陕西省咸阳市西咸新区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末质量监测英语试卷 (1)（含答案）

这是一份陕西省咸阳市西咸新区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末质量监测英语试卷 (1)（含答案），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

陕西省咸阳市西咸新区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末质量监测英语试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Here are some medical pioneers, who have left their marks on history.
Benjamin Spock (1903-1998)
Dr. Benjamin Spock authored the famous book The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care in 1946. Dr. Spock’s method of parenting was gentle. He encouraged parents to trust their natural ability and use common sense. He wrote several other books during his career centered on child care. His works changed how people raised their children in the Western Hemisphere. His works continue to influence us today.
Aaron T. Beck (1921-2021)
Dr. Aaron T. Beck is the father of cognitive behavior therapy (认知行为疗法). He is one of the most influential psychotherapists (心理治疗师) in history. Beck’s early work was on psychoanalytic theories about depression. This led to him developing cognitive behavior therapy. He developed cognitive therapy plans to treat many disorders.
Basil I. Hirschowitz (1925-2013)
Dr. Basil I. Hirschowitz was a pioneer in the fields of gastroenterology (胃肠病学) and endoscopy, a medical operation in which a piece of equipment is put into a person’s body so that the parts inside can be seen. Over the course of his career, his goal was to improve visible techniques of the gastrointestinal tract, He formed successful partnerships to do just that.
Charles D. Kelman (1930-2004)
Dr. Charles D. Kelman advanced the treatment for cataracts (白内障). He developed breakthrough treatments that removed cataracts and brought the patients’ sight back. His new method of curing the eye disease changed the treatment of cataracts. He worked hard to improve the sight and lives of millions of people.
1、Which field do Dr. Spock’s books focus on?
A. Child care. B. Patient care. C. Gastroenterology. D. Eye care.
2、What do Beck and Hirschowitz have in common?
A. They both invented new equipment.
B. They were both born in the 1920s.
C. They both studied cognitive behavior therapy.
D. They were both good at treating mental illness.
3、Who contributed a lot to the treatment for the eye disease?
A. Benjamin Spock. B. Aaron T. Beck.
C. Basil I. Hirschowitz. D. Charles D. Kelman.
We truly are what we eat—and what our ancestors ate. Food has changed who we are and how we developed for hundreds of thousands of years. From processing (加工) to preserving to cooking, what humans did and continue to do to food played a big role in shaping our evolution (进化).
“Processed food isn’t just a modem invention. It’s as old as human itself and may have helped create our species,” wrote Nicholas Temple, author of The Best Before: The Evolution and Future of Processed Food for the BBC.
Although processing is viewed negatively nowadays, it was important to our development as a species. Processing doesn’t necessarily mean adding chemicals. It also includes pounding or slicing or changing the food in anyway before eating. Compared to our ancestors, modem humans’ teeth, jaws and faces have gotten smaller because of making food easier to chew, especially from cooking.
Cooking food was one of the biggest changes in human history. Researchers believe it could have occurred between 1.8 million to 400,000 years ago. Without cooking, an average person would have to eat around five kilos of raw (未加工的) food to survive and will have to spend most of the day eating. Also, up to 50% of women who only eat raw foods develop a condition that signals that the body can’t support a pregnancy (怀孕) —a major problem for evolution, according to Science American. Processing food leads to a huge gain in leisure time. The less time people spent chewing, the more time they had to develop complex spoken language. Cooking food also breaks down its cells. So our stomachs need to work less to absorb the nutrients and save more energy, which could then be used to power a large brain.
Processed food actually shaped us as a species and made us human—the only species on earth who can cook.
4、Why are modern humans’ teeth and jaws smaller?
A. Because they look much more beautiful.
B. Because they are suitable for cooked food.
C. Because humans become small in size.
D. Because humans have to adapt to modern life.
5、What problem does eating raw food cause?
A. It takes people much time and energy.
B. It stops the evolution of human beings.
C. It causes people’s stomach to work less.
D. Its lows the development of written language.
6、What can we learn from the passage?
A. Only modern people process food.
B. Some animals can cook food as humans.
C. Processed food is of great value to humans.
D. People began to process food in recent years.
7、What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce various ways to process food in human history.
