人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land习题

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land习题，共10页。
1．________ we shuld help up a fallen ld persn r nt remains a heated tpic in China.
2．________ will be in charge f the cmpany is a mystery.
3．________ made her happy was that she wn the first prize in such an imprtant match.
4．________ he will spend his summer hliday is up t his parents.
5．________ Yuan Lngping had realised his dream f seawater rice surprised the whle wrld.
6．________ mved me mst in this film was that the by gave all his mney t the hmeless.
7．________ he will attend the meeting r nt tmrrw depends n his time schedule.
8．It is a great pity ________ a famus hst died f cancer at the age f fifty.
9．________ peple cut dwn t many trees destryed the balance f nature.
10．________ we can find a suitable slutin t prduce sufficient fd while keeping the envirnment safe is an imprtant tpic fr us t research.
11．________ wrries mst f us is that the chemicals may even cause cancer.
12．________ makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
13．It is suggested ________ the meeting shuld be put ff because f the bad weather.
14．________ yu need is a great teacher wh lets yu make mistakes.
15．It has been prved ________ eating vegetables in childhd helps t prtect yu against serius illnesses in later life.
维度2 语法与写作
1．她在会上所说的话对公司的发展非常重要。
________________________________________________________________________
t the develpment f the cmpany.
2．吃绿色蔬菜有助于增强体力，这一点已经得到证实。
________________________________________________________________________
building up strength.
3．你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．很明显，班主任对考试结果很满意。
It is bvius ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
5．孩子们最需要的是爱而不是钱和玩具。
________________________ is lve rather than mney and tys.
维度3 用适当的连接词填空
It remains unknwn 1.________ rganic fd is really better fr peple. I have searched lng and it's hard t find the answer. But I culdn't find any scientific studies t prve r disprve 2.________ rganic fd is better. 3.________ makes rganic prducts is that they are free frm the chemicals used n cnventinally grwn prducts. S, I turned my attentin t these chemicals. Mst reprts claim that these chemicals, 4.________ handled prperly and used in small amunts, are nt dangerus t humans. Althugh pesticides can be beneficial t sciety, they can als pse risks t human health and the envirnment if they are imprperly handled. 5.________ children are easily harmed by pesticide expsure is widely accepted. The effects f expsure t pesticides include pisning, eye damage and s n.
S, 6.________ I've fund is that there is n evidence that these chemicals can cause serius health prblems when handled prperly. There is n evidence that they can't either. In fact, it is true 7.________ we have t make ur wn decisins whether t buy rganic fd r nt.
维度4 语法填空
Tw scientists, Germany's Benjamin List and Sctland­brn David MacMillan, have wn the 2021 Nbel Prize in Chemistry fr 1.________ (develp) a mlecule­building (分子建构) tl that can prduce many imprtant cmpunds in a “greener” way.
The prcess f making mlecules 2.________ (require) the linking f individual atms tgether in specific psitins. This can be very slw and difficult. Fr many years, chemists nly used either cmplex enzymes (酶) 3.________ metal catalysts (催化剂). That all changed in 2000, when List and MacMillan 4.________ (independence) reprted that small rganic mlecules can be used t d the same jb.
The prcess has made the prductin f sme drugs much 5.________ (easy). It nted that an 6.________ (estimate) 35 percent f the wrld's ttal GDP, in sme way invlves chemical catalysis.
Speaking after the 7.________ (annunce), List said the award came as a “huge surprise”. He said at the beginning he did nt knw that MacMillan was wrking n the same subject, and he thught his effrt might turn ut t be, what he called, 8.________ “stupid idea”．
MacMillan said the start f his catalysis wrk was a pretty simple idea 9.________ really sparked a lt f different research. He added, “The part we're just s prud f is that yu dn't have t have huge amunts f equipment and mney 10.________ (d) fine things in chemistry.”
eq \a\vs4\al(层级二) 主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Tday, the wrld's diversity (多样性) f fd crps is quickly decreasing.But scientists arund the wrld are taking actin.They are building seed banks.At seed banks, scientists stre the seeds f many different crps.
There are nw abut 1，400 seed banks arund the wrld.Hwever, sme banks are in warm cuntries.If the electricity fails, the seeds will get t ht and die.Other seed banks are in cuntries trubled by war.Smetimes peple damage the seed banks.If this happens, valuable seeds can be lst frever!
