SectionⅢ　DiscoveringUsefulStructures
课后·训练提升
一、单句语法填空
1.The trees 　　　　　(blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
答案:blown
2.When I returned there,I found my bag 　　　　　(go).
答案:gone
3.Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car 　　　　　　(wash).
答案:washed
4.When we finally reached the service desk,we heard it 　　　　　　　　　(announce) that there were no more tickets left.
答案:announced
5.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog 　　　　　　(follow) them.
答案:following
二、完成句子
1.他被指控犯有网络盗窃罪。
He was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　Internet theft.
答案:charged with
2.总而言之,这是一个解决常见问题的巧妙方法。
In a word,this is a clever 　　　　　　　　　　　　a common problem.
答案:approach to
3.政府在昨天向媒体宣布了创造一百万个新工作岗位的计划。
The government yesterday 　　　　　　　　　　　　the media plans to create a million new jobs.
答案:announced to
4.他为我们花钱,真是大方。
It was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to pay for us.
答案:generous of him
5.起初他们给了我一些帮助,但帮助不大。
They gave me some help in the beginning but it did not 　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:amount to much
三、七选五阅读理解
The hit movie NottingHill begins with a famous scene.Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and pours orange juice all over her.After the bump,Grant repeatedly says,“I am so sorry.I am so sorry.”
　1　 If Roberts’ character were from Britain,then she would probably apologise repeatedly as well—even if the bump were not her fault.But this doesn’t happen in the film,as Roberts is from the US.
A report in TheTelegraph last week said that three-quarters of British people apologise when they bump into someone in the street—regardless of whether they are responsible or not.In fact,we Britons use “sorry” in many situations.For example,if we mishear someone,we say “Sorry?” The person we are talking to will also apologise by replying:“No,I am sorry!” 　2　
Life is never as simple as “duibuqi” and “meiguanxi”.
　3　 Traditionally,“sorry” was used to express deep regret,but a survey in 2017 showed that we use it to mean anything from “what” to “whatever”.
　4　 Mark Tyrell,a psychology writer in the UK,thinks our apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system.We say sorry because historically the new middle classes in Britain had to apologise for not being the working class,but also for really being the upper class.
　5　 For example,if you bump into someone,they might get angry.To avoid this,we instantly say “Sorry!”.True manners are about being considerate and the modern day hobby with apologising shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were.The word has lost some of its meaning.Do you see my point?Sorry,it might just be a British thing.
A.Why are Britons so sorry?
B.British people are sincere while saying sorry.
C.How we use “sorry” has changed.
D.Saying sorry when necessary is a good manner.
E.This can go on for up to five minutes as we compete over who is the most sorry.
F.Another theory is that we apologise to avoid confrontation (冲突).
G.His actions in this scene are very British.
答案:1~5 GECAF
四、完形填空
Did you know the distance at which two people stand when having a conversation?　1　,it varies from culture to culture.In some countries,people may stand 　2　 together,often moving their faces even closer as the conversation 　3　.Studies have shown that most Americans feel 　4　 if they stand too close to others when talking;they feel most comfortable at a 　5　 of about 50 centimetres.In still other countries,people 　6　 to have even more space than 50 centimetres between them when having a conversation.
Another social custom you will 　7　 is that Americans,like many other people,often express themselves with their 　8　 when talking.They may show 　9　 feelings by touching another person on the shoulder during a conversation,or they may 　10　 a child’s head to show their affection for the child.According to the 　11　 of some people from other countries,these expressions may be 　12　,especially if they are made with the left hand.Many Americans are left-handed;there is no special importance given to either the left or right hand in the United States;neither one shows a lack of 　13　.In all such matters,however,if the use of the hands in social 　14　 makes you feel uncomfortable,a slight hesitation on your part will usually be 　15　 by your American friends to show your feelings.
1.A.Similarly B.Luckily
C.Naturally D.Obviously
答案:D
解析:文化不同,人们站着谈话时保持的距离也显然不一样。故选D项。
2.A.far B.close
C.straight D.around
答案:B
解析:根据后面的theirfacesevencloseras可知选B项。
3.A.progresses B.ends
C.stops D.begins
答案:A
解析:根据上下文,可知随着谈话的进行,人们会把他们的脸再靠近一点。
4.A.comfortable B.satisfied
C.uncomfortable D.unfair
答案:C
解析:根据下文的toocloseto可知“美国人因靠得太近而感觉不舒服”。故选C项。
5.A.length B.distance
C.location D.gap
答案:B
解析:固定搭配atadistanceof“有……距离”。文中表示距离,故选B项。
6.A.prefer B.decide
C.refuse D.choose
答案:A
解析:根据上文,可知美国人在交谈时喜欢保持一定的距离,“still”和“evenmorespace”表明“更喜欢”,用prefer。故选A项。
7.A.see B.watch
C.notice D.find
答案:C
解析:A、B、C和D项都有“看”的意思,根据句意,此处表示“注意到……”。故选C项。
8.A.faces B.heads
C.shoulders D.hands
答案:D
解析:根据下文,可知美国人在谈话时,喜欢用手表达自己。故选D项。
9.A.embarrassed B.friendly
C.natural D.pleased
答案:B
解析:根据下文的“...toshowtheiraffectionforthechild.”可知是“showfriendlyfeelings”。故选B项。
10.A.pat B.beat
C.hit D.press
答案:A
解析:根据上下文语境可知,此处表示轻拍孩子的头表示对孩子的喜爱。故选A项。
11.A.habits B.traditions
C.cultures D.customs
答案:D
解析:habit指个人自然养成的习惯;tradition指传统或惯例;culture指文化;custom指的是一个国家、族群或团体的社会风俗习惯。此处指的是一个国家的风俗习惯。故选D项。
12.A.unnatural B.unwelcome
C.unimportant D.unusual
答案:B
解析:根据下文“iftheuse...makesyoufeeluncomfortable”可知选B项。
13.A.concern B.confidence
C.respect D.courage
答案:C
解析:根据上下文可知,在美国用左手和右手都没有表示缺乏尊重的意思。故选C项。
14.A.situations B.habits
C.clubs D.customs
答案:A
解析:根据句意,应该是在社交场合。故选A项。
15.A.refused B.ignored
C.understood D.invited
答案:C
解析:根据句意,“如果在社交场合,手的动作让你感到不舒服,你稍做犹豫通常会被你的美国朋友所理解”。故选C项。
五、语篇填空
I come from London in England,which is 1.　　　　　 very big city.Over 14 million people live in London,and it’s always busy with 2.　　　　　　　　(tourist) from other places too.So moving to a little town with only 15,000 people is a big change for me!I am living in a little countryside town in Germany at the moment.I thought I would always enjoy 3.　　　　　　(live) in a city,but it turns out there are many good things about the countryside.
In the countryside,the towns are much 4.　　　　　(small) and so everyone knows each other.That’s nice because people are very 5.　　　　　　　(friend)!At home in London,I don’t even know my neighbours!
Another nice thing about the countryside is that it is very green and there 6.　　　　　　(be) lots of fresh air.I like nature,and I’d like 7.　　　　　　(see) how the seasons change the trees.
When I walk through the little town here,it is often still and quiet,and there’s a feeling of peace 8.　　　　　 doesn’t exist(存在) in London.In London there are always people around,even in the middle of the night.
Up to now I 9.　　　　　　(be) here for over 6 months,and I have got used 10.　　　　　 the peaceful life here.
答案:1.a　2.tourists　3.living　4.smaller　5.friendly　6.is　7.to see　8.that/which　9.have been　10.to