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外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature课后练习题
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这是一份外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature课后练习题，共19页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， B．8，5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第五单元测试
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the weather be like this afternoon?
A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Rainy.
2．What is the weather usually like in May?
A．It's colder and rainier. B．It's cooler and drier. C．It's hotter and sunnier.
3．Why did so many old people die last month?
A．It was too hot. B．It was too cold. C．They were too old.
4．What will the weather in Arizona be like in the coming week?
A．Rainy. B．Warm. C．A bit cold.
5．What's the time now?
A．8：30. B．8：00. C．9：00.
第二节(共15小题； 每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟； 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．What season is it now?
A．Summer. B．Winter. C．Autumn.
7．What does the man think the weather will be like this weekend?
A．He thinks it'll rain. B．He doesn't think it'll rain. C．He thinks it'll be cloudy.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What season is it most likely now?
A．Summer. B．Autumn. C．Spring.
9．Why did the woman come here?
A．To visit John. B．To teach skating. C．To attend a wedding.
10．Where does the man work now?
A．At Bank of America. B．At the radio station. C．In Chicago.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．Where does this conversation take place?
A．Over the telephone. B．In the woman's home. C．At an insurance company.
12．Why does the man talk to the woman?
A．To make a damage report. B．To help her rebuild her house.
C．To show honesty in his business.
13．How many points were destroyed by the storm?
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What did the woman do last weekend?
A．She went to the beach. B．She visited her parents.
C．She had a trip to the countryside.
15．Why did the woman come home so soon?
A．She was tired. B．She caught a cold. C．She had school work to do.
16．What was the weather like at the weekend?
A．Cloudy. B．Sunny. C．Rainy.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．How often do most places have earthquakes?
A．Frequently. B．Seldom. C．Regularly.
18．Which earthquake is the most talked about in the United States?
A．The one in Alabama. B．The one in Alaska. C．The one in San Francisco.
19．Why do earthquakes worry people so much?
A．Because they can't be predicted. B．Because they happen very often.
C．Because they kill more people than other disasters do.
20．What natural disaster hit Pakistan in 1970?
A．A flood and storm. B．A cyclone and tidal. C．A typhoon.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Heritage Day is around the corner, so here at Travel Ground we make a list of the top public spots for you.
※The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve
It's about 22 kilometres south of Leeudoringstad. It offers great birdwatching chances and visitors can fish in the rapids of the Vaal River surrounded by unmatched natural scenery. This park is also a favorite among mountain bikers. There are special picnic areas and various kinds of wildlife can be seen.
Price: R30 per adult and free for children
Tel: 0185819705
※The Modjadji Nature Reserve
It's close to Modjadjiskloof. It's the world's largest concentration(集中) of the Modjadji palm, and offers a perfect setting for day visitors, such as overlooking the Kruger National Park. Visitors can expect to see large games. Picnic areas are available.
Price: R10 per person
Tel: 0748340383
※The False Bay Park
It lies along Lake St Lucia's western shore and within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, which covers a 280kilometre coastline. Swimming is not allowed, but other activities such as hiking, fishing, boating on Lake St Lucia are available. There's a special picnic area where visitors can enjoy favorite amusements and seek the riches of nature.
Price: Free
Tel: 021－9752189
※The Mac Mac Pools
It's a popular picnic spot in a river which drops into some natural swimming holes. It lies in the Sabie area on the Panorama Route and there is a beautiful nature path for guests' enjoyment. This lovely walk winds its way to the base of the amazing Mac Mac Falls, which is also a great picnic spot.
Price: R30 per person
Tel: 013－7542724
21．Where will you go if you're fond of birds?
A．The Kruger National Park. B．The Mac Mac Pools.
C．The iSimangaliso Wetland Park. D．The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve.
22．Which sightseeing spot lies in a park?
A．The False Bay Park. B．Lake St Lucia.
C．The Modjadji Nature Reserve. D．The Vaal River.
23．What do the four places have in common?
A．They charge admission fees. B．They are special wildlife reserves.
C．They are nice spots for the picnic. D．They are mountain bikers' favorites.
B
Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. We go fishing, sit in the garden, have a picnic, live in the suburbs or go to the seaside. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. When joggers jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them tend to go to the park or the river.
But despite this, our children are growing up nature deprived. I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
ADHD is one of the great problems of modern childhood. One study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
We need the wild world. It is essential to our wellbeing, our health and our happiness.
24．According to the author, people enjoy ________ to seek nature.
A．running in the gym B．jogging on the street
C．shopping in the supermarket D．sitting in the garden
25．From the second paragraph, we can see that________．
A．climbing trees will certainly do good to the children
B．children probably spend less time in nature nowadays
C．adults deprive the children of their rights to approach nature
D．children tend to be happier as a result of their material satisfaction
26．In what way do people benefit from their contact with nature?
A．Children with ADHD can be cured.
B．Children's performance at school is greatly improved.
C．A garden nearby improves the quality of old people's life.
D．Problems with crime and violent behavior will easily be solved.
27．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Getting close to nature improves our life.
B．Nature can treat the children with ADHD.
C．Playing in nature reduces aggressive behaviour.
D．Human beings can not live without natural areas.
C
Mathew White, an environmental psychologist, is on a mission to give Mother Nature the respect he thinks she deserves when it comes to human health. For decades, scientists and healthcare professionals have recognized that exposure to green spaces, such as public parks or forests, is linked with lower risks of all sorts of illnesses common in the world. Experimental work has demonstrated various physiological responses that occur when people spend time in natural environments: blood pressure drops, heart rate decreases, immune function improves, and the nervous system directs the body to rest and digest.
As humans increasingly populate urbanized areas, they are spending less and less time in natural environments. But before doctors can start advising their patients to head to the nearest park, there is an important outstanding question, says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits? Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn't use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person's home, White says. But “it's not so much where you live; it's whether you use it or not.”
So he collected data to estimate what dose (剂量) of nature was needed to show benefits to a person's health. White's group found the answer he was after: Spending at least two hours in nature per week was strongly correlated with selfreports of being in good health or having high wellbeing. “I was very surprised, to be honest, ” says White, who had been expecting a much longer time. “We had no idea that such a clear threshold__of__time per week would emerge from the data.”
He was further surprised to learn that it didn't seem to matter how many trips to a park people took, so long as they got in their two hours per week. It could be a long visit one day, a couple of hourlong trips, three visits of 40 minutes, or four halfhour excursions. He and his colleagues speculate that, if nature's apparent health benefits are a result of being able to destress, then whatever pattern of green space exposure fits one's schedule is probably the best way to achieve that goal.
Healthcare recommendations for people to spend time in nature are probably years away, but the movement has begun. Several organizations around the world are working to promote awareness of nature's contribution to health. Some researchers have used the term “a dose of nature” to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. “That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health, ” says White.
28．White's research focused on ________．
A．required amount of green space B．benefits from the exposure to nature
C．necessary time length of nature visits D．physical responses to outdoor activities
29．What does the underlined phrase “threshold of time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Maximum time. B．Minimum time.
C．Adequate time. D．Average time.
30．From the last paragraph, we can infer that White ________．
A．is confident about his mission B．is willing to cooperate with others
C．has persuaded others to accept his idea D．has adopted the term for his research result
31．What's the best title for the passage?
A．Respect for Nature B．Nature as Medicine
C．A present from Nature D．A mission in Nature
D
A dragonfly barely an inch and a half long appears to be the animal world's most productive long distance traveler—flying thousands of miles over oceans as it migrates from continent to continent—according to a newly published research.
Biologists who led the study say the evidence is in the genes.They found that populations of this dragonfly, called Pantala flavescens, in Texas, eastern Canada，Japan, Korea, India, and South America, have genes so similar that there is only one likely explanation.Apparently—somehow—these insects are travelling distances that are extraordinarily long for their small size, breeding (繁殖) with each other, and creating a common worldwide gene pool.
But how do insects from different continents manage to meet and hook up？Ware says it appears to be the way their bodies have evolved. “These dragonflies have adaptations such as increased surface areas on their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.”
Dragonflies, in fact, have already been observed crossing the Indian Ocean from Asia to Africa. “They are following the weather，”says Daniel Troast, who analyzed the DNA samples in Ware's lab. “They're going from India where it's the dry season to Africa where it's the wet season, and apparently they do it once a year.”
Wetness is a must for Pantala to reproduce, and that, says Ware, is why these insects would be driven to even attempt such a dangerous trip, which she calls a “kind of suicide”．The species depends on it．While many will die on the route, as long as enough make it, the species survives.
For the moment, the details of this extraordinary insect travel are a best educated guess.Much more work is needed to bring many loose ends together.Ware and Troast hope that scientists can work on plotting those routes.
32．What proves Pantala flavescens are the world's longestdistance flyers?
A．Scientists have tracked the dragonfly across the world.
B．There are many Pantala flavescens in various continents.
C．The same dragonfly was found both in Asia and America.
D．Pantala flavescens in different continents have similar genes.
33．What helps Pantala flavescens fly over so long distance?
A．Their special body shape. B．Their ability to use wind.
C．Their small and light bodies. D．Their large and strong wings.
34．What is necessary for Pantala flavescens to reproduce?
A．Damp weather. B．Enough sunshine. C．Dry environment. D．Warm nests.
35．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．The weather. B．The insect. C．The wind. D．The trip.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Dogs, more so than almost any other domestic pets, are desperate for human eye contact. __36__ And according to a new study, that pull on the heartstrings might be exactly why dogs can give us those looks at all.
__37__ Studying the two animals is a bit like cracking open a fourlegged time capsule. A paper published in the ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences found that dogs' faces are structured for complex expression in a way that wolves' aren't.
