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2022-2023学年陕西省西安市莲湖区高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年陕西省西安市莲湖区高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析），共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年陕西省西安市莲湖区高一（下）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
A 6-day Tour from Beijing to Xi'an in China
When it comes to China's Beijing and Xi'an，which tourist attractions will hit you？During this tour，you can enjoy a selection of scenic spots of Beijing and Xi'an in full 6 days with the experience of taking a train.Apart from harvesting a visual feast of great sights and historical heritages，you can taste various delicious local snacks and have a look at Chinese culture.
★Visiting the highlights of Beijing，the capital city and Xi'an，an ancient city within nearly one week
★Experiencing the super-high-speed train from Beijing to Xi'an （only about 5 hours，helping you save more time for sightseeing）
★One-stop service including tour guides，hotels，meals：transportation，attraction admissions and insurance，etc
Package Prices & Details
Your Group Size
Luxurious Class
Superior Class
Tourist Class
1 person
﹩1667/﹩1426
﹩1384 /﹩1250
﹩1232/﹩1129
2-5 persons
﹩963/﹩836
﹩822 /﹩740
﹩746/﹩687
6-9 persons
﹩810/﹩682
﹩669/﹩602
﹩593/﹩534
The higher prices are for high season（Apr 1-Nov 30），and the lower prices are for low season（Dec 1-Mar 31）.
Tour Package Includes：
★Dining：5 breakfasts，5 lunches
★Hotels：accommodation in Beijing and Xi'an
★Train tickets：Beijing-Xi'an （the super-high-speed train）
★Admissions：entrance fees to all listed scenic spots
★Vehicles：private air-conditioned cars
★Drivers：experienced licensed drivers
★Tour guides：English-speaking guides
★Luggage transfers：a hand for heavy luggage
★Insurance：Travel Agencies Liability Insurance
1. What do we know about the tour？ ______
A It lasts two weeks.
A. It starts from Xi'an.
B. It offers one-stop service.
C. It includes the normal-speed train ride.
2. How much should a couple taking Luxurious Class in August pay for the tour？ ______
A. ﹩963. B. ﹩1667. C. ﹩1672. D. ﹩1926.
3. Which does the tour package include？ ______
A. Chinese-speaking guides. B. Travel insurance.
C. Five meals free of charge. D. Cars without air-conditioning.
B
Three high school seniors from Callisburg，Texas，learned that an old gate keep er in their school didn't have enough money to retire，so they decided to help him out.
The three students，Greyson Thurman，Marti Yousko and Banner Tidwell，from Callis-burg High School created a GoFundMe page on Feb.15，which attracted many people after Thurman posted a video of the old man's cleaning a hallway on the Internet.The video was accompanied by music and text that included a link to the GoFundMe page they created.
"This is our 80-year-old gate keep er who had his rent raised and had to come back to work.Let's help Mr James out，" the post read."No one at his age should have to be cleaning our messes up to continue to live."
Through the page，they got more than 8，000 donations totaling about ﹩260，000.Most of the donations came from Callisburg's students and staff."It's amazing，"said Jason Hoop-er，Callisburg High Principal.In his opinion，the need was met because of the three kind kids.All the students who joined in the activity met that need.
The three students said they had to help the old man after he was forced out of retirement.due to the rising cost of living in the north Texas area. "It's just so sad to see an 80-year-old man having to do things that no 80-year-old person should have to do，" said Tidwell.
Mr James is hardly alone.About 1.5 million retiree s have had to rejoin the workforce due to the high inflation（通货膨胀），according to an analysis of the data by the US Department of Labor.About 1 in 6 retiree s is considering returning to work in search of greater financial security，according to a survey published this month from Paychex.
Money got from the activity was enough to send Mr James back into retirement.He could get ready to go back to retirement and would live a comfortable life.
4. What is paragraph 2 mainly about？ ______
A. How to create a page.
B. What to do for people in need.
C. A brief introduction to Callisburg High School.
D. The way the three students helped the gatekeeper.
5. Which did Jason Hooper think was surprising？ ______
A. So many people loving the video.
B. The three kids making a difference.
C. An 80-year-old gate keep er still working.
D. The total number of the money lent to the gatekeeper.
6. What does the author intend to show through paragraph 6？ ______
A. The high inflation of the US.
B. The way most retiree s are living.
C. The living situation of the retirees.
D. What 1 in 6 retiree s is considering.
7. In which section of a newspaper can we find the text？ ______
A. Society. B. Economy. C. Literature. D. Travel.
C
Just like a smartwatch can tell its wearers how many calories they need during exercise，data from dolphin wearables can now be used to estimate how much energy dolphins use when they swim.
University of Michigan engineers，together with scientists at Dolphin Quest Oahu，have led the development of wearable sensors（传感器） for marine animals to monitor movement and behavior in order to improve marine preservation efforts for these animals.
Dolphins and other sea creatures are affected by human disturbances（干扰） in their habitat，including climate change，overfishing，noise pollution from shipping，construction，oil exploration and other activities.These types of disturbances can interrupt important animal behavior like hunting for fish and socializing，but measuring the disturbance is difficult be-cause the animals live under water.
Devices very similar to fitness trackers used by humans，known as biologging tags，are used in biology research，but estimating the energetic cos t of swimming has been challenging.Now，with the biologging tags made together with an instrument company，Michigan engineers are able to measure animal movement during thousands of strokes（划） as they swim.
According to Alex Shorter，U-M assistant professor of mechanical engineering，their goal is to use tag data to estimate how many fish are eaten by dolphins during a day，and connect that to estimates of how much energy dolphins use during the movement required to catch those fish.That is important for preservation because they can then use their approach to estimate energetic costs when these animals are disturbed.
In their new work，the researchers were able to develop estimates of energetic cost from tag data by working with their human and animal collaborators at Dolphin Quest Oahu.In this.unique environment，the researchers were able to conduct repeatable swimming trials over a range of speeds from multiple animals to generate the data needed to estimate how much energy the animals were using as they swam.Marine animal specialists trained the dolphins to wear the tracker during lap trials and periods of free swimming.
8. What is the final goal of developing wearable sensors for marine animals？ ______
A. To record the number of them.
B. To promote the protection for them.
C. To keep track of the lifestyle of them.
D. To monitor their movement and behavior.
9. Why is it hard to measure the disturbance of dolphins？ ______
A. Because of their habitat.
B. Because of their strange behaviors.
C. Because of too many kinds of disturbances.
D. Because of too simple measuring equipment.
10. What is tag data used to do？ ______
A. Learn about the way dolphins hunt.
B. Know the number of species of dolphins.
C. Make sure what kind of fish dolphins eat.
D. Figure out dolphin's probable amount of energetic costs.
11. What is the best title for the text？ ______
A. A New Device Made by Alex Shorter
B. A Smartwatch Designed for Marine Scientists
C. New Activity Trackers for Dolphin Conservation
D. A University Working with an Instrument Company
D
If there was any doubt about whether the world has entered a new space race，the competition of lunar-bound launch this month could be the smoking gun.After NASA canceled two launch attempts in late August and early September—followed by delays（延期） caused by Hurricane Ian and Tropical Storm Nicole—the US space agency tried again to send up its first Artemis mission.
That period fit s in with that of another mission less-known in the United States.A Japanese commercial company focusing on building moon landers launched on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on Dec.11，2022 in the US.
"We recognize that a launch of NASA's is scheduled during the same time frame，and we believe this sends the message that a new age is opening for the cislunar economy （地月经济）with these two historic missions—one government and one commercial，" the company said in a statement.
NASA happens to be one of the company's customers，hoping to receive moon dust samples from the private lander's trip.However，the plan failed on Apr.26，2023.If the Tokyo-based company had succeeded，it would have been the first to land a Japanese space-craft on the moon.What's more，it could have been the first successful private delivery of cargo to the lunar surface ever.
Brad Jolliff，director of the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences at Washing ton University in St.Louis，believes the next five years will be full of commercial missions to perform landings，deliver more goods to the moon，and promote science experiments.In Brad's opinion，the new age of lunar exploration and travel won't be done entirely by NASA.It will be done with international partners and with commercial partners.
12. What made NASA put off its launch plan a third time？ ______
A. Natural disasters. B. A lack of preparation.
C. The high cost of technology. D. Other important experiments.
13. What do we know about the Japanese company？ ______
A. Its head office is in the US.
B. It has ever sent goods for customers in space.
C. Its launch time is roughly the same as a NASA's launch.
D. It's a company successfully delivering goods to the moon.
14. What does the underlined word"cargo" in paragraph 4 mean？ ______
A. Satellite. B. Spaceship. C. Signal. D. Goods.
15. What is Brad's attitude to private commercial missions to space？ ______
A. Hopeful. B. Opposed. C. Careless. D. Doubtful.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
As we know，forming a good personality is very useful for everyone.You can improve your personality with some suggestions given below.