The rganisatin Glbal Crp Diversity Trust wanted t deal with this prblem.S, they decided t build a glbal seed bank.This seed bank wuld cntain a back­up, r extra cpy, f all the wrld's seeds.Smaller seed banks wuld still cllect and keep lcal seeds.But they wuld als send cpies f their seeds t the glbal bank.
Scientists frm the Glbal Crp Diversity Trust chse the cld, snwy muntains f Svalbard, Nrway t build the glbal seed bank—the Svalbard Glbal Seed Vault (斯瓦尔巴全球种子库).Organisatins, farmers, r lcal seed banks stre their extra seeds there.And the peple wh place their seeds in the vault are the nly peple wh can take them ut.They pay t ship their seeds t Nrway, but it des nt cst them any mney t stre their seeds.The Glbal Crp Diversity Trust pays fr this.
Cary Fwler is a scientist wh heads the Glbal Crp Diversity Trust.He said, “If the Seed Vault simply supplies seed banks with cpies f seeds that thse banks lst by accident, the Seed Vault will be wrth mre than it cst.”
1．What is the purpse f building the seed banks?
A．T research n seeds.
B．T prduce new seeds.
C．T prtect crp diversity.
D．T increase the number f seeds.
2．Cmpared with ther seed banks, what is the advantage f the glbal seed bank?
A．It was built by the gvernment.
B．It is mre welcmed by farmers.
C．It is mainly used by great scientists.
D．It can prvide a gd envirnment fr seeds.
3．What can we learn abut the Svalbard Glbal Seed Vault?
A．It helps t pay the shipping cst.
B．N ne can take seeds ut f there.
C．There are n fees t stre seeds there.
D．It mainly receives seeds frm farmers.
4．What is Cary Fwler's attitude twards the Seed Vault?
A．He feels it is very imprtant.
B．He is surprised at it.
C．He thinks it csts t much.
D．He is uncertain abut it.
B
During mst time f the 1930s, the Great Plains regin was destryed by drught and high winds.Hwling acrss the Great Plains, these winds swept up the sil f the ver­farmed land and created serius sandstrms f dust.These black sandstrms were s thick that daylight seemed mre like dusk.Year after year having passed withut rain, the winds cntinued t blw, and the dust swirled endlessly.During this terrible perid, the regin came t be called the Dust Bwl.
But the causes f the sandstrms weren't just drught and winds.In a strange way, patritism (爱国主义) was partly t blame.During Wrld War Ⅰ， the US gvernment encuraged farmers t supprt the war by planting mre wheat.As farmers increased their prductin, their wn prfits increased.Fllwing the inventin f the farm tractr, farmers plwed__up thusands f acres f grassland and planted wheat.Wheat prductin rse fast, but nature sn turned success int disaster.
When the drught began, farmers didn't realise that, by plwing up the grassland, they had destryed the land's natural prtectin against sil ersin (侵蚀).As the drught cntinued, ne pwerful windstrm after anther blew acrss the Great Plains.Crps dried up and were blwn away.
Nthing grew fr years.Eventually mst f the rich tpsil (表土层) was blwn away.As years passed, all the misture (水分) in the grund disappeared, leaving even the deep rts f trees in dust.
The Great Plains became a deserted place, as thusands f peple fled t Califrnia t escape the dust and lk fr wrk.Mst fund nly lw­paying agricultural jbs.But there were thse wh refused t leave.Fr these farmers, a prgramme encuraged them t make use f new ways that wuld prtect the precius tpsil frm erding.But bringing the sil back t life tk time, and the farmers still needed rain.Rain meant mre t the farmers than it ever had befre.It meant a future.
5．Which f the fllwing is the main cause f turning the Great Plains int the Dust Bwl?
A．The land was ver­farmed.
B．The high winds blew away gd sil.
C．There was lasting drught fr years.
D．There were many thick black sandstrms.
6．What des the underlined phrase “plwed up” in the secnd paragraph mean?
A．Shw up the grassland fr farming.
B．Open up the grassland fr farming.
C．Give up the grassland fr farming.
D．Give ut the grassland t the farmers.
7．Hw is the third paragraph mainly develped?
A．By the time rder.
B．By giving examples.
C．By explring causes and effects.
D．By explaining the prcess.
8．What is mainly discussed in the last tw paragraphs?
A．Measures t be taken.
B．Future f the destryed regin.
C．Results f the disaster.
D．Peple's reactin t the disaster.