For the study, a team looked at two muscles (the RAOL and LAOM muscles) that work together to widen and open a dog's eyes, causing them to appear bigger and more lovely, which we read as distinctly humanlike. The muscles for two short, straight lines, which connect the ring of muscle around a dog's eye to either end of the brow above. __38__ Therefore, they concluded that the origin of these complex facial expressions is after dogs splitting from wolves. Research has also shown that when dogs work these muscles, humans respond more positively. This isn't simply a coincidental love story, in which the eyes of two species just so happen to meet across a crowded planet. __39__
For a species to change quickly, a pretty powerful force must be acting on it. __40__. We connect more deeply with animals capable of making humanlike facial movements, so dogs have evolved to look like our own human babies to be selected for adoption.
A．Dogs are similar to wolves.
B．And that's where humans come in.
C．It's hard for most people to resist the shining eyes of a little dog.
D．But in the four gray wolves the researchers looked at, neither muscle was present.
E．Like the other best partnerships, this one is more likely the result of years of evolution.
F．Researchers have long been interested in the ways dogs make eye contact with humans.
G．Dogs split off from their wolf relatives—specifically, gray wolves—as many as 33, 000 years ago.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Nature Therapy
We need the tonic of wildness...At the same time that we are earnest to explore and learn all things, we require that all things be mysterious and unexplorable, that land and sea be indefinitely wild, unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable. We can never have enough of nature.
—Thoreau
One major difference between our current lifestyle and those of our evolutionary past is an increasing __41__ from natural settings with increased urbanization. But does this change have a major impact on our mental health? __42____,__a remedy for ill health or low spirits, if the means were available, would be to send someone to the quiet of the country or seashore and away from the bustle of city. The popularity of vacations to beautiful national parks, camping, outward bound, and even breaks for a picturesque walk in a __43____ greenspace to clear the mind would speak to some empirical (经验主义) __44__ that nature does soothe the savage beast. And recently, scientists have been studying the idea of nature therapy with a bit more seriousness than a dashedoff prescription (处方)for a __45____．
We are now far__46____ from the natural world of our ancestors...more than 50% of people live in urban areas (increasing to >70% by 2050), increased urbanization is associated with increased levels of mental illness, particularly anxiety and depression. Growing up in a setting correlates with a __47____ severe stress response, and exposure to greenspace __48____ correlates to a positive effect on wellbeing in a large twodecade study. Images and sounds of a natural environment can decrease stress in people exposed to negative stimuli. A large survey of mental health and neighborhood greenspace in Wisconsin showed significant correlation between the __49____ of nature and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. There are many studies showing a similar relationships between nature exposure, relaxation, and wellbeing. But how does exposure to green space help us relax and __50__， exactly?
Dr. Gregory Bratman's group at Stanford has published a couple of papers following a small group of healthy volunteers told to for a 5 kilometer walk in the San Francisco Bay area. Half walked along a busy street while the other half went for a/an __51____ walk with beautiful views of the mountains and the bay. The nature walk compared to walk along a busy street. Later, the same researchers did MRIs and measured blood flow in brain areas of healthy people who went on a 90minute walk in the same urban vs. more natural setting. They found that the nature walkers had __52____ activity in a particular brain region, the subgenual prefrontal cortex. This area of the brain is associated with rumination, or worrying on the same issues over and over, a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders.
So there we have it in a world and environment where our brains are working overtime and we think and __53__ ideas and worry, exposure to nature seems to get us out of our heads, with likely positive longitudinal benefits. In the hyperurban world to come, designing accessible, safe __54____ may help the mental health of the population, and preserving our natural landscapes to be enjoyed by our descendants will continue to be a national must. ____55____,__a prescription for a nice weekend hike could have some real measurable brain benefits.
41．A.resistance B．isolation C．interruption D．distance
42．A.Currently B．Generally C．Historically D．Fortunately
43．A.local B．imposing C．fascinating D．standard
44．A.assistance B．evidence C．belief D．approach
45．A.cycling B．swimming C．adventure D．hike
46．A.removed B．rid C．driven D．dropped
47．A.more B．less C．similar D．negative
48．A.dominantly B．lively C．merely D．significantly
49．A.exposure B．link C．availability D．necessity
50．A.tolerate B．unwind C．swing D．resolve
51．A.causal B．earnest C．upright D．scenic
52．A.reduced B．increased C．intensified D．balanced
53．A.turn on B．get over C．draw on D．roll over
54．A.communities B．facilities C．greenspaces D．transportations
55．A.In a word B．For instance C．In the meantime D．In particular
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all know how good nature can make us feel. The sound of the ocean, the smell of a forest and the way sunlight dances through 56.________ (leaf) help us to relax and think more clearly. The idea 57.________ humans own a deep biological need to connect with nature has been called “Biophilia”， 58.________ (mean) “love of life and the living world”. Yet, according to the United Nations Population Division, so far the number of us going to urban areas 59.________ (grow) sharply. By 2050, it is estimated that a shocking sixtyeight percent of the world's inhabitants will live in cities. Cities are wonderful places—full of 60.________ (excite), innovation and energy. 61.________ living in a city can be stressful. And the more we live in them, 62.________ more stress we have, leading to increases in mental illnesses 63.________ depression and loneliness. The good news is that the global science community continues to explain the medical benefits of nature on the brain. Through conducting research and sharing information with different organizations, new ideas are being carried out that encourage us 64.________ (step) out of the fast street and reconnect with nature in a 65.________ (rapid) changing world.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友John写信邀请你在即将来临的寒假一同去非洲旅游，请你用英语给John写一封回信，告诉他你愿意前往并谈谈你对行程的建议。内容包括：
1．交通方式；2.观光项目：自然风光、野生动物、当地风俗等；3.邀请他拜访自己的家乡。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear John，
I'm glad to receive your letter！________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jack, a clerk at the local bank, was wandering alone on the street.It was a cold, silent winter night.His mind was on his wife Linda, who had been in a car accident two months ago and was now lying in the hospital bed, waiting for more money for her operation.Jack had sold everything he had, and he had tried his best to borrow money from all the people and banks he could.But the real world is cruel.
A large amount of money was still needed.To Jack, it would mean a great deal of suffering to see his wife die without any help. “I have only one option left, ”Jack said to himself.Then he went to the bank, his workplace, again.For several days, he observed the bank and planned a theft.
The next day, he went to work as usual.Everything seemed normal: he joked with his workmates and helped his clients as he always did.But no one noticed that he had brought a bigger suitcase to work, instead of the small one he always carried.At 5: 00 pm, the bank closed, and the clerks and the guards had all gone home.However, at that moment, Jack was in the bathroom, and the guards didn't notice him, of course.When the noises coming from the street were replaced by silence and everything turned dark, Jack came out from the bathroom.He first cut the lines of the alarms and monitors with tools from his new suitcase.
He was all too familiar with the equipment since he had been working there for 8 years and had been studying the security system for the past 30 days.Using a special key and some other tools, he then easily opened the doors of the safes.The bank's security system wasn't very good, which allowed Jack to take a lot of money.Several minutes later, Jack left the bank with a heavy bag filled with money.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
After Jack had been gone from the bank for a while, the alarms began to ring.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
But the most unlucky man was the manager of the bank, an old man.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
第五单元测试
第一部分
听力材料：
Text 1
W: Jimmy，take this umbrella with you.
M: Why？It's a fine day，isn't it?
W: Yes，but the weatherman said it's going to rain this afternoon.
Text 2
W: What a hot day! Do you always have weather like this in May?
M: Generally it's much better than this.And I can't remember when we had such a rainy day.
Text 3
W: The temperature has reached 31℃ below zero.I can't bear it.
M: Neither can I．The newspaper says many people died last month，and 71 percent of them were over 65.
Text 4
W: Good morning，can I help you?
M: Yes，I'd like to know something about the weather in Arizona in the coming week.
W: Well，it will be fairly hot and there will be much rain.
M: I see.Thanks very much for your help.
Text 5
M: Hello.
W: Hello.Can I help you?
M: Yes，I want to know why there's no electricity.
W: Sorry，sir.There's been a power cut.
M: Well，when will it come on again?
W: It's usually off for about half an hour，so we expect it back at eight thirty.
Text 6
M: It's a beautiful day，isn't it?
W: Yes，nice and sunny.
M: It's much better than last week.It was too warm then.
W: I'm glad summer is over.I like autumn best.
M: So do I．It's neither too hot nor too cold.The sky is clear and blue.
W: It's a good time to have a picnic.Do you want to have one this weekend?
M: I'd love to，but I think it's going to rain.The weatherman said it will.
W: I don't think he's right.It hasn't rained for a week.
M: But he is usually right in his weather news.
W: I'm sure we'll have fine weather for our picnic.
Text 7
M: Lovely day，isn't it?
W: Mm，yes，it's really warm.And it's supposed to get warmer.
M: Yes，that's true.You know，though，I'm always a little sorry to see winter go.
W: Really?
M: Well，I love skating.In fact，I used to teach skating for living.
W: Oh？That sounds interesting.But what do you do now?
M: I work at Bank of America.How about you?
W: I'm with the radio station.
M: Here?
W: No，I'm from Chicago.I'm just visiting here for the wedding.
M: Oh，I see.
W: By the way，I guess I should introduce myself.I'm Kate Green.
M: Nice to meet you.My name is John Smith.
Text 8
M: Hello，Mrs. Miles.I'm from Sun Insurance.I'm visiting quite a few homes in this area actually.The storm did a lot of damage.
W: Well，you've been quick.I only phoned two days ago.
M: I know.Well，let's start here at the front，shall we？Um，you've got a lot of tiles missing off the roof.
W: Yes.The chimney was damaged as well.
M: Oh，yes.Some of the bricks have blown off.Anything else?