●（1） ______ It has been proved that intelligence can be divided into many classes.Many times school top students also lose out in their careers because adjustment with knowledge in a career field requires the specific type of ability to make wise decisions.
●Moral principle and awareness . （2） ______ If you are aware，you will do your work with complete honesty and determination.It is clear that persons like you don't need to be watched over at work.Since you know your responsibilities，yòu will be successful in your field.
●Openness.If you have the ability to hug something with an open heart，then undoubtedly you can learn a lot.This ability makes you win popularity with your friends because you do not hesitate to learn even from your younger ones. （3） ______ Always remember if your personality is like that—having the ability to accept the right thing，you are successful.
●Communication.The role of conversation is important in developing personality.Your speaking ability not only makes you popular but also gives you success.So your pronunciation should be clear.Along with speaking，it is also important to have the art of listening.Besides，take special care of your body language too.（4） ______
●Teamwork.Effective teamwork is the key to the strength of an organization. （5） ______ Characteristics of an effective team include a high degree of interaction with people inside and outside the group and a healthy amount of disagreement and creativity.
A.Loss.
B.Wisdom.
C.You need to improve spoken language.
D.Awareness acts as a basic condition for success.
E.Everyone wants to work with such open people.F.Good team work ensures the success of the work.
G.That's because you tell a lot through your body language.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
I had the most wonderful experience with a taxi driver yesterday and it really made my day.
Last afternoon，I was going from my home to a supermarket.I wouldn't be long there because I had （1） ______ in walking.Using a walking stick，I stopped a taxi.The driver went out of his way to（2） ______ me.He told me that he wanted to（3） ______ up a few things."I am happy to turn off the meter（计程表） and then start it again when we（4） ______ back."In that case，it was （5） ______ cheaper for me to book his taxi to go home than to pay two （6） ______ booking fees.I responded， "Thanks，sir."
Then he went （7） ______ with me and meanwhile waited for me.He had just gone through the checkout as I was lining up to （8） ______ .When he saw me coming out，he helped me carry my things to the （9） ______ and supported me into it.When we got back to my place，he parked his car as （10） ______ to my door as possible to save me a bit of （11） ______ .He even carried all of those things to the front door with a smile along the way.What a（12） ______ and caring gentleman!
Today，I plan to write the （13） ______ experience on my blog where I will （14） ______ him.I truly believe he is a jewel and worthy of being thought highly of. （15） ______ it with the whole world is really worthwhile!
21. A. fun B. comfort C. difficulty D. reflection
22. A. assist B. seek C. monitor D. reject
23. A. break B. eat C. tear D. pick
24. A. head B. give C. take D. call
25. A. impossibly B. illegally C. previously D. definitely
26. A. professional B. national C. separate D. false
27. A. drinking B. shopping C. hiking D. hunting
28. A. pay B. gather C. relax D. donate
29. A. bus B. car C. supermarket D. house
30. A. high B. fast C. close D. distant
31. A. covering B. walking C. cash D. duty
32. A. humorous B. romantic C. creative D. friendly
33. A. impressive B. comic C. upsetting D. disappointing
34. A. guide B. employ C. praise D. greet
35. A. Celebrating B. Sharing C. Defending D. Judging
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Since ancient times，human beings have tried to explore space and find other life forms.They even tended （1） ______ （improve） the moon's environment to support life.It was the first time that they had grow n plants in the lunar soil.The scientists said they had no idea whether anything （2） ______ （ grow） in the moon dirt.They wanted to see if it could be used to grow food.The results surprised them.
Ferl is one of the （3） ______ （ professor） in the University of Florida's institute，and he was（4） ______ （ amaze） at the results."Plants （5） ______ （ actual） grow in the soil of the moon，" he said.Ferl and other researchers planted thale cress （拟南芥），a small flowering plant in lunar soil.The good news was that all the seeds grew.The bad news was that after （6） ______ first week，the lunar soil put too much pressure on the plants，（ 7） ______ （ cause） them to grow slowly.The majority （8） ______ the moon plants ended up stunted—meaning small or not fully developed.
The longer the soil was exposed to solar radiation and wind on the moon，the（9） ______ （bad） the plants seemed to be.The soil，（ 10） ______ was collected by the Apollo 11 mission，was the least helpful for growth because it had been exposed for a couple billion years.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，六月十八日，你校以"Father's Day"为主题举办了一场英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇报道向校英文报投稿，内容包括：
（1）比赛时间、地点和目的；
（2）比赛现场描述；
（3）你的感受。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为 80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Meaningful English Speaking Contest
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a sunny morning six months ago.Henry，a teenager boy，had been walking down the sidewalk.When he made way for an old lady，he fell to the ground.His heart suddenly stopped.
However，Henry was fortunate enough to fall in front of a faith-based shelter for homeless people in transitional housing （过渡房） based in Hyannis.Massachusetts.A 54-year-old resident David was working inside it when he heard some one outside screaming for help.He Tan to the scene as soon as possible.
David，who lad just been given CPR（心肺复苏） training with all the staff and residents of the shelter a few days previously，ran over to Henry's motionless body and started giving first aid.He had been conducting CPR for ten minutes before medical staff arrived and loaded Henry into the ambulance.
Henry was born with a kind of heart disease.The disease was deadly especially when it struck on the road.Thanks to David's immediate action.Henry was saved in time.In no time.Henry's father Sam came to the hospital and said thanks to David and the doctors over again and again.One of Henry's attending doctors said."No one could believe it.Generally speaking，if you're not in the hospital and go into shock from a heart attack.you won't survive it.Even if you're in the hospital，the result may be the same."
A resident in the shelter said， "David is a nice，lovely and reliable man.He is very organized and always arranges things perfectly.So I know he can deal with the emergency." Of course，David could made it because he had been volunteering to serve the homeless since childhood.But something unexpected caused him to be homeless and end up in the shelter.
As a means of thanking David for helping to save his son from certain death.Sam created a page to raise money for David. "David is doing everything right to escape his homelessness，but the barrier is huge.Chances of escaping homelessness are about as slim as walking away from a heart attack." he said.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为 150左右：
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Sam had since been able to raise some money for David.
