英语必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science随堂练习题
展开一、单项选择
1.The name Victoria is German in ________. Legend has it that the ruling Regent(摄政王) was so angry at the birth of the princess, he refused to give her a royal name, so the newborn baby had to be named after her German mother, thus becoming the first person ever called Victoria in England.
A.nature B.origin C.source D.resource
2.Losing weight is a slow, ________process.
A.innocent B.abstract C.mental D.gradual
3.It’s a(n) ______ in China that all the family members get together to have a big feast on the day before the Spring Festival to celebrate the harvest of the year.
A.custom B.origin C.religion D.fashion
4.It’s the third time ________Nanjin this month.
A.that you arrived B.when you arrived
C.that you’ve arrived D.when you’ve arrived
5.In recent years, our school ______ a large number of new teachers, three fourths of whom ______ graduates from world-famous universities.
A.employed; are B.employed; is
C.has employed; is D.has employed; are
6.The couple _______ 21 years for such a moment and hope to share their joy with others now.
A.wait B.waited C.are waiting D.have waited
7.The final examination is coming; _______, I have to stop learning singing.
A.in addition B.in other words C.on the other hand D.on the contrary
8.Remember that prevention is better than _______, so brush your teeth at least twice a day and visit your dentist for regular check-ups.
A.chat B.cure C.case D.cause
9.Mike often plays basketball with his friends in his spare time._____, he takes part in voluntary activities.
A.In addition B.On the contrary C.As a result D.In fact
10.To perform this dance well, you need to keep your movements smooth and your body_____.
A.generous B.flexible C.capable D.repetitive
11.If it had an artificial _________ system for taking care of the pet daily, will you want to get one?
A.intelligence B.procedure C.determination D.disappointment
12.There is no doubt that taking exercise is good to __________ development.
A.metal B.mental C.moral D.material
13.You’ve got to say: “I don’t actually have everything I could want right now, and I’ve got to be somewhat __________.”
A.flexible B.fortunate C.financial D.ethnic
14.He had been a largely _________ vice-president and before that an unexceptional state governor.
A.active B.passive C.positive D.native
15.Farmers plant and harvest crops according to ________ calendar.
A.frank B.horrible C.passive D.lunar
16.They fight against the ________ of education because they believe it is unfair for poor people.
A.diagram B.collection C.procedure D.commercialisation
17.It is high time that you ________ importance to your academic achievements.
A.attach B.attached C.attaching D.to attach
18.This is the first time that we________ a film in the newly-built cinema together.
A.have seen B.see C.saw D.seeing
19.More than one person ________ in the accident.
A.are injured B.has been injured C.was injured D.injured
20.Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ________ wonderful performances at the concert recently.
A.has given B.have given C.is giving D.will be giving
21.What you need is a ________ plan to face everyday challenges.
A.virtual B.wearable C.flexible D.effective
22.She was worried about her son’s physical and ________ developments
A.metal B.final C.mental D.mathematics.
23.Much to our surprise, the witness’s _____ of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects.
A.account B.opinion C.instruction D.explanation
24.That was the first time I____________ face to face with the president.
A.am talking B.talk C.have talked D.had talked
25.In the past decades, some number plates _______ extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words.
A.had become B.have become C.has become D.became
26.It is the first time that I ______________such a wonderful movie.
A.has been B.had seen C.have seen D.is seeing
27.I ______ a habit of running in the morning since I was in kindergarten.
A.keep B.kept C.have kept D.had kept
28.Some international passenger flights remain________until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.
A.crashed B.conducted
C.suspended D.sustained
29.Now that we________ all the money, it’s no use turning on me and saying it’s all my fault.
A.had lost B.lost C.have lost D.lose
30.Alice is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A.is B.are C.have been D.has been
31.After Sherlock Holmes whom Doyle created in his books made him a household name, he gave up medicine and devoted himself ______ to writing.
A.apparently B.increasingly C.patiently D.entirely
32.The country life he was used to ________ greatly since last year.
A.has changed B.changing C.change D.changed
33.We _____ the problem for quite a long time, but we _____ any conclusion yet.
A.had discussed; haven’t reached
B.discussed; haven’t reached
C.have been discussing; haven’t reached
D.have discussed; haven’t been reaching
34.In the past few decades, there ______a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad.
A.was B.has been C.had been D.is
35.It was a good concert—I enjoyed the last song ______.
A.in advance B.in particular C.in panic D.in addition
36.Ever since high school he has_______journalism and now he has already become a very good journalist.
A.developed an appetite for
B.taken advantage of
C.made the best use of
D.paid more attention to
37.He publicly ________ the people who have been calling for the release of the criminal.
A.attracted B.attacked C.attached D.distracted
38.—Are you waiting for a bus from the office of the City Government?
—Yes. I arrived here at the bus stop ten minutes ago, but the bus .
