湖南长沙五年（2019-2023）中考英语真题分题型分类汇编-01完形填空

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湖南长沙五年（2019-2023）中考英语真题分题型分类汇编-01完形填空

一、完形填空
（2019·湖南长沙·中考真题）Thanksgiving was just around the corner. The menu（菜谱）had been set. The shopping list was made. 1 seemed perfect. I could taste turkey and mashed potatoes（火鸡和土豆泥）. Pictures of different pies, fruit and vegetables came into my mind. I couldn’t 2 !
The day before Thanksgiving my dad called a family meeting. He said we needed to practice being 3 . “We are going to 4 at a homeless shelter（收容所）on Thanksgiving Day.” I couldn’t believe this was happening. So we wouldn’t cook our own Thanksgiving dinner? The holiday wouldn’t be the same. I thought the day would be ruined（糟蹋）.
The next morning, we got up 5 . I followed my father to the shelter with my sleepy eyes. I had no great expectations and felt 6 all the way. As soon as we arrived, we got to work. There was so much to be done. But all I could think about was the dinner I couldn’t enjoy.
However, those thoughts soon 7 . Over the next few hours, I watched hundreds of people come through the shelter. For some, this was the only hot meal they would eat that week. For others, it was the first time to eat a Thanksgiving meal. The shelter was filled with 8 .
Through this experience, I learned that Thanksgiving is a time to think about your blessings（祝福）and look for ways to bless others. When I gave up what I had wanted, I discovered how much I have. It is much better to 9 than to receive. In the end, that Thanksgiving became an 10 experience.
1．A．Something B．Everything C．Nothing
2．A．wait B．care C．understand
3．A．creative B．nervous C．thankful
4．A．rush out B．help out C．check out
5．A．early B．late C．suddenly
6．A．excited B．good C．down
7．A．appeared B．disappeared C．rose
8．A．stress B．joy C．fear
9．A．give B．take C．waste
10．A．uncomfortable B．unreasonable C．unforgettable

（2020·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）As a university student, I decided to learn German. For some reason I really liked the language, but I was not very good at learning it. The grammar 11 me a lot and even drove me crazy. My only advantage was 12 —I got an A on every word test I took. After two years of studies, I struggled （挣扎） to communicate in 13 German and signed up to study in Germany to complete my degree. It was the 14 term I would ever have.
The moment I arrived in Germany, I felt like I was starting from scratch（从头开始）. The German I'd learned in university wasn't   15 for everyday conversation. My book knowledge fell by the wayside as I thought about the basics of getting around, reading emails and talking with my classmates, I was often nervous at school, worried about whether the teachers would call on me in class and whether I'd understand their questions. I only 16 a little around my eight roommates, who were willing to speak German slowly to me and didn't seem to mind my 17 .
I chose to study three courses—reading & writing, grammar and history. All were in German and difficult, but the history class was the worst. The teacher spoke so 18 that almost everything he said flew right over my head. I sat in the front, took notes and even recorded every single word he said in class, but 19 helped. I had no idea what the class was really about…
Years have passed, but I still remember how it felt to struggle so hard at 20 another language. That trip was a difficult but valuable lesson. I think my failure that term taught me just as much as my success.
11．A．gave B．helped C．troubled
12．A．listening B．spelling C．speaking
13．A．perfect B．broken C．beautiful
14．A．hardest B．easiest C．happiest
15．A．useless B．meaningless C．practical
16．A．relaxed B．feared C．wondered
17．A．purposes B．progress C．mistakes
18．A．slowly B．quickly C．clearly
19．A．nothing B．anything C．everything
20．A．creating B．teaching C．learning