David also expressed endless gratitude to Sam and whoever had helped him.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段★One-stop service including tour guides，hotels，meals：transportation，attraction admissions and insurance，etc（★一站式服务，包括导游、酒店、餐饮、交通、景点门票、保险等）可知这次旅行提供一站式服务。故选C。
（2）数字计算题。根据表格的最后一段The higher prices are for high season（Apr 1-Nov 30），and the lower prices are for low season（Dec 1-Mar 31）.（旺季（4月1日至11月30日）的价格较高，淡季（12月1日至3月31日）的价格较低。）以及表格中的价格可知8月份参加豪华班的情侣需要支付963+963=1926美元。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段★One-stop service including tour guides，hotels，meals：transportation，attraction admissions and insurance，etc（★一站式服务，包括导游、酒店、餐饮、交通、景点门票、保险等）可知这次旅行包括保险。故选B。
这篇短文主要介绍了一次从北京到西安的6天旅行。旅行中可以参观北京和西安的一些著名景点，还可以体验从北京到西安的高速列车。旅行包括导游、酒店、餐饮、交通、门票和保险等一站式服务。价格根据旅行团的规模和季节的不同而有所变化。旅行包括餐饮、酒店、火车票、景点门票、交通工具、导游、行李转运和保险等。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
4~7.【答案】D、B、C、A
【解析】（1）段落大意题。根据文章第二段The three students，Greyson Thurman，Marti Yousko and Banner Tidwell，from Callis-burg High School created a GoFundMe page on Feb.15，which attracted many people after Thurman posted a video of the old man's cleaning a hallway on the Internet.The video was accompanied by music and text that included a link to the GoFundMe page they created.（2月15日，来自卡利斯堡高中的三名学生格雷森•瑟曼、马蒂•尤斯科和班纳•蒂德维尔创建了一个GoFundMe页面，瑟曼在互联网上发布了这位老人打扫走廊的视频后，吸引了许多人。该视频配有音乐和文字，其中包括他们创建的GoFundMe页面的链接。）可知第二段主要是关于三个学生帮助门卫的方式。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第四段Through the page，they got more than 8，000 donations totaling about ﹩260，000.Most of the donations came from Callisburg's students and staff."It's amazing，"said Jason Hoop-er，Callisburg High Principal.In his opinion，the need was met because of the three kind kids.All the students who joined in the activity met that need.（通过这个页面，他们获得了超过8000笔捐款，总额约为﹩260，000.Most，这些捐款来自卡利斯堡的学生和员工。"太不可思议了，"卡利斯堡高中校长杰森•胡普-尔说。在他看来，这种需要是因为这三个善良的孩子而得到满足的。所有参加活动的学生都满足了这一需求。）可知杰森•胡珀认为令人惊讶的是三个孩子起到了巨大的作用。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第六段Mr James is hardly alone.About 1.5 million retiree s have had to rejoin the workforce due to the high inflation（通货膨胀），according to an analysis of the data by the US Department of Labor.About 1 in 6 retiree s is considering returning to work in search of greater financial security，according to a survey published this month from Paychex.（詹姆斯先生并不孤单。根据美国劳工部对数据的分析，由于高通胀，大约150万退休人员不得不重新加入劳动力大军。根据Paychex本月公布的一项调查，大约六分之一的退休人员正在考虑重返工作岗位，以寻求更大的经济保障。）可知作者打算通过第六段展示退休人员的生活状况。故选C。
（4）文章出处题。根据文章第一段Three high school seniors from Callisburg，Texas，learned that an old gate keeper in their school didn't have enough money to retire，so they decided to help him out.（来自德克萨斯州卡利斯堡的三名高中毕业生得知他们学校的一名老门卫没有足够的钱退休，所以他们决定帮助他。）可知我们可以在报纸的社会版块找到这篇文章。A.Society.社会；B.Economy.经济；C.Literature.文学；D.Travel.旅行。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了来自德克萨斯州卡利斯堡高中的三名高中毕业生得知学校的老门卫没有足够的退休金后，决定帮助他。他们创建了一个GoFundMe页面，吸引了许多人的关注。通过这个页面，他们得到了超过8，000笔捐款，总计约26万美元。大部分捐款来自卡利斯堡的学生和教职员工。这些学生说，他们必须帮助这位老人，因为他被迫重新工作，原因是北德克萨斯地区的生活成本上涨。通过这次活动筹集到的钱足够让詹姆斯先生重新退休，并过上舒适的生活。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】B、A、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二段University of Michigan engineers，together with scientists at Dolphin Quest Oahu，have led the development of wearable sensors（传感器） for marine animals to monitor movement and behavior in order to improve marine preservation efforts for these animals.（密歇根大学的工程师与Dolphin Quest Oahu的科学家一起，领导了海洋动物可穿戴传感器的开发，以监测运动和行为，从而改善这些动物的海洋保护工作。）可知为海洋动物开发可穿戴传感器的最终目的是促进对它们的保护。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段Dolphins and other sea creatures are affected by human disturbances（干扰） in their habitat，including climate change，overfishing，noise pollution from shipping，construction，oil exploration and other activities.These types of disturbances can interrupt important animal behavior like hunting for fish and socializing，but measuring the disturbance is difficult be-cause the animals live under water.（海豚和其他海洋生物在其栖息地受到人类干扰的影响，包括气候变化、过度捕捞、航运、建筑、石油勘探和其他活动产生的噪音污染。这些类型的干扰会打断重要的动物行为，如捕鱼和社交，但测量干扰是很困难的，因为动物生活在水下。）可知由于海豚的栖息地，很难测量它们的干扰程度。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段According to Alex Shorter，U-M assistant professor of mechanical engineering，their goal is to use tag data to estimate how many fish are eaten by dolphins during a day，and connect that to estimates of how much energy dolphins use during the movement required to catch those fish（据U-M大学机械工程助理教授Alex Shorter说，他们的目标是使用标签数据来估计海豚一天吃了多少鱼，并将其与海豚在捕捉这些鱼的运动中消耗的能量联系起来）可知标签数据被用来计算海豚可能的能量消耗。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章第二段University of Michigan engineers，together with scientists at Dolphin Quest Oahu，have led the development of wearable sensors（传感器） for marine animals to monitor movement and behavior in order to improve marine preservation efforts for these animals.（密歇根大学的工程师与Dolphin Quest Oahu的科学家一起，领导了海洋动物可穿戴传感器的开发，以监测运动和行为，从而改善这些动物的海洋保护工作。）可知本文主要介绍了密歇根大学工程师与Dolphin Quest Oahu科学家合作开发了海洋动物可穿戴传感器，用于监测它们的运动和行为，以改善对这些动物的保护工作。因此本文的最佳标题是C.New Activity Trackers for Dolphin Conservation（用于海豚保护的新型活动跟踪器）。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了密歇根大学工程师与Dolphin Quest Oahu科学家合作开发了海洋动物可穿戴传感器，用于监测它们的运动和行为，以改善对这些动物的保护工作。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】A、C、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段After NASA canceled two launch attempts in late August and early September—followed by delays（延期） caused by Hurricane Ian and Tropical Storm Nicole—the US space agency tried again to send up its first Artemis mission.（在美国宇航局取消了8月底和9月初的两次发射尝试后---随后是飓风伊恩和热带风暴妮可造成的延迟---美国航天局再次尝试发射其首次阿尔特弥斯任务。）可知自然灾害使得美国宇航局第三次推迟了发射计划。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段 "We recognize that a launch of NASA's is scheduled during the same time frame，and we believe this sends the message that a new age is opening for the cislunar economy （地月经济）with these two historic missions—one government and one commercial，" the company said in a statement.（该公司在一份声明中说："我们认识到，美国宇航局的发射计划在同一时间框架内进行，我们相信这发出了一个信息，即这两项历史性任务---一项政府任务和一项商业任务---将开启月球经济的新时代。"）可知日本公司的发射时间与美国宇航局的发射时间大致相同。故选C。
（3）猜测词义题。根据文章第四段If the Tokyo-based company had succeeded，it would have been the first to land a Japanese space-craft on the moon.What's more，it could have been the first successful private delivery of cargo to the lunar surface ever.（如果这家总部设在东京的公司成功了，它将成为第一个将日本宇宙飞船送上月球的公司。更重要的是，这可能是有史以来第一次成功的私人向月球表面运送货物。）和最后一段Brad Jolliff，director of the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences at Washing ton University in St.Louis，believes the next five years will be full of commercial missions to perform landings，deliver more goods to the moon，and promote science experiments（圣路易斯华盛顿大学麦克唐纳太空科学中心主任布拉德•乔利夫认为，未来五年将充满商业任务，包括着陆、向月球运送更多货物以及促进科学实验）可知cargo的意思是"货物"。A.Satellite.卫星；B.Spaceship.宇宙飞船；C.Signal.信号；D.Goods.货物。故选D。
（4）观点态度题。根据文章最后一段In Brad's opinion，the new age of lunar exploration and travel won't be done entirely by NASA.It will be done with international partners and with commercial partners.（在布拉德看来，月球探索和旅行的新时代不会完全由美国宇航局来完成。这项工作将与国际伙伴和商业伙伴一起进行。）可知布拉德对私人商业太空任务的态度是乐观的。A.Hopeful.有希望的，乐观的；B.Opposed.相反的；C.Careless.粗心的；D.Doubtful.怀疑的。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了世界是否进入了新的太空竞赛，以及本月进行的登月任务竞争。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】B、D、E、G、F