A.hadn’t come B.won’t come C.didn’t come D.hasn’t come
39.Scientists ________ research in order to seek greater understanding of the brain, especially since the 1950s.
A.conducted B.have been conducted
C.have been conducting D.had conducted
40.As senior school students, we have to _______a balance between sleep and homework.
A.strike B.apply C.appeal D.conduct
第II卷(非选择题)
请点击修改第II卷的文字说明
二、根据汉语意思填写单词
41.She has recently __________ (出版) her fourth book with the Commercial Press. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
42.The young woman is operating a store of her own, so she has rather __________ (灵活的) working hours. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
43.She has taken a lot of different medicines, but none has ________(治好) her disease. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
44.Yes, the Beatles’s music has ______ (陪伴) me throughout my life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
45.How can I resist if you __________(逼迫) up against me like that? (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
46.You will not get the chance to win if you remain __________(被动的). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
47.Poor housing and family stress can affect both physical and __________(精神的) health. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
48.We are all eager to see a __________(极好的) opening ceremony of the 24th Winter Olympics. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
49.It is said that one of his sons is a very ____________(优秀的) young physician. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
50.As a responsible person, I will not let ________(小的) issues disturb my work. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
51.By signing up, you can step into the ________(虚拟的) classroom without stepping out of bed. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
52.Since 1981, World Food Day ________(采纳)a different theme each year, in order to highlight areas needed for action and provide a common focus. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
53.Listening is an active, not a(an) ________(被动的) behavior, consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
54.It was correct, but he still needed ________ (验证;证据). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
55.“Personally, I think __________ (虚拟) reality will become a part of modern life,” says Australian expert Peter Anderson.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
56.Science has ______ about (引起) many changes in our lives. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
57.There was a ___________(闪光,闪现) of light in the distance. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
58.Our course guarantees a _________(显著的) increase in your confidence in English. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
59.Of the ________ (杰出的) ladies listed below, who do you think is the most important woman of the past 100 years? (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
60.He hit his head against a ________ (金属) bar. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
61.________(小说) takes up a large part of the publishing market. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
62.He made some ________(小的) changes to the report before printing it out. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
63.Our plan should be ________ (灵活的) enough to meet the needs of everyone. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
64.The human body is __________(有能力的) of doing many things, such as jumping high, running very fast and making tools. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
65.Her trust in me______________(激励)me to do things that I had never imagined possible. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
66.I have ______(删除) the photo from my camera because I’m not satisfied with it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
67.Have you __________ (弄明白) out what is wrong with your car? (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
68.I have ______(原谅) you for your rude words, so you can leave the room. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
69.Your work has shown a ______ improvement. (显著的)(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
70.Her unhappy childhood was the ________ (起源) of her problems later in life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
三、完成句子
71.这些灾难让每个人感到悲伤和失望,但人们探索宇宙的渴望从未泯灭。
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the ________ ________ explore the universe never died.
72.在篮子里有很多苹果,其中一些苹果已经烂了。
In the basket there are quite many apples, ________.
73.上周我参观了上海,在那儿我交了几个朋友。
Last week, I visited Shanghai, ________.
74.电脑只会做你让它做的事。
A computer can only do ________.
75.事实证明,它对许多人的生活产生了积极的影响。
It has ________ a positive influence on the lives of many people.
76.Working with the medical team in Africa has ________ in her as a doctor.
在非洲与医疗队的合作使她成为一名优秀的医生。
77.老师们对这些变化表示优虑。
Teachers have ______________________ about the changes.
78.政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料使飞行器更容易飞行。
The government has already ______________ special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.
79.I’ll __________ at the meeting.
我将总结一下我们在会上所讨论的内容。
80.据说你在机器人大赛中表现很好。
It is said that ______in the robotics competition.
81.阅读是非常重要的,这一点我们从很小的时候就已经知道了。
Reading is very important, ________ since we were very young.
82.针对这一环境问题,中国正在实施重要的政策和措施来应对气候变化。
In response to this environmental issue, China is________ and measures to address climate change.
83.在过去五十年里科学进步得很快。
Science ________ rapid advances in the last fifty years.
84.近段,他已经历了一个不开心的时期。
Recently, he________ ________ ________an unhappy time.
85.全红婵为所有青少年就立了一个好榜样。
Quan Hongchan has __________ __________ __________ __________ for all teenagers.
86.现代音乐如爵士乐已经摆脱了旧的传统规则。
Modern music like jazz ________________ from the old traditional rules.
87.在过去的十年里,政府在环境保护方面没有尽到自己的职责。
In the past decade, the administration hasn’t ________ environmental conservation.
88.政府已采取措施控制通货膨胀。
The government ________________ restrain inflation.
89.他们的供应品已耗尽了。
They ________ their supplies.
90.公司向我们提供了必要的资金。
The company ________ ________ us the necessary money.
91.这些年坚守梦想所付出的努力都有了回报。
All the years of work that ________ ________ ________ the dream have ________ ________ .
