通用版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题2.代词（小初考点差异及衔接）（原卷版+解析版）

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代词（小初考点差异及衔接）

小学要求
1.人称代词2.物主代词3.反身代词4.疑问代词
初中要求
1、 人称代词主格和宾格的用法；
2、 形容词物主代词与名词性性物主代词的用法；
3、 反身代词的用法；
4、 常见不定代词的用法；
5、 指示代词的用法；
6、 相互代词的用法；
7、 疑问代词的用法；
8、it的用法


【小学代词考点聚焦】
考点1.人称代词
用人称代词主格代替下列名词
1. Lucy and Nancy _______ 2. my brother and I _________
3. my sister ________ 4. an elephant ________ 5.Mr. Wang ________
根据汉语提示,用适当的代词填空，使句子完整通顺
1. _______ (我) am a teacher. _______(我的) name is Amy.
2. _______ (她) is Tina. _______(她的) phone number is 0771-4425637.
3. _______ (他们) are my friends.
考点2.物主代词
从方框中，选择适当的单词填空。(每词限用一次)
his our me yours hers
1. This pencil-box is _______.
2. This is your book. That pen is _______, too.
3. My mum bought a dictionary for _______.
4. Mr. Smith wants to wear _______ new coat.
5. _______ English teacher is good.
考点3.疑问代词
A. Whose B. Which C. What D. When E. Who
1.—________is she? — She’s our new teacher.
2.—________ did you come back? —Last week.
3.—________ pen is this? —It’s Tom’s
4.—________do you often do on Sundays? —I often go fishing.
5.—________food do you like best? —Cheese.
【初中代词考点聚焦】
考点清单
考点一、人称代词
人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。

第一人
称单数
第二人
称单数
第三人称单数
第一人称复数
第二人称复数
第三人称复数
阳性
阴性
中性
主格
I(我)
you (你)
he(他)
she(她)
it(它)
we(我们)
you(你们)
they (他们，她们，它们)
宾格
me(我)
you (你)
him(他)
her(她)
it(她)
us(我们)
you(你们)
them (他们，她们，它们)
1. 人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语(动词宾语或介词宾语)。如：
I like table tennis.（作主语） // Do you know him?（作宾语）
2. 人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：
---- Who is knocking at the door? ---- It’s me.
3. 人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：
He is older than me. // He is older than I am.
4. 并列人称代词的排列顺序
⑴ 单数人称代词并列做主语时，其顺序为：第二人称→第三人称→第一人称you→he/she/it→ I。如：
You, he and I are good friends. 你我他都是好朋友。// You, he and I should return on time. 你我他都应当按时返回。
⑵ 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称→第二人称→第三人称we→you→they。如：
We, you and they went to the Great Wall yesterday. 我们、你们和他们昨天都去长城了。
⑶ 第三人称He和 she 同时使用时，先说he，后说she。如：
He and she were late for school this morning. 他和她今天早上都上学迟到了。
【注意】在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。
①在承认错误，承担责任时。如：It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。
②在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称。如：I and you try to finish it.

1.That’s when Allison turned to 　　　　　　(I) and said,“It’s beautiful, isn’t it?” 
2.Lance almost ran home after school. His older brother Nathan had promised to take 　　　　　　(he) to the new skate park today. 
3.People often ask 　　　　　　(we) why we’re doing this.  
考点二、物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示：

第一人
称单数
第二人
称单数
第三人称单数
第一人称复 数
第二人称复数
第三人称复数
阳性
阴性
中性
形容
词性
my
(我的)
your
(你的)
his
(他的)
her
(她的)
its
(它的)
our
(我们的)
your
(你们的)
their (他们的，她们的，它们的)
名词
性
mine
(我的)
yours
(你的)
his
(他的)
hers
(她的)
its
(她的)
ours
(我们的)
yours
(你们的)
theirs(他们的，她们的，它们的)
1. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，在句中放在名词前面作定语。不能在句中单独使用。如：
Our teacher is coming to see us. // This is her pencil-box.
2. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语以及用在“of+名词性物主代词”的结构中。如：
Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）
Tom is a friend of mine.（of+名词性物主代词）
---- Is this English-book yours?（作表语）---- No. Mine is in my bag.
I’ve already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?（作宾语）
3. 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。如：Li Lei’s father is taller than mine. (mine=my father)

1.Charlie does not pull hard on the lead. Besides, his steps try to suit 　　　　　　(我的). 
2.This is not our classroom. 　　　　　　(our) is next door. 
3.　　　　　　(they) lifestyle is very simple, but they know more about animals and plants than most people do. 
考点三、指示代词
指示代词包括：this, that, these, those。
1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil. // We are busy these days. // In those days the workers had a hard time.
2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come. // What I want to say is this; pronunciation is very important in learning English.
3. 在比较级中，有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.
　 Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
4. this 在电话用语中代表自己（我），that 则代表对方（你）。如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?

