2022-2023学年广西南宁市示范性高中高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）

这是一份2022-2023学年广西南宁市示范性高中高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年广西南宁市示范性高中高一（下）期末英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共14小题，共37.5分）
A
Using 1900 as a starting point，here's a look at some of the most powerful and destructive hurricanes in the last 120 years in the US.
Most powerful hurricanes
Hurricane Camille，which landed on August 17，1969 near Waveland，Mississippi，is the most powerful storm to strike the Gulf Coast.Camille is one of the four category（级别）-5 hurricanes ever to make a landing in the US，the others being the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane，Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and Hurricane Michael in 2018.
According to the National Weather Service，the actual wind speed of Hurricane Camille might be around 175 mph along the coast.
Until the arrival of Hurricane Katrina，Camille's more than 24-foot storm wave in Pass Christian，Mississippi，held the record.Katrina's storm wave along the Mississippi coast reached 30 feet.
Costliest hurricanes
Hurricane Katrina is not only the costliest-ever US hurricane but also the most expensive natural disaster in the country's history.Not only did it cost as many as 1，836 lives and leave millions of people homeless，but it also caused ﹩160 billion in damages.
Katrina landed near the Gulf Coast on August 29，2005 as a category-3 storm.The hurricane's record-breaking waves flooded 80% of the city.
Deadliest hurricanes
The category-4 Hurricane Galveston made a surprising landing along the Texas coast on September 8，1900.It caused a 16-foot storm wave and its wind speed reached 150 mph.
A large part of the city of Galveston，Texas，was left in ruins.The number of death reached 12，000 on Galveston Island and the mainland.It remains the deadliest weather disaster in the US history as it gave the people no time to move out.
1. How many category-5 storms have stricken the US since 1900？ ______
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
2. Which is the costliest hurricane in the US？ ______
A. Hurricane Camille. B. Hurricane Andrew.
C. Hurricane Katrina. D. Labor Day Hurricane.
3. Why has Hurricane Galveston become the deadliest weather disaster in the US？ ______
A. It has caught the people by surprise.
B. It has caused the biggest waves.
C. It has had the highest wind speed.
D. It has brought in the heaviest rainfall.
B
What is the hottest topic at your school recently？In Taiyuan No.55 Middle School，it's money.
The school held an activity called "making money" last weekend.About 200 Junior 1 and Junior 2 students were divided into 30 teams.They went out to make money by selling things.
What did they choose to sell？Some sold newspapers；some chose bottled water；some sold environmentally friendly shopping bags and bamboo baskets.
Hu Qing's team decided to sell some useful books in front of the Children Activity Center.They thought parents would like to buy the books for their children.But unfortunately，they met urban management officers（城管）.The officers asked them to leave. "We played hide-and-seek（捉迷藏）with the officers for the whole morning，" said Hu. "Finally we had to give up."
Wang Bing and her team sold ice cream in a square.They didn't meet any officers.But few people were interested in what they were selling.The team then put up a board saying "For Country Kids".It worked.More people came to their stall （小摊）.A foreigner even gave them 100 yuan. "He didn't want any change.He said he wanted to help the children，" said Wang. "We were touched." Later that day they gave the 100 yuan and more to the "Project Hope" office.
MengZhaoxiang and his team were luckier.They sold all their cakes in four hours，spending 39.5 yuan and getting back 80 yuan.They made 40.5 yuan. "It was not easy to make the money，" said Meng. "Some people just looked.Others just tasted but didn't buy.Now I know how hard it is for our parents to make the money we need to lead happy lives."

（1） ______ took part in the activity.
A.Some teachers
B.About 200 of Junior 1 and Junior 2 students
C.About 200 students of the three grades
D.About200 Junior 1 students
4. Hu Qing's team finally gave up because ______ .
A. the parents didn't like to buy the books
B. the Children Activity Center was too crowded
C. the officers didn't allow them to sell anything there
D. the team played the game of the hide-and-seek the whole morning
5. Why did more people come to Wang Bing's stall at last？ ______
A. The people were willing to help country kids.
B. A foreigner came up and helped them.
C. The team put up a magic board.
D. The people were interested in their ice cream.
6. According to the passage the students learn ______ .
A. it's impossible for them to make money
B. it's very important for them to make a living
C. it's not easy for their parents to make money
D. it's difficult for them to make money
C
Already admired for its beautiful landscapes and night sky，New Zealand is working to make the county recognized as a dark sky nation.If successful，it would make the country the second dark sky nation in the world and by far the largest to receive the designation （指定） from the International Dark-Sky Association （IDA）.Since 1988，the IDA has designated 195 dark sky places around the world，which include places ranging from communities to parks and reserves.Each of these places is recognized for successfully taking measures to reduce light pollution.