92.许多人不赞成在动物身上做实验。
Many people do not like the idea of ________________.
93.此外,还有一点要说。
________________, there is one further point to make.
94.近年来,人们已经知道我们的睡眠时间在减少。
________ the amount of sleep we get is declining over the years.
95.据说他是世界上最杰出的画家。
He ________ the world has ever had.
96.工程师花费大量的时间和精力开发出色的解决方案。
Engineers spend much time and energy________.
97.埃塞俄比亚高原的人们已经适应了高海拔地区的生活。
People in Ethiopian highlands ________ at high altitudes.
98.今年,选择这一学科的学生人数减少了30%。
This year, the students who choose this subject ______.
99.Considering all he has ________ ________, he is amazingly cheerful.
经历了种种磨难,他还那么乐观,真是令人惊叹。
100.这是我第一次参观这座城市。
It is the first time that ________.
101.这是他第一次坐飞机,这使他很兴奋。
It is ________a plane, which makes him very excited.
102.这是我第一次参观这座城市。
It is the first time that I________.
103.他在比赛中表现良好,但结果却在他意料之外。
He performed well in the play but the outcome was ________.
104.我记得这是我们第三次会面了。(this is the+序数词+time...)
As far as I can remember, this is the third time __________.
105.TB is a serious illness, but it ___________.
肺结核虽然是一种严重的疾病, 但可治愈。
106.___________, I would start looking for another job.
我要是你,就会去另找工作了。
107.________ ________ ________ ________ the life of the injured man, doctors worked through the night.
医生彻夜工作以拯救伤者的生命。
108.He can ________.
他既不会读也不会写。
109.What’s ________ ________ ________ your anxiety?
你焦虑的根源是什么?
110.This problem seemed to be complex ________, but they could solve it easily.
这个问题初看起来复杂, 但是他们能够轻易解决它。
参考答案:
1.B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:维多利亚这个名字起源于德语。传说摄政王对公主的出生非常生气,他拒绝给她起一个王室名字,所以新生的孩子不得不以她的德国母亲的名字命名,从而成为英国第一个叫维多利亚的人。A. nature自然;B. origin起源;C. source来源;D. resource资源。根据“Legend has it that the ruling Regent(摄政王) was so angry at the birth of the princess, he refused to give her a royal name, so the newborn baby had to be named after her German mother, thus becoming the first person ever called Victoria in England.”可知,维多利亚这个名字起源于德语。故选B。
2.D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:减肥是一个缓慢而逐渐的过程。A.innocent无辜的;B.abstract抽象的;C.mental智力的;精神健康的;D.gradual逐渐的。根据句意和常识可知,减肥是一个缓慢,逐渐的过程。故选D。
3.A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:中国有一种习俗,春节前一天,所有的家庭成员聚在一起吃一顿大餐,庆祝一年的丰收。A. custom习俗;B. origin起源;C. religion宗教;D. fashion时尚。根据句中all the family members get together to have a big feast on the day before the Spring Festival to celebrate the harvest of the year可知,此处指“习俗”,应用custom。故选A。
4.C
【详解】考查固定句型及时态。句意:这是你这个月第三次来南京了。固定句型It’s the+序数词+time+that...“这是第几次做某事”。that从句使用现在完成时。结合选项可知,C项符合题意。故选C。
5.D
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:近年来,我校聘请了一大批新教师,他们中的四分之三毕业于世界知名大学。分析句子结构可知,第一空为谓语动词,根据时间状语in recent years可知,此处应为现在完成时,employ与句子主语our school之间为主动关系,且句子主语为第三人称单数,所以谓语为has employed;第二空为非限制性定语从句的谓语动词,结合句意可知,从句中描述的为客观事实,所以使用一般现在时态,结合选项,谓语动词为be动词,其单复数形式取决于先行词的单复数形式,定语从句的先行词为new teachers为名词复数,所以谓语动词应为复数形式,故选D项。
6.D
【详解】考查时态。句意:这对夫妇已经等了21年,希望现在能和其他人分享他们的快乐。结合21 years可知,表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在,或对现在造成的影响,谓语动词wait用现在完成时。故选D项。
7.B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:期末考试即将到来;换句话说,我必须停止学习唱歌。A. in addition此外;B. in other words换句话说;C. on the other hand另一方面;D. on the contrary相反。in other words是换句话说的意思,用另外一种说法表达前面刚说的东西。故选B项。
8.B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:记住,预防胜于治疗,所以每天至少刷两次牙,并定期去看牙医。A. chat闲谈;B. cure治愈;治疗;C. case情况;D. cause原因。根据句意可知,预防比患病以后治疗要好。故选B项。
9.A
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:迈克在业余时间经常和他的朋友们打篮球。此外,他还参加志愿活动。A. In addition此外;B. On the contrary相反;C. As a result结果;D. In fact实际上。根据后文的he takes part in voluntary activities,可知是对前文的补充。故选A。