【解析】 （1）主题判断题。根据后文It has been proved that intelligence can be divided into many classes.Many times school top students also lose out in their careers because adjustment with knowledge in a career field requires the specific type of ability to make wise decisions（事实证明，智力可以分为很多类。很多时候，学校的优等生也会在职业生涯中失利，因为适应职业领域的知识需要特定类型的能力来做出明智的决定），可知表示"智慧"的选项B可以作为本段的主题，介绍做出明智决定的重要性，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据主题句Moral principle and awareness（道德原则和意识）；以及后文If you are aware，you will do your work with complete honesty and determination.It is clear that persons like you don't need to be watched over at work（如果你意识到了这一点，你将以完全诚实和坚定的态度完成你的工作。很明显，像你这样的人在工作中不需要被监视。既然你知道自己的责任，你就会在你的领域取得成功），可知表示"意识是成功的基本条件"的选项D可以承接主题，引出后文关于道德意识的介绍，故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据前文Openness.If you have the ability to hug something with an open heart，then undoubtedly you can learn a lot.This ability makes you win popularity with your friends because you do not hesitate to learn even from your younger ones（开放。如果你有能力用开放的心拥抱某件事，那么毫无疑问，你可以学到很多。这种能力会让你赢得朋友的欢迎，因为你会毫不犹豫地向年轻人学习），可知表示"每个人都想和这样开放的人一起工作"的选项E可以承接前文关于开放的话题，介绍每个人都想和这样开放的人一起工作，故选E。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文Besides，take special care of your body language too（此外，也要特别注意你的肢体语言），可知表示"那是因为你通过肢体语言说了很多"的选项G可以承接前文肢体语言的话题，介绍注意肢体语言的原因，故选G。
（5）推理判断题。根据前文Teamwork.Effective teamwork is the key to the strength of an organization（团队合作。有效的团队合作是一个组织力量的关键），可知表示"良好的团队合作确保工作的成功"的选项可F以承接前文有效的团队合作的话题，介绍有效的团队合作的作用，故选F。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了几个有助于改善个性的建议。
做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】C、A、D、A、D、C、B、A、B、C、B、D、A、C、B
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.fun乐趣；B.comfort舒适；C.difficulty困难；D.reflection反射。我不会在那里呆太久，因为我走路有困难。根据下文Using a walking stick可知是走路有困难。故选C。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.assist协助；B.seek寻找；C.monitor监控；D.reject拒绝。司机特意帮我。故选A。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.break中断；B.eat吃；C.tear撕裂；D.pick挑选。他告诉我他想买一些东西。pick up：捡起，拿。根据下文He had just gone through the checkout 可知是去超市买点东西。故选D。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.head朝……前进；B.give给予；C.take拍；D.call呼叫。"我很高兴关掉计价器，然后在我们返回时重新启动。"故选A。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.impossibly不可能地；B.illegally非法地；C.previously以前地；D.definitely肯定地。在这种情况下，我预订他的出租车回家肯定比单独支付两次预订费便宜。我回答说："谢谢，先生。"根据上文I am happy to turn off the meter可知是当然会便宜。故选D。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.professional专业的；B.national国家的；C.separate分开的；D.false错误的。在这种情况下，我预订他的出租车回家肯定比单独支付两次预订费便宜。我回答说："谢谢，先生。"故选C。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.drinking喝；B.shopping购物；C.hiking徒步旅行；D.hunting狩猎。然后他和我一起去买东西，同时在等我。故选B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.pay支付；B.gather收集；C.relax放松；D.donate捐赠。当我排队付款时，他刚刚结账。根据上文He had just gone through the checkout 可知是等着付款。故选A。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.bus公交车；B.car汽车；C.supermarket超级市场；D.house房屋。当他看到我出来时，他帮我把东西拿到车上，并把我扶上车。根据下文 supported me into it可知是汽车。故选B。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.high高的；B.fast快速的；C.close近的；D.distant远处的。当我们回到我家时，他把车停在离我家门尽可能近的地方，以节省我的步行时间。根据下文to my door as possible to save me a bit of 可知是离家门很近。故选C。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.covering覆盖；B.walking步行；C.cash现金；D.duty职责。当我们回到我家时，他把车停在离我家门尽可能近的地方，以节省我的步行时间。故选B。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.humorous幽默的；B.romantic浪漫的；C.creative创造性的；D.friendly友好的。多么友好体贴的绅士啊！根据下文 caring gentleman可知是友好的。故选D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.impressive令人印象深刻的；B.comic喜剧的；C.upsetting令人沮丧的；D.disappointing令人失望的。今天，我计划把这段令人印象深刻的经历写在我的博客上，在那里我会赞扬他。故选A。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.guide指南；B.employ雇用；C.praise表扬；D.greet问候。今天，我计划把这段令人印象深刻的经历写在我的博客上，在那里我会赞扬他。根据下文I truly believe he is a jewel and worthy of being thought highly of可知是赞美他。故选C。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.Celebrating庆祝；B.Sharing分享；C.Defending辩护；D.Judging判断。与全世界分享真的很值得！故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要写了作者与一位出租车司机的美好经历。作者需要去超市购物，拿着拐杖拦了一辆出租车，司机主动帮助作者，还愿意关掉计价器，让作者回家时更便宜。在超市结账时，司机帮助作者拿东西并扶着作者上车。回到家后，司机尽量靠近门口停车，还帮作者搬运东西。作者打算在博客上写下这段经历，并赞扬这位司机的善良和关心。将这个故事与全世界分享是非常值得的。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】to improve
【小题2】would grow
【小题3】professors
【小题4】amazed
【小题5】actually
【小题6】the
【小题7】causing
【小题8】of
【小题9】worse
【小题10】which
【小题11】略
【解析】 （1）考查不定式。句意：自古以来，人类就试图探索太空，寻找其他生命形式。他们甚至试图改善月球的环境以支持生命。根据空前tended这个动词的用法，tend to do sth倾向于做某事。故填to improve。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：科学家们说，他们不知道月球的泥土中是否会生长任何东西。根据本句said是过去时，根据句意应该用过去将来时。故填would grow。
（3）考查名词单复数。句意：Ferl是弗罗里达大学研究所的教授之一，他对结果感到惊讶。根据空前的one of的固定结构，one of the+可数名词复数（很多人或者物中的一个）。故填professors。
（4）考查过去分词做形容词。句意：Ferl是弗罗里达大学研究所的教授之一，他对结果感到惊讶。根据本句中的主语he是人，因此用过去分词做形容词修饰人。故填amazed。
（5）考查副词。句意："植物实际上生长在月球的土壤中，"他说。副词actually用来修饰整个句子。故填actually。
（6）考查冠词。句意：坏消息是，在第一周之后，月球土壤给植物施加了太大的压力，导致它们生长缓慢。根据空后first week是名词，应该用冠词，这是第一周，应该特指。故填the。
（7）考查现在分词。句意：坏消息是，在第一周之后，月球土壤给植物施加了太大的压力，导致它们生长缓慢。本句的主语the lunar soil，谓语是put，因此应该用非谓语动词，在逻辑关系上the lunar soil与cause构成主动关系。故填causing。
（8）考查介词。句意：大多数月球植物最终发育不良---意味着小或没有完全发育。根据空后the moon是名词，因此应该用介词。the majority of大多数，是固定搭配。故填of。
（9）考查形容词比较级。句意：土壤在月球上暴露在太阳辐射和风中的时间越长，植物似乎越差。"the+比较级，the+比较级"的意思是"越……，就越……"。故填worse。
（10）考查定语从句。句意：阿波罗11号任务收集的土壤是最不利于生长的，因为它已经暴露了几十亿年。分析句子结构可知，which代替The soil在非限制性定语从句中做was collected的主语。故填which。
本文是一篇说明文。科学家们说，他们不知道月球的泥土中是否会生长任何东西。阿波罗11号任务收集的土壤是最不利于生长的，因为它已经暴露了几十亿年。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】A Meaningful English Speaking ContestOn the afternoon of June 18th，our school held an English speaking contest on the theme of "Father's Day" on the playground，which was aimed to create a strong campus gratitude atmosphere.【高分句型一】（比赛时间、地点和目的）
The contest was intense.All the competitors were well prepared.First of all，they spoke about their fathers' dedication to their families.What's more，they expressed their respect and love for their fathers.These speeches were so wonderful that all the audience rose to their feet to applaud.【高分句型二】The final three winners were awarded books about fathers.（比赛现场描述）
From my point of view，the contest is meaningful.It lets us realize gratitude is not only a virtue，but also a responsibility.As teenagers，we should be grateful to our families.（你的感受）
【解析】高分句型一：On the afternoon of June 18th，our school held an English speaking contest on the theme of "Father's Day" on the playground，which was aimed to create a strong campus gratitude atmosphere.
译文：6月18日下午，我校在操场上举办了以"父亲节"为主题的英语口语比赛，旨在营造浓厚的校园感恩氛围。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：These speeches were so wonderful that all the audience rose to their feet to applaud.
译文：这些演讲太精彩了，所有的听众都起立鼓掌。
分析：这句话使用了so+形容词+that引导的结果状语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Sam had since been able to raise some money for David.Part of the money was spent on rent for David's apartment.The rest was spent on a car for David to go to work.Obviously，what Sam did helped David get out of transitional housing.【高分句型一】Since Sam started his effort，David finally pulled himself together and stood on his own two feet. "David is well worth this investment because he is such a kind man，" Sam said in an interview.（山姆帮助了大卫度过生活的难关）
David also expressed endless gratitude to Sam and whoever had helped him.David was in awe of generosity of Sam's family，friends and total strangers who had banded together to help him rise out of homelessness.In return for their help，David began to try to help the other residents in the shelter.He said with a smile，"I didn't want anything in return，and what I did was just out of conscience.Now，I have a little friend，Henry，who likes to do voluntary work in the shelter whenever he has time."【高分句型二】（两人成为了好朋友，一起帮助更多的人）
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了大卫救助患有心脏病的山姆的故事。
高分句型一：Obviously，what Sam did helped David get out of transitional housing.
翻译：很明显，山姆的所作所为帮助大卫摆脱了过渡性住房。
分析：本句使用了what引导的主语从句。
高分句型二：Now，I have a little friend，Henry，who likes to do voluntary work in the shelter whenever he has time.