According to a 2016 study，nearly 80% of the planet lives under the glow of artificial （人造的） lights，with one-third of the human population unable to see the Milky Way."But it's not just the beauty of what's above us that's being influenced.Light pollution has affected the natural balance of plants，animals，and even human sleep patterns.There is no question that we are changing our body functions，and too much electric lighting is bad for our well-being，" said Richard Stevens，a professor at the University of Connecticut.
Despite relatively low levels of light pollution，with 74% of the North Island and 93% of the South Island enjoying the limited night sky that was near the horizon（地平线），New Zealand will still need at least a three-year effort to apply for dark nation status.The present plan for achieving that goal includes raising awareness，changing local light rules，and enlarging protected areas.Presently about 56% of New Zealand's population cannot view the Milky Way.
Whether New Zealand will make it by 2025 is anyone's guess.It's inspiring to see the nation taking real steps to protect a natural wonder.Its success，and that of others it encourages to take similar steps，ensure that future generations have access to the same beauty of the universe in all of its original wonder.
7. What are people in New Zealand trying to do？ ______
A. Protect their natural night sky.
B. Develop the country' s tourism.
C. Improve their working conditions.
D. Create a better environment for foreign trade.
8. What does Richard Stevens mainly want to express in Paragraph 2？ ______
A. People pay little attention to light pollution.
B. Light pollution is closely related to climate change.
C. People have misunderstandings about artificial lights.
D. Light pollution damages the health of most living beings.
9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3？ ______
A. The present plan is troubled by population growth.
B. The present plan fails to satisfy the public's desire.
C. New Zealand needs to speed up energy production.
D. New Zealand faces great challenges of achieving its goal.
10. What is the author's attitude towards New Zealand's new steps？ ______
A. Doubtful. B. Confused. C. Positive. D. Unclear.
D
The African elephant holds the record for sleeping the least among mammals—about two hours a day—but now，the elephant seal is giving its namesake a run for its money.Recent experiments on elephant seals showed the animals averaged only two hours of sleep per day during the seven months out of the year they spent at sea.
Jessie Kendall-Bar，a Ph.D.at the University of California，discovered elephant seals' special ability.She found in the open ocean，elephant seals sleep less than two hours per day.While on land，they sleep more than 10 hours a day. "That's really special，" she says.Previous observations had shown that elephant seals in the open ocean surface for a couple of minutes at a time.So scientists knew that they must be sleeping underwater.But they knew very little about it.
To find out more，Kendall-Bar developed a headcap to gather data about the animals' brain waves，heart rates，dive （潜水） depths，and movements to determine when they were sleeping.She discovered that seals do not sleep in two-hour bursts.Instead，they take some catnaps （小睡） lasting less than 20 minutes each.Starting at the surface，adult seals take 10-minute dives at great depths，usually from 300 to 1，000 feet.
At this point，the animals enter the first stage of sleep，or slow-wave sleep.Then，they fall into REM sleep，when their bodies turn upside down.It seems REM sleep at great depths is risky because of the inability to escape at that moment. "It is just chilling to imagine an animal doing this underwater in that state." says study co-author Terrie Williams.
But what's likely happening is that the seals are sleeping at great depths where their primary hunters - sharks and killer whales - hardly appear. "The elephant seal is basically using its ability to dive really deep as a protective mechanism （机制）"，says Kendall-Bar. "It doesn't have to keep one eye open or stay awake.It's sleeping with its entire brain."
11. What has Kendall-Bar found about elephant seals？ ______
A. Their sleep habits vary by the places where they are.
B. They spend a long time playing in the sea.
C. They can enter a stage of deep sleep quickly.
D. Their brain waves are slower than other large animals'.
12. What is mentioned about elephant seals' sleep in the sea？ ______
A. It's a common group activity.
B. It can increase their heart rates.
C. It's made up of a series of short sleep.
D. It helps them develop their swimming ability.
13. What does the underlined word "chilling" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ ______
A. Scary. B. Relaxing. C. Familiar. D. Helpful.
14. Why do elephant seals choose REM sleep deep into the sea？ ______
A. To get sufficient food easily.
B. To escape from loud noises.
C. To maintain their body temperature.
D. To avoid attack from natural enemies.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
One good part about school is field trips.Students can get out of the classroom and into the real world，even if just for a few hours. （1） ______ Whether it's learning how to feed chickens on the farm or understanding how gravity works at the science museum，these hands-on learning experiences bring children benefits.