B. To uncover the details about the development of human food.
C. To present the findings of a study about food in human history.
D. To explain the importance of processed food to human beings.
When I was a kid, a sycamore (枫树) grew in front of my home. At the age of 10, I was just tall enough to reach its lowest branch and lift myself into its embrace. Sometimes two or three of my friends would join me in the sycamore, or in the maple down the street, or Mrs. DiMarco’s old peach tree, some of whose stout horizontal branches allowed us to sit shoulder to shoulder, eating sweet fruit.
In my small town there are some kinds of trees, their branches spreading wide, open for business. But I have not yet seen a climber. Perhaps computer games have replaced tree climbing, or maybe the activity went the way of monkey bars, which came to be viewed as too risky and have largely disappeared from playgrounds.
It is a sad loss. I have always believed that, since low-hanging branches provide no benefit to the tree, they must be meant for the child. Robert Frost understood this when he wrote:
When I see baches (桦树) bend to left and right,
Across the lines of straighter darker trees,
I like to think some boy’s been swinging them.
My only disagreement with Frost is his inference that tree climbing is a gender-specific task. Both boys and girls make a joyful climb.
The campus of the university where I teach has all sorts of trees. During a recent walk, I found myself bending under the branch of an immense spruce (云杉). I grabbed the thing, and a moment later was sitting on a branch. Then the memories came flooding back. The old sycamore, the friends, and finally, the reluctance to return to earth when the parental call to supper came.
I was so lost in my thoughts that I didn’t hear the student calling to me from below. He asked what I was doing. I didn’t waste time on explanations. “Come on up,” I said “The air’s fine.” But he only laughed and waved me off. He didn’t know what he was missing.
8、What does the underlined word “stout” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Slim. B. Bent. C. Smooth. D. Strong.
9、What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. Why kids don’t climb trees.
B. Why monkey bars are dangerous.
C. Why there is no business under trees.
D. Why kids are addicted to computer games.
10、What does the author want to prove by mentioning Robert’s poem?
A. Some branches of trees are useless.
B. Trees are intended for kids to climb.
C. Trees are a source of inspiration for poets.
D. Climbing trees is a unique right of boys.
11、What did the author think the student had missed?
A. The explanations to his question.
B. The fresh air above the tree.
C. The pleasure of climbing trees.
D. The sense of safety on earth.
Tell me if this sounds familiar: You’re trying to get some work done, and you find yourself continually picking up your cell phone. In frustration, you might slam the phone down beside you and swear to leave it alone—theoretically allowing you to focus on what you’re doing. Right now my phone is sitting next to me untouched. But have I really protected myself from its distractions or its ability to impact my mind?
The answer is no, according to a well-known study in the Journal of the Association for Consumer Research from 2017 entitled “Brain Drain (认知流失): The Mere Presence of One’s Own Smartphone Reduces Available Cognitive Capacity.”
Cognitive and social psychologist Adrian Ward and his colleagues proposed the “brain drain hypothesis” by showing that just having a phone next to you could impact cognition—specifically, working memory, or the mental system that helps us hold information about what we’re currently doing at a given moment.
The way we measure it is by having people remember words and solve math problems at the same time. And the idea there is that those are two very different cognitive skills, word memory and math problems, but they’re tapping into that same general cognitive resource. In those experiments, people either had their phones on a desk, in their pockets or bags, or in the next room. The farther away a person’s phone was, the better they did on those tasks. Even when you’re not consciously thinking about your phone, the process of not thinking about your phone requires some cognitive resources.
This was an interesting, though slightly concerning, finding that led to more studies on how the presence of our smartphones might be influencing how well we’re able to think. But in a new meta-analysis that looked at data from 27 different brain drain studies, the story of the brain drain hypothesis has gotten a little more complicated. If it’s just sitting next to you while you’re working, is that a problem or not? And I think that’s quite an important question to answer, to know more about.
12、What’s the purpose of paragraph1?
A. To classify a concept of the passage.
B. To introduce the topic of the passage.
C. To make an overall outline for the passage.
D. To offer a general background of the passage.
13、Which statement would Adrian Ward most probably agree with?
