.
19.collecting考查动名词作宾语。句意：这个男孩的爱好就是收集所有的旧报纸。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词的动名词形式，作表语，对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。故填collecting。
20．Vehicles go faster than ever, but they remain ________(trap) in traffic jams.
20.trapped考查非谓语动词。句意：车辆的速度比以往任何时候都快，但它们仍然困在交通堵塞中。分析句子可知，空处作remain的表语，they（Vehicles）和trap之间为被动关系，应用trap的过去分词形式trapped，构成remain trapped，表示“仍然被困”。故填trapped。
微技能三：非谓语用于特定结构或句型。
21．We couldn't help wondering how long it would take ______________ (get) there.
21. to get考查非谓语动词。句意：我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“lt takes/took sb.一段时间+to do sth”，意为“花费(某人)一段时间做某事”，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语，get意为“到达”，动词词性，不定式to后接动词原形。故填to get。
22．I didn’t know how to deal with the problem, so I had no alternative but ________(turn) to you for help.
22.to turn考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道如何处理这个问题，所以我别无选择，只能向你寻求帮助have no alternative but to do为固定短语，含义为：别无选择，只能……，故填to turn。
23．Peter had no choice but ____(accept) the fact that he had been rejected by the football team.
23. to accept考查非谓语动词。句意：彼得别无选择，只能接受他被足球队拒绝的事实。固定短语have no choice but to do sth.表示“除做某事之外别无选择”。故填to accept。
14．It remains ____________ (see)whether he will be fit enough to play in the finals.
24. to be seen考查非谓语动词。句意：他是否足够健康能够参加决赛还有待观察。it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句，remain to do固定搭配，意为“仍然做”，且主语whether he will be fit enough to play in the finals和动词see是被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态，故填to be seen。
25．There is no need _________(tell) him the news so soon.
25. to tell考查非谓语动词。句意：没有必要这么快就把消息告诉他。此处为固定句型there is no need to do sth.表示“没有必要做某事”。故填to tell。