（2021·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I looked at the words on the page. I knew how to say them, but my 21 wouldn’t work. It was my first class in this new school, so nobody here knew me. My teacher just asked me to read some text out loud. The whole class was waiting for me 22 . I could even hear my heartbeats.
I just sat there. Seconds passed. Some students started to 23 . “What’s wrong with her?” one boy said. “Maybe she can’t read at all!” said another student.
“Just open your mouth and speak!” I told myself. I tried to get the words out. But the first was always the 24 . The teacher was waiting. More of my classmates were making fun of me. I wanted to hide under my desk. I soon felt tears (眼泪) running down ...
I often faced situations like this during my grade school. 25 ? I had a stuttering (结巴) problem. Because of this, I often felt embarrassed (尴尬的) at school.
Thankfully, I met a great teacher, Mrs. Brown. She never 26 me when I was trying to talk. She helped me to relax when I was speaking, and would always wait 27 for me to finish my sentences.
Mrs. Brown offered me the most encouragement. She always let me know that my stuttering problem didn’t mean I wasn’t smart. She said, “Your brain is moving too fast, and your mouth just can’t keep up!” Those simple words made me feel 28 and encouraged.
Great changes happened to me. When I entered high school, I almost 29 stuttering. In college, I had no trouble at all. As a child, I never imagined that I would become a 30 just like Mrs. Brown, passing love and care on to my students.
21．A．eyes B．hands C．mouth
22．A．noisily B．silently C．proudly
23．A．suggest B．encourage C．laugh
24．A．hardest B．easiest C．funniest
25．A．What B．Why C．Where
26．A．praised B．rushed C．comforted
27．A．sadly B．angrily C．patiently
28．A．loved B．hated C．refused
29．A．started B．stopped C．doubled
30．A．student B．manager C．teacher

（2022·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）I went to Beijing to study Chinese last year. I was 31 about all the chances to better my language skills, walk on the Great Wall, and most of all, eat real Chinese food! I 32 remember my first jianbing, jiaozi and Peking duck. Each of them was amazing in its own way.
I knew that real Chinese food would be different from the Chinese food I had eaten in the USA．I couldn’t wait to try all the 33 dishes that came up in my research about Chinese food. One of my favorites turned out to be hotpot（火锅）.
My first-ever hotpot experience in Old Beijing was 34 . As a first-timer, I was moved by the waiters’ 35 and their warmth of welcome. They tried their best to introduce all of the oils and spices（调味香料）to me.
Looking around, I found that everyone had their own favorite sauce combinations（酱料组合）, ingredients and styles（食材和风格）. Some would carefully 36 their ingredients into the hotpot one after another. Others would impatiently put whole plates into the bubbling（冒泡的）oil. You can learn a lot from the 37 people eat hotpot.
When I went back to the USA, I 38 to prepare a hotpot meal for my family. It allowed me to not only share the culture that I had learned about, but also offer others a chance to 39 China like I had. It’s amazing that 40 could bring so much to life!
31．A．sorry B．excited C．tired
32．A．still B．never C．hardly
33．A．heart-breaking B．mouth-watering C．time-saving
34．A．unforgettable B．unpleasant C．unlucky
35．A．coldness B．laziness C．friendliness
36．A．play B．put C．wash
37．A．way B．tool C．price
38．A．hated B．refused C．decided
39．A．help B．build C．experience
40．A．jiaozi B．hotpot C．Peking duck

（2023·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My friend Andrew used to drink a lot and always isolated (孤立) himself. He was 41 and heartbroken. He felt that his life was a hopeless mess. He even told me that he was on the point of 42 hope. I couldn’t solve his problems. But during the Christmas season two years ago, I gave him a gift that I didn’t even know I had.
That Christmas Andrew had no place to go, so I 43 him home to my parents’ house in London. My parents were 44 to have him stay with us. They graciously (殷勤地) cleaned up our guest room for him and even bought him some Christmas gifts. I’ll never 45 the night when we arrived at my home. My parents were already asleep, but my mom had prepared dinner and some cookies for us and left us a 46 . My parents were known for their generosity (慷慨), so I wasn’t surprised by this warm 47 . But when Andrew read my mom’s note and saw all that she had prepared, he broke down and couldn’t help 48 . At that moment, I began to realize what a loving family meant.
From then on, Andrew and I both received gifts that we would 49 forever. I gave him the gift of a warm, loving and safe place to spend Christmas, which helped him renew his interest in life. More 50 , he gave me the gift of a new perspective (观点) on life. If I hadn’t shared my home with him, I wouldn’t have realized how blessed (有福的) I am.
41．A．sunny B．outgoing C．lonely
42．A．writing down B．giving up C．listening to
43．A．stopped B．invited C．refused
44．A．unwilling B．angry C．happy
45．A．forget B．remember C．mention
46．A．note B．book C．menu
47．A．handshake B．welcome C．conversation
48．A．fighting B．fearing C．crying
49．A．value B．worry C．doubt
50．A．pitifully B．importantly C．painfully