Ⅱ.七选五
Besides individual mdels wh chse t live a simple and sustainable life, a grwing number f ec­minded business are ging all ut t lead a green living culture in cmmunities.
__1__ This brand ffers shppers all srts f rganic and green living necessities, including but nt limited t spices, dry fd, raw ndles, spaghetti, bdy wash, and skincare prducts. __2__ Instead, custmers are encuraged t bring their wn cntainers when they shp.
In 2018 when Dra Lam, c­funder f slwd, gave birth t her daughter, she and her husband wndered where they culd find rganic and sustainable prducts fr the baby. __3__ Therefre, the new parents decided t set up a ne­stp envirnmentally friendly shp where residents are able t buy almst all living necessities. __4__
Accrding t Dra Lam, there are sme misunderstandings ver the price f “zer waste” prducts. Sme peple have the steretype that these prducts are expensive r even unaffrdable. Referring t the spices and fd sld at Slwd, she said they are mre ecnmical than thse sld at supermarkets. Fr example, a bttle f basil that is n sale at Slwd fr less than HK$10 ges fr abut HK$35 at supermarkets. __5__
Dra Lam hpes the cncept f zer waste culd be mre widely accepted in the future. “Everyne can help by frming easy ec­habits, such as using reusable bttles, rdering takeaway fd as less as pssible, r using less tissues.” she said.
A．This is hw Slwd came int being.
B．Saving energy is fr the Earth and the future f human beings.
C.The extra cst cmes mainly frm the bttle itself and delivery expenses.
D．Disappintedly they fund that the prducts were sld in different stres.
E．Unlike ther shps, Slwd des nt prvide single use plastic bttles r bags.
F．When invited t speak in public, she advcates sustainable and lw­carbn lifestyles.
G．Slwd, a Hng Kng based chain, pened its furth stre at Central Market in August.
Ⅲ.完形填空
The Glver kids in Newburgh, New Yrk, want t make a little extra mney themselves befre schl pens. S, earlier this week, they set up a lemnade stand n the side f the rad. __1__ was gd during the rush hur, at which pint sme plice fficers pulled up, and __2__ Whitney Glver, mther f the yung enterprisers, that sme __3__ persn had called t make cmplaints abut kids' selling lemnade.
Nw, in mst stries, that's when the plice __4__ the stand, telling kids t take a fd handling curse, and get a __5__ frm the related department. Then the children g hme cmpletely __6__， fr their enterprise is brken. But nt in this __7__. The plice fficers said the kids weren't ding anything wrng, __8__ creating a bit f a traffic jam, and their mtivatin shuld be __9__. The kids als prmised t make __10__ t their schedule t avid traffic prblems. After __11__ fr a pht with the kids, they left. Whitney psted the picture n scial media with explanatry wrds.
The __12__ stry has created a great deal f lcal __13__ and the lemnade business is nw bming. Dzens f custmers have __14__ fr lemnade. “Every single time yu buy a glass, children lk amazed by the __15__ f time and effrts t cins in their hands，” Whitney said.,
1．A.Prgress B．Business
C．Budget D．Purpse
2．A.demanded B．prpsed
C．warned D．infrmed
3．A.bitter B．generus
C．anxius D．respnsible
4．A.take ver B．leave ut
C．shut dwn D．drive away
5．A.curse B．permit
C．fund D．recrd
6．A.surprised B．frightened
C．depressed D．cnfused
7．A.cntext B．case
C．reasn D．respect
8．A.ther than B．instead f
C．as fr D．due t
9．A.managed B．prevented
C．celebrated D．reflected
10．A.cntributins B．differences
C．bjectins D．adjustments
11．A.psing B．accunting
C．preparing D．searching
12．A.refreshing B．mving
C．amusing D．cnvincing
13．A.aplgy B．change
C．supprt D．discussin
14．A.std ut B．std by
C．stpped ut D．stpped by
15．A.transfrmatin B．devtin
C．attachment D．Supplement
课时作业(十四)
层级一 课时跟踪检测
维度1
1．Whether 2.Wh 3.What 4.Where 5.That 6.What 7.Whether 8.that 9.That 10.Hw 11.What
12．Whever 13.that 14.What 15.that
维度2
1．What she said at the meeting is f great imprtance
2．It has been prved that eating green vegetables cntributes t
3．Whether yu can succeed r nt depends n hw hard yu wrk at it.