10.B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:要表演好这个舞蹈,你需要保持动作流畅,身体灵活。A. generous慷慨的;B. flexible灵活的;C. capable有能力的;D. repetitive重复的。根据上文“you need to keep your movements smooth and your body”可知,表演好这个舞蹈,你需要保持动作流畅,身体灵活。故选B。
11.A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果有一个人工智慧的系统照顾宠物的日常生活,你会买一个吗?A. intelligence智能;B. procedure程序;C. determination决定;D. disappointment失望。artificial intelligence为习惯用语,表示“人工智能”含义,符合句意,故选A项。
12.B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:毫无疑问,锻炼对心理发展有好处。A. metal金属制的;B. mental智力的,心理的;C. moral道德的;D. material物质的,客观存在的。根据前文“taking exercise”可知,此处指心理发展。故选B项。
13.A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:你必须说:“我现在并没有得到我想要的一切,我必须要灵活一些。”A. flexible灵活的;B. fortunate幸运的;C. financial金融的;D. ethnic民族的。由“I don’t actually have everything I could want right now”可知,句子表示“我现在并没有得到我想要的一切,我必须要灵活一些”,空格处意为“灵活的”。故选A。
14.B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他在很大程度上是一个被动的副总统,在那之前是一个普通的州长。A. active积极的;B. passive被动的;C. positive积极乐观的;D. native本地的。根据“an unexceptional state governor”可知,他之前是一个普通的州长,由此推知他作为副总统很大程度上是被动的,passive“被动的”符合题意。故选B。
15.D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:农民根据农历种植和收割庄稼。A. frank坦率的;B. horrible令人恐惧的;C. passive消极的;D. lunar月球的,阴历的。lunar calendar“阴历,农历”是固定短语,符合句意。故选D项。
16.D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们反对教育商业化,因为他们认为这对穷人不公平。A. diagram图表;B. collection收集;C. procedure程序;D. commercialisation商业化。根据“they believe it is unfair for poor people”可知,这对穷人不公平,由此推知应该是反对教育商业化,commercialisation“商业化”符合题意。故选D。
17.B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:现在是你重视自己学术成就的时候了。it is (high) time that是固定句型。that引导的主语从句中为虚拟语气,用一般过去时表达愿望;也可用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。故选B项。
18.A
【详解】考查时态、固定句型。句意:这是我们第一次在新建的电影院一起看电影。this/it is the first time that后接从句中用现在完成时,这是固定句型。故选A项。
19.C
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:不止一人在事故中受伤。A. are injured动词injure一般现在时的被动语态;B. has been injured动词injure现在完成时的被动语态;C. was injured动词injure一般过去时的被动语态;D. injured动词injure的一般过去时态。设空处在句中作谓语动词,此句陈述过去的事情,用一般过去时态,主语more than one person与动词injure之间为被动关系,此句谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态;“more than one+可数名词单数”作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数。故选C。
20.A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:最近不仅有一些国际明星,还有中国的歌手兼舞蹈家在音乐会上进行了精彩的表演。根据句意和句中“recently”可知,句子应用现在完成时,句中涉及“not only…but also…”句型,应用就近原则,即谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致,“the Chinese singer and dancer”意为“中国的歌手兼舞蹈家”,为可数名词单数形式,故应用“has”,空格处应填“has given”。故选A项。
21.C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:你需要的是一个灵活的计划来面对每天的挑战。A. virtual虚拟的;B. wearable可穿戴的;C. flexible灵活的;D. effective有效的。根据句意可知,应是灵活的计划来面对挑战。故选C。
22.C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她担心儿子的身体和心理发展。A. metal 金属制的;B. final 最终的;C. mental 心理的、精神的;D. matematics 数学,名词。根据“and”可知,空处与“physical”为并列关系,应为形容词,作定语修饰名词“developements”,physical 意为:身体的,根据句意,空处应表示“心理的”,即mental。故选C。
23.A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:令我们吃惊的是,目击者对这起交通事故的描述在几个方面与官方版本不同。A. account描述;B. opinion意见;C. instruction指示;D. explanation解释。根据空前“the witness’s”及空后“of the traffic accident”可知,此处指目击者对这起交通事故的描述。故选A。
24.D
【详解】考查时态。句意:那是我第一次与总统面对面交谈。此处为句型that was the first time+过去完成时,表示“第一次……”,故选D。
25.B
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:过去的几十年里,一些车牌变得极其宝贵,特别是那些能拼出单词的车牌。In the past decades为时间状语,一般与现在完成时连用,主语some number plates是复数概念,谓语动词也用复数形式。故选B。
26.C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:这是我第一次看这么精彩的电影。分析句子结构可知,在It is the +序数词 time +从句的结构中,从句用现在完成时,主语是I,故选C项。
27.C
