高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science测试题

课时作业(十二)　单元素养提升(三)　Unit 3

　语言知识训练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．Jack kept his back ________ (按) flat against the wall.

2．We can visit your company this month or next month; our plans are fairly ________ (灵活的).

3．You have to take the top off to charge the ________ (电池).

4．The prince ________ (渴望) her to be his queen.

5．There is no ________ (证据) that the knife belonged to her.

6．It is common knowledge that the Chinese invented papermaking and ________ (火药).

7．What you need is a ________ (指南针). It can show you the way to the forest.

8．Someone who is ________ (有能力的) has the skills or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well, or is able to do most things well.

9．Unfortunately, the badly ________ (受伤的) people in the serious accident died one after another.

10．The ________ (理论) put forward by these scientists are quite reasonable.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．Virtual reality is an environment ________ (produce) by a computer and seems like reality to the person experiencing it.

2．If you press the button, this instrument can shoot a blue light ________ a wall.

3．The computer is capable of ________ (compute) complex numbers very quickly.

4．There are four great ________ (invention) in ancient China: gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass.

5．My father suffers from high blood ________ (press) and other diseases.

6．Apart from the ________ (shoot) competition, he did quite well in other sports events.

7．A chemist is a person who does scientific research ________ (connect) with chemistry.

8．We should take ________ active part in field research instead of passive participation.

9．________ instance, man has made great advances in virtual reality and wearable tech.

10．There is a biologist ________ has questioned the origin of species and the theory of natural selection.

111．Madame Curie was the first woman chemist ________ (discover) radium.

12．The astronomer wanted to find out ________ the calculation of the Gregorian calendar was entirely accurate.

13．This cure would be effective for people who were mentally ________ (injure).

14．These data are not as accurate as those ________ (obtain) from the field research.

15．Pay attention to the different vocabulary ________ (use) by astronomers, chemists, and biologists.

Ⅲ.补全句子

1．自从下过雪以后这条路一直没有清扫过。

The road ________________ since it snowed.

2．约翰是昨晚穿着他最好的衣服去参加舞会的。

____________ last night ________ John wore his best suit to the dance.

3．当人们发现自己陷入困难的冲突时，他们通常会寻求调解。

When people ________________ difficult conflicts, they often turn to mediation.

4．隶属于医科大学的那家医院在地震中被毁了。

That hospital ________________ the medical college was destroyed in the earthquake.

5．事实是这种药并不能治愈他父亲的癌症。

The fact is that the medicine can't ________________ his cancer.

　语言能力训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

As part of a $70 million program, the scientists have converted an old telescope in Arizona into a high­tech new sensor that can detect light from stars as far as 11 billion light years away. The data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) telescope could help scientists to build a model of no fewer than 35 million galaxies. “We will be making a 3D map of the universe going back 11 billion years，” Michael Levi, the DESI project director, said.

That “unseen energy”， which weirdly doesn't emit radiation, has a name. Scientists call it “dark energy”. It's got a more substantial cousin they call “dark matter”. These__dark__twins represent one of the most annoying mysteries in all of astronomy. “Dark matter and dark energy together make up about 95 percent of the total mass or energy in the universe，” Pieter van Dokkum, a Yale University astronomer, told The Daily Beast via email. But that's about as much as we know for sure, “No dark matter particle has been directly observed yet，” Francisco­Shu Kitaura, a member of the DESI team, told The Daily Beast.

The 12­foot­wide DESI telescope combines the basic structure of an older telescope, dating back to 1973, with 5，000 new fiber optic (光学的) sensors, each attached to a robotic arm that precisely positions the sensor to gaze at a particular distant galaxy. Its thousands of “eyes” twitching in different directions, DESI can scan 5，000 different galaxies every 20 minutes. Technicians began installing the new components in early 2018. Testing was wrapped up in late October.

Part of the problem is that DESI, for as wide as its high­tech gaze is, only scans half the sky and can't peer at all into the first two or three billion years of the universe's infancy. Two other new telescopes, one each in Chile and South Africa, are in development to scan the universe's darker，more distant past and to fill the gaps in the sky that DESI can't see.

1．What can the DESI telescope do?

A．Detect light from all stars in the universe.

B．Make more than $70 million for human beings.

C．Help people map more than 35 million galaxies.

D．Take the place of all the telescopes used by humans.

2．What do the underlined words “These dark twins” refer to in the second paragraph?

A．Unseen energy and dark matter.

B．Pieter van Dokkum and his cousin.

C．Francisco­Shu Kitaura and his cousin.

D．Pieter van Dokkum and Francisco­Shu Kitaura.

3．When did the special telescope come into being completely?

A．In 1973.    B．In 2018.

C．In 1962.    D．In 2007.

4．What can we know about DESI from the last paragraph?

A．It can scan most of the sky.

B．It can peer at the whole universe.

C．It has been replaced by two other telescopes.

D．It still has some weaknesses and needs improving.

B

While tech giants like Tesla and Google are working hard to perfect autonomous cars, a team of scientists in China is developing a self­driving bicycle and their results are pretty impressive.