W: Um，you can see the bedroom window on the left was destroyed.I've just put some boards over it.
M: OK.Let's walk round to the back.
W: Here we are.
M: Goodness，that tree's fallen down right onto the fence!
W: Yes.It's a real pity.That was a lovely tree.The shed roof was damaged too，I'm afraid.
M: I see.I've got all that.I'll write up my report and we'll let you have a check as soon as possible.
Text 9
M: Hey Karen，it looks like you've got some sun this weekend.
W: Yeah，I guess so.I spent the weekend at the beach.
M: Oh，yeah，that's great.Where did you stay?
W: Some friends of my parents' live out there and they invited me for as long as I wanted to stay.
M: So what are you doing back here already?
W: Oh，I have a paper to work on，and I just couldn't do any serious studying at the beach.
M: I don't blame you.So what did you do out there？I mean besides lying out in the sun.
W: I ran slowly up and down the beach，and I played some volleyball.You know I never realized how hard it is to run on sand.I couldn't even get through a whole game before I had to sit down.
M: Did you go swimming?
W: I wanted to，but they said the water isn't warm enough for that until a couple of months from now.
M: It all sounds nice.I wish I could get away to the beach like that.
Text 10
Earthquakes are something that most people fear.There are some places which have few or no earthquakes.Most places in the world，however，have them regularly.Some places，like Iran and Guatemala have them regularly.Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.
The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906.Over 500 people died in it.The strongest one in North America was in 1964.It happened in Alaska.
Earthquakes are not the only acts of nature that people fear.Floods and tidal waves also cause people to be afraid.So do bad storms like typhoons and cyclones.Sometimes these things cause lots of deaths.In 1970，cyclone and tidal wave killed over 200，000 in Pakistan.
These kinds of things made people afraid and they are very dangerous. But they do not worry people as much as earthquakes，especially in the modern times.The reason is that we often know they are coming，we have some warning.So far，however，no sure way is known to predict an earthquake.When one comes，it is a surprise.People cannot prepare for it.
答案：
1～5 CCBAB 6～10 CACCA 11～15 BACAC
16～20 BCCAB
第二分部分
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。遗产日即将到来，因此在Travel Ground，作者为读者列出了最热门的几个可游览的景点。
21．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据※The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve部分中的“It offers great birdwatching chances”它提供了绝佳的观鸟机会，可知，如果你喜欢鸟，可以去The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve。故选D。
22．答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据※The False Bay Park部分中的“It lies along Lake St Lucia's western shore and within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, which covers a 280kilometre coastline.”它位于圣卢西亚湖的西岸，在覆盖280公里海岸线的iSimangaliso湿地公园内，可知， The False Bay Park位于一个公园内。故选A。
23．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据※The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve部分中的“There are special picnic areas”有专门的野餐区；根据※The Modjadji Nature Reserve部分中的“Picnic areas are available.”提供野餐区；根据※The False Bay Park部分中的“There's a special picnic area”有专门的野餐区；根据※The Mac Mac Pools部分中的“This lovely walk winds its way to the base of the amazing Mac Mac Falls, which is also a great picnic spot.”这条可爱的小路蜿蜒到令人惊叹的Mac Mac瀑布的基地，这也是一个野餐的好地方。可知，四个地方的共同之处是这些地方是野餐的好地方。故选C。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界，但是，现在的人们远离自然，这会有很多的坏处，作者尤其说明了接触自然较少对儿童的不良影响，是导致多动症的产生的原因。一项又一项的研究表明，与大自然接触对多动症儿童大有益处。如果经常亲近自然，则会对人们的身心都产生益处。
24．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. We go fishing, sit in the garden, have a picnic, live in the suburbs or go to the seaside. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. When joggers jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them tend to go to the park or the river.”我们大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界。我们去钓鱼，坐在花园里，野餐，住在郊区或去海边。在英国最受欢迎的休闲活动是散步。当慢跑者慢跑时，他们不会在街上跑。他们每个人都倾向于去公园或河边。可知，人们喜欢坐在花园里寻找自然。故选D。
25．答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段“But despite this, our children are growing up nature deprived. I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.”尽管如此，我们的孩子还是在大自然的剥夺中长大。我的童年是爬树度过的。如今，孩子们被剥夺了这些古老的自由，由于诸如犯罪、交通、开放空间的丧失以及关于什么对孩子最好的奇怪的新想法，也就是说，能买到的东西，而不是能找到的东西。可知，现在的孩子可能在大自然中的时间比较少了。故选B。
26．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.”当老年人接近自然时，他们的生活要明显好一些。越来越多的老年人关注的是生命的质量而不是数量。一项又一项的研究发现，花园是找到这种品质的最重要的因素。当人们与自然世界接触时，犯罪和攻击性行为的问题也会减少。可推知选C。
27．答案与解析：A 考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“We need the wild world. It is essential to our wellbeing, our health and our happiness.”我们需要野外世界。它对我们的健康和幸福至关重要。结合文章主要讲述了我们大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界，但是现在的人们远离自然，这会有很多的坏处，尤其说明了接触自然较少对儿童的不良影响是导致多动症的产生的原因。一项又一项的研究表明，与大自然接触对多动症儿童大有益处。如果经常亲近自然则会对人们的身心都产生益处。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是想说明接近自然可以改善我们的生活。故选A。
C
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应：血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中待上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。
28．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第二段的“...says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits? Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn't use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person's home, White says.”怀特说：你需要多少时间才能产生这些明显的益处？大多数将健康结果与接触自然环境联系在一起的研究没有使用公园参观的频率或持续时间，而是考虑到附近一定距离内的绿地面积，通过这句话我们可以知道对于以前大部分的研究来说，都没有研究公园的参观频率和持续时间。所以我们可以推断出，怀特的主要研究内容就是对于公园绿地的使用频率和使用时间。故选C。
29．答案与解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“‘I was very surprised, to be honest，’ says White, who had been expecting a much longer time.”“我很惊讶，怀特说，他一直期待的是更长的时间”可以知道，原本怀特是认为大家会花很多时间在大自然中，但是数据却让他大吃一惊。由此我们可以推断出人们的使用时间是非常少的。故选B。
30．答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Some researchers have used the term ‘a dose of nature’ to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. ‘That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health，’ says White.”一些研究人员用“自然剂量”来评估获得益处所需的暴露量。怀特说：“这是对自然和健康刻意医学化的语言”。可知，怀特在对于其他研究人员所得出的结论表示不赞同。可推断出怀特是更加相信自己观点的。故选A。
31．答案与解析：B 考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应：血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中待上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。故选B。
D
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种长途飞行的蜻蜓Pantala flavescens。这种蜻蜓冒险长途飞行的原因是它的繁殖需要湿润的气候。
32．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，领导这项研究的生物学家说基因就是证据。Pantala flavescens蜻蜓在不同的洲有可能留有后代，才会有相似的基因。反过来，在不同的洲有共同的基因，证明了它们曾飞到过那儿，也就证明了这种蜻蜓是长途飞行者。
33．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的These dragonflies have adaptations such as increased surface areas on their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.可知，这些蜻蜓适应性强，比如翅膀上表面积的增加，使它们能够利用风来飞行。故B项(运用风飞行的能力)正确。
34．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第五段首句中的Wetness is a must for Pantala to reproduce 可知，这种蜻蜓的繁殖必须要湿润的气候。
35．答案与解析：D 代词指代题。根据第五段内容可知，对于这种昆虫来说，这种危险的长途飞行是自杀式行为。虽然许多昆虫会死在途中，但这种物种依靠这种长途飞行生存下来。从后面一句While many will die on the route, as long as enough make it, the species survives.可知，it指上文的危险长途飞行。
第二节
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明狗狗在进化过程中，面部表情越来越像人类，这也是狗狗被人们所接受的原因。
36．答案与解析：C 根据空前“Dogs, more so than almost any other domestic pets, are desperate for human eye contact.”狗比其他宠物更渴望与人进行眼神交流。可知，下文应该也是与狗的眼神有关的内容；再根据空后“and according to a new study, that pull on the heartstrings might be exactly why dogs can give us those looks at all.”根据一项新的研究，这种牵动心弦的感觉可能正是狗狗向我们展示那些表情的原因。可知，空处应该是讲人们对狗狗的眼睛的内心感受。C.It's hard for most people to resist the shining eyes of a little dog. “对大多数人来说，很难抗拒小狗水汪汪的眼睛”符合语境，故选C。