【详解】考查时态。句意:我从幼儿园起就养成了早上跑步的习惯。根据空后since引导的时间状语从句可知,空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态:has/have done;主语是第一人称单数I,所以此处助动词需用have。故选C。
28.C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:由于对病毒的担忧日益剧增,一些国际客运航班继续暂停,直到接到进一步的通知。根据后文的“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知,此处指航班继续暂停。A. crashed撞车;B. conducted实施;C. suspended暂停;D. sustained维持。故选C。
29.C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:既然我们已经损失了所有的钱,那就不要责怪我说都是我的错了。结合句意此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时。故选C项。
30.D
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:Alice 是这些学生中唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的人。此处the only one of the students中的先行词是the only one,所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。而且句中因为有状语for three years,要用现在完成时。故选D项。
31.D
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:道尔在书中塑造的夏洛克·福尔摩斯使他家喻户晓之后,他放弃了医学,完全投入到写作中。A. apparently显然地;B. increasingly不断增加地;C. patiently耐心地;D. entirely完全地。根据前文“he gave up medicine”可知,他完全投入到写作中。故选D项。
32.A
【详解】考查时态。句意:自去年以来,他习惯的乡村生活发生了很大变化。分析句子结构可知,空处作句子谓语,根据时间状语since last year可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语The country life是单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式has changed。故选A。
33.C
【详解】考查时态。句意:我们讨论这个问题已经很长时间了,但我们还没有得出任何结论。根据句意和“for quite a long time”可知,第一空用现在完成进行时,表示从过去某时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作,这个动作可能仍在继续进行或刚刚结束;第二空根据yet可知,应用现在完成时,表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响。故选C。
34.B
【详解】考查时态。句意:在过去几十年中,出国留学的人数急剧增加。根据时间状语in the past few decades判断句子用现在完成时。故选B。
35.B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:音乐会很好——我特别喜欢最后一首歌。A. in advance预先、提前;B. in particular尤其、特别;C. in panic惊慌的;D. in addition另外、此外。根据句意可知,此处表示尤为喜欢最后一首歌,in particular符合句意。故选B项。
36.A
【详解】考查动词。句意:从高中开始他就这样了他对新闻产生了兴趣,现在已经成为一名非常优秀的记者。A. developed an appetite for养成了对……的兴趣;B. taken advantage of利用;C. made the best use of充分利用;D. paid more attention to注意。根据后文“现在已经成为一名非常优秀的记者”可知,之前他对新闻产生了兴趣。故选A。
37.B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他公开抨击了那些要求释放罪犯的人。A. attracted吸引;B. attacked攻击,抨击;C. attached依附;D. distracted使分心。分析句意可知,一些人要求释放罪犯,他公开抨击了他们。故选B项。
38.D
【详解】考查时态。句意:——你在等市政府办公室的公共汽车吗?——是的。我十分钟前就到了公共汽车站,但是公共汽车还没来。根据句意可知,第二个人说话时,公共汽车还没来到,所以空格处应该用现在完成时表示“过去的某一动作一直持续到现在,并且还有可能继续持续下去”。故选D项。
39.C
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:尤其是自从二十世纪五十年代开始,为了寻求对大脑更好的了解科学家一直在进行相关研究。A. conducted实施,一般过去时;B. have been conducted被实施,现在完成时的被动语态;C. have been conducting实施,现在完成进行时;D. had conducted实施,过去完成时。分析句子结构,空格处作谓语,根据时间状语since the 1950s和句意“科学家一直在作研究”,可知本句强调动作从过去发生到现在仍在持续,应用现在完成进行时。故选C项。
40.A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为高中生,我们必须在睡觉和家庭作业之间取得平衡。A. stike碰撞; B. apply应用 ;C. appeal 呼吁;D. conduct组织。根据句意strike a balance意为“取得平衡”,符合句意。故选A。
41.published
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:她最近在商务印书馆出版了她的第四本书。根据汉语提示“出版”可知,此处为动词publish,结合时间状语“recently”可知,此处为现在完成时,已有助动词has,空处需填过去分词published。故填published。
42.flexible
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这位年轻女子经营着自己的商店,所以她的工作时间相当灵活。根据汉语提示“灵活的”可知,空处需填形容词flexible,作定语。故填flexible。
43.cured
【详解】考查动词。句意:她吃了很多不同的药,但没有一种治好她的病。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处使用动词cure,与主语none是逻辑主谓关系,应用主动语态,前面有助动词has,应用现在完成时,空白处填过去分词。故填cured。
44.accompanied
【详解】考查动词和现在完成时。句意:是的,披头士的音乐陪伴了我一生。设空处使用过去分词与空前构成现在完成时。表示“陪伴”用accompany。故填accompanied。
45.press
【详解】考查动词。句意:如果你那样逼迫我,我怎么能拒绝呢?“逼迫”为动词press,作从句的谓语,由can可知,从句应用一般现在时,主语是you,动词press应用原形,故填press。
46.passive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你保持被动,你就不会有获胜的机会。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处使用形容词passive,作表语。故填passive。