翻译：现在，我有一个小朋友，亨利，他一有时间就喜欢在收容所做志愿工作。
分析：本句使用了who引导的非限制性定语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年陕西省西安市莲湖区高一（下）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
A 6-day Tour from Beijing to Xi'an in China
When it comes to China's Beijing and Xi'an，which tourist attractions will hit you？During this tour，you can enjoy a selection of scenic spots of Beijing and Xi'an in full 6 days with the experience of taking a train.Apart from harvesting a visual feast of great sights and historical heritages，you can taste various delicious local snacks and have a look at Chinese culture.
★Visiting the highlights of Beijing，the capital city and Xi'an，an ancient city within nearly one week
★Experiencing the super-high-speed train from Beijing to Xi'an （only about 5 hours，helping you save more time for sightseeing）
★One-stop service including tour guides，hotels，meals：transportation，attraction admissions and insurance，etc
Package Prices & Details
Your Group Size
Luxurious Class
Superior Class
Tourist Class
1 person
﹩1667/﹩1426
﹩1384 /﹩1250
﹩1232/﹩1129
2-5 persons
﹩963/﹩836
﹩822 /﹩740
﹩746/﹩687
6-9 persons
﹩810/﹩682
﹩669/﹩602
﹩593/﹩534
The higher prices are for high season（Apr 1-Nov 30），and the lower prices are for low season（Dec 1-Mar 31）.
Tour Package Includes：
★Dining：5 breakfasts，5 lunches
★Hotels：accommodation in Beijing and Xi'an
★Train tickets：Beijing-Xi'an （the super-high-speed train）
★Admissions：entrance fees to all listed scenic spots
★Vehicles：private air-conditioned cars
★Drivers：experienced licensed drivers
★Tour guides：English-speaking guides
★Luggage transfers：a hand for heavy luggage
★Insurance：Travel Agencies Liability Insurance
1. What do we know about the tour？ ______
A It lasts two weeks.
A. It starts from Xi'an.
B. It offers one-stop service.
C. It includes the normal-speed train ride.
2. How much should a couple taking Luxurious Class in August pay for the tour？ ______
A. ﹩963. B. ﹩1667. C. ﹩1672. D. ﹩1926.
3. Which does the tour package include？ ______
A. Chinese-speaking guides. B. Travel insurance.
C. Five meals free of charge. D. Cars without air-conditioning.
B
Three high school seniors from Callisburg，Texas，learned that an old gate keep er in their school didn't have enough money to retire，so they decided to help him out.
The three students，Greyson Thurman，Marti Yousko and Banner Tidwell，from Callis-burg High School created a GoFundMe page on Feb.15，which attracted many people after Thurman posted a video of the old man's cleaning a hallway on the Internet.The video was accompanied by music and text that included a link to the GoFundMe page they created.
"This is our 80-year-old gate keep er who had his rent raised and had to come back to work.Let's help Mr James out，" the post read."No one at his age should have to be cleaning our messes up to continue to live."
Through the page，they got more than 8，000 donations totaling about ﹩260，000.Most of the donations came from Callisburg's students and staff."It's amazing，"said Jason Hoop-er，Callisburg High Principal.In his opinion，the need was met because of the three kind kids.All the students who joined in the activity met that need.
The three students said they had to help the old man after he was forced out of retirement.due to the rising cost of living in the north Texas area. "It's just so sad to see an 80-year-old man having to do things that no 80-year-old person should have to do，" said Tidwell.
Mr James is hardly alone.About 1.5 million retiree s have had to rejoin the workforce due to the high inflation（通货膨胀），according to an analysis of the data by the US Department of Labor.About 1 in 6 retiree s is considering returning to work in search of greater financial security，according to a survey published this month from Paychex.
Money got from the activity was enough to send Mr James back into retirement.He could get ready to go back to retirement and would live a comfortable life.
4. What is paragraph 2 mainly about？ ______
A. How to create a page.
B. What to do for people in need.
C. A brief introduction to Callisburg High School.
D. The way the three students helped the gatekeeper.
5. Which did Jason Hooper think was surprising？ ______
A. So many people loving the video.
B. The three kids making a difference.
C. An 80-year-old gate keep er still working.
D. The total number of the money lent to the gatekeeper.
6. What does the author intend to show through paragraph 6？ ______
A. The high inflation of the US.
B. The way most retiree s are living.
C. The living situation of the retirees.
D. What 1 in 6 retiree s is considering.
7. In which section of a newspaper can we find the text？ ______
A. Society. B. Economy. C. Literature. D. Travel.
C
Just like a smartwatch can tell its wearers how many calories they need during exercise，data from dolphin wearables can now be used to estimate how much energy dolphins use when they swim.
University of Michigan engineers，together with scientists at Dolphin Quest Oahu，have led the development of wearable sensors（传感器） for marine animals to monitor movement and behavior in order to improve marine preservation efforts for these animals.
Dolphins and other sea creatures are affected by human disturbances（干扰） in their habitat，including climate change，overfishing，noise pollution from shipping，construction，oil exploration and other activities.These types of disturbances can interrupt important animal behavior like hunting for fish and socializing，but measuring the disturbance is difficult be-cause the animals live under water.
Devices very similar to fitness trackers used by humans，known as biologging tags，are used in biology research，but estimating the energetic cos t of swimming has been challenging.Now，with the biologging tags made together with an instrument company，Michigan engineers are able to measure animal movement during thousands of strokes（划） as they swim.
According to Alex Shorter，U-M assistant professor of mechanical engineering，their goal is to use tag data to estimate how many fish are eaten by dolphins during a day，and connect that to estimates of how much energy dolphins use during the movement required to catch those fish.That is important for preservation because they can then use their approach to estimate energetic costs when these animals are disturbed.
In their new work，the researchers were able to develop estimates of energetic cost from tag data by working with their human and animal collaborators at Dolphin Quest Oahu.In this.unique environment，the researchers were able to conduct repeatable swimming trials over a range of speeds from multiple animals to generate the data needed to estimate how much energy the animals were using as they swam.Marine animal specialists trained the dolphins to wear the tracker during lap trials and periods of free swimming.
8. What is the final goal of developing wearable sensors for marine animals？ ______
A. To record the number of them.
B. To promote the protection for them.
C. To keep track of the lifestyle of them.
D. To monitor their movement and behavior.
9. Why is it hard to measure the disturbance of dolphins？ ______
A. Because of their habitat.
B. Because of their strange behaviors.
C. Because of too many kinds of disturbances.
D. Because of too simple measuring equipment.
10. What is tag data used to do？ ______
A. Learn about the way dolphins hunt.
B. Know the number of species of dolphins.
C. Make sure what kind of fish dolphins eat.
D. Figure out dolphin's probable amount of energetic costs.
11. What is the best title for the text？ ______
A. A New Device Made by Alex Shorter
B. A Smartwatch Designed for Marine Scientists
C. New Activity Trackers for Dolphin Conservation
D. A University Working with an Instrument Company
D
If there was any doubt about whether the world has entered a new space race，the competition of lunar-bound launch this month could be the smoking gun.After NASA canceled two launch attempts in late August and early September—followed by delays（延期） caused by Hurricane Ian and Tropical Storm Nicole—the US space agency tried again to send up its first Artemis mission.
That period fit s in with that of another mission less-known in the United States.A Japanese commercial company focusing on building moon landers launched on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on Dec.11，2022 in the US.
"We recognize that a launch of NASA's is scheduled during the same time frame，and we believe this sends the message that a new age is opening for the cislunar economy （地月经济）with these two historic missions—one government and one commercial，" the company said in a statement.
NASA happens to be one of the company's customers，hoping to receive moon dust samples from the private lander's trip.However，the plan failed on Apr.26，2023.If the Tokyo-based company had succeeded，it would have been the first to land a Japanese space-craft on the moon.What's more，it could have been the first successful private delivery of cargo to the lunar surface ever.
Brad Jolliff，director of the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences at Washing ton University in St.Louis，believes the next five years will be full of commercial missions to perform landings，deliver more goods to the moon，and promote science experiments.In Brad's opinion，the new age of lunar exploration and travel won't be done entirely by NASA.It will be done with international partners and with commercial partners.
12. What made NASA put off its launch plan a third time？ ______
A. Natural disasters. B. A lack of preparation.
C. The high cost of technology. D. Other important experiments.
13. What do we know about the Japanese company？ ______
A. Its head office is in the US.
B. It has ever sent goods for customers in space.
C. Its launch time is roughly the same as a NASA's launch.
D. It's a company successfully delivering goods to the moon.
14. What does the underlined word"cargo" in paragraph 4 mean？ ______
A. Satellite. B. Spaceship. C. Signal. D. Goods.
15. What is Brad's attitude to private commercial missions to space？ ______
A. Hopeful. B. Opposed. C. Careless. D. Doubtful.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
As we know，forming a good personality is very useful for everyone.You can improve your personality with some suggestions given below.