Students do better in school.Students who go on field trips generally have better grades. （2） ______ In fact，in a study conducted by some researchers，89%of adults said educational trips had a positive researchers，89% of adults said educational trips had a positive，lasting impact on their education and career.It's because the trips made them more curious and interested in and out of school.
（ 3） ______ When exploring a new place，students have the opportunity to listen and talk to new people.They can learn how to effectively communicate with strangers，get along with them and work with them.For example，they may acquire the skill of using body language to interact（互动） with strangers.
Students learn to be more independent.A field trip includes many things.Although adults are in charge，it's also up to students to figure out what exhibits they want to learn about，how they can finish certain task，etc.During field trips，students can have many such situations to learn to be independent.During the process，they sometimes may feel unpleasant and stressed. （4） ______
Students develop a stronger connection to the neighborhood.By getting out of the classroom and into the streets，students can become more familiar with their neighborhood. （5） ______ Moreover，they have the chance to communicate with local people，which also improves their connection to the neighborhood.

A.Students master more social skills.
B.Students can develop lifelong friendships.
C.And they have higher graduation rates from school.
D.These trips，wherever they are，can influence children.
E.But they'll see their ability to deal with problems alone improve.
F.They will learn more about its culture，environment，population，etc.
G.Teachers' detailed guidance will help students behave well in public.
15.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
It's hard being an astronaut's son，I（1） ______ ，everybody expects you to be special or（2） ______ ，but I'm just an average student.
I often wonder（3） ______ my father ever had a son like me.I mean he's so（4） ______ and so good at everything.So I used to dream about doing something spectacular（令人印象深刻的） to（5） ______ my father.
In one class，my teacher（6） ______ a Father's Day essay contest for us and the winners' essays would be read in front of all the parents and students.After school I walked home，（7） ______ about my father，who I would write about in my essay.
He sat with me in the（8） ______ when I was a little kid and had a nightmare.He（9） ______ me with a new puppy at my eighth birthday party.To me，he wasn't a world-famous astronaut，but just my dad.
I wrote about all these（10） ______ in my essay.One of our neighbours said，"I（11） ______ you'll win the contest，David.You're the only one in town whose father is an astronaut."I didn't want to win（12） ______ because my father was an astronaut.
I won the second prize.When I finished reading my essay，the（13） ______ applauded.I saw my father blowing his nose.
Dad nodded to me，（14） ______ his throat，and put his hand on my shoulder."Son，this is the （15） ______ moment of my life，" he said.
It was the proudest moment of my life，too.Maybe I'll never be a great hero or win a Nobel Prize，but just then，it was enough just to be my father's son.
20.  A. doubt B. say C. know D. believe
21.  A. strange B. honest C. perfect D. formal
22.  A. why B. where C. whether D. when
23.  A. normal B. funny C. special D. unique
24.  A. shock B. influence C. attract D. impress
25.  A. reported B. announced C. claimed D. warned
26.  A. caring B. worrying C. thinking D. complaining
27.  A. silence B. threat C. horror D. dark
28.  A. pleased B. astonished C. supported D. encouraged
29.  A. experiments B. incidents C. dreams D. memories
30.  A. wish B. guess C. bet D. promise
31.  A. merely B. never C. hardly D. nearly
32.  A. parents B. audience C. students D. teachers
33.  A. cleaned B. blew C. cleared D. opened
34.  A. most B. proudest C. smallest D. longest
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
35. People of the Dai ethnic group in southwest China's Yunnan province annually celebrate their Water.Splashing（泼洒） Festival.It lasts for three days and marks the official New Year celebration for over one million people（1） ______ （live） in China，mainly in Xishuangbanna and Dehong.The festival（2） ______ （include） in China's National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2006.
Originating in Persia in the 5th century，the water splashing ceremony spread to China around 1200 AD，and gradually became （3） ______ folk custom among Dai people.On the first two days，people clean their houses，have their hair cut，and take showers.Various （4） ______ （performance） can also be seen.Some people send Kongming lanterns into the sky，dance and sing freely on the streets，and watch（5） ______ （color） dragon boat races on the Lancang River.On the third day of the festival，（ 6） ______ marks the first day of the New Year on the Dai calendar，people often get up early in the morning （7） ______ （wash） Buddha statues （佛像） in temples with clean water.After that，they （8） ______ （joyful） join in the mass water splashing.People use anything at hand to splash water over others，（ 9） ______ friends and neighbors to strangers，as an （10） ______ （express） of their wishes for good luck for whoever is on the receiving end.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
36. David 三年前定居在中国，且对中国传统文化很感兴趣。假定你是李华，本周六你们学校邀请王教授到校举行"孔子及其思想"的讲座。请给 David发一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加并向他介绍讲座的有关事宜，内容包含以下几个方面：
（1）讲座时间；
（2）讲座地点：
（3）活动安排。
注意：
（1）词数 80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
（3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
（4）参考词汇：Confucius→孔子：Confucianism→孔子思想。
37. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The spot of red was what first caught Randy Heiss's attention on December 16，2018.