47.mental
【详解】考查形容词。句意:住房条件差和家庭压力会影响身心健康。根据“physical”“health”和汉语提示可知,空处应用形容词mental,意为“精神的,思想的”,偏广义和抽象意义,作修饰health的定语,表示“精神健康”,physical and mental health意为“身心健康”。故填mental。
48.brilliant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们都渴望看到第24届冬奥会精彩的开幕式。分析句子结构可知,本空填形容词brilliant作定语修饰名词opening ceremony。故答案为brilliant。
49.brilliant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:据说他的一个儿子是一位非常杰出的年轻医生。“优秀的”为形容词brilliant,作定语,修饰名词physician,故填brilliant。
50.minor
【详解】考查形容词。句意:作为一个负责任的人,我不会让小问题干扰我的工作。根据“issues”和汉语提示可知,空处应用形容词minor,作修饰issues的定语,意为“小的,不很重要的”,侧重比起其他事物来较小或不是很重要、很严重的,和issues搭配表示“小问题”。故填minor。
51.virtual
【详解】考查形容词。句意:通过报名参加,你不用下床就可以进入虚拟教室了。根据“classroom”和汉语提示可知,空处应用形容词virtual,作定语修饰classroom,表示“虚拟教室”。故填virtual。
52.has adopted
【详解】考查时态。句意:自1981年以来,世界粮食日每年都采用不同的主题,以突出需要采取行动的领域,并提供共同的关注。根据词义“采纳”可知,应填动词adopt,由“since 1981”可知,adopt用现在完成时,主语World Food Day为单数意义,故填has adopted。
53.passive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:倾听是一种主动的行为,而不是被动的,它包含着听、理解和记忆。根据所给汉语提示可知,应用形容词passive,作定语,修饰名词behavior。故填passive。
54.proof
【详解】考查名词。句意:这是正确的,但他还需要证据。分析句子结构可知,此处为名词作宾语,根据提示的汉语,表示“证据”应为proof,结合句意,此处proof指的是“证明或论证的过程或方式”为不可数名词。故填proof。
55.virtual
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我个人认为虚拟现实将会成为现代生活的一部分。根据句意和汉语提示应填virtual“虚拟的”作定语,修饰名词reality,故填virtual。
56.brought
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:科学让我们的生活发生了很多改变。表示“引起”为bring about,该动作从过去持续到现在,所以用现在完成时,空处缺少过去分词。故填brought 。
57.flash
【详解】考查名词。句意:远处有一道闪光。根据中文提示可知,表示“闪光,闪现”应用flash,为可数名词,在这里应用单数形式。故填flash。
58.significant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们的课程保证大大提高你对英语的信心。“显著的”应用形容词significant,作定语,修饰名词increase,故填significant。
59.outstanding/excellent/extraordinary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在下面列出的杰出女性中,你认为谁是过去100年中最重要的女性?根据汉语提示“杰出的”及后文名词ladies可知,此处可用形容词outstanding/excellent/extraordinary/作定语修饰名词。故填outstanding/excellent/extraordinary。
60.metal
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的头撞在一根金属棒上。根据汉语提示可知应用名词metal,作定语修饰bar。故填metal。
61.Fiction
【详解】考查名词。句意:小说占据了出版市场的很大一部分。根据汉语提示“小说”,此处可用名词fiction作主语,当其意为“小说”时,其为不可数名词。句首字母大写,故填Fiction。
62.minor/small
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在把报告打印出来之前,他对它做了一些小改动。根据词义提示可知,此处使用形容词minor/small作定语修饰名词changes。故填minor/small。
63.flexible
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们的计划应该足够灵活,以满足每个人的需求。根据空前的be和汉语提示,这里应用形容词flexible“灵活的”,作表语。故填flexible。
64.capable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:人体能够做很多事情,比如跳高、快速跑和制造工具。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中做表语表示属性,使用形容词,根据汉语提示,表示“有能力的”含义的形容词为capable,故填capable。
65.has inspired
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:她对我的信任激励我做一些我从未想象过的事情。空格处作谓语,根据句意可知应用现在完成时,结合汉语提示“激励”是inspire,且主语为不可数名词,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has inspired。
66.deleted
【详解】考查动词。句意:我已经从相机里删除了这张照片,因为我对它不满意。“删除”为动词delete,由have和句意可知,此处应用过去分词形式与have构成现在完成时,故填deleted。
67.figured
【详解】考查动词。句意:你查出你的车出了什么毛病了吗? 根据句意和汉语提示以及句中的have可知,空格处应该填入一个动词的过去分词形式,构成现在完成时,且与空格后的out构成固定短语,其意义为“弄明白”,所以应该用figured。故填figured。
68.forgiven
【详解】考查动词。句意:我已经原谅了你的粗鲁言辞,所以你可以离开房间了。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处使用动词forgive,由have和句意可知,应用过去分词形式与have构成现在完成时。故填forgiven。
69.significant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你的工作有了显著的进步。分析句子结构可知,此处应为形容词作定语,根据提示的汉语,表示“显著的”应为significant。故填significant。
70.origin
【详解】考查名词。句意:她不幸的童年是她以后生活中问题的起源。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处应用名词origin,为可数名词,句中特指“不幸的童年”这一起源,应用其单数形式,在句中作表语。故填origin。
71. desire to