●（1） ______ It has been proved that intelligence can be divided into many classes.Many times school top students also lose out in their careers because adjustment with knowledge in a career field requires the specific type of ability to make wise decisions.
●Moral principle and awareness . （2） ______ If you are aware，you will do your work with complete honesty and determination.It is clear that persons like you don't need to be watched over at work.Since you know your responsibilities，yòu will be successful in your field.
●Openness.If you have the ability to hug something with an open heart，then undoubtedly you can learn a lot.This ability makes you win popularity with your friends because you do not hesitate to learn even from your younger ones. （3） ______ Always remember if your personality is like that—having the ability to accept the right thing，you are successful.
●Communication.The role of conversation is important in developing personality.Your speaking ability not only makes you popular but also gives you success.So your pronunciation should be clear.Along with speaking，it is also important to have the art of listening.Besides，take special care of your body language too.（4） ______
●Teamwork.Effective teamwork is the key to the strength of an organization. （5） ______ Characteristics of an effective team include a high degree of interaction with people inside and outside the group and a healthy amount of disagreement and creativity.
A.Loss.
B.Wisdom.
C.You need to improve spoken language.
D.Awareness acts as a basic condition for success.
E.Everyone wants to work with such open people.F.Good team work ensures the success of the work.
G.That's because you tell a lot through your body language.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
I had the most wonderful experience with a taxi driver yesterday and it really made my day.
Last afternoon，I was going from my home to a supermarket.I wouldn't be long there because I had （1） ______ in walking.Using a walking stick，I stopped a taxi.The driver went out of his way to（2） ______ me.He told me that he wanted to（3） ______ up a few things."I am happy to turn off the meter（计程表） and then start it again when we（4） ______ back."In that case，it was （5） ______ cheaper for me to book his taxi to go home than to pay two （6） ______ booking fees.I responded， "Thanks，sir."
Then he went （7） ______ with me and meanwhile waited for me.He had just gone through the checkout as I was lining up to （8） ______ .When he saw me coming out，he helped me carry my things to the （9） ______ and supported me into it.When we got back to my place，he parked his car as （10） ______ to my door as possible to save me a bit of （11） ______ .He even carried all of those things to the front door with a smile along the way.What a（12） ______ and caring gentleman!
Today，I plan to write the （13） ______ experience on my blog where I will （14） ______ him.I truly believe he is a jewel and worthy of being thought highly of. （15） ______ it with the whole world is really worthwhile!
21. A. fun B. comfort C. difficulty D. reflection
22. A. assist B. seek C. monitor D. reject
23. A. break B. eat C. tear D. pick
24. A. head B. give C. take D. call
25. A. impossibly B. illegally C. previously D. definitely
26. A. professional B. national C. separate D. false
27. A. drinking B. shopping C. hiking D. hunting
28. A. pay B. gather C. relax D. donate
29. A. bus B. car C. supermarket D. house
30. A. high B. fast C. close D. distant
31. A. covering B. walking C. cash D. duty
32. A. humorous B. romantic C. creative D. friendly
33. A. impressive B. comic C. upsetting D. disappointing
34. A. guide B. employ C. praise D. greet
35. A. Celebrating B. Sharing C. Defending D. Judging
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Since ancient times，human beings have tried to explore space and find other life forms.They even tended （1） ______ （improve） the moon's environment to support life.It was the first time that they had grow n plants in the lunar soil.The scientists said they had no idea whether anything （2） ______ （ grow） in the moon dirt.They wanted to see if it could be used to grow food.The results surprised them.
Ferl is one of the （3） ______ （ professor） in the University of Florida's institute，and he was（4） ______ （ amaze） at the results."Plants （5） ______ （ actual） grow in the soil of the moon，" he said.Ferl and other researchers planted thale cress （拟南芥），a small flowering plant in lunar soil.The good news was that all the seeds grew.The bad news was that after （6） ______ first week，the lunar soil put too much pressure on the plants，（ 7） ______ （ cause） them to grow slowly.The majority （8） ______ the moon plants ended up stunted—meaning small or not fully developed.
The longer the soil was exposed to solar radiation and wind on the moon，the（9） ______ （bad） the plants seemed to be.The soil，（ 10） ______ was collected by the Apollo 11 mission，was the least helpful for growth because it had been exposed for a couple billion years.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，六月十八日，你校以"Father's Day"为主题举办了一场英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇报道向校英文报投稿，内容包括：
（1）比赛时间、地点和目的；
（2）比赛现场描述；
（3）你的感受。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为 80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Meaningful English Speaking Contest
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a sunny morning six months ago.Henry，a teenager boy，had been walking down the sidewalk.When he made way for an old lady，he fell to the ground.His heart suddenly stopped.
However，Henry was fortunate enough to fall in front of a faith-based shelter for homeless people in transitional housing （过渡房） based in Hyannis.Massachusetts.A 54-year-old resident David was working inside it when he heard some one outside screaming for help.He Tan to the scene as soon as possible.
David，who lad just been given CPR（心肺复苏） training with all the staff and residents of the shelter a few days previously，ran over to Henry's motionless body and started giving first aid.He had been conducting CPR for ten minutes before medical staff arrived and loaded Henry into the ambulance.
Henry was born with a kind of heart disease.The disease was deadly especially when it struck on the road.Thanks to David's immediate action.Henry was saved in time.In no time.Henry's father Sam came to the hospital and said thanks to David and the doctors over again and again.One of Henry's attending doctors said."No one could believe it.Generally speaking，if you're not in the hospital and go into shock from a heart attack.you won't survive it.Even if you're in the hospital，the result may be the same."
A resident in the shelter said， "David is a nice，lovely and reliable man.He is very organized and always arranges things perfectly.So I know he can deal with the emergency." Of course，David could made it because he had been volunteering to serve the homeless since childhood.But something unexpected caused him to be homeless and end up in the shelter.
As a means of thanking David for helping to save his son from certain death.Sam created a page to raise money for David. "David is doing everything right to escape his homelessness，but the barrier is huge.Chances of escaping homelessness are about as slim as walking away from a heart attack." he said.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为 150左右：
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Sam had since been able to raise some money for David.