参考答案：

1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．C

【分析】短文大意：作者介绍了践行感恩的一次难忘经历。在感恩节那天，爸爸带着他到当地的一家收容所帮忙，作者对于在收容所原本所讨厌的饭食却成了有些无家可归的人唯一能吃的热饭，思想也发生了改变，情感得到了升华，感悟到爱的真谛。
1．句意：一切似乎都很完美。A. Something某事，某物；B. Everything每件事，所有事物；C. Nothing没有什么，没有一件东西。根据后面的句子“I could taste turkey and mashed potatoes（火鸡和土豆泥）. Pictures of different pies, fruit and vegetables came into my mind.”可知，作者可以品尝到火鸡和土豆泥。各种馅饼、水果和蔬菜的照片也浮现在脑海中。圣诞节前夕一切准备就绪，看起来都很完美，故答案为B。
2．句意：我有点迫不及待了。A. wait等待；B. care照顾；C. understand理解。can’t wait迫不及待。看到准备好的圣诞大餐，作者有点迫不及待地想吃了，答案为A。
3．句意：他说我们需要实践感恩。A. creative创造性的；B. nervous紧张的；C. thankful感激的。根据后面的句子“We are going to ___4___ at a homeless shelter（收容所）on Thanksgiving Day.”可知，去收容所提供帮助是献爱心的一种行为。故答案选C。
4．句意：我们将在感恩节在收容所提供帮助。A. rush out冲出去；B. help out解决难题，帮助（……）分担工作；C. check out核实。根据下文中的句子As soon as we arrived, we got to work. There was so much to be done.可知，作者他们是去收容所为那些无家可归的人提供所谓的“感恩节大餐”，去帮助他们，故答案为B。
5．句意：第二天早上，我们起得很早。A. early早的；B. late晚的；C. suddenly突然。结合后面的句子“I followed my father to the shelter with my sleepy eyes.”我睡眼朦胧地跟着父亲来到收容所。由此可知他们一大早就起来了，故答案为A。
6．句意：我没有太高的期望，一路上感觉精神不太好。A. excited兴奋的；B. good好的；C. down沮丧的。feel down感觉情绪低落。根据前面的句子“I couldn’t believe this was happening. So we wouldn’t cook our own Thanksgiving dinner? The holiday wouldn’t be the same. I thought the day would be ruined（糟蹋）.”可知，作者对爸爸提议这次感恩节去收容所并不开心。故答案为C。
7．句意：然而，这些想法很快就消失了。A. appeared出现；B. disappeared消失；C. rose升高。根据后面的句子“Over the next few hours, I watched hundreds of people come through the shelter. For some, this was the only hot meal they would eat that week. For others, it was the first time to eat a Thanksgiving meal.”在接下来的几个小时里，我看到数百人从庇护所里经过。对一些人来说，这是他们那周唯一能吃的热饭。对其他人来说，这是第一次吃感恩节大餐。作者对于在收容所原本所讨厌的饭食却成了有些无家可归的人唯一能吃的热饭，思想也发生了改变，故答案为B。
8．句意：庇护所里充满了欢乐。A. stress压力；B. joy高兴；C. fear恐惧。对于那些能吃上一顿热饭，生平第一次吃到感恩节大餐的人来说一定非常开心快乐，答案为B。
9．句意：给予比接受要好得多。A. give给；B. take拿走，取走；C. waste浪费。结合前面的句子“When I gave up what I had wanted, I discovered how much I have.”当我放弃了曾经想要的东西，我发现自己也拥有了更多。因此作者感悟到“奉献比索取要好得多”，答案为A。
10．句意：最后，那次感恩节成了一次难忘的经历。A. uncomfortable不舒服的；B. unreasonable不合理的；C. unforgettable难忘的。这次经历，作者的情感得到了升华，感悟到爱的真谛，因此是一次难忘的经历。答案为C。