He was hiking behind his ranch （牧场） in Patagonia，Arizona，a town near the US-Mexico border，when he found a balloon on the grass.Heiss walked towards it with his dog，thinking he would pick up something useless and throw it away.
That's when he noticed the balloon was connected to a piece of paper. 'Dayami'，it read on one side，in a child's writing.Turning the paper over，he saw a numbered list，all in Spanish. "My Spanish isn't very good，but I could see it was a Christmas，" he said.
Heiss was attracted.He thought that maybe a child had tried to send Santa Claus a Christmas wish list by balloon，something he used to do himself when he was a kid.Nobody had ever returned the letters Heiss had sent，but he wondered whether he could find the kid who had sent this one.
It would be difficult，but he believed he could work it out.About 32 kilometers to the southwest，just across the border，was the city of Nogales，Mexico. "Based on the prevailing wind （盛行风），I was pretty sure that's where it came from，" he said.
Heiss brought the note home to his wife，who is good at Spanish and helped him translate the list.The elderly couple figured out that Dayami，probably a girl，had asked for a doll，a dollhouse，clothes and some art supplies.
Heiss then posted on social media along with some photos，hoping some of his friends in Nogales might know the girl's family.A few days passed with no useful information provided；Heiss worried that time was running out before Christmas.On December 19，2018，he decided to send a message to Radio XENY，a radio station based in Nogales.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

To his surprise，someone from the station called him back right away.
Arriving at the Radio XENY offices with presents，the elderly couple finally met the excited little girl.      
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、C、A
【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据Most powerful hurricanes部分Camille is one of the four category （级别） -5 hurricanes ever to make a landing in the US，the others being the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane，Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and Hurricane Michael in 2018.卡米尔飓风是登陆美国的4个5级飓风之一，其他3个分别是1935年劳动节飓风、1992年安德鲁飓风和2018年迈克尔飓风。可知，自1900年以来，已有4次5级风暴袭击美国。故选D。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据Costliest hurricanes部分Hurricane Katrina is not only the costliest-ever US hurricane but also the most expensive natural disaster in the country's history.卡特里娜飓风不仅是美国有史以来最昂贵的飓风，也是美国历史上最昂贵的自然灾害。可知，给美国造成损失最大的飓风是卡特里娜飓风。故选C。
（3）A.细节理解题。根据Deadliest hurricanes部分The category-4 Hurricane Galveston made a surprising landing along the Texas coast on September 8.1900.1900年9月8日，4级飓风加尔维斯顿在德克萨斯州海岸意外登陆；第二段It remains the deadliest weather disaster in the US history as it gave the people no time to move out. 它仍然是美国历史上最致命的天气灾难，因为它让人们没有时间撤出去。可知，因为它让人们措手不及，所以加尔维斯顿飓风成为美国最致命的天气灾害。故选A。
本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了自1900以来，过去1 20年来美国最强大、最具破坏性的飓风。
阅读题型，要注重句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间逻辑关系以及对篇章的整体理解，根据所给问题选择正确选项完成试题。

4~6.【答案】B、C、A
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据文中第二段"About 200 Junior 1 and Junior 2 students were divided into 30 teams."200名初一和初二学生被分成30个小组。可知，200名初一和初二学生参加此活动，故选B。
 （2）C.细节理解题。根据文中第四段"The officers asked them to leave"城管们要求他们离开。可知，城管不让他们在这里卖东西，故选C。
 （3）A.推理判断题。根据文中第五段"He didn't want any change.He said he wanted to help the children"他不想要零钱，他说他想帮助孩子们。可知，他们想要帮助来自农村的孩子，故选A。
 （4）C.推理判断题。根据文中最后一段"Now I know how hard it is for our parents to make the money we need to lead happy lives"现在我知道我们的父母要挣钱过幸福生活有多难了。可知，学生们学会了父母赚钱是多么得不容易，故选C。