37．答案与解析：G 根据空后“Studying the two animals is a bit like cracking open a fourlegged time capsule. A paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that dogs' faces are structured for complex expression in a way that wolves' aren't.”研究这两种动物有点像打开一个四条腿的时间胶囊。发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一篇论文发现，狗的面部结构具有复杂的表情，而狼却没有。可知，空处应该提到两种动物：狗和狼。G. Dogs split off from their wolf relatives—specifically, gray wolves—as many as 33, 000 years ago. “狗是在33000年前从它们的近亲狼中分离出来的，尤其是灰狼”中有Dogs和wolf，符合语境。故选G。
38．答案与解析：D 根据空前“The muscles for two short, straight lines, which connect the ring of muscle around a dog's eye to either end of the brow above.”肌肉为两条短直线，连接狗眼周围的肌肉圈到眉毛上方的两端。可知，空处也应该是面部表情的肌肉控制；以及空后“Therefore, they concluded that the origin of these complex facial expressions is after dogs splitting from wolves. ”因此，他们得出结论，这些复杂的面部表情的起源是在狗和狼分离之后。可推知，空处应该是讲狼的面部肌肉控制。D. But in the four gray wolves the researchers looked at, neither muscle was present. “但在研究人员观察的四头灰狼中，肌肉都不存在”讲述了狼的面部肌肉控制部位，符合语境，故选D。
39．答案与解析：E 根据空前“This isn't simply a coincidental love story, in which the eyes of two species just so happen to meet across a crowded planet. ”这并不是一个巧合的爱情故事，两个物种的眼睛在一个拥挤的星球上碰巧相遇。可推知，空处应该是这种现象的真正原因。E. Like the other best partnerships, this one is more likely the result of years of evolution.“就像其他最好的伙伴关系一样，这种关系更有可能是多年进化的结果”说明了这种现象发生的原因是物种进化，符合语境。故选E。
40．答案与解析：B 根据空后“We connect more deeply with animals capable of making humanlike facial movements, so dogs have evolved to look like our own human babies to be selected for adoption.”我们与能够做出类似人类面部动作的动物之间的联系更加深入，所以狗狗已经进化到看起来像我们自己的婴儿，可以被选择收养。可推知，空处是讲人类与狗狗进化之间的联系。B. And that's where humans come in. “这就是人类的作用所在”说明了狗狗的进化是由于人类，符合语境。故选B。
第三部分
第一节
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界……超过50%的人生活在城市地区(到2050年将增加到70%)，城市化的增加与精神疾病，尤其是焦虑和抑郁水平的增加有关。在一项长达20年的大型研究中发现，在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关，而接触绿地对幸福感有显著的积极影响。同时解释了暴露在绿色空间中可以帮助我们放松的原因。
41．答案与解析：B 考查名词。句意：我们现在的生活方式和进化过去的生活方式的一个主要区别是，随着城市化的发展，我们越来越远离自然环境。A. resistance“阻力”；B. isolation“隔离”；C. interruption“中断”；D. distance“距离”。故选B。
42．答案与解析：C 考查副词。句意：从历史上看，治疗身体不健康或情绪低落的方法，如果有方法的话，就是把人送到安静的乡村或海边，远离城市的喧嚣。A. Currently“当前”；B. Generally“通常”；C. Historically“在历史上”；D. Fortunately“幸运的是”。故选C。
43．答案与解析：A 考查形容词。句意：到美丽的国家公园度假、露营、户外活动，甚至在当地的绿地上进行一次风景如画的散步来理清思绪，这些都是很受欢迎的做法。A. local“当地的”；B. imposing“壮观的”；C. fascinating“迷人的”；D. standard“标准的”。根据上文，自然疗法是一个好方法，可以帮助我们解压，那就是去到大自然中去，去欣赏美景也好还是怎样，故选A。
44．答案与解析：B 考查名词。句意：到美丽的国家公园度假、露营、户外活动，甚至在当地的绿地上进行一次风景如画的散步来理清思绪，这些都是很受欢迎的做法。A. assistance“援助”；B. evidence“证据”；C. belief “信赖”；D. approach“接近”。根据下文“And recently, scientists have been studying the idea of nature therapy with a bit more seriousness than a dashedoff prescription (处方)for ”可知我们的祖先之前是通过自然疗法治疗一些疾病，所以他们体验过才传下来，那就是一些经验主义的证据，故选B。
45．答案与解析：D 考查动词。句意：最近，科学家们一直在认真研究自然疗法的理念，而不是匆忙开出的远足处方。A. cycling“骑行”；B. swimming“游泳”；C. adventure“冒险”；D. hike“远足”。根据语境可知科学家们一直在认真研究自然疗法的理念，而不是匆忙开出的远足处方来帮助人们治疗身体不健康或情绪低落。故选D。
46．答案与解析：A 考查形容词。句意：我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界……超过50%的人生活在城市地区(到2050年将增加到70%)，城市化的增加与精神疾病，尤其是焦虑和抑郁水平的增加有关。A. removed“远离的”；B. rid“摆脱”；C. driven“被动的”；D. dropped“下降”。根据“more than 50% of people live in urban areas (increasing to >70% by 2050)”以及第一空选项可知我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界。故选A。
47．答案与解析：B 考查形容词。句意：在一项长达20年的大型研究中发现，在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关，而接触绿地对幸福感有显著的积极影响。A. more“更多的”；B. less“更少的”；C. similar“相似的”；D. negative“消极的”。在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关。故选B。
48．答案与解析：D 考查副词。句意：在一项长达20年的大型研究中发现，在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关，而接触绿地对幸福感有显著的积极影响。A. dominantly“支配地”；B. lively“活泼的”；C. merely“仅仅”；D. significantly“显著地”。多接触大自然对我们来说是好的，所以选择一个积极色彩的程度副词，故选D。
49．答案与解析：C 考查名词。句意：威斯康星州一项关于心理健康和社区绿地的大型调查显示，大自然的可及性与较低程度的抑郁、焦虑和压力之间存在显著的相关性。A. exposure“暴露”；B. link“环节”；C. availability“可用性”；D. necessity“必然性”。对应上文的exposure to greenspace 的exposure，故选C。
50．答案与解析：B 考查动词。句意：但是，确切地说，暴露在绿色空间中如何帮助我们放松呢？A. tolerate“容忍”；B. unwind“放松”；C. swing“摇摆”；D. resolve“溶解”。选择一个跟relax相近的词，故选B。
51．答案与解析：D 考查形容词。句意：一半人在繁忙的街道上行走，另一半人则在美丽的山峦和海湾中散步。A. causal“原因的”；B. earnest“认真的”；C. upright“正直的”；D. scenic“风景优美的”。故选D。
52．答案与解析：A 考查动词。A. reduced“减少”；B. increased“增加”；C. intensified“加强”；D. balanced“平衡”。既然接触大自然是可以治疗疾病的，再根据“This area of the brain is associated with rumination, or worrying on the same issues over and over, a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders. ”应该是会让他们减少压抑感。故选A。
53．答案与解析：D 考查动词短语。句意：所以，在这个世界和环境中，我们的大脑在加班加点地工作，我们思考，反复思考，担心。接触大自然似乎让我们忘记了自己的头脑，这可能会带来积极的纵向效益。A. turn on“打开”；B. get over“克服”；C. draw on“利用”；D. roll over“翻滚”。我们会去想很多事情，而这些是让我们变压抑的原因。故选D。
54．答案与解析：C 考查名词。句意：在未来高度城市化的世界里，设计无障碍、安全的绿地可能有助于人们的心理健康，保护我们的自然景观供我们的子孙后代享用，这将继续是一个国家必须做的事情。A. communities“社区”；B. facilities“设备”；C. greenspaces“绿地”；D. transportations“交通工具”。全文都在讲greenspace 对我们的影响，故选C。
55．答案与解析：A 考查介词短语。句意：简而言之，一张周末远足的处方可能对大脑有一些可测量的好处。A. In a word“总之”；B. For instance“例如”；C. In the meantime“在此期间”；D. In particular“特别”。最后作者做出总结，(号召)大家多多接触大自然，进而减少城市化带给我们的焦虑感。故选A。
第二节
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大自然会让人感觉很好。
56．答案与解析：leaves 考查名词。leaf是可数名词，前面没有不定冠词，所以要用复数形式。故填leaves。
57．答案与解析：that 考查同位语从句。分析句子，可知此处是idea的同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，所以使用无实义，只起连接作用的连接词that引导。故填that。
58．答案与解析：meaning 考查非谓语动词。句意：人类有与自然连接的生理需要，这个观点被称为Biophilia，意为对生活和生存的世界的爱。句子的谓语是has been called，所以mean要用非谓语动词，与 Biophilia是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填meaning。
59．答案与解析：has grown 考查时态。根据时间状语so far，要用现在完成时，the number of修饰主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has grown。
60．答案与解析：excitement 考查名词。空白前面of 是介词，后面接名词，故填excitement。
61．答案与解析：But 考查连词。句意：城市是很好的地方，充满兴奋，动力和能量。但是住在城市里是有压力的。上一句和下一句是转折关系，又在句首。故填But。
62．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。句意：我们在他们那里住的越多，我们就会有越多的压力。the＋比较级，the＋比较级固定句式，“越……，就越……”。故填the。
63．答案与解析：like 考查介词。句意：我们在他们那里住的越多，我们就会有越多的压力，会导致像抑郁和孤单这样的心理疾病的增加。like作介词时意为“像”。故填like。
64．答案与解析：to step 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.固定短语，“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to step。
65．答案与解析：rapidly 考查副词。分析句子可知，空白处应填副词，用来修饰changing world，故填rapidly。
第四部分
第一节
参考范文：
DearJohn，
I'mgladtoreceiveyourletter！And I'm so excited to travel with you on winter vacation because I do believe Africa is a place full of magic and worth visiting.
First, we can meet in Hong Kong and then fly to Africa together.Maybe it's a good idea to rent a car there and drive through the tropical rainforest, across the grassland and the Sahara desert.This way, we can appreciate the unique natural scenery and experience the local customs in Africa. In our journey, we might as well get close to nature and see a variety of wild animals, such as giraffes, elephants and lions.
After the trip, would you like to visit my hometown?
Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.
Yours，
LiHua
第二节
参考范文：
AfterJackhadbeengonefromthebankforawhile, thealarmsbegantoring. The police arrived at the bank very quickly, only to find no one there.The next day was a really special day for the town, which was filled with newspaper and TV reporters covering the strange theft. The clerks at the bank were busy discussing the case, of course，including Jack. The police could only promise to catch the thieves as soon as possible, even though no clues had been found yet.
Butthemostunluckymanwasthemanagerofthebank, anoldman. He seemed to be the only person to blame and was removed from his position.At last, with enough money for her operation, Jack's wife was saved.However, Jack felt guilty about the manager of the bank. He could not forget what he had done to the old man. His guilt deepened as time went by. Finally, he turned himself in to the police and accepted his punishment.