11．C 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．C 16．A 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．C

【分析】本文讲述了作者在德国学习德语的经历。
11．句意：语法让我很苦恼，甚至快把我逼疯了。
gave给；helped帮助；troubled折磨。根据even drove me crazy，可知，语法让作者很苦恼，都快把他逼疯了，表述过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时，所以空格处填troubled。故选C。
12．句意：我唯一的优势是拼写——我在每次单词测试中都得了A。
listening听力；spelling拼写；speaking说。根据I got an A on every word test I took，可知，作者在每次单词测试中都能得到A，可见单词拼写是他的优势，所以空格处填spelling。故选B。
13．句意：经过两年的学习，我努力用蹩脚的德语交流，并报名去德国完成我的学位。
perfect完美的；broken残缺的；beautiful漂亮的。根据struggle to communicate“挣扎着去沟通”，可见作者的德语并不流利，所以空格处填broken。故选B。
14．句意：这是我经历过的最艰难的一个学期。
hardest最艰难的；easiest最简单的；happiest最高兴的。根据I was often nervous at school, worried about whether the teachers would call on me in class and whether I'd understand their questions，可知，作者在学校经常紧张，担心老师是否在课堂上提问他，他是否明白他们的问题，由此可见，作者在德国学习的那段时期过的很艰难，所以空格处填hardest。故选A。
15．句意：我在大学学的德语在日常会话中并不实用。
useless无用的；meaningless无意义的；practical实用性的。根据My book knowledge fell by the wayside，可知，书本上的知识半途而废了，之前所学的德语并不实用，所以空格处填practical。故选C。
16．句意：我只有在八个室友面前会放松一点，他们愿意和我慢慢说德语，似乎不介意我的错误。
relaxed放松；feared害怕；wondered想知道。根据who were willing to speak German slowly to me，可知，室友愿意慢慢地跟作者说德语，这让作者感到放松一些，没有在课堂上那么紧张，所以空格处填relaxed。故选A。
17．句意：我只有在八个室友面前会放松一点，他们愿意和我慢慢说德语，似乎不介意我的错误。
purposes目的；progress过程；mistakes错误。根据I only relaxed a little around my eight roommates, who were willing to speak German slowly to me，可知，作者在室友面前感到轻松，是因为他们愿意慢慢地跟作者说德语，并且不介意作者的错误，所以空格处填mistakes。故选C。
18．句意：老师讲得那么快，几乎他说的每一句话我都听不懂。
slowly缓慢地；quickly快速地；clearly清楚地。so…that引导结果状语从句，根据almost everything he said flew right over my head，可知，老师上课说得太快了，以至于作者一句也听不懂，所以空格处填quickly。故选B。
19．句意：我坐在前面记笔记，甚至记录他在课堂上说的每个字，但是没有任何帮助。
nothing没什么事；anything任何事；everything每件事。根据I had no idea what the class was really about，可知，尽管作者在课堂上努力地记下老师说的每个字，但这对他来说没有任何帮助，他还是听不懂课堂是讲什么内容，所以空格处填nothing。故选A。
20．句意：许多年过去了，但我仍然记得努力学习另一种语言的感觉。
creating创作；teaching教；learning学习。根据第一段As a university student, I decided to learn German，可知，整篇文章都讲的是作者学习语言的经历，所以空格处填learn。故选C。