考点四、反身代词
英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加self，复数后加selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。具体变化见下表：
第一人
称单数
第二人
称单数
第三人称单数
第一人称复数
第二人称复数
第三人称复数
阳性
阴性
中性
myself
(我自己)
yourself
(你自己)
himself
(他自己)
herself
(她自己)
itself
(它自己)
ourselves
(我们自己)
yourselves
(你们自己)
themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)
1. 反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。意为“亲自”，“本人”。如：
I can’t express myself properly in English. (宾语) // This is myself. (表语)
He himself can not understand the idea. (主语同位语) // You should write the letter yourself. (宾语同位语)
2. 反身代词的常见搭配。如：enjoy oneself ；hurt oneself ；teach oneself=learn...by oneself ；(all) by oneself ；help oneself to ；look after oneself=take care of oneself ；leave one by oneself ；lose oneself in ；dress oneself ；make oneself at home ；wash oneself

1.It’s not safe to leave a baby in a car by 　　　　　　(它自己). 
2.However, every time you exercise, you put 　　　　　　(你自己)at the risk of getting hurt, so remember to do it in a right way. 
3.Now, she enjoys 　　　　　　(her) when talking with us every day. 
考点五、不定代词
代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语。
1. 常用的普通不定代词有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no等。
（1）every 只能做定语，none, no不能做定语。
（2）不定代词many, few, a few修饰可数名词复数，much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。
（3）both, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。
（4）大部分不定代词可用于“of+名词”结构。注意这一结构中的名词前必须有限定的词语修饰。如：
some of the students不能说some of students；each of the boys不能说each of boys等等。
2. 复合不定代词有12个：something (某事), someone (某人), somebody (某人), anything (任何事), anyone (任何人), anybody (任何人), nothing (没事), nobody (没有人), no one (没有人), everything (一切), everyone (每个人), everybody (每个人)。
（1）复合不定代词做主语时，谓语用单数。如：Something is wrong with the bike. // There isn’t anything in the room.
（2）复合不定代词被形容词或不定式修饰时，形容词或不定式要位于不定代词之后。如：
There is something wrong with the Radio. // I have something to tell you.
（3）含有some, any, every 的复合代词不能做定语。
初中常见不定代词用法辨析：
⒈ some和 any的用法辨析：
①some一般用于 句中，意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：
I have some work to do today. // They will go there some day.
②some 用于疑问句时，表示建议、请求、命令或希望得到肯定回答。如：
Would you like some coffee with sugar?
③some与单数可数名词连用，表示特定的“某个”。如：Some man is waiting for you at the gate.
④any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中，为“任何一些”、“任何一个”，作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：
They didn’t have any friends here. // Have you got any questions to ask?
⑤any 用于肯定陈述句或条件状语从句中时，意为“任何的，任何一个的”，其后接名词单数形式。如：
You can take any book. They are all yours. // If you have any quention, please let me know.
Jim can run faster than any other student in his class.
⒉ no和none的用法辨析：
①no是形容词，意为“没有”，修饰可数名词(单/复数)或不可数名词，相当于not any/not a (an)。如：
There is no time left. Please hurry up. // They had no reading books to lend.
②none只能独立使用，在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语，意为“没有一个人(或事物)”，表复数或单数。如：
None of them is/are in the classroom. // I have many books, but none is interesting.
⒊ all和both的用法辨析：
①all指三者或三者以上的人或物，用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。
②both指两个人或物，用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：
I know all of the four British students in their school. // ---- Would you like this one or that one? ---- Both.
③all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词)，也可以独立使用，采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式，其中的of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.
⒋ every和each的用法辨析：
①every是形容词，只能作定语修饰单数名词，意思是“每一个”，表示整体概念。
②each是形容词、代词，可用作主语、宾语、定语等，意思是“每个”或者“各个”，表示单个概念；③each可以放在名词前，可以后跟of短语，与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前。
④every和each都用作单数理解，但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：
They are very busy. Each of them has something to do. 他们很忙，人人都有事干。
Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. 他班上每个学生学习都很用功。
⒌ either和neither的用法辨析：
①either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”。
②neither是either的否定形式，意思是“两个都不”。
③neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等，都用作单数。如：
I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do.
---- Will you go there by bus or by car? ---- Neither. I will go there by train.
⒍ other、the other、another、others与the others的用法辨析：
①other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意为“其他的、别的”。other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one..., the other...”句型。如：Do you have any other ideas?
②the other意为“两者中的另一个”。如：I have two pens. One is red, the other is green.
③another意为“另外的，再一，又一”，泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个。表示在原先基础上增加，在句中可作宾语和定语。如：
I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another. // I don’t like this coat, please show me another one.
④others泛指“其他的/另外的人/物”(指大部分)，常与some搭配构成“some...others...”句型。如：
Jim often helps others. // Some students are playing soccer while others are watching them.
⑤the others表示特指某范围内的“其余的人/物”，(指全部)。如：
Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.
⒎ all和every的用法辨析：
all和every都表示“全部、所有的”等概念。all后的谓语动词多用复数形式，而every后的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：All students study hard in my class. // Every student studies hard in my class.
⒏ few、little、a few、a little的用法辨析：
few、little意思是“很少”、“几乎没有”，有否定的意思；a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”，有肯定的意思；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物；little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：
He is very poor and he has little money. // You can get a few sweets from him.
Don’t worry. There is still a little time left. // In that polar region there live few people.
⒐ 复合不定代词somebody、something、anything、nothing、everything和everybody的用法辨析：
他们是由some, any, no, every，加上body, thing 构成的，叫做复合不定代词，在句子中当单数使用。somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody, anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语，应放在它们的后面（不定代词定语后置）。如：
Hey, Lily. There is someone outside the door.
Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday? // He has nothing much to do today.
⒑ one、ones、that 和it的用法辨析：
①one代替上文提过的同类事物或人中的任何一个，表示泛指。如：
I can’t find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定)
He has lost his bike. He wants to buy a new one. 他弄丢了自行车，他想买一辆新的。
②ones“一些”，代替上文提过的同类事物或人中的几个，表示泛指。如：
He doesn’t want the small apples, and he wants the big ones. 他不想要小的苹果，想要大的。
③that代替上文出现过的同一类事物，但不是同一个，表示特指。如：
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个)
④it代替上文出现过的同一类事物，且前后指同一对象，表示特指。如：
I can’t find my hat. I don’t know where I put it. (同一物)
⒒ many和much的用法辨析：
①many意思是“很多”，修饰可数名词复数。如：
I don’t have many friends here. // Many died in the bus accident.
②much意思是“很多”，修饰不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：
We can learn much with the help of him.
③many和much一般用于否定句，肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of；many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so, very或too。如：There are a lot of people on the playground.
They haven’t got much work to do. // There are too many people in the room.
⒓ a lot of、lots of、a number of( large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的用法辨析：
五个短语都表示“大量，许多”，a lot of/lots of既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数，可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”，既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数。a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数)可以换为much。如：
I have a number of letters to write today. // I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.
A lot of people think that time is money. // I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.
⒔ none、no one、nobody的用法辨析：
no one和nobody都表示“没有人”，仅指人，后面不跟of 短语，作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示“没有一个人/物”，可指人也可以指物，后面可跟of短语，作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如：
No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.
None of my friends came to see me that day. // Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.