本文主要介绍了太原的一所学校举办的一次"赚钱"活动，同学们积极参与其中，并且感悟到父母赚钱得不容易的事情。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。

7~10.【答案】A、D、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段Already admired for its beautiful landscapes and night sky，New Zealand is working to make the county recognized as a dark sky nation（新西兰已经因其美丽的风景和夜空而受到赞赏，它正在努力使这个国家成为公认的黑暗天空国家）可知新西兰的人们正在努力保护他们的自然夜空。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第二段But it's not just the beauty of what's above us that's being influenced.Light pollution has affected the natural balance of plants，animals，and even human sleep patterns.There is no question that we are changing our body functions，and too much electric lighting is bad for our well-being，" said Richard Stevens，a professor at the University of Connecticut.（"但不仅仅是我们头顶上的美景受到了影响。光污染已经影响了植物、动物甚至人类睡眠模式的自然平衡。毫无疑问，我们正在改变我们的身体功能，过多的电灯照明对我们的健康有害，"康涅狄格大学教授理查德•史蒂文斯说。）可知理查德•史蒂文斯在第二段中主要想表达光污染损害了大多数生物的健康。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第三段Despite relatively low levels of light pollution，with 74% of the North Island and 93% of the South Island enjoying the limited night sky that was near the horizon（地平线），New Zealand will still need at least a three-year effort to apply for dark nation status.（尽管光污染水平相对较低，北岛74%的地区和南岛93%的地区享受着接近地平线的有限夜空，但新西兰仍需要至少三年的努力才能申请黑暗国家的地位。）和Presently about 56% of New Zealand's population cannot view the Milky Way.（目前，大约56%的新西兰人看不到银河系。）可知新西兰在实现其目标方面面临巨大挑战。故选D。
（4）观点态度题。根据文章最后一段It's inspiring to see the nation taking real steps to protect a natural wonder.Its success，and that of others it encourages to take similar steps，ensure that future generations have access to the same beauty of the universe in all of its original wonder.（看到这个国家采取切实措施来保护自然奇观，令人振奋。它的成功，以及它鼓励采取类似措施的其他人的成功，确保了后代能够在宇宙最初的奇迹中获得同样的宇宙之美。）可知作者对新西兰的新举措持积极态度。A.Doubtful.怀疑的；B.Confused.困惑的；C.Positive.积极的；D.Unclear.不清楚的。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。主要写了新西兰正在努力成为一个被国际黑暗天空协会（IDA）认可的黑暗天空国家。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

11~14.【答案】A、C、A、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段She found in the open ocean，elephant seals sleep less than two hours per day.While on land，they sleep more than 10 hours a day.（她发现，在开阔的海洋中，海象每天的睡眠时间不到两个小时。在陆地上，它们每天睡10个小时以上。）可知，在海洋和陆地上海象的睡眠时长是不同的，由此可以推断海象的睡眠习惯因地点的变化而发生变化。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段She discovered that seals do not sleep in two-hour bursts.Instead，they take some catnaps（小睡） lasting less than 20 minutes each.（她发现海豹不会在两小时内突然入睡。相反，他们会小睡一会儿，每次持续时间不超过20分钟。）可知，海象在两小时的睡眠时长中，由一系列的短睡眠组成，每次持续时间非常短暂。故选C。
（3）词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子It seems REM sleep at great depths is risky because of the inability to escape at that moment. "It is just  chilling to imagine an animal doing this underwater in that state." says study co-author Terrie Williams.（似乎深度快速眼动睡眠是有风险的，因为在那一刻无法逃离。研究合著者Terrie Williams说："想象一只动物在那种状态下在水下做这件事，真是令人不寒而栗。"。）可知划线词是指想象一只动物在水下以这种状态这样做肯定是令人害怕的。故划线词的意思是"吓人的"。A．Scary.吓人的；B．Relaxing.放松的；C．Familiar.熟悉的；D．Helpful.有帮助的。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段But what's likely happening is that the seals are sleeping at great depths where their primary hunters - sharks and killer whales - hardly appear."（但可能发生的情况是，海豹睡在它们的主要捕食者——鲨鱼和虎鲸——几乎不会出现的深处。）及Kendall-Bar（肯德尔-纳尔）所说的话The elephant seal is basically using its ability to dive really deep as a protective mechanism（机制）（海象基本上是利用它深潜的能力作为一种保护机制。）可知，海象在深海中选择快速眼动睡眠是为了保护自己免受捕食他们的动物的攻击。故选D。
这篇短文主要讲述了关于象海豹的睡眠习惯的研究。研究发现，象海豹在海洋中每天只睡眠约两个小时，而在陆地上每天睡眠超过10个小时。研究人员使用头盔收集了象海豹的脑电波、心率、潜水深度和运动数据，发现它们的睡眠是由多个不到20分钟的小睡眠组成的。象海豹在潜水时会进入慢波睡眠阶段，然后进入快速眼动睡眠阶段。研究人员认为，象海豹在深海睡眠可以避免被鲨鱼和虎鲸等捕食者发现，这种睡眠方式成为了它们的保护机制。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