A. Smartphones enable constant connection to latest information.
B. Mobile device use does not affect performance on mental system.
C. Cognitive capabilities are largely determined by working memory.
D. The presence of smartphones accounts for the damage to cognition.
14、What do we know about the participants in the experiment?
A. The distance from phones to people was related to their performance.
B. They were only required to perform mathematical tasks.
C. The outcome was better if phones were used less frequently.
D. They consciously thought about phones when memorizing words.
15、What’s the best title of the text?
A. How Does Your Phone Damage Your Memory?
B. How Does Your Phone Wear Your Brain Out?
C. Is Your Phone Actually Draining Your Brain?
D. Is Your Phone Influencing Your Working Performance?
二、七选五
16、Advice For Dealing With Uncertainty
We are living in uncertain times, going through changes that we can’t control. There’s just so much to worry about: health, finances, even our social relationship. This state of uncertainty usually leaves us upset and depressed. ①_______.
Reflect on yourself.
Check in with yourself. Allow yourself to get in touch with how you’re feeling. Reflect both on what’s hard and on what’s still good. ②_______. What matters is just that you find time to pause and take stock in the midst of a crisis.
③_______.
Find some things you want to do — things that take your mind off your worries during uncertain times. Maybe for you it’s baking a pie or organizing a closet or conquering a video game. Whatever it is, think about what feels meaningful or gives you a sense of accomplishment and do that.
Reach out for help.
Connect with people who can lift you up and point you in the right direction. ④_______, you’ll think you’re in a ditch by yourself. So, call, video-chat or text with a friend; join an online community; or even go old-school and write a letter. You will understand that you are not alone.
Don’t try to make sense of things too soon.
It can be tempting to rush through an uncertain situation and try to make it seem certain. So the last tip is more about what we should not do than what we should do. Don’t try to make sense of things too soon. ⑤_______. That leaves room for new possibilities.
A. Set aside external expectations
B. Find your “best gift” for the day
C. It doesn’t matter how you reflect
D. If you don’t talk to others
E. It’s crucial to figure out what life will hold in store for us
F. The following tips may do some help
G. Instead, take time to recharge, free up energy to do good, meaningful things
三、完形填空（20空）
I was driving my 5-year-old son home when I saw a homeless man in the median strip (中央分隔带) in the road.
I wanted to give the man some 1 , but I didn’t have any cash. My son 2 the man as well and he insisted that I give the man the 30 cents he had. It seemed that he had read my 3 and he responded out loud.
I was more than 4 that he wanted to help, but honestly, I was 5 . I didn’t want to give just 30 cents to this man who clearly 6 more help. My own pride and 7 over the homeless man’s disappointed reaction to 8 just two coins stood in the way.
I quickly realized that I was the only 9 in the situation and that the traffic light would turn green soon. I then thought to myself, “I’ve been teaching him about 10 others and now that he wants to give everything he can 11 , I shouldn’t let my personal self-centeredness 12 this act of kindness.”
I almost told my son, “Let’s wait to 13 until we at least have one dollar.” I almost told my son that what he had wasn’t 14 . I almost showed him that what he saw as a good thing couldn’t make a 15 in someone’s life. I almost taught him that personal 16 was more important than helping another human.
17 , I quickly got rid of that foolishness.
I then rolled down the window and said to the man, “I’m sorry. I don’t have any cash on me, but my 5-year-old son back in the 18 wants to give you everything he has right now.”
To my 19 , the smile on that man’s face lit up the intersection. The only thing that matched the 20 of that stranger’s smile was the bigger smile on my boy’s face.
17、A. equipment B. information C. money D. advice
18、A. comforted B. taught C. noticed D. attracted
19、A. apology B. mind C. order D. future
20、A. happy B. confused C. angry D. ashamed
21、A. thrilled B. hesitant C. disappointed D. relieved
22、A. needed B. rejected C. overlooked D. assessed
23、A. advantage B. worry C. curiosity D. control
24、A. owing B. donating C. receiving D. lending
25、A. plan B. change C. result D. problem
26、A. helping B. forgiving C. following D. tolerating
27、A. abandon B. record C. achieve D. offer
28、A. preserve B. promote C. forget D. ruin
29、A. give B. escape C. fight D. drive
30、A. enough B. real C. simple D. worthless
31、A. mess B. choice C. difference D. wish
32、A. kindness B. pride C. generosity D. success
33、A. Unfortunately B. Thankfully C. Initially D. Casually
34、A. bank B. garage C. car D. road
35、A. horror B. embarrassment C. sadness D. surprise
36、A. disappearance B. challenge C. pressure D. brightness
四、短文填空
37、After almost a decade of ①________(prepare) work, the construction of a new branch of the Palace Museum, China’s largest museum for relics’ exhibition ②________ (formal) kicked off in Beijing. ③________ (locate) in Xiyuhe, a village in Haidian district, the new branch will include an exhibition space exceeding 60,000 square meters for cultural relics.
