【暑假高三预备】课标全国卷地区英语高二（升高三）暑假预习-第17讲 语法填空 讲学案

这是一份【暑假高三预备】课标全国卷地区英语高二（升高三）暑假预习-第17讲 语法填空 讲学案，文件包含第17讲语法填空解析版-暑假自学课2023年新高三英语暑假精品课课标全国卷docx、第17讲语法填空原卷版-暑假自学课2023年新高三英语暑假精品课课标全国卷docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共66页， 欢迎下载使用。

1. 掌握语法填空答题要求和高考考向。
2. 掌握语法填空答题技巧和形式判断。
3. 掌握常见构词法和固定句型搭配等。
一、语法填空思维导图
高考英语语法填空十二个技巧
技巧一：名词形式变化。
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
技巧二：动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。
技巧三：代词形式变化。
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关。即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如n ne/ nne ther/ anther。指示代词（it和this）it 用作引导词等。
技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er 和-est，或在词前加mre/less 和mst/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。
技巧五：数词形式变化。
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty 的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及ne/tw 的特殊变化形式nce/twice。
技巧六：词的派生。
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
技巧七：固定短语结构。
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词结合看才能命中答案。
技巧八：从句引导词。
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要考查学生对各种从句掌握程度。
技巧九：短语动词结构。
短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
技巧十：介词、短语介词结构。
常用的介词有in，at，n，befre，during 等，通常考查固定搭配。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except fr，due t 等。
技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。
常用的连词有and，r，but，s，fr，while 等，常用的关联短语bth……and，either……r，neither……nr，nt nly……but als 等。
技巧十二：冠词无提示词名词之前。
冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断。
考点一：提示词为动词，考查谓语动词
若句中没有其他的谓语动词，或者虽已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致，偶尔也有考查虚拟语气的情况。
例1．（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
答案：was amazed。
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
例2．(2022•新高考II卷) Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
答案:was fixing。
解析：句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
例3． (2020•全国III卷) The artist was sure he wuld __________ (chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld man laughed.
答案:be chsen。
解析：首先情态动词后接动词原形，结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是be chsen。
例4． (2020•全国III卷)When he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ________ (pint) dwn the river.
答案: pinted。
解析：本句是“A and B”型并列句，因此谓语动词应保持一致。故答案是pinted。
考点二：提示词为动词，考查非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，则所给动词应用非谓语动词形式。一般而言，v.－ing形式表示主动、进行；动词－ed形式表示被动、完成；动词不定式表示目的、将来、具体或一次性的动作。
例5．（2023新高考I卷）T eat ne, yu have t decide whether (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), r t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue.
答案: t bite。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide t d sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面t put并列作宾语，故填t bite。
例6．（2023新高考I卷）Shanghai may be the 39 (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ha’s birthplace.
答案:recgnized。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词hme前面作定语，recgnize与hme是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recgnized作定语，recgnized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recgnized。
例7．（2023全国甲卷）“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, where all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
答案：brrwing。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与brrw之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填brrwing。
考点三：提示词为动词，考查词性转换为名词或形容词
当所给提示词虽为动词，但既不是谓语动词又不是非谓语动词时，就要考虑进行词性转换。高考中常考查动词变为名词，偶有变形容词或副词的情况。做题时只需根据其所作句子成分来确定其词性便可做出正确的转换。
例8．.（2023新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right befre the 36 (arrive) f the tw new pandas, Meng Meng and Jia Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and cnfident speaking English.
答案：arrival。
解析：考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词befre的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
例9．（2021全国II卷）I was s________ (excite) when he wrte back t me.
答案：excited
解析：考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
考点四：提示词为名词，考查名词的数与格及词形转换
所给词为名词时，常考查单复数的变化，此时应首先判断所给名词为可数还是不可数再根据其修饰词来确定，例如，当其前有ne f, many, different, all等词或短语且所给名词为可数名词时，应用其复数形式；有时也考查名词的所有格，此时它应做定语，译作“……的”。 所给词为名词时，有时也考查词类转换，主要是名词变为形容词或动词。
例10．（2023新高考II卷）They als need t be ready t give 41 (interview) in English with internatinal jurnalists.
答案：interviews。
解析：考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。
例11．（2022新高考II卷）He saved my _________ (sn) life," said Mrs. Brwn.