15~19.【答案】D、C、A、E、F
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上文One good part about school is field trips.Students can get out of the classroom and into the real world，even if just for a few hours.（学校的一个好处就是实地考察。学生可以走出教室，进入现实世界，即使只有几个小时）"以及后文"Whether it's learning how to feed chickens on the farm or understanding how gravity works at the science museum，these hands-on learning experiences bring children benefits. （无论是学习如何在农场喂鸡，还是在科学博物馆了解重力是如何工作的，这些实践学习的经历给孩子们带来了好处）可知，后文提到了不同的实地考察场地，故D选项"这些旅行，无论在哪里，都会影响孩子"符合语境，故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据上文Students do better in school.Students who go on field trips generally have better grades. （学生在学校表现更好。参加实地考察的学生通常成绩较好）以及后文In fact，in a study conducted by some researchers，89% of adults said educational trips had a positive，lasting impact on their education and career.It's because the trips made them more curious and interested in and out of school.（事实上，在一些研究人员进行的一项研究中，89%的成年人说教育实践对他们的教育和职业有积极的、持久的影响。这是因为这些实践让他们对学校内外都更加好奇和感兴趣）可知，上文提到了参加实地考察的学生通常成绩较好，故本句继续说明参加实地考察的影响：他们有更高的毕业率。故C选项"他们有更高的毕业率"符合语境，故选C。
（3）标题归纳题。根据后文When exploring a new place，students have the opportunity to listen and talk to new people.They can learn how to effectively communicate with strangers，get along with them and work with them.For example，they may acquire the skill of using body language to interact （互动） with strangers.（当探索一个新的地方时，学生们有机会倾听和与陌生人交谈。他们可以学习如何有效地与陌生人沟通，与他们相处，与他们一起工作。例如，他们可以学会使用肢体语言与陌生人交流的技巧）可知，本段的主旨是学生学会了与陌生人沟通和相处，即掌握了社交技能。故A选项"学生掌握了更多的社交技能"符合语境，故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据上文Students learn to be more independent.A field trip includes many things.Although adults are in charge，it's also up to students to figure out what exhibits they want to learn about，how they can finish certain task，etc.During field trips，students can have many such situations to learn to be independent.During the process，they sometimes may feel unpleasant and stressed.（学生学会更加独立。实地考察包括很多东西。虽然是由成年人负责，但学生们也可以自己决定想要了解哪些展品，如何完成某些任务等。在实地考察中，学生可以有很多这样的情况来学习独立。在这个过程中，他们有时会感到不愉快和压力）可知，本段讲述学生学会了更加独立，但是有时会感到不愉快和压力，E选项"但是他们会发现自己单独处理问题的能力提高了"符合本段主题，学会了独立，且与上文构成转折，指出尽管有压力，单数学生能力提高的表现，故选E。
（5）推理判断题。根据上文Students develop a stronger connection to the neighborhood.By getting out of the classroom and into the streets，students can become more familiar with their neighborhood.（学生与社区建立了更强的联系。走出教室，走上街头，学生们可以更加熟悉他们的社区）以及后文Moreover，they have the chance to communicate with local people，which also improves their connection to the neighborhood.（此外，他们有机会与当地人交流，这也提高了他们与社区的联系）可知，上文提到了学生可以熟悉社区，故本句具体说明了解社区的哪些方面。F选项中its与上下文的neighborhood相对应。故F选项"他们将更多地了解它的文化、环境、人口等"符合语境，故选F。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了实地考察学习对学生的好处和影响。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

20~34.【答案】C、C、A、C、D、B、C、D、A、D、C、A、B、C、B
【解析】（1）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.doubt怀疑；B.say说；C.know知道；D.believe相信。根据前一句It's hard being an astronaut's son．（做一个宇航员的儿子真难）可知，此处指的是"我知道，每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美"。故答案为C。
（2）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.strange奇怪的；B.honest诚实的；C.perfect完美的；D.formal正式的。第一句It's hard being an astronaut's son说做宇航员的儿子难，此处解释难的原因：每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美。根据or前的special可知选C项。perfect意为"完美的"，符合语境。故答案为C。
（3）A.考查连词及语境理解。A.why为什么；B.where哪里；C.whether是否；D.when何时。根据后一句I mean he's so （4）and so good at everything．可知，作者总是想知道父亲为什么会有像他这样的儿子。故答案为A。