第五单元测试
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the weather be like this afternoon?
A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Rainy.
2．What is the weather usually like in May?
A．It's colder and rainier. B．It's cooler and drier. C．It's hotter and sunnier.
3．Why did so many old people die last month?
A．It was too hot. B．It was too cold. C．They were too old.
4．What will the weather in Arizona be like in the coming week?
A．Rainy. B．Warm. C．A bit cold.
5．What's the time now?
A．8：30. B．8：00. C．9：00.
第二节(共15小题； 每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟； 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．What season is it now?
A．Summer. B．Winter. C．Autumn.
7．What does the man think the weather will be like this weekend?
A．He thinks it'll rain. B．He doesn't think it'll rain. C．He thinks it'll be cloudy.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What season is it most likely now?
A．Summer. B．Autumn. C．Spring.
9．Why did the woman come here?
A．To visit John. B．To teach skating. C．To attend a wedding.
10．Where does the man work now?
A．At Bank of America. B．At the radio station. C．In Chicago.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．Where does this conversation take place?
A．Over the telephone. B．In the woman's home. C．At an insurance company.
12．Why does the man talk to the woman?
A．To make a damage report. B．To help her rebuild her house.
C．To show honesty in his business.
13．How many points were destroyed by the storm?
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What did the woman do last weekend?
A．She went to the beach. B．She visited her parents.
C．She had a trip to the countryside.
15．Why did the woman come home so soon?
A．She was tired. B．She caught a cold. C．She had school work to do.
16．What was the weather like at the weekend?
A．Cloudy. B．Sunny. C．Rainy.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．How often do most places have earthquakes?
A．Frequently. B．Seldom. C．Regularly.
18．Which earthquake is the most talked about in the United States?
A．The one in Alabama. B．The one in Alaska. C．The one in San Francisco.
19．Why do earthquakes worry people so much?
A．Because they can't be predicted. B．Because they happen very often.
C．Because they kill more people than other disasters do.
20．What natural disaster hit Pakistan in 1970?
A．A flood and storm. B．A cyclone and tidal. C．A typhoon.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Heritage Day is around the corner, so here at Travel Ground we make a list of the top public spots for you.
※The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve
It's about 22 kilometres south of Leeudoringstad. It offers great birdwatching chances and visitors can fish in the rapids of the Vaal River surrounded by unmatched natural scenery. This park is also a favorite among mountain bikers. There are special picnic areas and various kinds of wildlife can be seen.
Price: R30 per adult and free for children
Tel: 0185819705
※The Modjadji Nature Reserve
It's close to Modjadjiskloof. It's the world's largest concentration(集中) of the Modjadji palm, and offers a perfect setting for day visitors, such as overlooking the Kruger National Park. Visitors can expect to see large games. Picnic areas are available.
Price: R10 per person
Tel: 0748340383
※The False Bay Park
It lies along Lake St Lucia's western shore and within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, which covers a 280kilometre coastline. Swimming is not allowed, but other activities such as hiking, fishing, boating on Lake St Lucia are available. There's a special picnic area where visitors can enjoy favorite amusements and seek the riches of nature.
Price: Free
Tel: 021－9752189
※The Mac Mac Pools
It's a popular picnic spot in a river which drops into some natural swimming holes. It lies in the Sabie area on the Panorama Route and there is a beautiful nature path for guests' enjoyment. This lovely walk winds its way to the base of the amazing Mac Mac Falls, which is also a great picnic spot.
Price: R30 per person
Tel: 013－7542724
21．Where will you go if you're fond of birds?
A．The Kruger National Park. B．The Mac Mac Pools.
C．The iSimangaliso Wetland Park. D．The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve.
22．Which sightseeing spot lies in a park?
A．The False Bay Park. B．Lake St Lucia.
C．The Modjadji Nature Reserve. D．The Vaal River.
23．What do the four places have in common?
A．They charge admission fees. B．They are special wildlife reserves.
C．They are nice spots for the picnic. D．They are mountain bikers' favorites.
B
Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. We go fishing, sit in the garden, have a picnic, live in the suburbs or go to the seaside. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. When joggers jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them tend to go to the park or the river.
But despite this, our children are growing up nature deprived. I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
ADHD is one of the great problems of modern childhood. One study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
We need the wild world. It is essential to our wellbeing, our health and our happiness.
24．According to the author, people enjoy ________ to seek nature.
A．running in the gym B．jogging on the street
C．shopping in the supermarket D．sitting in the garden
25．From the second paragraph, we can see that________．
A．climbing trees will certainly do good to the children
B．children probably spend less time in nature nowadays
C．adults deprive the children of their rights to approach nature
D．children tend to be happier as a result of their material satisfaction
26．In what way do people benefit from their contact with nature?
A．Children with ADHD can be cured.
B．Children's performance at school is greatly improved.
C．A garden nearby improves the quality of old people's life.
D．Problems with crime and violent behavior will easily be solved.
27．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Getting close to nature improves our life.
B．Nature can treat the children with ADHD.
C．Playing in nature reduces aggressive behaviour.
D．Human beings can not live without natural areas.
C
Mathew White, an environmental psychologist, is on a mission to give Mother Nature the respect he thinks she deserves when it comes to human health. For decades, scientists and healthcare professionals have recognized that exposure to green spaces, such as public parks or forests, is linked with lower risks of all sorts of illnesses common in the world. Experimental work has demonstrated various physiological responses that occur when people spend time in natural environments: blood pressure drops, heart rate decreases, immune function improves, and the nervous system directs the body to rest and digest.
As humans increasingly populate urbanized areas, they are spending less and less time in natural environments. But before doctors can start advising their patients to head to the nearest park, there is an important outstanding question, says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits? Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn't use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person's home, White says. But “it's not so much where you live; it's whether you use it or not.”
So he collected data to estimate what dose (剂量) of nature was needed to show benefits to a person's health. White's group found the answer he was after: Spending at least two hours in nature per week was strongly correlated with selfreports of being in good health or having high wellbeing. “I was very surprised, to be honest, ” says White, who had been expecting a much longer time. “We had no idea that such a clear threshold__of__time per week would emerge from the data.”
He was further surprised to learn that it didn't seem to matter how many trips to a park people took, so long as they got in their two hours per week. It could be a long visit one day, a couple of hourlong trips, three visits of 40 minutes, or four halfhour excursions. He and his colleagues speculate that, if nature's apparent health benefits are a result of being able to destress, then whatever pattern of green space exposure fits one's schedule is probably the best way to achieve that goal.
Healthcare recommendations for people to spend time in nature are probably years away, but the movement has begun. Several organizations around the world are working to promote awareness of nature's contribution to health. Some researchers have used the term “a dose of nature” to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. “That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health, ” says White.
28．White's research focused on ________．
A．required amount of green space B．benefits from the exposure to nature
C．necessary time length of nature visits D．physical responses to outdoor activities
29．What does the underlined phrase “threshold of time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Maximum time. B．Minimum time.
C．Adequate time. D．Average time.
30．From the last paragraph, we can infer that White ________．
A．is confident about his mission B．is willing to cooperate with others
C．has persuaded others to accept his idea D．has adopted the term for his research result
31．What's the best title for the passage?
A．Respect for Nature B．Nature as Medicine
C．A present from Nature D．A mission in Nature
D
A dragonfly barely an inch and a half long appears to be the animal world's most productive long distance traveler—flying thousands of miles over oceans as it migrates from continent to continent—according to a newly published research.
Biologists who led the study say the evidence is in the genes.They found that populations of this dragonfly, called Pantala flavescens, in Texas, eastern Canada，Japan, Korea, India, and South America, have genes so similar that there is only one likely explanation.Apparently—somehow—these insects are travelling distances that are extraordinarily long for their small size, breeding (繁殖) with each other, and creating a common worldwide gene pool.
But how do insects from different continents manage to meet and hook up？Ware says it appears to be the way their bodies have evolved. “These dragonflies have adaptations such as increased surface areas on their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.”
Dragonflies, in fact, have already been observed crossing the Indian Ocean from Asia to Africa. “They are following the weather，”says Daniel Troast, who analyzed the DNA samples in Ware's lab. “They're going from India where it's the dry season to Africa where it's the wet season, and apparently they do it once a year.”
Wetness is a must for Pantala to reproduce, and that, says Ware, is why these insects would be driven to even attempt such a dangerous trip, which she calls a “kind of suicide”．The species depends on it．While many will die on the route, as long as enough make it, the species survives.
For the moment, the details of this extraordinary insect travel are a best educated guess.Much more work is needed to bring many loose ends together.Ware and Troast hope that scientists can work on plotting those routes.
32．What proves Pantala flavescens are the world's longestdistance flyers?
A．Scientists have tracked the dragonfly across the world.
B．There are many Pantala flavescens in various continents.
C．The same dragonfly was found both in Asia and America.
D．Pantala flavescens in different continents have similar genes.
33．What helps Pantala flavescens fly over so long distance?
A．Their special body shape. B．Their ability to use wind.
C．Their small and light bodies. D．Their large and strong wings.
34．What is necessary for Pantala flavescens to reproduce?
A．Damp weather. B．Enough sunshine. C．Dry environment. D．Warm nests.
35．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．The weather. B．The insect. C．The wind. D．The trip.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Dogs, more so than almost any other domestic pets, are desperate for human eye contact. __36__ And according to a new study, that pull on the heartstrings might be exactly why dogs can give us those looks at all.
__37__ Studying the two animals is a bit like cracking open a fourlegged time capsule. A paper published in the ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences found that dogs' faces are structured for complex expression in a way that wolves' aren't.