答案：sn’s
解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词sn之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填sn’s。
例12．（2023新高考I卷）Xia lng ba (sup dumplings), thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing ht, 36 (taste) sup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favrite Chinese street fd.
答案：tasty。
解析：考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词sup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。
例13．（2023浙江1月卷） The hutngs they frmed were rderly, lined by (space) hmes and walled gardens.
答案：spacius。
解析：考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词hmes。故填spacius。
考点五：提示词代词，考查代词的数、格或反身代词
所给词为代词时，常考查人称代词变为物主代词，此时其后一般会有一个名词，所给代词就是用来修饰这个名词的，译作“……的”。 所给词为代词时，有时考查人称代词变为反身代词。这两种情况一般可依据所作成分或句意进行判断。
例14．（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them t be lifted ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f 42 (they) cntents.
答案：their。
解析：考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词cntents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
例15．（2021全国I卷）As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in （I）.
答案：mine
解析：句意为：对我来说的确如此。指my memry,所以用名词性物主代词作介词的宾语,故填mine.
例16．（2020年新高考卷）As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in histry r walking thrugh a rainfrest.
答案：themselves
解析：考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitrs，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
考点六：提示词为形容词，考查形容词或副词的比较等级
当提示词为形容词或副词时，常考查比较等级(即比较级和最高级)。此时一般可根据所给提示词前后的than, by, the, even等比较等级中常出现的特殊词汇并结合语意去进行判断。
例17． （2023浙江1月卷）Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple)in design and decratin, and the hutngs were narrwer.
答案：simpler。
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
例18．（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Ca has walked thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa’s ____________ (high) muntain.
答案:highest。
考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
例19． (2021•新高考卷) The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the __________ (ht) the spring! Strange, isn’t it?
答案:htter。
解析：这是“the +比较级…, the +比较级…”句型。故答案是htter。
考点七：提示词为形容词，考查形容词词性转换为副词甚至动词
当所给提示词虽为形容词或副词且不是考查比较等级时，则应考虑形容词或副词的词性转换，一般常考查形容词变为副词或名词。做题时，除了根据句意进行判断外，主要应从其所作成分去思考。
例20．（2023新高考I卷）N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is 44 (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left wanting mre next time.
答案：rarely。
解析：考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。
例21．（2023新高考II卷）S, what are they learning? 43 (basic), hw t describe a panda’s life.
答案：Basically。
解析：考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。
考点八：无提示词，根据句子含义填冠词
若空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，则一般填冠词。此外，还需注意冠词的固定搭配。
例22．（2023新高考I卷）The meat shuld be fresh with 43 tuch f sweetness and the sup ht, clear and delicius.
答案：a。
解析：考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a tuch f “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，tuch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
例23．（2023新高考II卷）Nt the pandas, even thugh 39 language used fr the medical training instructins is actually English.
答案：the。
解析：考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
考点九：无提示词，根据句子含义填介词
当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前一般填介词。高考语法填空中对介词的考查侧重固定搭配或习惯用法，应注意平时多积累。
例24．（2023新高考I卷）There yu will find them prepared differently- mre dumpling and less sup, and the wrappers are pressed 40 hand rather than rlled.
答案：by。
解析：考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
例25．（2023全国甲卷）She warns f the envirnmental dangers facing sciety, and she teaches that peple must take respnsibility 68 saving their envirnment.
答案：fr。
解析：考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take respnsibility fr对……负责。故填fr。
考点十：无提示词，根据句子含义填代词
当句子缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填入代词或名词。高考侧重对it作形式主语、宾语的考查，近几年对人称代词、不定代词的考查往往会给提示词的。
例26．（2018年浙江卷）Many westerners wh cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap _________ can be t eat ut.
答案：it
解析：考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be hw cheap t eat ut.其中不定式t eat ut是真正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。
考点十一：无提示词，根据句子含义填并列连词
当空格处前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般填并列连词。此时要根据前后部分的逻辑关系或固定句式去填and, but，r等。
例27．（2023新高考I卷）T eat ne, yu have t decide whether t bite a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 38 t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue.
答案：r。
解析：考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。 “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填r。
例28．（2023新高考II卷）It’s been an hnr t watch the panda prgramme develp 44 t see the pandas settle int their new hme.