（4）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.normal正常的；B.funny有趣的；C.special特殊的；D.unique独特的。根据第一段第二句中的everybody expects you to be special or和该空后的so good al everything可知，作者认为父亲很特别，special意为"特别的"。故答案为C。
（5）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.shock震惊；B.influence影响；C.attract吸引；D.impress留下印象。根据该空前的doing something spectacular可知此处指的是作者想做一些惊人的举动来给父亲留下深刻的印象。impress sb意为"给某人留下深刻的印象"。故答案为D。
（6）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.reported报道；B.announced宣告；C.claimed声称；D.warned警告。根据空后的a Father's Day essay contest可知，作者的老师宣布了一个有关父亲节的写作比赛。announce意为"宣布"。故答案为B。
（7）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.caring在乎；B.worrying担心；C.thinking认为；D.complaining抱怨。结合语境可知此处指的是，作者在回家的路上，一边走一边想自己的父亲。think about意为"考虑；思考"。故答案为C。
（8）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.silence安静；B.threat威胁；C.horror恐惧；D.dark黑暗。根据空后的had a nightmare可知此处指的是，当作者是个小孩子，做噩梦的时候，父亲会陪作者一起坐在黑暗当中。故答案为D。
（9）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.pleased使满足；B.astonished惊讶；C.supported支持；D.encouraged鼓励。此处指的是，他用一条新的小狗来逗作者开心。please意为"使高兴"。故答案为A。
（10）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.experiments实验；B.incidents事件；C.dreams梦；D.memories记忆。根据上一段After school I walked home，（7）about my father，who I would write about in my essay.描述可知，作者把所有这些记忆都写在了文章当中。memory意为"记忆"。故答案为D。
（11）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.wish希望；B.guess猜测；C.bet打赌；D.promise许诺。根据后一句You're the only one in town whose father is an astronaut．可知，邻居确信作者会在比赛中获胜。bet意为"打赌；确信"。故答案为C。
（12）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.merely仅仅；B.never绝不；C.hardly几乎不；D.nearly几乎。句意为：我不想只是因为我爸爸是宇航员而获胜。根据上下文语境可知选A项。merely意为"仅仅；只不过"。故答案为A。
（13）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.parents父母；B.audience观众；C.students学生；D.teachers老师。根据第三段In one class，my teacher（6）a Father's Day essay contest for us and the winners' essays would be read in front of all the parents and students.可知，台下除了学生以外，还有老师和家长。故此处指的是观众鼓起掌来。audience意为"观众"。故答案为B。
（14）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.cleaned打扫；B.blew吹；C.cleared清除；D.opened打开。根据前文中的I saw my father blowing his nose．可知，父亲擤了擤鼻子，此处则应指他清了清嗓子，把手放在作者的肩膀上对作者说。clear one's throat意为"清嗓子"。故答案为C。
（15）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.most最多的；B.proudest最自豪的；C.smallest最小的；D.longest最长的。根据下文中的It was the proudest moment of my life，too．可知，此处指的是这是父亲最骄傲的时刻。故答案为B。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者是宇航员的儿子，被很多人羡慕着并且被期望与众不同，作者过去也总想着做些引人注意的事情让父亲印象深刻。但是通过一次作文比赛作者认识到，只要做爸爸的儿子就足够了。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。

35.【答案】【小题1】living
【小题2】was included
【小题3】a
【小题4】performances
【小题5】colorful/colourful
【小题6】which
【小题7】to wash
【小题8】joyfully
【小题9】from
【小题10】expression
【解析】（1）考查现在分词。句意：它持续三天，标志着中国100多万人的官方新年庆祝活动，主要是在西双版纳和德宏。分析句子结构可知，逻辑主语people与live构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填living。
（2）考查时态语态。句意：2006年，该节日被列入中国国家非物质文化遗产名录。分析句子结构，空处在句中作谓语，主语The festival和include之间存在被动关系，应使用被动语态；根据时间状语in 2006可知谓语动词应使用一般过去时。故填was included。
（3）考查冠词。句意：泼水节起源于公元5世纪的波斯，公元1200年左右传入中国，逐渐成为傣族民间的一种习俗。此处folk custom泛指"一种习俗"，且folk是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
（4）考查名词。句意：还可以看到各种各样的表演。分析句子结构可知，此处应填名词，作主语；空前various意为"各种各样的"，因此空处应填复数形式。故填performances。
（5）考查形容词。句意：有些人把孔明灯送上天空，在街上自由地跳舞唱歌，在澜沧江上观看五颜六色的龙舟比赛。分析句子结构可知，空处应填形容词组，作定语，修饰dragon boat races。故填colorful/colourful。
（6）考查定语从句。句意：在节日的第三天，也就是傣族历新年的第一天，人们通常早起，用清水清洗寺庙里的佛像。分析句子结构可知，空处为非限制性定语从句的连接词；先行词是"the third day of the festival"，表示物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
（7）考查不定式。句意：在节日的第三天，也就是傣族历新年的第一天，人们通常早起，用清水清洗寺庙里的佛像。分析句子结构可知，句子中已有谓语动词；此处表示的是"为了用干净的水清洗寺庙里的佛像"，表示目的，因此需填动词不定式。故填to wash。
（8）考查副词。句意：之后，他们兴高采烈地加入到集体泼水中。分析句子结构可知，空处应填副词，作状语，修饰动词join。故填joyfully。