【详解】考查名词和非谓语。根据汉语可知,空处表示“……的渴望”,应用desire和to,构成“desire+不定式”的常用表达,作句子的主语,且此处特指探索宇宙的渴望,desire应用单数形式。故依次填desire和to。
72.some of which have gone bad
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。表示“其中一些”应用some of,此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词apples,作介词的宾语,先行词指物,应用关系代词which;表示“烂了”应用go bad,为现在完成时。故填some of which have gone bad。
73.in which I have made several friends
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。根据汉语提示以及句子结构可知,空处可用非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词Shanghai,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,可用in which来引导定语从句。表示“交了几个朋友”短语为make several friends。定语从句中用现在完成时态。故填in which I have made several friends。
74.what you have instructed it to do
【详解】考查宾语从句。“你让它做的事”在句中作宾语,可处理为宾语从句,用连接代词what引导,表示“……的事”,在从句中作宾语;从句主语“你”用人称代词you,谓语“让”用动词instruct,结合句意,强调结果,用现在完成时态have instructed,宾语“它”用代词it,“做”作宾语补足语,用不定式to do。故填what you have instructed it to do。
75.proved to be
【详解】考查固定短语,“事实证明……”为prove to be+名词/形容词,由has可知,句子为现在完成时,prove应用过去分词形式,故填proved to be。
76.brought out the best
【详解】考查固定搭配。根据空后的in her,空处应用bring out the best。bring out意为“使显现”,bring out the best in sb.意为“把某人最好的一面显现出来”。空前有助动词has,这里应用动词的过去分词构成现在完成时态。故填brought out the best。
77.expressed concern
【详解】考查短语。express concern“表示担忧”。have后接动词的过去分词形式,构成现在完成时。根据句意,故填expressed concern。
78.permitted the company to use
【详解】考查时态。根据句意可知,此处意为“允许该公司使用……”,故应用短语permit sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”结构,表达为permit the company to use,且根据空前的has already可知,此处为现在完成时have done结构,故填permitted the company to use
79.sum up what we have discussed
【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。sum up (总结)用动词原形形式和前面的助动词will一起构成一般将来时,后接宾语“我们所讨论的内容”,从句谓语动词discuss (讨论)用现在完成时(表过去动作对现在产生的影响),后缺乏宾语,指事物,用连接代词what引导。故填sum up what we have discussed。
80.you have had a good performance
【详解】考查句子结构、时态。根据句意和前文It is said可知,此处可用现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在的影响。表示“你表现很好”为you have had a good performance,是主谓宾句型,that引导的从句作真正主语。故填you have had a good performance。
81.which we have already known
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译,可知需翻译部分是“这一点我们已经知道了”,是一个完整的句子,所以此处可用非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话,在从句中作宾语,用which引导,根据后文的since引导的时间状语从句可知,定语从句用现在完成时,可译为“which we have already known”。故填which we have already known。
82.implementing significant policies
【详解】考查动词、形容词和名词。“实施”使用动词implement,“重要的”使用形容词significant作定语,“政策”使用名词复数policies表示泛指,结合句意及空前的is可知,句子是现在进行时,故空处用现在分词,故填implementing significant policies。
83.has made
【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。短语:make rapid advances“取得巨大的进步”,根据句中“in the last fifty years”可知,空处的时态为现在完成时。句子主语science为单数,所以助动词用has,故填has made。
84. has gone through
【详解】考查动词时态。表示“经历”应用动词短语go through,根据时间状语“recently”可知,使用现在完成时,主语为he,助动词用has。故填①has;②gone;③through。
85. set a good example
【详解】考查短语。句意:全红婵为所有青少年就立了一个好榜样。set a good example立了一个好榜样。has后接动词的过去分词形式。根据句意,故填set a good example。
86.has broken away
【详解】考查动词短语。空处表示“摆脱”,使用动词短语break away from,结合句意可知,此处表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时,主语music是不可数名词,助动词用has,故填has broken away。
87.done its part in
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。结合时间状语In the past decade可知句子时态是现在完成时,表示“在……方面尽到职责”应用动词短语do one’s part in。主语为administration,所以形容词性物主代词应用its表示“它的”。在助动词has后动词应用过去分词形式。故填done its part in。
88.has taken measures to
【详解】考查动词时态和固定短语。空格处作谓语,根据句意应用现在完成时, take measures to do sth.为固定短语,意为“采取措施做某事”,主语The government为名词的单数形式,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has taken measures to。
89.have run out of
【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处使用动词短语run out of“用完,耗尽”,由“已耗尽了”可知,应用现在完成时,主语是they,助动词使用have。故填have run out of。