“We’ll have a much ④________ (large) space to meet people’s expectation and enhance our capacity ⑤________ (show) ancient Chinese civilization,” Wang Xudong, director of the Palace Museum, said in a previous interview with China Daily.
According to an official document of the construction project released online, ⑥________ first phase, which includes relic warehouses and offices, will take about three-and-a-half years to complete. It is estimated that more ⑦________ 20,000 to 30,000 relics can be showcased in the new branch every year, and it will offer larger and better-equipped warehouses to house fragile items, such as silk pieces, ⑧________ require greater attention.
“We aim to build the branch into a museum inheriting ancient classics and ⑨________ (lead) the future at the same time.” Zhang Yu, chief architect of the new museum, ⑩________ (say) in December. “This landmark can be a guesthouse of Chinese civilization with Eastern ethos (理念) and a global view.”
五、短文改错
38、假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
There are much respectable people around me. Among they, the person I respect most is my father. He is ordinary middle school teacher who devotes himself to teaching. It is the love for his career that make him achieve a lot in his work. He has win his students’ respect. My father is very busy every day, but he still spares some times to accompany me, sharing many amused things with me about his work. Whenever I come across with problems in my life, he will encourage me to overcome them brave. I love him deeply. What lucky I am to have such a good father!
六、书面表达
39、暑假即将来临，你校英文报面向全校学生征稿，主题为“中学生暑假应该学习的新技能”。请你写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：
1.你想学习的新技能及原因；
2.你的新技能学习计划。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
The New Skill I Want to Learn
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Benjamin Spock (1903-1998)部分中“He wrote several other books during his career centered on child care.(在他的职业生涯中，他还写了几本关于儿童保育的书)”可知，Spock医生的书重点关注儿童保育，故选A。
2、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Aaron T. Beck (1921-2021)和Basil I. Hirschowitz (1925-2013)可知，两者的共同点是都生于20世纪20年代。故选B。
3、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Charles D. Kelman (1930-2004)部分中“Dr. Charles D. Kelman advanced the treatment for cataracts (白内障). He developed breakthrough treatments that removed cataracts and brought the patients’ sight back. His new method of curing the eye disease changed the treatment of cataracts.(Charles D. Kelman医生推进了白内障的治疗。他发明了突破性的治疗方法，切除了白内障，使患者重见光明。他治疗眼疾的新方法改变了白内障的治疗方法)”可知，Charles D. Kelman医生对治疗眼部疾病作出很大贡献，故选D。
4、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Compared to our ancestors, modem humans’ teeth, jaws and faces have gotten smaller because of making food easier to chew, especially from cooking. (与我们的祖先相比，现代人的牙齿、下巴和脸都变小了，因为食物更容易咀嚼，尤其是烹饪的食物。)”可知，现代人的牙齿和下巴变小是因为这更加适合烹饪过的食物。故选B。