Showcased in a short video presentation, the autonomous bicycle developed by scientists at Tsinghua University, in Beijing, can balance itself while also avoiding obstacles and obeying vocal commands. It can do all these things thanks to a revolutionary type of computer chip that combines two different architectural approaches to computing which hadn't really worked well together until now, due to communication difficulties between the two systems. However, if this self­driving bike is any indication, the Chinese seem to have solved those issues.

This autonomous bicycle is not the first of its kind—a US university has a similar project underway—but the computer chip powering it certainly is. It combines computer science­based machine learning and human brain­inspired networks, allowing it to perform several actions independently at the same time. Because the new chip, called Tianjic, allows for easy communication between its network, it can balance the bicycle, while also avoiding obstacles in its path and following a number of verbal commands.

“Using just one chip, we can demonstrate the simultaneous processing of versatile algorithms (通用算法) and models in an unmanned bicycle system, realizing real­time object detection, tracking, voice control, obstacle avoidance and balance control，” Chinese scientists from the Center for Brain Inspired Computing Research at Tsinghua University wrote in a paper. “Our study is expected to stimulate the development of AGI by paving the way for more generalized hardware platforms.”

While claims of accelerated Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)—a term used to describe artificial intelligence on a par with human intelligence—are too bold (大胆的) to be taken seriously, the new Tianjic chip is proof of the strides Chinese scientists have made in the field of artificial intelligence. They may not yet have the most advanced AI chips in the world, but if their latest achievements are any indication, they are getting there and fast.

5．What can we know about the autonomous bicycle?

A．It can run as fast as a car.

B．It can keep away from obstacles.

C．It can send out vocal commands.

D．It can repair itself without difficulty.

6．What plays an important role in the autonomous bicycle?

A．The computer chip.    　 B．The network.

C．The sensor.    　   D．The control.

7．What is the main aim of the study on the autonomous bicycle?

A．To show China's great power.

B．To stimulate the development of AGI.

C．To research functional hardware.

D．To develop the autonomous bicycle.

8．Which column of the newspaper is the text most probably taken from?

A．Society.      B．Fashion.

C．Entertainment.     D．Technology.

Ⅱ.应用文写作

假定你是李华，国庆节假期期间你到一所山区初中做了两天的志愿者。请给你的外教Mr. Brown写一封电子邮件，介绍这次活动。主要内容包括：

1．活动目的；

2．活动过程(带礼物，演节目，帮助学习等)；

3．你的收获。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Mr. Brown，

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

课时作业(十二)

层级一　语言知识训练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．pressed　2.flexible　3.batteries　4.desired　5.proof　

6．gunpowder　7.compass　8.capable　9.injured　10.theories

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．produced　2.through　3.computing　4.inventions　5.pressure　6.shooting　7.connected　8.an　9.For　10.who　11.to discover　12.whether　13.injured　14.obtained　15.used

Ⅲ.补全句子

1．hasn't been cleaned　2.It was; that　3.find themselves in　4.attached to　5.cure his father of

层级二　语言能力训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们造出了一种新型望远镜，它可以帮助人们制作出不少于3 500万个星系的模型，通过观察它们可以更好地了解宇宙。

1．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，这种新型的望远镜可以帮助人们制作出不少于3 500万个星系的模型。

2．答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。画线部分前边的三个句子提到了两个事物，一个是“unseen energy”，又可命名为“dark energy”，另一个是“dark matter”，本句中的These dark twins指的就是它们。

3．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，技术人员是在2018年初开始安装，在十月末完成对这台望远镜的测试工作的，也就是说这台望远镜诞生于2018年。

4．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的problem可知，这种望远镜仍然存在一些弱点，需要改进。

【高级语块】

no fewer than不少于；make up组成；for sure确定地；date back to追溯到

B

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清华大学的科学家将无人驾驶技术应用于自行车，发明了能自己保持平衡的“不倒翁”自行车。

5．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“...can balance itself while also avoiding obstacles and obeying vocal commands.”可知，这种自行车可以自己躲避障碍物。

6．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It can do all these things thanks to a revolutionary type of computer chip...”可知，电脑芯片在这种自动自行车中起重要的作用。

7．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Our study is expected to stimulate the development of AGI by paving the way for more generalized hardware platforms.”可知，其主要目的是促进AGI的发展。

8．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了清华大学的科学家将无人驾驶技术应用于自行车，发明了能自己保持平衡的“不倒翁”自行车。由此可知，文章出自科技专栏。

【高级语块】

due to communication difficulties由于交流困难；combine...and...把……和……相结合； pave the way for为……铺平道路； take sth. seriously认真对待……

Ⅱ.应用文写作

【思路导航】

本篇书面表达要求写一封电子邮件。文章的要点已经给出。学生除了正确书写电子邮件的格式之外，在正文中还要将所提供的要点包括进去。写作过程中注意正确使用动词的时态，注意句与句之间的过渡，可以适当发挥，使文章内容丰富生动。

One possible version：

DearMr. Brown，

I am writing to tell you about my voluntary experience during the National Day holiday to help the junior middle school students in the mountain area. I took part in a two-day voluntary activity. We brought them some gifts. On the first day we had a party and we performed some interesting programmes. On the second day, we helped them with their studies, especially English. I feel it my duty to make contributions to helping those in need.

Best wishes.

Yours，

LiHua