For the study, a team looked at two muscles (the RAOL and LAOM muscles) that work together to widen and open a dog's eyes, causing them to appear bigger and more lovely, which we read as distinctly humanlike. The muscles for two short, straight lines, which connect the ring of muscle around a dog's eye to either end of the brow above. __38__ Therefore, they concluded that the origin of these complex facial expressions is after dogs splitting from wolves. Research has also shown that when dogs work these muscles, humans respond more positively. This isn't simply a coincidental love story, in which the eyes of two species just so happen to meet across a crowded planet. __39__
For a species to change quickly, a pretty powerful force must be acting on it. __40__. We connect more deeply with animals capable of making humanlike facial movements, so dogs have evolved to look like our own human babies to be selected for adoption.
A．Dogs are similar to wolves.
B．And that's where humans come in.
C．It's hard for most people to resist the shining eyes of a little dog.
D．But in the four gray wolves the researchers looked at, neither muscle was present.
E．Like the other best partnerships, this one is more likely the result of years of evolution.
F．Researchers have long been interested in the ways dogs make eye contact with humans.
G．Dogs split off from their wolf relatives—specifically, gray wolves—as many as 33, 000 years ago.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Nature Therapy
We need the tonic of wildness...At the same time that we are earnest to explore and learn all things, we require that all things be mysterious and unexplorable, that land and sea be indefinitely wild, unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable. We can never have enough of nature.
—Thoreau
One major difference between our current lifestyle and those of our evolutionary past is an increasing __41__ from natural settings with increased urbanization. But does this change have a major impact on our mental health? __42____,__a remedy for ill health or low spirits, if the means were available, would be to send someone to the quiet of the country or seashore and away from the bustle of city. The popularity of vacations to beautiful national parks, camping, outward bound, and even breaks for a picturesque walk in a __43____ greenspace to clear the mind would speak to some empirical (经验主义) __44__ that nature does soothe the savage beast. And recently, scientists have been studying the idea of nature therapy with a bit more seriousness than a dashedoff prescription (处方)for a __45____．
We are now far__46____ from the natural world of our ancestors...more than 50% of people live in urban areas (increasing to >70% by 2050), increased urbanization is associated with increased levels of mental illness, particularly anxiety and depression. Growing up in a setting correlates with a __47____ severe stress response, and exposure to greenspace __48____ correlates to a positive effect on wellbeing in a large twodecade study. Images and sounds of a natural environment can decrease stress in people exposed to negative stimuli. A large survey of mental health and neighborhood greenspace in Wisconsin showed significant correlation between the __49____ of nature and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. There are many studies showing a similar relationships between nature exposure, relaxation, and wellbeing. But how does exposure to green space help us relax and __50__， exactly?
Dr. Gregory Bratman's group at Stanford has published a couple of papers following a small group of healthy volunteers told to for a 5 kilometer walk in the San Francisco Bay area. Half walked along a busy street while the other half went for a/an __51____ walk with beautiful views of the mountains and the bay. The nature walk compared to walk along a busy street. Later, the same researchers did MRIs and measured blood flow in brain areas of healthy people who went on a 90minute walk in the same urban vs. more natural setting. They found that the nature walkers had __52____ activity in a particular brain region, the subgenual prefrontal cortex. This area of the brain is associated with rumination, or worrying on the same issues over and over, a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders.
So there we have it in a world and environment where our brains are working overtime and we think and __53__ ideas and worry, exposure to nature seems to get us out of our heads, with likely positive longitudinal benefits. In the hyperurban world to come, designing accessible, safe __54____ may help the mental health of the population, and preserving our natural landscapes to be enjoyed by our descendants will continue to be a national must. ____55____,__a prescription for a nice weekend hike could have some real measurable brain benefits.
41．A.resistance B．isolation C．interruption D．distance
42．A.Currently B．Generally C．Historically D．Fortunately
43．A.local B．imposing C．fascinating D．standard
44．A.assistance B．evidence C．belief D．approach
45．A.cycling B．swimming C．adventure D．hike
46．A.removed B．rid C．driven D．dropped
47．A.more B．less C．similar D．negative
48．A.dominantly B．lively C．merely D．significantly
49．A.exposure B．link C．availability D．necessity
50．A.tolerate B．unwind C．swing D．resolve
51．A.causal B．earnest C．upright D．scenic
52．A.reduced B．increased C．intensified D．balanced
53．A.turn on B．get over C．draw on D．roll over
54．A.communities B．facilities C．greenspaces D．transportations
55．A.In a word B．For instance C．In the meantime D．In particular
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all know how good nature can make us feel. The sound of the ocean, the smell of a forest and the way sunlight dances through 56.________ (leaf) help us to relax and think more clearly. The idea 57.________ humans own a deep biological need to connect with nature has been called “Biophilia”， 58.________ (mean) “love of life and the living world”. Yet, according to the United Nations Population Division, so far the number of us going to urban areas 59.________ (grow) sharply. By 2050, it is estimated that a shocking sixtyeight percent of the world's inhabitants will live in cities. Cities are wonderful places—full of 60.________ (excite), innovation and energy. 61.________ living in a city can be stressful. And the more we live in them, 62.________ more stress we have, leading to increases in mental illnesses 63.________ depression and loneliness. The good news is that the global science community continues to explain the medical benefits of nature on the brain. Through conducting research and sharing information with different organizations, new ideas are being carried out that encourage us 64.________ (step) out of the fast street and reconnect with nature in a 65.________ (rapid) changing world.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友John写信邀请你在即将来临的寒假一同去非洲旅游，请你用英语给John写一封回信，告诉他你愿意前往并谈谈你对行程的建议。内容包括：
1．交通方式；2.观光项目：自然风光、野生动物、当地风俗等；3.邀请他拜访自己的家乡。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear John，
I'm glad to receive your letter！________________________________________________________________________
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Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jack, a clerk at the local bank, was wandering alone on the street.It was a cold, silent winter night.His mind was on his wife Linda, who had been in a car accident two months ago and was now lying in the hospital bed, waiting for more money for her operation.Jack had sold everything he had, and he had tried his best to borrow money from all the people and banks he could.But the real world is cruel.
A large amount of money was still needed.To Jack, it would mean a great deal of suffering to see his wife die without any help. “I have only one option left, ”Jack said to himself.Then he went to the bank, his workplace, again.For several days, he observed the bank and planned a theft.
The next day, he went to work as usual.Everything seemed normal: he joked with his workmates and helped his clients as he always did.But no one noticed that he had brought a bigger suitcase to work, instead of the small one he always carried.At 5: 00 pm, the bank closed, and the clerks and the guards had all gone home.However, at that moment, Jack was in the bathroom, and the guards didn't notice him, of course.When the noises coming from the street were replaced by silence and everything turned dark, Jack came out from the bathroom.He first cut the lines of the alarms and monitors with tools from his new suitcase.
He was all too familiar with the equipment since he had been working there for 8 years and had been studying the security system for the past 30 days.Using a special key and some other tools, he then easily opened the doors of the safes.The bank's security system wasn't very good, which allowed Jack to take a lot of money.Several minutes later, Jack left the bank with a heavy bag filled with money.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
After Jack had been gone from the bank for a while, the alarms began to ring.________________________________________________________________________
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But the most unlucky man was the manager of the bank, an old man.________________________________________________________________________
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第五单元测试
第一部分
听力材料：
Text 1
W: Jimmy，take this umbrella with you.
M: Why？It's a fine day，isn't it?
W: Yes，but the weatherman said it's going to rain this afternoon.
Text 2
W: What a hot day! Do you always have weather like this in May?
M: Generally it's much better than this.And I can't remember when we had such a rainy day.
Text 3
W: The temperature has reached 31℃ below zero.I can't bear it.
M: Neither can I．The newspaper says many people died last month，and 71 percent of them were over 65.
Text 4
W: Good morning，can I help you?
M: Yes，I'd like to know something about the weather in Arizona in the coming week.
W: Well，it will be fairly hot and there will be much rain.
M: I see.Thanks very much for your help.
Text 5
M: Hello.
W: Hello.Can I help you?
M: Yes，I want to know why there's no electricity.
W: Sorry，sir.There's been a power cut.
M: Well，when will it come on again?
W: It's usually off for about half an hour，so we expect it back at eight thirty.
Text 6
M: It's a beautiful day，isn't it?
W: Yes，nice and sunny.
M: It's much better than last week.It was too warm then.
W: I'm glad summer is over.I like autumn best.
M: So do I．It's neither too hot nor too cold.The sky is clear and blue.
W: It's a good time to have a picnic.Do you want to have one this weekend?
M: I'd love to，but I think it's going to rain.The weatherman said it will.
W: I don't think he's right.It hasn't rained for a week.
M: But he is usually right in his weather news.
W: I'm sure we'll have fine weather for our picnic.
Text 7
M: Lovely day，isn't it?
W: Mm，yes，it's really warm.And it's supposed to get warmer.
M: Yes，that's true.You know，though，I'm always a little sorry to see winter go.
W: Really?
M: Well，I love skating.In fact，I used to teach skating for living.
W: Oh？That sounds interesting.But what do you do now?
M: I work at Bank of America.How about you?
W: I'm with the radio station.
M: Here?
W: No，I'm from Chicago.I'm just visiting here for the wedding.
M: Oh，I see.
W: By the way，I guess I should introduce myself.I'm Kate Green.
M: Nice to meet you.My name is John Smith.
Text 8
M: Hello，Mrs. Miles.I'm from Sun Insurance.I'm visiting quite a few homes in this area actually.The storm did a lot of damage.
W: Well，you've been quick.I only phoned two days ago.
M: I know.Well，let's start here at the front，shall we？Um，you've got a lot of tiles missing off the roof.
W: Yes.The chimney was damaged as well.
M: Oh，yes.Some of the bricks have blown off.Anything else?