5、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Without cooking, an average person would have to eat around five kilos of raw (未加工的) food to survive and will have to spend most of the day eating. (如果不做饭，一个普通人为了生存将不得不吃大约五公斤未加工的食物，并且将不得不花一天的大部分时间吃饭。)”和“So our stomachs need to work less to absorb the nutrients and save more energy, which could then be used to power a large brain.(因此，我们的胃需要减少工作来吸收营养，并且需要节省更多的能量，这些能量可以用来为一个大的大脑提供动力。)”可推知，如果吃未加工的食物，人将花费很多时间吃饭，并用很多能量来吸收营养。故选A。
6、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Processed food actually shaped us as a species and made us human—the only species on earth who can cook. (加工食品实际上塑造了我们这个物种，使我们成为人类——地球上唯一会做饭的物种。)”可推知，加工食物对人类的进化具有巨大意义。故选C。
7、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文属于总分总结构。根据首段中的“From processing (加工) to preserving to cooking, what humans did and continue to do to food played a big role in shaping our evolution (进化). (从加工到保存再到烹饪，人类对食物所做的和继续做的事情在塑造我们的进化过程中发挥了重要作用。)”和最后一段“Processed food actually shaped us as a species and made us human—the only species on earth who can cook. (加工食品实际上塑造了我们这个物种，使我们成为人类——地球上唯一会做饭的物种。)”可推知，本篇文章主要是为了向读者解释加工食物对人类进化的重要性。故选D。
8、答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Sometimes two or three of my friends would join me in the sycamore, or in the maple down the street, or Mrs. DiMarco’s old peach tree, some of whose stout horizontal branches allowed us to sit shoulder to shoulder, eating sweet fruit.（有时，我的两三个朋友会和我一起去梧桐树下，或者去街尾的枫树下，或者去迪马科太太的老桃树下，那些……横枝让我们可以肩并肩地坐在一起，吃着香甜的水果。）”可知，这些树干可以承受几个孩子们坐在上面吃水果。由此推知，这些树干应该是粗壮的、结实的，stout与strong词义一致。故选D项。
9、答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段“In my small town there are some kinds of trees, their branches spreading wide, open for business. But I have not yet seen a climber. Perhaps computer games have replaced tree climbing, or maybe the activity went the way of monkey bars, which came to be viewed as too risky and have largely disappeared from playgrounds.（在我的小镇有一些种类的树，它们的树枝伸展得很宽，开放营业着。但我还没有看到一个爬树的人。也许是电脑游戏取代了爬树，或者是这项活动走上了单杠的道路，单杠被认为风险太大，已经基本上从操场上消失了。）”可知，第二段主要描述了镇上已没有人爬树，作者推测了这个现象的原因。因此，A项“孩子们不再爬树的原因”符合段落大意。故选A项。
10、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“I have always believed that, since low-hanging branches provide no benefit to the tree, they must be meant for the child. Robert Frost understood this when he wrote（我一直认为，既然低垂的树枝对树没有好处，那么它们一定是给孩子的。罗伯特·弗罗斯特明白这一点，他这样写道……）”可知，作者认为罗伯特·弗罗斯特的诗体现了树是给孩子们爬着玩的这一想法。故选B项。
11、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据作者描述的小时候爬树的乐趣，结合倒数第二段中“I grabbed the thing, and a moment later was sitting on a branch. Then the memories came flooding back. The old sycamore, the friends, and finally, the reluctance to return to earth when the parental call to supper came.（我抓住了那东西，不一会儿就坐在了一根树干上。然后记忆如潮水般涌上心头。老梧桐树、朋友，最后，当父母喊吃晚饭时对回到地面的抗拒。）”可知，作者在树上体味到了美好的回忆，想让学生一同体会爬树的快乐。由此推知，作者认为学生错过了爬树的乐趣。故选C项。