（9）考查介词。句意：人们用手边的任何东西往其他人身上泼水，从朋友、邻居到陌生人，以此来表达他们对接受泼水的人好运的祝愿。分析句子结构可知，空处应填介词；from...to...为固定搭配，意为"从……到……"。故填from。
（10）考查名词。句意：人们用手边的任何东西往其他人身上泼水，从朋友、邻居到陌生人，以此来表达他们对接受泼水的人好运的祝愿。分析句子结构可知，空处应填名词，作宾语，且前有不定冠词，应用单数形式。故填expression。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了泼水节作为傣族人民庆祝傣族历的新年的节日，以及泼水节的习俗及其意义。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

36.【答案】Dear David，
     As your friend，I know you have been showing great interest in Chinese traditional culture since you settled in China three years ago.【高分句型一】I'm writing to invite you to the lecture on"Confucius and Confucianism"，which will be made by Professor Wang from Tsinghua University.【高分句型二】It will be held in Room 102 on the first floor of No．3 building on August 27th this Saturday．As far as I know，you like the traditional culture of China，so you will enjoy it．（介绍活动时间和地点）
      The lecture will last three hours from 8 a．m．to 11 a．m．The activity mainly consists of three parts，two-hour listening to the lecture，half an hour's discussion and thirty-minute Confucius classics recitation．I will be very glad if you come．（活动安排）
      Looking forward to your early reply．
 Yours，  Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：As your friend，I know you have been showing great interest in Chinese traditional culture since you settled in China three years ago.
翻译：作为你的朋友，我知道你自三年前定居中国以来，一直对中国传统文化表现出极大的兴趣。
分析：本句使用了since引导的时间状语从句。
高分句型二：I'm writing to invite you to the lecture on"Confucius and Confucianism"，which will be made by Professor Wang from Tsinghua University.
翻译：我写信邀请您参加清华大学王教授的"孔子及其思想"讲座。
分析：本句使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。

37.【答案】To his surprise，someone from the station called him back right away.They brought good news that they had located the eight-year-old girl，Dayami，and her family.【高分句型一】He felt so happy and excited that he wanted to see the little girl at once.He went shopping with his wife.In order to buy all the presents on the list，they went to many places.With their efforts，they bought everything on Dayami's list.Thinking of the happiness of the girl，they were very tired，but very happy.（描写电台是否找到了女孩）
Arriving at the Radio XENY offices with presents，the elderly couple finally met the excited little girl.Heiss gave the presents to the girl and said， "Merry Christmas!" The little girl received the presents in surprise and hugged Heiss tightly.With a bright smile on her face，she said， "Thank you，Santa Claus." "We now have friends for life，" Heiss said.Since then，he and the girl's family have become friends.Although they don't see each other often，they send presents to each other every Christmas.【高分句型二】（描写老夫妇和女孩之间的交流）
【解析】本文讲述了住在亚利桑那州巴塔哥尼亚的兰迪•海斯偶然在他的牧场捡到一个气球，气球上系着一张纸，经过辨认，海斯发现这是一个孩子写的圣诞节愿望清单，但是用西班牙语写的。海斯把纸条带回家，让擅长西班牙语的妻子翻译了纸条，确认了自己的想法，海斯向社交媒体和无线电台XENY求助，希望能够找到这个孩子，帮她实现愿望。
高分句型一：They brought good news that they had located the eight-year-old girl，Dayami，and her family.
翻译：他们带来了好消息，他们找到了8岁的小女孩达雅米和她的家人。
分析：本句运用了that引导的同位语从句。
高分句型二：Although they don't see each other often，they send presents to each other every Christmas.
翻译：虽然他们不常见面，但每年圣诞节他们都会互送礼物。
分析：本句运用了Although引导的让步状语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
 每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
 （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
 一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
 （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
 根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
 （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
 在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。