答案：and。
解析：考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“t watch the panda prgramme develp”和“t see the pandas settle int their new hme”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。
例29．.（2023全国乙卷）It is a distinct visual cntrast (反差) that shuldn’t wrk, 65 smehw these tw very different wrlds make a gd cmbinatin.
答案：but。
解析：考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual cntrast (反差) that shuldn’t wrk,”和空后“smehw these tw very different wrlds make a gd cmbinatin.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。
考点十二：无提示词，根据句子含义填定语从句关系代词或关系副词
设空处跟在名词后面，且空后的句子对这个名词进行修饰限定，即表示这个名词的性质、特点等，则为定语从句，然后再根据这个名词在空后句子中所作的成分去判断用何关系词。
例30．（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, 63 Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw”.
答案：as。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
例31．（2023全国甲卷）“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, 64 all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, brrwing sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
答案：where。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为twn，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
例32．（2023全国乙卷）But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place 63 welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural wnders standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
考点十三：无提示词，根据句子含义填名词性从句连接词
设空处后面有两个谓语动词，通常后面的那个是主句的谓语，前面为主语从句；设空处跟在及物动词或介词后面，且后面有谓语动词，通常为宾语从句；设空处跟在系动词后面(注意系动词不仅仅是指be动词，还包括感官动词和表示动作保持或变化的动词)，则为表语从句。
例33．（2023新高考II卷）They als need t be ready t give interviews in English with internatinal jurnalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer.
答案：why。
解析：考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
例34．（2021全国I卷）_____________is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
答案：what
解析：考查主语从句。句意为：这段经历让人叹为观止的是那些超凡脱俗的场景。引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表示"……的东西",故填What。
考点十四：无提示词，根据句子含义填状语从句连接词
设空处所在的句子后面为逗号，逗号后为另一个句子，此时一般为状语从句。从属连词是连词的一种，用来引导从句，作为主句的一部分，修饰主句。确定从属连词的关键是，先判断其前后是不是两个完整的句子，它们是否都有各自的谓语，然后根据句意确定它们的从属关系判断具体用哪个词。
例35．（2020全国III卷）__________ he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river.
答案：as/ when
解析：考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
【2023▪新高考I卷】
Xia lng ba (sup dumplings), thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing ht, 36 (taste) sup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favrite Chinese street fd. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerusly ht. T eat ne, yu have t decide whether 37 (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 38 t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue. Shanghai may be the 39 (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ha’s birthplace. There yu will find them prepared differently- mre dumpling and less sup, and the wrappers are pressed 40 hand rather than rlled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them 41 (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f 42 (they) cntents. The meat shuld be fresh with 43 tuch f sweetness and the sup ht, clear and delicius.
N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is 44 (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left 45 (want) mre next time.
【2023▪新高考II卷】
Whenever I tell peple that I teach English at the Berlin Z, I almst always get a questining lk. Behind it, the persn is trying t figure ut wh exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right befre the 36 (arrive) f the tw new pandas, Meng Meng and Jia Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and 37 (cnfidence) speaking English. And wh d they speak English 38 ?
Nt the pandas, even thugh 39 language used fr the medical training instructins is actually English. They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t 40 (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China. They als need t be ready t give 41 (interview) in English with internatinal jurnalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer.
S, what are they learning? 43 (basic), hw t describe a panda’s life. It’s been an hnr t watch the panda prgramme develp 44 t see the pandas settle int their new hme. As a little girl, I 45 (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up. Nw, I’m living ut that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers d their jb in English.
【2023▪全国甲卷】
Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) 61 (teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm. Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp’s fables date t the 62 (six) century, B. C. Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, 63 Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw”
Carsn uses a simple, direct style cmmn t fable. In fact, her style and tne (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was nce a twn in the heart f America, 64 all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, 65 (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables. Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message 66 (intend) fr everyne.
67 (difference) frm traditinal fables, Carsn’s stry ends with an accusatin instead f a mral. She warns f the envirnmental dangers facing sciety, and she teaches that peple must take respnsibility 68 saving their envirnment.
The themes f traditinal fables ften deal with simple truths abut everyday life. Hwever, Casn’s theme is a mre weighty 69 (warn) abut envirnmental destructin. Carsn prves that a simple lyric frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still 70 (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
【2023▪全国乙卷】
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the mdern. Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng 61 ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully 62 (build) system f ring rads.