W: Um，you can see the bedroom window on the left was destroyed.I've just put some boards over it.
M: OK.Let's walk round to the back.
W: Here we are.
M: Goodness，that tree's fallen down right onto the fence!
W: Yes.It's a real pity.That was a lovely tree.The shed roof was damaged too，I'm afraid.
M: I see.I've got all that.I'll write up my report and we'll let you have a check as soon as possible.
Text 9
M: Hey Karen，it looks like you've got some sun this weekend.
W: Yeah，I guess so.I spent the weekend at the beach.
M: Oh，yeah，that's great.Where did you stay?
W: Some friends of my parents' live out there and they invited me for as long as I wanted to stay.
M: So what are you doing back here already?
W: Oh，I have a paper to work on，and I just couldn't do any serious studying at the beach.
M: I don't blame you.So what did you do out there？I mean besides lying out in the sun.
W: I ran slowly up and down the beach，and I played some volleyball.You know I never realized how hard it is to run on sand.I couldn't even get through a whole game before I had to sit down.
M: Did you go swimming?
W: I wanted to，but they said the water isn't warm enough for that until a couple of months from now.
M: It all sounds nice.I wish I could get away to the beach like that.
Text 10
Earthquakes are something that most people fear.There are some places which have few or no earthquakes.Most places in the world，however，have them regularly.Some places，like Iran and Guatemala have them regularly.Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.
The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906.Over 500 people died in it.The strongest one in North America was in 1964.It happened in Alaska.
Earthquakes are not the only acts of nature that people fear.Floods and tidal waves also cause people to be afraid.So do bad storms like typhoons and cyclones.Sometimes these things cause lots of deaths.In 1970，cyclone and tidal wave killed over 200，000 in Pakistan.
These kinds of things made people afraid and they are very dangerous. But they do not worry people as much as earthquakes，especially in the modern times.The reason is that we often know they are coming，we have some warning.So far，however，no sure way is known to predict an earthquake.When one comes，it is a surprise.People cannot prepare for it.
答案：
1～5 CCBAB 6～10 CACCA 11～15 BACAC
16～20 BCCAB
第二分部分
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。遗产日即将到来，因此在Travel Ground，作者为读者列出了最热门的几个可游览的景点。
21．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据※The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve部分中的“It offers great birdwatching chances”它提供了绝佳的观鸟机会，可知，如果你喜欢鸟，可以去The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve。故选D。
22．答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据※The False Bay Park部分中的“It lies along Lake St Lucia's western shore and within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, which covers a 280kilometre coastline.”它位于圣卢西亚湖的西岸，在覆盖280公里海岸线的iSimangaliso湿地公园内，可知， The False Bay Park位于一个公园内。故选A。
23．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据※The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve部分中的“There are special picnic areas”有专门的野餐区；根据※The Modjadji Nature Reserve部分中的“Picnic areas are available.”提供野餐区；根据※The False Bay Park部分中的“There's a special picnic area”有专门的野餐区；根据※The Mac Mac Pools部分中的“This lovely walk winds its way to the base of the amazing Mac Mac Falls, which is also a great picnic spot.”这条可爱的小路蜿蜒到令人惊叹的Mac Mac瀑布的基地，这也是一个野餐的好地方。可知，四个地方的共同之处是这些地方是野餐的好地方。故选C。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界，但是，现在的人们远离自然，这会有很多的坏处，作者尤其说明了接触自然较少对儿童的不良影响，是导致多动症的产生的原因。一项又一项的研究表明，与大自然接触对多动症儿童大有益处。如果经常亲近自然，则会对人们的身心都产生益处。
24．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. We go fishing, sit in the garden, have a picnic, live in the suburbs or go to the seaside. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. When joggers jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them tend to go to the park or the river.”我们大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界。我们去钓鱼，坐在花园里，野餐，住在郊区或去海边。在英国最受欢迎的休闲活动是散步。当慢跑者慢跑时，他们不会在街上跑。他们每个人都倾向于去公园或河边。可知，人们喜欢坐在花园里寻找自然。故选D。
25．答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段“But despite this, our children are growing up nature deprived. I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.”尽管如此，我们的孩子还是在大自然的剥夺中长大。我的童年是爬树度过的。如今，孩子们被剥夺了这些古老的自由，由于诸如犯罪、交通、开放空间的丧失以及关于什么对孩子最好的奇怪的新想法，也就是说，能买到的东西，而不是能找到的东西。可知，现在的孩子可能在大自然中的时间比较少了。故选B。
26．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.”当老年人接近自然时，他们的生活要明显好一些。越来越多的老年人关注的是生命的质量而不是数量。一项又一项的研究发现，花园是找到这种品质的最重要的因素。当人们与自然世界接触时，犯罪和攻击性行为的问题也会减少。可推知选C。
27．答案与解析：A 考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“We need the wild world. It is essential to our wellbeing, our health and our happiness.”我们需要野外世界。它对我们的健康和幸福至关重要。结合文章主要讲述了我们大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界，但是现在的人们远离自然，这会有很多的坏处，尤其说明了接触自然较少对儿童的不良影响是导致多动症的产生的原因。一项又一项的研究表明，与大自然接触对多动症儿童大有益处。如果经常亲近自然则会对人们的身心都产生益处。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是想说明接近自然可以改善我们的生活。故选A。
C
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应：血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中待上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。
28．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第二段的“...says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits? Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn't use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person's home, White says.”怀特说：你需要多少时间才能产生这些明显的益处？大多数将健康结果与接触自然环境联系在一起的研究没有使用公园参观的频率或持续时间，而是考虑到附近一定距离内的绿地面积，通过这句话我们可以知道对于以前大部分的研究来说，都没有研究公园的参观频率和持续时间。所以我们可以推断出，怀特的主要研究内容就是对于公园绿地的使用频率和使用时间。故选C。
29．答案与解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“‘I was very surprised, to be honest，’ says White, who had been expecting a much longer time.”“我很惊讶，怀特说，他一直期待的是更长的时间”可以知道，原本怀特是认为大家会花很多时间在大自然中，但是数据却让他大吃一惊。由此我们可以推断出人们的使用时间是非常少的。故选B。
30．答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Some researchers have used the term ‘a dose of nature’ to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. ‘That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health，’ says White.”一些研究人员用“自然剂量”来评估获得益处所需的暴露量。怀特说：“这是对自然和健康刻意医学化的语言”。可知，怀特在对于其他研究人员所得出的结论表示不赞同。可推断出怀特是更加相信自己观点的。故选A。
31．答案与解析：B 考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应：血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中待上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。故选B。
D
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种长途飞行的蜻蜓Pantala flavescens。这种蜻蜓冒险长途飞行的原因是它的繁殖需要湿润的气候。
32．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，领导这项研究的生物学家说基因就是证据。Pantala flavescens蜻蜓在不同的洲有可能留有后代，才会有相似的基因。反过来，在不同的洲有共同的基因，证明了它们曾飞到过那儿，也就证明了这种蜻蜓是长途飞行者。
33．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的These dragonflies have adaptations such as increased surface areas on their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.可知，这些蜻蜓适应性强，比如翅膀上表面积的增加，使它们能够利用风来飞行。故B项(运用风飞行的能力)正确。
34．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第五段首句中的Wetness is a must for Pantala to reproduce 可知，这种蜻蜓的繁殖必须要湿润的气候。
35．答案与解析：D 代词指代题。根据第五段内容可知，对于这种昆虫来说，这种危险的长途飞行是自杀式行为。虽然许多昆虫会死在途中，但这种物种依靠这种长途飞行生存下来。从后面一句While many will die on the route, as long as enough make it, the species survives.可知，it指上文的危险长途飞行。
第二节
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明狗狗在进化过程中，面部表情越来越像人类，这也是狗狗被人们所接受的原因。
36．答案与解析：C 根据空前“Dogs, more so than almost any other domestic pets, are desperate for human eye contact.”狗比其他宠物更渴望与人进行眼神交流。可知，下文应该也是与狗的眼神有关的内容；再根据空后“and according to a new study, that pull on the heartstrings might be exactly why dogs can give us those looks at all.”根据一项新的研究，这种牵动心弦的感觉可能正是狗狗向我们展示那些表情的原因。可知，空处应该是讲人们对狗狗的眼睛的内心感受。C.It's hard for most people to resist the shining eyes of a little dog. “对大多数人来说，很难抗拒小狗水汪汪的眼睛”符合语境，故选C。