12、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Right now my phone is sitting next to me untouched. But have I really protected myself from its distractions or its ability to impact my mind? (现在我的手机放在我旁边，没有动过。但是，我真的保护自己免受它的干扰或它影响我的思维能力吗？)”可知，作者认为即使不动手机，自己也可能受其干扰，并就此话题提出一个问题，待下文解答。故可推测第一段的写作意图是介绍这一主题。故选B项。
13、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Cognitive and social psychologist Adrian Ward and his colleagues proposed the “brain drain hypothesis” by showing that just having a phone next to you could impact cognition—specifically, working memory, or the mental system that helps us hold information about what we’re currently doing at a given moment. (认知和社会心理学家Adrian Ward和他的同事提出了“认知流失假说”，他们表明，只要你身边有一部手机，就会影响认知，特别是工作记忆，或者帮助我们掌握特定时刻正在做什么的信息的心理系统)”可知，Adrian Ward和其同事认为手机在身旁会影响认知，并提出“认知流失假说”。故可推测，Adrian Ward认为手机在身边会破坏认知能力。故选D项。
14、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“The farther away a person’s phone was, the better they did on those tasks.? (一个人的手机离得越远，他们在这些任务上做得越好)”可知，手机离人越远, 人们的表现就越好；即手机与人的距离和人的表现有关。故选A项。
15、答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“Right now my phone is sitting next to me untouched. But have I really protected myself from its distractions or its ability to impact my mind? (现在我的手机放在我旁边，没有动过。但是，我真的保护自己免受它的干扰或它影响我心灵的能力吗？)”和最后一段最后两句“If it’s just sitting next to you while you’re working, is that a problem or not? And I think that’s quite an important question to answer, to know more about. (如果你工作时它只是在你旁边，那是不是有问题？我认为这是一个非常重要的问题，需要回答，需要了解更多)”可知，作者认为即使不动手机，自己也可能受其干扰，而在文章最后仍然认为这个问题需要更多的了解，故可知本文主要就是探讨手机导致的“认知流失假说”和手机对认知的影响。故选C项。
16、答案：①-⑤FCBDG
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了应对不确定性的建议。
①由文章标题“Advice For Dealing With Uncertainty (应对不确定性的建议)”和下文各段小标题“Reflect on yourself. (反思自己)”，“Reach out for help. (寻求帮助)”和“Don’t try to make sense of things too soon. (不要试图过早地理解事情)”可知，文章介绍了应对不确定性的建议，承接上下文，F选项“以下提示可能会有所帮助”切题。故选F项。
②由小标题“Reflect on yourself. (反思自己)”和下文“What matters is just that you find time to pause and take stock in the midst of a crisis. (重要的是，你要在危机中抽出时间停下来进行评估)”可知，对于应对不确定性，作者建议之一——反思自己，反思重要的是，你要在危机中抽出时间停下来进行评估，可得出如何反思并不重要，承接上下文，C选项“你如何反思并不重要”切题。故选C项。
③该空选取小标题，需总结下文。由下文“Find some things you want to do — things that take your mind off your worries during uncertain times. Maybe for you it’s baking a pie or organizing a closet or conquering a video game. Whatever it is, think about what feels meaningful or gives you a sense of accomplishment and do that. (找一些你想做的事情——在不确定的时候，让你忘记烦恼的事情。也许对你来说，这是烤馅饼、整理壁橱或征服电子游戏。不管是什么，想想什么感觉有意义或给你成就感，然后去做)”可知，对于应对不确定性，作者建议之一——找到让自己忘记烦恼的东西，承接下文，B选项“找到你当天的‘最佳礼物’”切题，选项中“best gift”指的是让人忘记烦恼的东西。故选B项。
④由下文“you’ll think you’re in a ditch by yourself (你会认为你一个人在沟里)”是主句可知，该空是一个从句，再结合下文“So, call, video-chat or text with a friend; join an online community; or even go old-school and write a letter. (所以，和朋友打电话、视频聊天或发短信；加入在线社区；或者甚至去老派写封信)”作者建议如何与人联系沟通的方法，可得出该空讲如果你不和别人说话的情况，承接下文，D选项“如果你不和别人说话”切题。故选D项。
⑤由上文“So the last tip is more about what we should not do than what we should do. (因此，最后一条建议更多的是关于我们不应该做什么，而不是我们应该做什么)”可知，该空承接上文讲作者认为应该做的事情有哪些，G选项“相反，花时间充电，腾出精力去做有意义的好事”切题。故选G项。