But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place 63 welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural 64 (wnder) standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
It is a distinct visual cntrast (反差) that shuldn’t wrk, 65 smehw these tw very different wrlds make a gd cmbinatin. 66 (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing. As a phtgrapher, I have spent the last tw years 68 (recrd) everything I discvered.
The 69 (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, 70 (mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
【2023▪浙江1月卷】
During China’s dynastic perid, emperrs planned the city f Beijing 56 arranged the residential areas accrding t scial classes. The term “hutng”, 57 (riginal)meaning “water well” in Mnglian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Frbidden City, 58 (surrund)in cncentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens f higher scial classes 59 (permit) t live clser t the center f the circles. The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften 60 (feature) beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子). The hutngs they frmed were rderly, lined by 61 (space) hmes and walled gardens. Farther frm the center lived the cmmners and labrers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 62 (simple)in design and decratin, and the hutngs were narrwer.
Hutngs represent an imprtant cultural element f the city f Beijing. Thanks t Beijing’s lng histry 63 capital f China, almst every hutng has its stries, and sme are even assciated with histric 64 (event). In cntrast t the curt life and upper-class culture represented by the Frbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple f Heaven, the hutngs reflect 65 culture f grassrts Beijingers.
【2022▪新高考I卷】
The Chinese gvernment recently finalized a plan t set up a Giant Panda Natinal Park(GPNP). 56 (cver)an area abut three times 57 size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry. The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that 58 (be)previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity 59 (increase)effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design)t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, 61 leaving behind precius natural assets(资产)fr future generatins”. The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate 62 (ppulatin)and hmes f giant pandas, and 63 (eventual)achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
Giant pandas als serve 64 an umbrella species(物种), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China. The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
【2022▪新高考II卷】
Henry Tyler made the catch f the year n the weekend. When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the 56 (fall) child.
Eric Brwn, nly three years ld, kncked Henry dwn when he fell. The by is in the hspital and dctrs say he'll be OK.
57 Brwn family live in an apartment building utside Trnt. On the day f the accident, Mrs. Brwn was at wrk and Eric was at hme with his father. They bth fell 58 (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric wke up a little later when he heard children playing utside. He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up 59 (see) them. When he lked dwn, he 60 (accidental ) slipped and fell ver the edge. He hung n fr a few minutes 61 screamed fr his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry 62 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny. He quickly 63 (thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut.
He saved my 64 (sn) life," said Mrs. Brwn. "I dn't knw 65 t thank him.”
"I just didn't want the by t be hurt," said Henry.
【2022▪全国甲卷】
A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step 61 (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, 62 lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince. Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin 63 (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad. 64 friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental 65 (prtect). Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre 66 (meaning). The tw f them cllected mre than 1,000 plastic bttles alng the 40-day jurney.
In the last five years, Ca 67 (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa’s 68 (high) muntain.
Nw, Ca has started the secnd part f his dream t walk alng the Belt and Rad rute. He flew 4, 700 kilmeters 69 Xi’an t Kashgar n seat 20, 70 (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
【2022▪全国乙卷】
May 21st this year marks the first Internatinal Tea Day, which was named fficially 61 the United Natins n Nvember 27th, 2019. T celebrate 62 festival, a number f events tk place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing n Thursday.
The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety 63 (address) the pening ceremny. “As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the 64 (large) tea-prducing cuntry, China has a 65 (respnsible)t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry. It can help t build a cmmunity with a 66 (share) future fr mankind,” he said.
The “First Internatinal Tea Day Tea Rad Cperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremny calls fr peple wrking in the tea industry t cme tgether t prmte internatinal cperatin 67 cultural exchanges. A fur-year tea prmtin —Tea Rad Cperative Plan—was als issued in accrdance with the initiative.
68 (strengthen)the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, 69 (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was fficially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremny, pening 70 (it)first exhibitin: The Avenue f Truth—A Special Exhibitin f Pu’er Tea.
【2022▪浙江6月卷】
T understand a painting, we’re taught t lk fr clr, cmpsitin, and light. But hw can a painting 56 (appreciate)by smene wh’s blind? Thrugh tuch, the ne thing gallery signs tell yu nt 57 (d). Jhn Olsn, a frmer 58 (phtgraph)and his team turn paintings int fully textured 3D mdels.