37．答案与解析：G 根据空后“Studying the two animals is a bit like cracking open a fourlegged time capsule. A paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that dogs' faces are structured for complex expression in a way that wolves' aren't.”研究这两种动物有点像打开一个四条腿的时间胶囊。发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一篇论文发现，狗的面部结构具有复杂的表情，而狼却没有。可知，空处应该提到两种动物：狗和狼。G. Dogs split off from their wolf relatives—specifically, gray wolves—as many as 33, 000 years ago. “狗是在33000年前从它们的近亲狼中分离出来的，尤其是灰狼”中有Dogs和wolf，符合语境。故选G。
38．答案与解析：D 根据空前“The muscles for two short, straight lines, which connect the ring of muscle around a dog's eye to either end of the brow above.”肌肉为两条短直线，连接狗眼周围的肌肉圈到眉毛上方的两端。可知，空处也应该是面部表情的肌肉控制；以及空后“Therefore, they concluded that the origin of these complex facial expressions is after dogs splitting from wolves. ”因此，他们得出结论，这些复杂的面部表情的起源是在狗和狼分离之后。可推知，空处应该是讲狼的面部肌肉控制。D. But in the four gray wolves the researchers looked at, neither muscle was present. “但在研究人员观察的四头灰狼中，肌肉都不存在”讲述了狼的面部肌肉控制部位，符合语境，故选D。
39．答案与解析：E 根据空前“This isn't simply a coincidental love story, in which the eyes of two species just so happen to meet across a crowded planet. ”这并不是一个巧合的爱情故事，两个物种的眼睛在一个拥挤的星球上碰巧相遇。可推知，空处应该是这种现象的真正原因。E. Like the other best partnerships, this one is more likely the result of years of evolution.“就像其他最好的伙伴关系一样，这种关系更有可能是多年进化的结果”说明了这种现象发生的原因是物种进化，符合语境。故选E。
40．答案与解析：B 根据空后“We connect more deeply with animals capable of making humanlike facial movements, so dogs have evolved to look like our own human babies to be selected for adoption.”我们与能够做出类似人类面部动作的动物之间的联系更加深入，所以狗狗已经进化到看起来像我们自己的婴儿，可以被选择收养。可推知，空处是讲人类与狗狗进化之间的联系。B. And that's where humans come in. “这就是人类的作用所在”说明了狗狗的进化是由于人类，符合语境。故选B。
第三部分
第一节
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界……超过50%的人生活在城市地区(到2050年将增加到70%)，城市化的增加与精神疾病，尤其是焦虑和抑郁水平的增加有关。在一项长达20年的大型研究中发现，在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关，而接触绿地对幸福感有显著的积极影响。同时解释了暴露在绿色空间中可以帮助我们放松的原因。
41．答案与解析：B 考查名词。句意：我们现在的生活方式和进化过去的生活方式的一个主要区别是，随着城市化的发展，我们越来越远离自然环境。A. resistance“阻力”；B. isolation“隔离”；C. interruption“中断”；D. distance“距离”。故选B。
42．答案与解析：C 考查副词。句意：从历史上看，治疗身体不健康或情绪低落的方法，如果有方法的话，就是把人送到安静的乡村或海边，远离城市的喧嚣。A. Currently“当前”；B. Generally“通常”；C. Historically“在历史上”；D. Fortunately“幸运的是”。故选C。
43．答案与解析：A 考查形容词。句意：到美丽的国家公园度假、露营、户外活动，甚至在当地的绿地上进行一次风景如画的散步来理清思绪，这些都是很受欢迎的做法。A. local“当地的”；B. imposing“壮观的”；C. fascinating“迷人的”；D. standard“标准的”。根据上文，自然疗法是一个好方法，可以帮助我们解压，那就是去到大自然中去，去欣赏美景也好还是怎样，故选A。
44．答案与解析：B 考查名词。句意：到美丽的国家公园度假、露营、户外活动，甚至在当地的绿地上进行一次风景如画的散步来理清思绪，这些都是很受欢迎的做法。A. assistance“援助”；B. evidence“证据”；C. belief “信赖”；D. approach“接近”。根据下文“And recently, scientists have been studying the idea of nature therapy with a bit more seriousness than a dashedoff prescription (处方)for ”可知我们的祖先之前是通过自然疗法治疗一些疾病，所以他们体验过才传下来，那就是一些经验主义的证据，故选B。
45．答案与解析：D 考查动词。句意：最近，科学家们一直在认真研究自然疗法的理念，而不是匆忙开出的远足处方。A. cycling“骑行”；B. swimming“游泳”；C. adventure“冒险”；D. hike“远足”。根据语境可知科学家们一直在认真研究自然疗法的理念，而不是匆忙开出的远足处方来帮助人们治疗身体不健康或情绪低落。故选D。
46．答案与解析：A 考查形容词。句意：我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界……超过50%的人生活在城市地区(到2050年将增加到70%)，城市化的增加与精神疾病，尤其是焦虑和抑郁水平的增加有关。A. removed“远离的”；B. rid“摆脱”；C. driven“被动的”；D. dropped“下降”。根据“more than 50% of people live in urban areas (increasing to >70% by 2050)”以及第一空选项可知我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界。故选A。
47．答案与解析：B 考查形容词。句意：在一项长达20年的大型研究中发现，在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关，而接触绿地对幸福感有显著的积极影响。A. more“更多的”；B. less“更少的”；C. similar“相似的”；D. negative“消极的”。在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关。故选B。
48．答案与解析：D 考查副词。句意：在一项长达20年的大型研究中发现，在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关，而接触绿地对幸福感有显著的积极影响。A. dominantly“支配地”；B. lively“活泼的”；C. merely“仅仅”；D. significantly“显著地”。多接触大自然对我们来说是好的，所以选择一个积极色彩的程度副词，故选D。
49．答案与解析：C 考查名词。句意：威斯康星州一项关于心理健康和社区绿地的大型调查显示，大自然的可及性与较低程度的抑郁、焦虑和压力之间存在显著的相关性。A. exposure“暴露”；B. link“环节”；C. availability“可用性”；D. necessity“必然性”。对应上文的exposure to greenspace 的exposure，故选C。
50．答案与解析：B 考查动词。句意：但是，确切地说，暴露在绿色空间中如何帮助我们放松呢？A. tolerate“容忍”；B. unwind“放松”；C. swing“摇摆”；D. resolve“溶解”。选择一个跟relax相近的词，故选B。
51．答案与解析：D 考查形容词。句意：一半人在繁忙的街道上行走，另一半人则在美丽的山峦和海湾中散步。A. causal“原因的”；B. earnest“认真的”；C. upright“正直的”；D. scenic“风景优美的”。故选D。
52．答案与解析：A 考查动词。A. reduced“减少”；B. increased“增加”；C. intensified“加强”；D. balanced“平衡”。既然接触大自然是可以治疗疾病的，再根据“This area of the brain is associated with rumination, or worrying on the same issues over and over, a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders. ”应该是会让他们减少压抑感。故选A。
53．答案与解析：D 考查动词短语。句意：所以，在这个世界和环境中，我们的大脑在加班加点地工作，我们思考，反复思考，担心。接触大自然似乎让我们忘记了自己的头脑，这可能会带来积极的纵向效益。A. turn on“打开”；B. get over“克服”；C. draw on“利用”；D. roll over“翻滚”。我们会去想很多事情，而这些是让我们变压抑的原因。故选D。
54．答案与解析：C 考查名词。句意：在未来高度城市化的世界里，设计无障碍、安全的绿地可能有助于人们的心理健康，保护我们的自然景观供我们的子孙后代享用，这将继续是一个国家必须做的事情。A. communities“社区”；B. facilities“设备”；C. greenspaces“绿地”；D. transportations“交通工具”。全文都在讲greenspace 对我们的影响，故选C。
55．答案与解析：A 考查介词短语。句意：简而言之，一张周末远足的处方可能对大脑有一些可测量的好处。A. In a word“总之”；B. For instance“例如”；C. In the meantime“在此期间”；D. In particular“特别”。最后作者做出总结，(号召)大家多多接触大自然，进而减少城市化带给我们的焦虑感。故选A。
第二节
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大自然会让人感觉很好。
56．答案与解析：leaves 考查名词。leaf是可数名词，前面没有不定冠词，所以要用复数形式。故填leaves。
57．答案与解析：that 考查同位语从句。分析句子，可知此处是idea的同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，所以使用无实义，只起连接作用的连接词that引导。故填that。
58．答案与解析：meaning 考查非谓语动词。句意：人类有与自然连接的生理需要，这个观点被称为Biophilia，意为对生活和生存的世界的爱。句子的谓语是has been called，所以mean要用非谓语动词，与 Biophilia是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填meaning。
59．答案与解析：has grown 考查时态。根据时间状语so far，要用现在完成时，the number of修饰主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has grown。
60．答案与解析：excitement 考查名词。空白前面of 是介词，后面接名词，故填excitement。
61．答案与解析：But 考查连词。句意：城市是很好的地方，充满兴奋，动力和能量。但是住在城市里是有压力的。上一句和下一句是转折关系，又在句首。故填But。
62．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。句意：我们在他们那里住的越多，我们就会有越多的压力。the＋比较级，the＋比较级固定句式，“越……，就越……”。故填the。
63．答案与解析：like 考查介词。句意：我们在他们那里住的越多，我们就会有越多的压力，会导致像抑郁和孤单这样的心理疾病的增加。like作介词时意为“像”。故填like。
64．答案与解析：to step 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.固定短语，“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to step。
65．答案与解析：rapidly 考查副词。分析句子可知，空白处应填副词，用来修饰changing world，故填rapidly。
第四部分
第一节
参考范文：
DearJohn，
I'mgladtoreceiveyourletter！And I'm so excited to travel with you on winter vacation because I do believe Africa is a place full of magic and worth visiting.
First, we can meet in Hong Kong and then fly to Africa together.Maybe it's a good idea to rent a car there and drive through the tropical rainforest, across the grassland and the Sahara desert.This way, we can appreciate the unique natural scenery and experience the local customs in Africa. In our journey, we might as well get close to nature and see a variety of wild animals, such as giraffes, elephants and lions.
After the trip, would you like to visit my hometown?
Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.
Yours，
LiHua
第二节
参考范文：
AfterJackhadbeengonefromthebankforawhile, thealarmsbegantoring. The police arrived at the bank very quickly, only to find no one there.The next day was a really special day for the town, which was filled with newspaper and TV reporters covering the strange theft. The clerks at the bank were busy discussing the case, of course，including Jack. The police could only promise to catch the thieves as soon as possible, even though no clues had been found yet.
Butthemostunluckymanwasthemanagerofthebank, anoldman. He seemed to be the only person to blame and was removed from his position.At last, with enough money for her operation, Jack's wife was saved.However, Jack felt guilty about the manager of the bank. He could not forget what he had done to the old man. His guilt deepened as time went by. Finally, he turned himself in to the police and accepted his punishment.
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