1.—Can you play volleyball or basketball?
—　　　 of them. I’m good at ball games. 
A.Both　　　　 B.Either C.Neither　　　　D.None
2.Sam finds sweeping robots useful, and he plans to buy 　　　for his grandma. 
A.it　　　　 B.one C.this　　　　 D.that
3.—Do you like rock music or light music?
—　　　. I like Beijing Opera. 
A.Either　　　　B.None C.Both　　　　D.Neither
考点六、相互代词
表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形式，意为“相互，彼此”。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语或定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。
We should learn from each other/one another. (作宾语) // Do you often write to each other/one another? (作宾语)
We often borrow each other’s/one another’s books. (作定语)
The students corrected each other’s / one another’s mistakes in their homework. (作定语)
考点七、疑问代词
用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中起名词词组的作用，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。常用的疑问代词有下列几个：指人用who, whom, whose；指物用what；既可指人又可指物用which。疑问代词的用法和区别如下：
疑问代词
意 义
功 能
例 句

who

谁
主语
Who will go with you?
表语
Who is the girl in red?
宾语（口语中，不能用于介词后）
Who is your manager talking with? (宾语)
whom
谁
宾语
Whom are you looking for? // To whom are you talking?
whose
谁的
主语、表语、
宾语、定语
Which subject do you like best? (定语) // What’s your mother. (表语)
What make you so happy?(主语) // Which woman is your mother?(定语)
My bag is here. Whose bag is there? (定语)
what
什么
which
哪个/些