21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．C

【分析】文章讲作者在新学校因结巴而不敢读书，布朗老是帮助作者放松，给了作者莫大的鼓励，后来作者变得不再结巴。
21．句意：我知道该怎么说，但我的嘴不管用。
eyes眼睛；hands手；mouth嘴。根据“Just open your mouth and speak!”可知此处是说嘴不管用。故选C。
22．句意：全班同学都在静静地等着我。
noisily吵闹地；silently静静地；proudly骄傲地。根据“I could even hear my heartbeats.”可知能听到心跳声，班里很安静。故选B。
23．句意：一些学生开始笑了。
suggest建议；encourage鼓励；laugh笑。根据“More of my classmates were making fun of me.”可知学生们开始笑作者了。故选C。
24．句意：但第一次总是最难的。
hardest最难的；easiest最容易的；funniest最有趣的。根据“But the first was always the ...”结合常识可知万事开头难，此处指最难的。故选A。
25．句意：为什么？
what什么；why为什么；where在哪里。根据“I had a stuttering problem.”可知此处问的是在小学经常面临这种情况的原因。故选B。
26．句意：我想说话的时候，她从不催我。
praised表扬；rushed催促；comforted安慰。根据“wait ... for me to finish my sentences”可知布朗夫人等着作者说完话，从不催作者。故选B。
27．句意：在我说话的时候，她帮助我放松，总是耐心地等我把话说完。
sadly难过地；angrily生气地；patiently有耐心地。根据“She helped me to relax when I was speaking”可知布朗夫人会帮助作者放松，应是耐心等作者说完话。故选C。
28．句意：这些简单的话语让我感到被爱和鼓励。
loved爱；hated憎恶；refused拒绝。根据“Your brain is moving too fast, and your mouth just can’t keep up!”可知布朗夫人一直在鼓励作者，这使作者感觉自己被爱。故选A。
29．句意：当我进入高中，我几乎停止结巴。
started开始；stopped停止；doubled加倍。根据“In college, I had no trouble at all.”可知作者是在往好的方面改变，此处应是几乎停止结巴了。故选B。
30．句意：作为一个孩子，我从来没有想过我会成为一名像Mrs. Brown一样的老师，把爱和关心传递给我的学生。
student学生；manager经理；teacher老师。根据“just like Mrs. Brown, passing love and care on to my students”可知作者成为了一名像Mrs. Brown一样的老师。故选C。

31．B 32．A 33．B 34．A 35．C 36．B 37．A 38．C 39．C 40．B

【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在中国吃火锅的经历。
31．句意：我很高兴有机会提高我的语言技能。
sorry遗憾的；excited兴奋的；tired疲惫的。根据“about all the chances to better my language skills,”以及全文可知，作者是喜欢中国的，此处需填入一个褒义词，B选项“excited”符合语境。be excited about“对……感到兴奋”。故选B。
32．句意：我还记得我的第一个煎饼、饺子和北京烤鸭。
still仍然；never从不；hardly几乎不。根据“Each of them was amazing in its own way.”可知，作者仍然记得煎饼、饺子和北京烤鸭。故选A。
33．句意：我迫不及待地想尝尝我研究中餐时发现的所有令人垂涎的菜肴。
heart-breaking令人心碎的；mouth-watering令人垂涎的；time-saving节省时间的。根据“One of my favorites turned out to be hotpot”可知，此处是指令人垂涎的菜肴。故选B。
34．句意：我在老北京的第一次火锅体验令人难忘。
unforgettable难忘的；unpleasant不愉快的；unlucky不幸运的。根据“As a first-timer, I was moved by the waiters’...They tried their best to introduce all of the oils and spices to me.”可知，作者觉得第一次火锅体验是难忘的。故选A。
35．句意：作为第一次来，我被服务员的友善和热情的欢迎所感动。
coldness冷漠；laziness懒惰；friendliness友好。根据“and their warmth of welcome.”可知，此处需填入一个词与“warmth”并列，C选项“friendliness”符合语境，意为“友好”。故选C。
36．句意：有些人会小心翼翼地将他们的食材一个接一个地放入火锅中。
play玩；put放置；wash洗。根据“their ingredients into the hotpot”和常识可知，是把食材放进火锅。固定短语put...into...“把……放进……”。故选B。
37．句意：你可以从人们吃火锅的方式中学到很多东西。
way方式；tool工具；price价格。根据“Some would carefully...their ingredients into the hotpot one after another. Others would impatiently put whole plates into the bubbling（冒泡的）oil.”可知，此处是指吃火锅的方式。故选A。
38．句意：回美国后，我决定为家人准备一顿火锅。
hated讨厌；refused拒绝；decided决定。根据“to prepare a hotpot meal for my family.”可知，此处是指准备了一顿火锅。固定短语decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故选C。
39．句意：它让我不仅可以分享我所了解的文化，还可以让其他人有机会像我一样体验中国。
help帮助；build建筑；experience经历。根据“My first-ever hotpot experience in Old Beijing was”以及“but also offer others a chance to...China like I had.”可知，此处是指体验中国的文化。故选C。
40．句意：火锅能给生活带来如此多的东西真是太神奇了！
jiaozi饺子；hotpot火锅；Peking duck北京烤鸭。根据“prepare a hotpot meal for my family.”可知，此处是强调火锅能给生活带来很多东西。故选B。