The tactile(可触知的)paintings wrk as a way t shw art t 59 blind because we dn’t see with just Our eyes: We see with ur brains. Research in the field f neurplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shws that the visual crtex(大脑皮层)is made active by tuch. Blind peple recgnize shapes with their 60 (exist) senses, in a way similar t that f 61 (sight )peple, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, wh’s nw thirteen, went blind suddenly 62 age seven. When he felt a 3D versin f Lenard da Vinci’s “Mna Lisa” he 63 (ntice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what yu see when yu lk at it,” he said.
Fr Luc, this means 64 (independent). "The feeling f being able t see it 65 t frm my pinin is like breaking dwn anther wall as a blind persn.”
【2022▪浙江1月卷】
Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics 56 are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change. Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like frequently by plane 57 (view) as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin. But Cbb and thers 58 (be) nw questining that idea pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely, and 59 (change) their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, 60 (rugh) 200 academics - many f them climate scientists 61 (prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak 62 she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f 63 time, they agreed. When the answer was n, she declined the 64 (invite). That apprach brught Cbb's air travel last year dwn by 75%, and she plans 65 (cntinue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding", she says, "a really psitive change."
【01】阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We cannt prevent an earthquake frm happening, but we can learn hw 1 (survive) an earthquake. If yu are indrs, dn’t try t run ut f the building during an earthquake. The mst imprtant thing 2 (be) t prtect yurself as much as yu can. Drp dwn nt yur hands and knees. Cver yur head and neck with yur hands, arms r hard 3 (bject). If pssible, find 4 strng shelter nearby which will cver yur whle bdy. Hld n t yur shelter until the shaking stps.
If yu’re utdrs, mve t pen areas. Buildings, trees, streetlights and pwer lines can fall dwn during an earthquake. Find a shelter 5 yu can stay. If yu are near bjects that can fall, find a shelter t prtect 6 (yu) frm them. Wait befre mving t anther place. Objects may als fall after an earthquake and there are always strng aftershcks. Observe carefully befre yu mve away.
If yu’re in a car, stp yur car as sn as yu can, but avid 7 (stp) near a building r under a tree. Stay 8 (seat) and stay calm in yur car. The car’s metal bdy can prtect yu 9 falling bjects. Drive carefully when the quake stps. Avid bridges that 10 (damage) r may be damaged by the aftershcks.
【02】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I arrived in Beijing three weeks ag; a native Iwan f the United States far frm the land-lcked Midwestern state I call hme. I was eager 11 (experience) all the differences life back hme never gave me. Yet sn after 12 (I) arrival I nticed sme similarities, althugh it was laughable at first t try and cmpare Iwa City, where I live, 13 a ppulatin f 70,000peple, and Beijing, which has abut 20 millin peple.
I sn recgnized ur cmmn lve fr ndles. In Beijing ndles 14 (be) a part f the traditinal everyday diet and an essential part f nrthern Chinese 15 (dish). I’m happy t reprt that ndles cntinue t be a part f my meals and are just as affrdable.
Iwans knw a lt abut rural life as an 16 (agriculture) state and depend n it, like China, fr jbs. Iwa is als knwn fr raising quality pigs, 17 we lve t eat and s d peple in China. It is reprted that prk makes up nearly three-furths f the ttal meat 18 (cnsume) annually in China and Iwa is the 19 (large) prk prducer in the US.
I suppse 20 a Beijinger sat dwn next t an Iwan n the subway, it wuld turn t be an interesting cnversatin.
【03】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Chinese high schl principal Zhang Guimei has been hnred 21 the title “Rle Mdel f the Times” in recgnitin f her dedicatin t educatin fr girls.
With the supprt f the Party and the gvernment, she helped establish the cuntry’s first senir high schl t ffer free educatin fr girls frm pr families. Since it pened in 2008, it 22 (see) mre than 1,800 students prgress t universities and clleges.
Abut 20 years ag, while n the way t visit a student’s huse, Zhang Guimei, then a rural teacher in Huaping cunty, Lijiang, Yunnan prvince, nticed a girl 23 (sit) n the hillside. She was staring 24 (blank) int space. The girl, 13, tld Zhang she was abut t get married and it was arranged by her parents.