David also expressed endless gratitude to Sam and whoever had helped him.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段★One-stop service including tour guides，hotels，meals：transportation，attraction admissions and insurance，etc（★一站式服务，包括导游、酒店、餐饮、交通、景点门票、保险等）可知这次旅行提供一站式服务。故选C。
（2）数字计算题。根据表格的最后一段The higher prices are for high season（Apr 1-Nov 30），and the lower prices are for low season（Dec 1-Mar 31）.（旺季（4月1日至11月30日）的价格较高，淡季（12月1日至3月31日）的价格较低。）以及表格中的价格可知8月份参加豪华班的情侣需要支付963+963=1926美元。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段★One-stop service including tour guides，hotels，meals：transportation，attraction admissions and insurance，etc（★一站式服务，包括导游、酒店、餐饮、交通、景点门票、保险等）可知这次旅行包括保险。故选B。
这篇短文主要介绍了一次从北京到西安的6天旅行。旅行中可以参观北京和西安的一些著名景点，还可以体验从北京到西安的高速列车。旅行包括导游、酒店、餐饮、交通、门票和保险等一站式服务。价格根据旅行团的规模和季节的不同而有所变化。旅行包括餐饮、酒店、火车票、景点门票、交通工具、导游、行李转运和保险等。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
4~7.【答案】D、B、C、A
【解析】（1）段落大意题。根据文章第二段The three students，Greyson Thurman，Marti Yousko and Banner Tidwell，from Callis-burg High School created a GoFundMe page on Feb.15，which attracted many people after Thurman posted a video of the old man's cleaning a hallway on the Internet.The video was accompanied by music and text that included a link to the GoFundMe page they created.（2月15日，来自卡利斯堡高中的三名学生格雷森•瑟曼、马蒂•尤斯科和班纳•蒂德维尔创建了一个GoFundMe页面，瑟曼在互联网上发布了这位老人打扫走廊的视频后，吸引了许多人。该视频配有音乐和文字，其中包括他们创建的GoFundMe页面的链接。）可知第二段主要是关于三个学生帮助门卫的方式。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第四段Through the page，they got more than 8，000 donations totaling about ﹩260，000.Most of the donations came from Callisburg's students and staff."It's amazing，"said Jason Hoop-er，Callisburg High Principal.In his opinion，the need was met because of the three kind kids.All the students who joined in the activity met that need.（通过这个页面，他们获得了超过8000笔捐款，总额约为﹩260，000.Most，这些捐款来自卡利斯堡的学生和员工。"太不可思议了，"卡利斯堡高中校长杰森•胡普-尔说。在他看来，这种需要是因为这三个善良的孩子而得到满足的。所有参加活动的学生都满足了这一需求。）可知杰森•胡珀认为令人惊讶的是三个孩子起到了巨大的作用。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第六段Mr James is hardly alone.About 1.5 million retiree s have had to rejoin the workforce due to the high inflation（通货膨胀），according to an analysis of the data by the US Department of Labor.About 1 in 6 retiree s is considering returning to work in search of greater financial security，according to a survey published this month from Paychex.（詹姆斯先生并不孤单。根据美国劳工部对数据的分析，由于高通胀，大约150万退休人员不得不重新加入劳动力大军。根据Paychex本月公布的一项调查，大约六分之一的退休人员正在考虑重返工作岗位，以寻求更大的经济保障。）可知作者打算通过第六段展示退休人员的生活状况。故选C。
（4）文章出处题。根据文章第一段Three high school seniors from Callisburg，Texas，learned that an old gate keeper in their school didn't have enough money to retire，so they decided to help him out.（来自德克萨斯州卡利斯堡的三名高中毕业生得知他们学校的一名老门卫没有足够的钱退休，所以他们决定帮助他。）可知我们可以在报纸的社会版块找到这篇文章。A.Society.社会；B.Economy.经济；C.Literature.文学；D.Travel.旅行。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了来自德克萨斯州卡利斯堡高中的三名高中毕业生得知学校的老门卫没有足够的退休金后，决定帮助他。他们创建了一个GoFundMe页面，吸引了许多人的关注。通过这个页面，他们得到了超过8，000笔捐款，总计约26万美元。大部分捐款来自卡利斯堡的学生和教职员工。这些学生说，他们必须帮助这位老人，因为他被迫重新工作，原因是北德克萨斯地区的生活成本上涨。通过这次活动筹集到的钱足够让詹姆斯先生重新退休，并过上舒适的生活。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】B、A、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二段University of Michigan engineers，together with scientists at Dolphin Quest Oahu，have led the development of wearable sensors（传感器） for marine animals to monitor movement and behavior in order to improve marine preservation efforts for these animals.（密歇根大学的工程师与Dolphin Quest Oahu的科学家一起，领导了海洋动物可穿戴传感器的开发，以监测运动和行为，从而改善这些动物的海洋保护工作。）可知为海洋动物开发可穿戴传感器的最终目的是促进对它们的保护。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段Dolphins and other sea creatures are affected by human disturbances（干扰） in their habitat，including climate change，overfishing，noise pollution from shipping，construction，oil exploration and other activities.These types of disturbances can interrupt important animal behavior like hunting for fish and socializing，but measuring the disturbance is difficult be-cause the animals live under water.（海豚和其他海洋生物在其栖息地受到人类干扰的影响，包括气候变化、过度捕捞、航运、建筑、石油勘探和其他活动产生的噪音污染。这些类型的干扰会打断重要的动物行为，如捕鱼和社交，但测量干扰是很困难的，因为动物生活在水下。）可知由于海豚的栖息地，很难测量它们的干扰程度。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段According to Alex Shorter，U-M assistant professor of mechanical engineering，their goal is to use tag data to estimate how many fish are eaten by dolphins during a day，and connect that to estimates of how much energy dolphins use during the movement required to catch those fish（据U-M大学机械工程助理教授Alex Shorter说，他们的目标是使用标签数据来估计海豚一天吃了多少鱼，并将其与海豚在捕捉这些鱼的运动中消耗的能量联系起来）可知标签数据被用来计算海豚可能的能量消耗。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章第二段University of Michigan engineers，together with scientists at Dolphin Quest Oahu，have led the development of wearable sensors（传感器） for marine animals to monitor movement and behavior in order to improve marine preservation efforts for these animals.（密歇根大学的工程师与Dolphin Quest Oahu的科学家一起，领导了海洋动物可穿戴传感器的开发，以监测运动和行为，从而改善这些动物的海洋保护工作。）可知本文主要介绍了密歇根大学工程师与Dolphin Quest Oahu科学家合作开发了海洋动物可穿戴传感器，用于监测它们的运动和行为，以改善对这些动物的保护工作。因此本文的最佳标题是C.New Activity Trackers for Dolphin Conservation（用于海豚保护的新型活动跟踪器）。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了密歇根大学工程师与Dolphin Quest Oahu科学家合作开发了海洋动物可穿戴传感器，用于监测它们的运动和行为，以改善对这些动物的保护工作。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】A、C、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段After NASA canceled two launch attempts in late August and early September—followed by delays（延期） caused by Hurricane Ian and Tropical Storm Nicole—the US space agency tried again to send up its first Artemis mission.（在美国宇航局取消了8月底和9月初的两次发射尝试后---随后是飓风伊恩和热带风暴妮可造成的延迟---美国航天局再次尝试发射其首次阿尔特弥斯任务。）可知自然灾害使得美国宇航局第三次推迟了发射计划。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段 "We recognize that a launch of NASA's is scheduled during the same time frame，and we believe this sends the message that a new age is opening for the cislunar economy （地月经济）with these two historic missions—one government and one commercial，" the company said in a statement.（该公司在一份声明中说："我们认识到，美国宇航局的发射计划在同一时间框架内进行，我们相信这发出了一个信息，即这两项历史性任务---一项政府任务和一项商业任务---将开启月球经济的新时代。"）可知日本公司的发射时间与美国宇航局的发射时间大致相同。故选C。
（3）猜测词义题。根据文章第四段If the Tokyo-based company had succeeded，it would have been the first to land a Japanese space-craft on the moon.What's more，it could have been the first successful private delivery of cargo to the lunar surface ever.（如果这家总部设在东京的公司成功了，它将成为第一个将日本宇宙飞船送上月球的公司。更重要的是，这可能是有史以来第一次成功的私人向月球表面运送货物。）和最后一段Brad Jolliff，director of the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences at Washing ton University in St.Louis，believes the next five years will be full of commercial missions to perform landings，deliver more goods to the moon，and promote science experiments（圣路易斯华盛顿大学麦克唐纳太空科学中心主任布拉德•乔利夫认为，未来五年将充满商业任务，包括着陆、向月球运送更多货物以及促进科学实验）可知cargo的意思是"货物"。A.Satellite.卫星；B.Spaceship.宇宙飞船；C.Signal.信号；D.Goods.货物。故选D。
（4）观点态度题。根据文章最后一段In Brad's opinion，the new age of lunar exploration and travel won't be done entirely by NASA.It will be done with international partners and with commercial partners.（在布拉德看来，月球探索和旅行的新时代不会完全由美国宇航局来完成。这项工作将与国际伙伴和商业伙伴一起进行。）可知布拉德对私人商业太空任务的态度是乐观的。A.Hopeful.有希望的，乐观的；B.Opposed.相反的；C.Careless.粗心的；D.Doubtful.怀疑的。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了世界是否进入了新的太空竞赛，以及本月进行的登月任务竞争。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】B、D、E、G、F