90. has offered
【详解】考查动词。分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语,表示“已经提供”使用现在完成时,句子的主语为company为单数。故填has offered。
91. held on to paid off
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。“坚守”为短语hold on to,在that引导的定语从句中作谓语,由句意可知,描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,hold应用过去式held;“回报”为短语pay off,由have可知,主句是现在完成时,pay应用过去分词形式与have构成现在完成时,故填①held;②on;③to;④paid;⑤off。
92.conducting experiments on animals
【详解】考查动名词。表示“在……上做实验”应用短语conduct experiments on。分析句子可知,此处应用动名词作宾语。故填conducting experiments on animals。
93.In addition
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处使用介词短语in addition,意为“此外”,句首单词首字母大写。故填In addition。
94.It has been known that
【详解】考查固定句型。表示“人们已经知道”可用句型“it be+过去分词+that从句”,根据句意,应用现在完成时,主谓一致,表达为it has been known that,it为形式主语,that引导名词性从句作真正主语。句首字母大写,故填 It has been known that。
95.is said to be the most brilliant painter
【详解】考查动词时态和形容词最高级。“据说”somebody is said to do,描述现在的事实用一般现在时,是在不定式后用动词原形be,“最杰出的画家”是the most brilliant painter。形容词最高级修饰名词。故填is said to be the most brilliant painter 。
96.(in) developing brilliant solutions
【详解】考查非谓语动词。“花费……做某事”为固定搭配spend...(in) doing sth.,“开发”为动词develop,此处应用developing,“出色的”为形容词brilliant,“解决办法”为名词solution,此处不止一个方法,应用复数形式。故填(in) developing brilliant solutions。
97.have adapted to living
【详解】考查动词。根据句意“已经适应”可知,此处应为现在完成时,表示“适应”应为adapt to,句子主语people为名词复数,adapt to与people之间为主动关系,所以应为have adapted to;表示“生活”动词应为live,位于介词to之后,应为动名词形式作宾语,且表示主动。故填have adapted to living。
98.have decreased by 30%
【详解】考查时态和短语。表示过去对现在造成的影响用现在完成时,主语为the students,谓语为 have decreased by 30%。故填have decreased by 30%。
99. gone through
【详解】考查短语。go through“经历”。“he has ______”是省略关系词的定语从句,且主语he与go through之间为主动关系,所以has后接动词的过去分词形式,构成现在完成时。根据句意,故填gone through。
100.I have visited the city
【详解】考查时态。此处为句型It is the first time +that+现在完成时,主语为I;表示“参观这座城市”应用visit the city,故填I have visited the city。
101.the first time that he has taken
【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意可知,此处为“it is the first time that”结构,that从句中应为现在完成时态,表示“乘坐飞机”为take a plane,与句子主语为主动关系,且主语为单数,所以that从句中的谓语动词为has taken。故填the first time that he has taken。
102.have visited the city
【详解】考查固定句型和现在完成时。句型It is the first/second/third/ time that...“这是某人第几次做某事”,从句应用现在完成时,表示“参观”应用动词visit。故答案为have visited the city。
103.beyond his expectations
【详解】考查介词、名词。结合句意,表示“在……之外;超出”为介词beyond;表示“意料;期待”为expectation,为可数名词,此处用复数,表示“他的很多期望”。故填beyond his expectations。
104.we’ve met
【详解】考查固定句型。结合句意和提示,此处需要用固定句型this is the +序数词+time,后接现在完成时态have done;表示“会面”为meet;主语为we,与助动词have搭配可缩写为we’ve。故填we’ve met。
105.can be cured
【详解】考查情态动词和语态。根据句意可知,设空处意思是“可以治愈”,为谓语,可以用情态动词can,治愈用动词cure,和主语it之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故填can be cured。
106.If I were you
【详解】考查虚拟语气。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处使用if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与现在事实相反的假设,应用一般过去时,be动词用were。句首单词首字母大写。故填If I were you。
107. In order to save
【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语意思,“为了”可以用短语in order to,“拯救”用动词save,in order to save在本句中作目的状语,句首单词首字母大写,故填In;order;to;save。
108.neither read nor write
【详解】考查固定句型。句意:根据句意及所给句子可知,此处使用固定句型neither...nor...“既不……也不……”,“读”使用read,“写”使用write,情态动词后接动词原形。故填neither read nor write。
109. the origin of
【详解】考查名词。助动词为is,表语“根源”为名词origin,此处表示特指,加定冠词,根据汉语提示和句意,设空处缺“……的根源”,表达为名词短语the origin of,后接宾语your anxiety。故填:①the;②origin;③of。
110.in the first instance
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意可知,此处表示“起初”应为in the first instance作状语。故填in the first instance。
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