41．C 42．B 43．B 44．C 45．A 46．A 47．B 48．C 49．A 50．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述两年前的圣诞节，自己送给安德鲁特别的礼物，他也给了我一个看待生活的新视角。
41．句意：他感到孤独和心碎。
sunny晴朗的；outgoing外向的；lonely孤独的。根据“heartbroken”可知，安德鲁的状态不好，故选C。
42．句意：他甚至告诉我他快要放弃希望了。
writing down写下；giving up放弃；listening to听。根据“He felt that his life was a hopeless mess. He even told me that he was on the point of...hope.”可知，他觉得自己的生活一团糟，快要失去希望，故选B。
43．句意：那年圣诞节安德鲁没地方去，所以我邀请他到我父母在伦敦的家里。
stopped停止；invited邀请；refused拒绝。根据“That Christmas Andrew had no place to go, so I...him home to my parents’ house in London. ”可知，安德鲁无处可去，所以我邀请他来家里，故选B。
44．句意：我父母很高兴他和我们住在一起。
unwilling不情愿的；angry生气的；happy开心的。根据“They graciously (殷勤地) cleaned up our guest room for him and even bought him some Christmas gifts.”可知，父母对于安德鲁的到来是高兴的，故选C。
45．句意：我永远不会忘记我们到达我家的那个晚上。
forget忘记；remember记得；mention提到。根据“I’ll never...the night when we arrived at my home.”可知，不会忘记那个晚上，故选A。
46．句意：我的父母已经睡着了，但我妈妈为我们准备了晚餐和一些饼干，并给我们留了一张纸条。
note便条；book书；menu菜单。根据“But when Andrew read my mom’s note”可知，母亲留了一张便条，故选A。
47．句意：我的父母是出了名的慷慨，所以我对他们的热情欢迎并不感到惊讶。
handshake握手；welcome欢迎；conversation谈话。根据“My parents were known for their generosity (慷慨), so I wasn’t surprised by this warm...”可知，父母一向慷慨，所以对于他们对安德鲁的欢迎不惊讶，故选B。
48．句意：但当安德鲁读到妈妈的纸条，看到她所准备的一切时，他崩溃了，忍不住哭了起来。
fighting斗争；fearing害怕；crying哭泣。根据“he broke down and couldn’t help...”可知，安德鲁感动地哭了，故选C。
49．句意：从那时起，安德鲁和我都收到了我们永远珍视的礼物。
value珍视；worry担心；doubt怀疑。根据“From then on, Andrew and I both received gifts that we would...forever.”可知，安德鲁和我都收到了我们永远珍视的礼物。故选A。
50．句意：更重要的是，他给了我一个看待生活的新视角。
pitifully遗憾地；importantly重要地；painfully痛苦地。根据“More..., he gave me the gift of a new perspective (观点) on life.”可知，此处是递进关系，更重要的是安德鲁给了我一个看待生活的新视角。故选B。