【解析】 （1）主题判断题。根据后文It has been proved that intelligence can be divided into many classes.Many times school top students also lose out in their careers because adjustment with knowledge in a career field requires the specific type of ability to make wise decisions（事实证明，智力可以分为很多类。很多时候，学校的优等生也会在职业生涯中失利，因为适应职业领域的知识需要特定类型的能力来做出明智的决定），可知表示"智慧"的选项B可以作为本段的主题，介绍做出明智决定的重要性，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据主题句Moral principle and awareness（道德原则和意识）；以及后文If you are aware，you will do your work with complete honesty and determination.It is clear that persons like you don't need to be watched over at work（如果你意识到了这一点，你将以完全诚实和坚定的态度完成你的工作。很明显，像你这样的人在工作中不需要被监视。既然你知道自己的责任，你就会在你的领域取得成功），可知表示"意识是成功的基本条件"的选项D可以承接主题，引出后文关于道德意识的介绍，故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据前文Openness.If you have the ability to hug something with an open heart，then undoubtedly you can learn a lot.This ability makes you win popularity with your friends because you do not hesitate to learn even from your younger ones（开放。如果你有能力用开放的心拥抱某件事，那么毫无疑问，你可以学到很多。这种能力会让你赢得朋友的欢迎，因为你会毫不犹豫地向年轻人学习），可知表示"每个人都想和这样开放的人一起工作"的选项E可以承接前文关于开放的话题，介绍每个人都想和这样开放的人一起工作，故选E。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文Besides，take special care of your body language too（此外，也要特别注意你的肢体语言），可知表示"那是因为你通过肢体语言说了很多"的选项G可以承接前文肢体语言的话题，介绍注意肢体语言的原因，故选G。
（5）推理判断题。根据前文Teamwork.Effective teamwork is the key to the strength of an organization（团队合作。有效的团队合作是一个组织力量的关键），可知表示"良好的团队合作确保工作的成功"的选项可F以承接前文有效的团队合作的话题，介绍有效的团队合作的作用，故选F。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了几个有助于改善个性的建议。
做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】C、A、D、A、D、C、B、A、B、C、B、D、A、C、B
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.fun乐趣；B.comfort舒适；C.difficulty困难；D.reflection反射。我不会在那里呆太久，因为我走路有困难。根据下文Using a walking stick可知是走路有困难。故选C。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.assist协助；B.seek寻找；C.monitor监控；D.reject拒绝。司机特意帮我。故选A。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.break中断；B.eat吃；C.tear撕裂；D.pick挑选。他告诉我他想买一些东西。pick up：捡起，拿。根据下文He had just gone through the checkout 可知是去超市买点东西。故选D。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.head朝……前进；B.give给予；C.take拍；D.call呼叫。"我很高兴关掉计价器，然后在我们返回时重新启动。"故选A。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.impossibly不可能地；B.illegally非法地；C.previously以前地；D.definitely肯定地。在这种情况下，我预订他的出租车回家肯定比单独支付两次预订费便宜。我回答说："谢谢，先生。"根据上文I am happy to turn off the meter可知是当然会便宜。故选D。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.professional专业的；B.national国家的；C.separate分开的；D.false错误的。在这种情况下，我预订他的出租车回家肯定比单独支付两次预订费便宜。我回答说："谢谢，先生。"故选C。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.drinking喝；B.shopping购物；C.hiking徒步旅行；D.hunting狩猎。然后他和我一起去买东西，同时在等我。故选B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.pay支付；B.gather收集；C.relax放松；D.donate捐赠。当我排队付款时，他刚刚结账。根据上文He had just gone through the checkout 可知是等着付款。故选A。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.bus公交车；B.car汽车；C.supermarket超级市场；D.house房屋。当他看到我出来时，他帮我把东西拿到车上，并把我扶上车。根据下文 supported me into it可知是汽车。故选B。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.high高的；B.fast快速的；C.close近的；D.distant远处的。当我们回到我家时，他把车停在离我家门尽可能近的地方，以节省我的步行时间。根据下文to my door as possible to save me a bit of 可知是离家门很近。故选C。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.covering覆盖；B.walking步行；C.cash现金；D.duty职责。当我们回到我家时，他把车停在离我家门尽可能近的地方，以节省我的步行时间。故选B。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.humorous幽默的；B.romantic浪漫的；C.creative创造性的；D.friendly友好的。多么友好体贴的绅士啊！根据下文 caring gentleman可知是友好的。故选D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.impressive令人印象深刻的；B.comic喜剧的；C.upsetting令人沮丧的；D.disappointing令人失望的。今天，我计划把这段令人印象深刻的经历写在我的博客上，在那里我会赞扬他。故选A。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.guide指南；B.employ雇用；C.praise表扬；D.greet问候。今天，我计划把这段令人印象深刻的经历写在我的博客上，在那里我会赞扬他。根据下文I truly believe he is a jewel and worthy of being thought highly of可知是赞美他。故选C。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.Celebrating庆祝；B.Sharing分享；C.Defending辩护；D.Judging判断。与全世界分享真的很值得！故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要写了作者与一位出租车司机的美好经历。作者需要去超市购物，拿着拐杖拦了一辆出租车，司机主动帮助作者，还愿意关掉计价器，让作者回家时更便宜。在超市结账时，司机帮助作者拿东西并扶着作者上车。回到家后，司机尽量靠近门口停车，还帮作者搬运东西。作者打算在博客上写下这段经历，并赞扬这位司机的善良和关心。将这个故事与全世界分享是非常值得的。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】to improve
【小题2】would grow
【小题3】professors
【小题4】amazed
【小题5】actually
【小题6】the
【小题7】causing
【小题8】of
【小题9】worse
【小题10】which
【小题11】略
【解析】 （1）考查不定式。句意：自古以来，人类就试图探索太空，寻找其他生命形式。他们甚至试图改善月球的环境以支持生命。根据空前tended这个动词的用法，tend to do sth倾向于做某事。故填to improve。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：科学家们说，他们不知道月球的泥土中是否会生长任何东西。根据本句said是过去时，根据句意应该用过去将来时。故填would grow。
（3）考查名词单复数。句意：Ferl是弗罗里达大学研究所的教授之一，他对结果感到惊讶。根据空前的one of的固定结构，one of the+可数名词复数（很多人或者物中的一个）。故填professors。
（4）考查过去分词做形容词。句意：Ferl是弗罗里达大学研究所的教授之一，他对结果感到惊讶。根据本句中的主语he是人，因此用过去分词做形容词修饰人。故填amazed。
（5）考查副词。句意："植物实际上生长在月球的土壤中，"他说。副词actually用来修饰整个句子。故填actually。
（6）考查冠词。句意：坏消息是，在第一周之后，月球土壤给植物施加了太大的压力，导致它们生长缓慢。根据空后first week是名词，应该用冠词，这是第一周，应该特指。故填the。
（7）考查现在分词。句意：坏消息是，在第一周之后，月球土壤给植物施加了太大的压力，导致它们生长缓慢。本句的主语the lunar soil，谓语是put，因此应该用非谓语动词，在逻辑关系上the lunar soil与cause构成主动关系。故填causing。
（8）考查介词。句意：大多数月球植物最终发育不良---意味着小或没有完全发育。根据空后the moon是名词，因此应该用介词。the majority of大多数，是固定搭配。故填of。
（9）考查形容词比较级。句意：土壤在月球上暴露在太阳辐射和风中的时间越长，植物似乎越差。"the+比较级，the+比较级"的意思是"越……，就越……"。故填worse。
（10）考查定语从句。句意：阿波罗11号任务收集的土壤是最不利于生长的，因为它已经暴露了几十亿年。分析句子结构可知，which代替The soil在非限制性定语从句中做was collected的主语。故填which。
本文是一篇说明文。科学家们说，他们不知道月球的泥土中是否会生长任何东西。阿波罗11号任务收集的土壤是最不利于生长的，因为它已经暴露了几十亿年。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】A Meaningful English Speaking ContestOn the afternoon of June 18th，our school held an English speaking contest on the theme of "Father's Day" on the playground，which was aimed to create a strong campus gratitude atmosphere.【高分句型一】（比赛时间、地点和目的）
The contest was intense.All the competitors were well prepared.First of all，they spoke about their fathers' dedication to their families.What's more，they expressed their respect and love for their fathers.These speeches were so wonderful that all the audience rose to their feet to applaud.【高分句型二】The final three winners were awarded books about fathers.（比赛现场描述）
From my point of view，the contest is meaningful.It lets us realize gratitude is not only a virtue，but also a responsibility.As teenagers，we should be grateful to our families.（你的感受）
【解析】高分句型一：On the afternoon of June 18th，our school held an English speaking contest on the theme of "Father's Day" on the playground，which was aimed to create a strong campus gratitude atmosphere.
译文：6月18日下午，我校在操场上举办了以"父亲节"为主题的英语口语比赛，旨在营造浓厚的校园感恩氛围。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：These speeches were so wonderful that all the audience rose to their feet to applaud.
译文：这些演讲太精彩了，所有的听众都起立鼓掌。
分析：这句话使用了so+形容词+that引导的结果状语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Sam had since been able to raise some money for David.Part of the money was spent on rent for David's apartment.The rest was spent on a car for David to go to work.Obviously，what Sam did helped David get out of transitional housing.【高分句型一】Since Sam started his effort，David finally pulled himself together and stood on his own two feet. "David is well worth this investment because he is such a kind man，" Sam said in an interview.（山姆帮助了大卫度过生活的难关）
David also expressed endless gratitude to Sam and whoever had helped him.David was in awe of generosity of Sam's family，friends and total strangers who had banded together to help him rise out of homelessness.In return for their help，David began to try to help the other residents in the shelter.He said with a smile，"I didn't want anything in return，and what I did was just out of conscience.Now，I have a little friend，Henry，who likes to do voluntary work in the shelter whenever he has time."【高分句型二】（两人成为了好朋友，一起帮助更多的人）
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了大卫救助患有心脏病的山姆的故事。
高分句型一：Obviously，what Sam did helped David get out of transitional housing.
翻译：很明显，山姆的所作所为帮助大卫摆脱了过渡性住房。
分析：本句使用了what引导的主语从句。
高分句型二：Now，I have a little friend，Henry，who likes to do voluntary work in the shelter whenever he has time.
翻译：现在，我有一个小朋友，亨利，他一有时间就喜欢在收容所做志愿工作。
分析：本句使用了who引导的非限制性定语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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