That fateful encunter(邂逅) persuaded Zhang 25 (build) a free high schl fr girls, aiming t help break the spell (魔咒) 26 wmen drp ut f educatin, marry early and spend 27 (they) whle life in the remte muntain.
After years f trying t raise funds, in 2008, Huaping High Schl fr Girls, a free public high schl, 28 (fund) at the ft f the Shizi Muntain in Huaping, where Zhang is the principal. Over the decades, Mre than 1,800 29 (graduate) have been admitted t cllege, 30 is regarded a “miracle” in the remte area, as mst students didn’t perfrm well in academic study befre the schl was established.
【04】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mixing traditinal Chinese tea with cffee has 31 (recent) becme a new trend fr bth suppliers f bth drinks. They are making every effrt 32 (pen) the market. Mixing tea and cffee is nt a new thing as yuenyeung r yuanyang, which generally cnsists 33 brewed cffee and black tea with sugar and milk. Yuenyeung 34 (be) a ppular refreshment ptin in Hng Kng ver the past few years. Yuenyeung refers t a pair f mandarin ducks, ne male and ne female. The drink usually cmbines a harmnius mix f equal parts f cffee and milk tea.
As China’s cffee and tea markets are bth develping quickly, the new drinks have becme a windw thrugh 35 yung custmers can understand and learn abut traditinal tea culture, 36 (break) the steretype (成见) that nly the middle-aged and elderly drink tea. Dmestic and internatinal cffee brands have expanded in the past cuple f years, with new prducts cntinuusly being 37 (launch) that feature Chinese tea r ther Chinese cultural 38 (element).
Lu Yngchen, CEO f Tim Hrtns China, says, “We have seen the rise f China’s cffee cnsumptin market 39 persnally experienced the cntinuus imprvement f the business envirnment and the 40 (strength) supprt frm the gvernment fr business develpment.”
【05】阅读下面的材料，在空白处填人适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
American summers are filled with utdr picnics, baseball games and swimming pls. Summer in America is a time 41 (enjy) the utdrs, n matter hw ht it might be. Let’s take 42 lk at sme f the ppular drinks.
Lemnade is the 43 (cmmn) f all American summer drinks. It is made by mixing lemn juice, water and sugar. It 44 (serve) very cld with ice. Anther ppular summer drink in America is ice tea， 45 is usually served in a tall glass f ice. Many 46 (American) chse t add sugar t sweeten the drink. They drink 47 in the afternn while 48 (relax) in the shade. Ice tea is nw als sld by the bttle, at almst any stre in America.
The Slurpee, a famus American drink in recent years, is a great way t cl ff in the summer heat. It is a mix f ice, sugar and fruit juice. They can be bught at mst small 49 (cnvenience) stres. Slurpees are ppular 50 yung Americans. Milkshakes have a lng histry in America. It is made f a mix f ice cream, milk and flavring.
【06】阅读下面短文，在空白处填A．1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new research,which 51 (publish) in the jurnal PLOS Generics, has fund that peple’s genes are key t 52 (help) them stay slim. Cnducted by 53 (schlar) frm Cambridge University, the study has fund that thin peple have DNA 54 cntains fewer variants linked t being verweight. There are genes 55 (assciate) with thinness and they play at least 40percent f a rle 56 peple’s weight. This might help explain why sme peple are naturally skinny while thers have big prblems with keeping their weight dwn and seem t pile n the punds s easily.
Accrding t the researchers, they 57 (undertake) the study last year t find ut why s many peple struggle with their weight and they wanted t help them. They added, “it is easy t rush t 58 (judge) and criticize peple fr their weight，but actually things are far mre cmplex. Healthy and thin peple are generally thin nt because they are 59 (mral) superir, 60 because they have a lwer burden f genes that increase a persn’s chances f being verweight.”
【07】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yucun and Xidi, tw villages in eastern China, 61 (entitle) “Best Turism Villages” by Wrld Turism Organizatin in 2021. The “Best Turism Villages” initiative aims t prmte the rle f turism in 62 (prtect) rural villages, alng with their landscapes, natural and cultural diversity. The tw villages will gain access t an exchange platfrm 63 (spnsr) by Wrld Turism Organizatin and receive supprtfrm it.