What/
which
what一般指不定数目中的“什么，哪一个/些”选择范围无限
What would you like to eat?
What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？
which指一定数目中的“哪一个”，有一定的选择范围
Which do you like better, apples or bananas?
Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？
在一些固定的场合，what也可指一定数目中的“什么”，如四季、周、颜色等
What day of the week do you like best?
What season do you like best?
what
who
what询问人的职业
---- What’s your mother? ---- She is a doctor.
who询问人的关系、身份
---- Who is the boy? ---- He is my brother.
疑问代词与关系代词
1. 疑问代词通常位于句首，引出特殊疑问句。
2. 关系代词用来引导宾语从句，或定语从句。what不能用在定语从句中充当关系代词，但that可用在定语从句中作关系代词。宾语从句中的关系代词与疑问代词一致。
3. 无论是疑问代词还是关系代词，which和what所指范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定范围内。如：
Which girls do you like best? 你最喜欢哪几个姑娘？// What girls do you like best? 你最喜欢什么样的姑娘。
4. whom是who的宾格，在口语中作宾语时，也可用 who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如：
Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了? // For whom are you waiting? 等谁?
考点八、it的用法
在初中英语学习中，我们经常会见到it，但是很多学生对it的用法掌握不牢，出现了很多错误。现将it 的用法做个简单小结，帮助同学们正确理解和运用。
1. it 可用作人称代词，在句中可以做主语，也可以做宾语等。它可以指人，物或事。
⑴ it 指人时表示：说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用；指说话者心目中的那个人。如：
---- Who is knocking at the door? ---- It’s me. // ---- Who is that speaking? ---- It’s me.
---- Who is the man? ---- It is my father. // Who taught you maths last term? Was it Mrs. Wang?
⑵ it 指事物时，可指代有生命的东西（包括动物），也可指无生命的东西。注意 it指物时，表示同类同物。如：
This is my dog. It is very lovely. // I lost my pen. I didn’t find it.
What is that? It is a boat. // Don’t play football in the street. It is very dangerous.
2. it 可以指代时间，天气，距离，气候，季节，长度，重量等。如：
---- What time is it? ---- It is 11:20.
----What’s the weather like today? ---- It is windy.
How long is it from the school to your home?
3. it可代替动词不定式/动名词，在句中做形式主语。动词不定式/动名词作主语时，主语太长，显得头重脚轻，为了避免这种现象，用it 代替动词不定式/动名词作主语，真正的主语不定式/动名词放到句后。如：
To learn a foreign language is not easy.可写成 It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
Getting everything ready in time was very difficult.可写成 It was very difficult getting everything ready in time.
4. it 可以做形式宾语，在少数动词后可以代替动词不定式/动名词做宾语(后面跟有宾语补足语)。像 find, think, believe, make, feel等。常用在“主语+v.+it+宾补（adj./n）+不定式/动名词”结构。如：
I find it difficult to learn English. // He thinks it easy to work out this maths problem.
5. 强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，用who；如果不强调人一律用that。除谓语部分外，句中的任何成分都可以被强调。如：
I met John in the street yesterday.
It was I who met John in the street yesterday.（强调主语）
It was in the street that I met John.（强调地点状语，不可用where）
It was John that I met in the street yesterday.（强调宾语）
It was yesterday that I met John in the street.（强调时间状语，不可用who）

1.Because COVID⁃19 hasn’t gone away, wearing masks(口罩) in public is a good way to look after 　　　　　　and the people around us. (we) 
2.Mum joined our little group and introduced 　　　　　　to our new friends. (她自己) 
3.Mrs. Zhang is my neighbor. Her house is next to 　　　　　　(my). 
4.I want to show 　　　　　　(I) respect for the three astronauts, especially Wang, the first woman Chinese astronaut to enter the space station. 
5.　　　　　　 is meaningful to have the name in Chinese—“Bing” is the Chinese word for ice and “Dwen Dwen” means lively.  
6.At first 　　　　(没有人) bought his products, so he had no money. 
7.Jenny wants me to meet an old friend of h　　　　　　. 
8.Each different part of China has i　　　　　　 own special forms of traditional art. 
9.Sometimes we have to go deep inside　　　　　　 (we) to solve our problems. 
10.I was doing some shopping in the supermarket when I met a friend of 　　　　　　(我的). 
Ⅱ.选择题
1.We must clean up　　　classroom before going home.  
A.we　　　　 B.us　　　　 C.our　　　　 D.ours
2.Mr. Jackson plans to teach his students how to protect 　　　at an earthquake this week. 
A.himself　　　　 B.herself
C.ourselves　　　　 D.themselves
3.—Would you like to make a call on WeChat or the phone?
—　　　. Just talk with me face to face, please. 
A.Either　　　　 B.None　　　　 C.Both　　　　D.Neither
4.—It’s raining, but Tom is still playing basketball in the playground.
—Well, the match is coming. There is 　　　more important for him than practising. 
A.everything　　　　 B.nothing
C.anything　　　　 D.something
5.—The movie Hi, Mom is really a big hit. It is the most attractive movie that I have seen recently.
—But I’m afraid it won’t be liked by　　　. 
A.everybody　　　　 B.somebody
C.anybody　　　　 D.nobody
6.—Which do you prefer, listening to music or watching a movie?
—　　　. I like playing chess. 
A.Both　　　　 B.All　　　　
C.Neither　　　　 D.Either