4．that the head teacher is pleased with the result f the exam
5．What kids need mst
维度3
1．whether 2.that 3.What 4.if 5.That 6.what 7.that
维度4
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2021年获得诺贝尔化学奖的两名科学家的研究成就。
1．答案与解析：develping 考查非谓语动词。句意：两位科学家，德国的Benjamin List和苏格兰出生的David MacMillan，获得了2021届诺贝尔化学奖，因为他们开发了一种能以“更绿色”的方式生产许多重要化合物的分子建构工具。空处作介词fr的宾语，应用动名词形式。
2．答案与解析：requires 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：制造分子的过程需要在特定位置将单个原子连接在一起。句子描述现在的一般性情况，应用一般现在时；主语The prcess f making mlecules是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
3．答案与解析：r 考查连词。句意：多年来，化学家只使用复合酶或者金属催化剂。结合语意，空处应填r，构成固定搭配表示“或者……或者……”。
4．答案与解析：independently 考查副词。句意：这一切都在2000年发生了变化，当时List和MacMillan独立报告称，小有机分子可以用来做同样的工作。分析句子，空处修饰动词reprted，应用副词形式作状语， independently是副词，表示“独立地”。
5．答案与解析：easier 考查形容词。句意：这个过程使一些药物的生产变得容易得多。结合语意，此处表示“更容易”，应用形容词的比较级形式作宾语补足语。
6．答案与解析：estimated 考查非谓语动词。句意：报告指出，估计世界GDP总量的35%，在某种程度上涉及化学催化作用。分析句子，空处作非谓语动词， estimate与被修饰词35 percent f the wrld's ttal GDP之间是逻辑被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。
7．答案与解析：annuncement 考查名词。句意：List在宣布后表示，该奖项是一个“巨大的惊喜”。空前出现定冠词the，空处应填名词annuncement，表示“宣布”，作介词after的宾语。
8．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。句意：他说，一开始他不知道MacMillan正在研究同一个课题，他以为他的努力可能成为他所谓的“一个愚蠢的想法”。结合语意，此处泛指一个愚蠢的想法，应用不定冠词表示泛指， stupid是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用a。
9．答案与解析：that/which 考查定语从句。句意： MacMillan说，他的催化工作的开始是一个非常简单的想法，实际上引发了许多不同的研究。分析句子，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词idea，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用that/which引导从句。
10．答案与解析：t d 考查非谓语动词。句意：他补充道：“我们引以为豪的部分是，你不必拥有大量的设备和资金就能在化学方面做出出色的成绩。”“have sth. t d”表示“有某事要去做”，强调说话人要做某事，所以空处应用不定式形式作后置定语。
层级二 主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。全球农作物多样化信托基金决定建立全球种子库，目的是解决粮食作物多样性减少的问题。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据首段可知，建立种子库是为了解决粮食作物多样性减少的问题。故选C。
2．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二、第三段可知，世界上现有的种子库由于各种原因难以保存好种子。为解决这个问题，全球农作物多样化信托基金决定建立全球种子库，该种子库可以为种子提供更好的环境。故选D。
3．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They pay t ship their seeds t Nrway, but it des nt cst them any mney t stre their seeds.The Glbal Crp Diversity Trust pays fr this.”可知，在全球种子库保存种子是不需要付费的。故选C。
4．答案与解析：A 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“If the Seed Vault simply supplies seed banks with cpies f seeds that thse banks lst by accident, the Seed Vault will be wrth mre than it cst.”可知，凯瑞·福勒认为种子库很重要。故选A。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。20世纪30年代，美国大平原地区由于过度开垦而产生了一系列环境问题，使得这片曾经的沃土沦为一片荒地。
5．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，过度开垦使大风卷走了土壤，形成了严重的沙尘暴，把大平原变成了“灰碗”。故选A。
6．答案与解析：B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“thusands f acres f grassland and planted wheat”可知，随着农用拖拉机的发明，农民开垦了数千英亩的草地，种上了小麦，由此可知画线词是指“开垦草地来种小麦”。故选B。