17、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想给那个人一些钱，但是我身上没有现金。A.equipment设备；B.information信息；C.money钱；D.advice建议。根据后半句中的cash，以及后一句“My son 　　2　　　 the man as well and he insisted that I give the man the 30 cents he had.(我儿子也注意到了那个人，他坚持让我把他身上的30美分给那个人)”可知，设空处应填money。故选C项。
18、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我儿子也注意到了那个人，他坚持让我把他身上的30美分给那个人。A.comforted安慰；B.taught教；C.noticed注意；D.attracted吸引。根据第一段“I was driving my 5-year-old son home when I saw a homeless man in the median strip (中央分隔带) in the road.(我开车载5岁的儿子回家，这时我看到一个无家可归的人在路上的中央分隔带区)”，可推断，作者和他的儿子都注意到了隔离带区的那个人。故选C项。
19、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他似乎看透了我的心思，还大声地回应了我。A.apology道歉；B.mind心灵；C.order命令；D. future未来。根据前文“I wanted to give the man some 　　1　　　　　 , but I didn’t have any cash.My son 　　　2　　　the man as well and he insisted that I give the man the 30 cents he had. (我想给那个人一些钱，但是我身上没有现金。我儿子也注意到了那个人，他坚持让我把他身上的30美分给那个人。)”可知，儿子注意到了那个人，也注意到作者想帮忙却心有余力不足，所以儿子坚持拿出自己的钱，用行动来帮助作者，也帮助那人。所以，read one’s mind，意为“看出他人的心思”，mind符合语境。故选B项。
20、答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他想帮忙，我非常高兴，但说实话，我很犹豫要不要那样做。A.happy快乐；B.confused困惑；C.angry愤怒；D.ashamed 羞愧。more than+形容词原形，意为“非常开心”，根据语境，看到5岁的儿子有那份爱心去帮助别人，作者很开心。故选A项。
21、答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他想帮忙，我非常高兴，但说实话，我很犹豫要不要那样做。A.thrilled兴奋的；B.hesitant犹豫的；C.disappointed失望的；D.relieved 释然的。下文“I didn’t want to give just 30 cents to this man who clearly 　　6　　　　more help.(我不想只给那个显然需要更多帮助的人30美分。)”可推知，作者自己没现金可以帮助那个陌生人，而儿子的30美分他又觉得太少，所以很犹豫，要不要给对方。故选B项。
22、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想只给那个显然需要更多帮助的人30美分。A.needed需要；B.rejected拒绝；C.overlooked忽略；D.assessed 评估。根据第一段中“I was driving my 5-year-old son home when I saw a homeless man in the median strip (中央分隔带) in the road.(我开车载5岁的儿子回家，这时我看到一个无家可归的人在路上的中央分隔带区)”可知，对方无家可归，生活艰辛，所以需要很多帮助。故选A项。
23、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我自己的自尊心，以及对那个无家可归的人会因为仅得到两枚硬币而作出失望的反应的担心，都挡住了我的路。A.advantage优势；B.worry担心；C.curiosity好奇心；D.control控制。根据语境，作者认为这区区30美分，实在拿不出手，对方会因为得到的是如此少的两枚硬币而失望，所以作者担心。故选B项。
24、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我自己的自尊心，以及对那个无家可归的人会因为仅得到两枚硬币而作出失望的反应的担心，都挡住了我的路。A.owing欠；B.donating捐；C.receiving收到；D.lending借出。根据语境，作者的儿子坚持把自己的30美分给那位无家可归的人，所以相应的，对方“接收” 这两个硬币，故选C项。
25、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快意识到我是唯一的问题，而交通灯很快就会变绿。A.plan计划；B.change变更；C. result结果；D.problem问题。根据上文“My own pride and 　　　　8　　　 over the homeless man’s disappointed reaction to　　　9　　　　 just two coins stood in the way.(我自己的自尊心，以及对那个无家可归的人会因为仅得到两枚硬币而作出失望的反应的担心，都挡住了我的路。)”，作者在纠结自己没钱给对方，而儿子的30美分会被对方嫌弃太少，这些都是作者自己的内心想法，故作者是“唯一的”问题，只有自己在纠结。故选D项。
26、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直教他如何帮助别人，既然他想要给予他所能提供的一切，我不应该让我个人的自我中心破坏了这一善举。A.helping帮助；B.forgiving宽恕；C.following跟随；D.tolerating宽容。根据上文“My son 　　2　　　 the man as well and he insisted that I give the man the 30 cents he had. It seemed that he had read my 　　　3　　　　 and he responded out loud.(我儿子也注意到了那个人，他坚持让我把他身上的30美分给那个人。他似乎看透了我的心思，还大声地回应了我。)”可知，作者平时有给儿子灌输帮助别人的思想，此时此刻，他才会愿意倾囊相助，helping符合题意。故选A项。