The village f Yucun, lcated in Anji Cunty f east China’s Zhejiang Prvince, is ften referred t as a “beautiful twn” as its 64 (envirnmental)cnscius (有……意识的) lcal authrities treasure the area’s clear waters and green muntains. Back in the 1980s and 1990s, the village based its ecnmy 65 the area’s high-quality mineral resurces and became the 66 (rich) cmmunity in Anji, but it als paid 67 high price fr pllutin. In recent years, Yucun has made the effrt 68 (imprve) its envirnment and by nw it has becme a ppular turist destinatin.
Xidi, 69 unique, elegant black tile (瓦片) rf wden huses and decrative gate twers are well-knwn, is lcated just 40 km frm the Huangshan turist attractin. Xidi ranks amng China’s ten mst imprtant histric and cultural 70 (center).
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Yu must have seen newspaper carriers. Ever since the 71 (invent) f the newspaper, there have been newspaper carriers. In America, Newspaper Carrier Day hlds them in 72 highest regard and shares their effrts with the wrld.
Newspaper Carrier Day was created 73 (hnr) the effrts f the first newsby hired (雇用) by the Museum f the City f New Yrk. In 1833, 10-year-ld Blarney Flaherty first picked up his lad f newspapers and 74 (shut) “Paper! Get yur paper here!” n the streets. Over 180 years later Newspaper Carrier Day celebrates thse brave peple 75 fllwed in his ftsteps.
It’s 76 (amaze) t knw that Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King had their start early in their lives carrying the lcal paper. It still serves as ne f the first 77 (jb) yung men and wmen hld in many lcal cmmunities. They use their bikes t deliver the news t peple all ver their neighbrhd 78 (regular).
The best way t celebrate Newspaper Carrier Day is t thank ne’s newspaper carrier by 79 (bring) them a cup f ht cffee t warm their hands and their hearts. Peple als give them a tip t thank them 80 their service.
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Tea is said t be first discvered and drunk in China. As the hmetwn f tea, China wns a prfund tea culture frm ancient times. Fr Chinese peple, it is a ppular drink with many health 81 (benefit).
Tday, China still accunts 82 abut 60% f tea plantatins in the wrld. Chinese peple are believed 83 (enjy) tea drinking fr mre than 4,000 years. Fr a lng time, tea was used as herbal medicine. The 84 (early) recrd abut tea as a drink appeared in the Western Han Dynasty. Chinese tea culture wn 85 (ppular) during the Tang Dynasty because f a famus persn, Lu Yu. The Classic f Tea 86 (write) by him is a tea encyclpedia(百科全书), 87 is all abut tea, such as grwth areas fr tea trees, wares and skills fr prcessing and tasting f tea, and the histry f Chinese tea.
Als, in this perid, tea seeds 88 (take) t Japan. In the Sng Dynasty, Arabic merchants imprted tea frm China. Tea was sld t Sutheast Asian and Suth African cuntries in the Ming Dynasty. In 1610, it went t Eurpe in a Dutch merchant ship. And tea 89 (eventual) became an internatinal drink.
Making tea, smelling tea and appreciating tea 90 (be) nt nly the tea ceremny but als a traditinal Chinese culture.
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We’ve all heard that laughter is the 91 (gd) medicine, and it’s true. Laughter makes yu feel better and it’s als gd 92 yur relatinships. Laughter brings peple clser, and is a 93 (pwer) tl fr making yu relax when feelings are running high. Whether with yur friends and family, r c-wrkers, yu can learn t use humr 94 (slve) disagreements, lwer everyne’s stress levels, and cmmunicate in a way that deepens the relatinships.
Humr plays 95 imprtant rle in all kinds f relatinships. In new relatinships, humr can be a useful tl nt just fr attracting the ther persn but als fr getting ver any awkwardness (尴尬) 96 (arise) when we get t knw each ther. In ld relatinships, humr can keep things mre exciting and fresher.
Sharing the pleasure f humr 97 (create) a sense f clseness and cnnectin between tw peple— 98 (quality) that are signs f strng and successful relatinships. When yu laugh with ne anther, yu create a psitive relatinship between yu, 99 acts as a strng buffer (缓冲剂) against stress, disagreements and disappintments in yur relatinship. And laughter is spreading—just hearing smene laugh ften makes yu smile 100 (happy) and jin in the fun.