7．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知plwing up the grassland→destryed the land's natural prtectin against sil ersin (侵蚀)→Crps dried up and were blwn away.为因果关系，因此本段是以探究原因和结果的方法展开的。故选C。
8．答案与解析：C 段落大意题。通读最后两段内容可知，最后两段分别从环境和人类生存两个方面介绍了美国大平原地区被过度开垦后所产生的一系列后果。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了具有生态意识的企业正在社区中引领绿色生活文化， Slwd就是一个典型的例子。
1．答案与解析：G 下文“This brand ffers shppers all srts f rganic and green living necessities, including but nt limited t spices, dry fd, raw ndles, spaghetti, bdy wash, and skincare prducts.”可知下文提到的“this brand ”指的是Slwd。而选项G“Slwd, a Hng Kng based chain, pened its furth stre at Central Market in August.”就是对这个品牌的介绍，符合题意。
2．答案与解析：E 下文“Instead, custmers are encuraged t bring their wn cntainers when they shp.”根据instead可知上文的内容应该与此是相反的。选项E“Unlike ther shps, Slwd des nt prvide single use plastic bttles r bags.”符合题意。
3．答案与解析：D 下文“Therefre, the new parents decided t set up a ne-stp envirnmentally friendly shp where residents are able t buy almst all living necessities.”可知上文是原因。选项D“Disappintedly they fund that the prducts were sld in different stres.”根据因果关系，符合题意。
4．答案与解析：A 上文“Therefre, the new parents decided t set up a ne-stp envirnmentally friendly shp where residents are able t buy almst all living necessities.”可知这段是在讲Slwd 是如何产生的。选项A“This is hw Slwd came int being.”起到了总结段意的作用，是本段的中心句。
5．答案与解析：C 上文“Fr example, a bttle f basil that is n sale at Slwd fr less than HK $10 ges fr abut HK$35 at supermarkets.”可知这是在举例解释人们对“零浪费”产品的价格存在的一些误解。选项C也是在解释这个误解，为递进关系。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是“人与自我”。一群孩子摆摊卖柠檬水，有人举报，警察去了以后并没有责令孩子们撤掉摊位或者处罚他们，而是鼓励了他们的创业精神。
1．答案与解析：B 结合语境可知，在上下班高峰期生意(Business)不错。
2．答案与解析：D 根据下文中的“that sme __3__ persn had called t make cmplaints abut kids' selling lemnade.”可知，警察通知(infrmed)孩子们的母亲，有人投诉孩子们的摊位。
3．答案与解析：A 根据下文中的“make cmplaints abut kids' selling lemnade”“creating a bit f a traffic jam”可知，打电话投诉的人对孩子们在上下班高峰期摆摊感到愤愤不平。bitter在此处表示“愤愤不平的”。
4．答案与解析：C 结合语境以及下文的“Then the children g enterprise is brken”可知，通常在这时，警察会让孩子们的摊位停止营业(shut dwn)。take ver“接管”； leave ut“遗漏，不包括”； drive away “赶跑(某人)”。
5．答案与解析：B 根据空后的“frm the related department”可知， 此处表示告诉孩子们从有关部门取得一张许可证(permit)。
6．答案与解析：C 根据语境可知，(如果)孩子们的生意被迫停业，他们会很沮丧地回家。depressed“沮丧的”。
7．答案与解析：B 根据下文中的“The plice fficers said the kids weren't ding anything wrng”可推测，警察并没有让孩子们停止营业，所以此处表示上文提到的事在这种情况(case)下并没有发生。
8．答案与解析：A 除了(ther than)造成一点交通拥挤之外，孩子们并没有做错什么，而且他们的积极性应该被赞扬(celebrated)。
9．答案与解析：C celebrate在此处表示“赞扬，赞美，歌颂”。manage“管理”； prevent“阻止”； reflect“反映”。
10．答案与解析：D 结合上文提到的交通拥堵和空后的“their schedule t avid traffic prblems”可知，孩子们承诺会对营业时间作出调整(adjustments)以避免造成交通问题。
11．答案与解析：A 根据下文中的“psted the picture n scial media”可知，此处表示警察摆姿势(psing)和孩子们合照。pse“(为画像、摄影)摆好姿势”。
12．答案与解析：A 根据上文信息可知，这件事跟通常的情况不同，所以说这是一个令人耳目一新的(refreshing)故事。
13．答案与解析：C 根据下文中的“the lemnade business is nw bming”可知，孩子们得到了当地人的大力支持(supprt)。
14．答案与解析：D 人们纷纷顺路过来买柠檬水。stand ut“出色，杰出，更为重要”； stand by“袖手旁观”； stp ut“夜里很晚不回家”； stp by“顺便拜访，顺路探望”。
15．答案与解析：A 结合语境可知，此处表示孩子们看到自己的时间和努力转变为手中的硬币很惊喜。transfrmatin“转变”。