27、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直教他如何帮助别人，既然他想要给予他所能提供的一切，我不应该让我个人的自我中心破坏了这一善举。A.abandon放弃；B. record记录；C.achieve实现 ；D.offer提供。根据上文“My son 　　　　2　　　 the man as well and he insisted that I give the man the 30 cents he had.(我儿子也注意到了那个人，他坚持让我把他身上的30美分给那个人。)”可知，作者的儿子拥有30美分，这是他能提供的全部，offer符合语境。故选D项。
28、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直教他如何帮助别人，既然他想要给予他所能提供的一切，我不应该让我个人的自我中心破坏了这一善举。A.preserve保存；B.promote促进；C.forget忘记；D.ruin毁灭。根据上文“My own pride and 　　　8　　　　　 over the homeless man’s disappointed reaction to 　　　9　　　　just two coins stood in the way.(我自己的自尊心，以及对那个无家可归的人会因为仅得到两枚硬币而作出失望的反应的担心，都挡住了我的路。)”可知，作者自尊心作祟，觉得30美分实在拿不出手，不想把它给那个陌生人，这么做，会毁了5岁儿子的善举。ruin符合语境。故选D项。
29、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我差点就告诉我儿子：让我们等到至少有一美元的时候再给予他吧。A.give给；B.escape逃跑；C.fight打架；D.drive驱动。根据下一句“I almost told my son that what he had wasn’t 　　　14　　　　.(我差点告诉儿子他所拥有的30美分对那个无家可归的人来说是不够的。)”可知，30美分实在太少了，再稍微积攒多一点硬币，这时再赠与这个陌生人，对他的帮助可以大一点。give符合语境。故选A项。
30、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我差点告诉儿子他所拥有的30美分对那个无家可归的人来说是不够的。A.enough足够；B. real真实的；C.simple简单；D.worthless一文不值的。上文“I didn’t want to give just 30 cents to this man who clearly 　　6 more help.(我不想只给那个显然需要更多帮助的人30美分。)”可知，30美分，对于这个陌生人，是杯水车薪，是远远不够的。故选A项。  
31、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我差点向他挑明，他所认为的好事对一个人的生活并不会产生任何影响。A.mess混乱；B.choice选择；C.difference差异；D.wish愿望。此处考查短语make a difference to...，意为“对……产生影响”，设空处应填difference。故选C项。
32、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我差点教育他：个人的自尊心比帮助他人更重要。A.kindness善良；B.pride自尊（心）；C.generosity慷慨；D.success成功。前文“My own pride and 　　　7　　　　 over the homeless man's disappointed reaction to 　　　　8　　　　 just two coins stood in the way.(我自己的自尊心，担心那个无家可归的人会因为仅得到两枚硬币而作出失望的反应，都挡住了我的路。)”可知，作者自尊心作祟，阻止他把30美分的善意给陌生人。故选B项。
33、答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸亏，我很快摆脱了那些愚蠢的想法。A.Unfortunately不幸的是；B.Thankfully满怀感谢的，幸亏；C.Initially开始；D.Casually漫不经心地。根据语境，作者处于自尊心，原本不愿把儿子的30美分给陌生人，但最后“I shouldn’t let my personal self-centeredness 　　12　　　　 this act of kindness.(我不应该让我个人的自我中心破坏了这一善举)”可知，幸亏作者想保护好儿子的善意，他改变了决定。Thankfully符合语境，故选B项。
34、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很抱歉。我身上没带现金，但我5岁的儿子在车里，他现在想把他所有的钱都给你。A.bank银行；B.garage车库；C.car汽车；D.road道路。根据第一段“I was driving my 5-year-old son home when I saw a homeless man in the median strip (中央分隔带) in the road.(我开车载5岁的儿子回家，这时我看到一个无家可归的人在路上的中央分隔带区)”，可知作者和儿子都在车上。故选C项。
35、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我惊讶的是，那个人的脸上洋溢起了笑容，那灿烂的笑容照亮了十字路口。A.horror恐怖；B.embarrassment尴尬；C.sadness悲伤；D.surprise惊讶。上文“I didn’t want to give just 30 cents to this man who clearly 　　　6　　　　 more help.(我不想只给那个显然需要更多帮助的人30美分。)”,作者觉得30美分实在太少了，结果对方在听到作者说“ I don’t have any cash on me, but my 5-year-old son back in the　　　18　　　　wants to give you everything he has right now.(我很抱歉。我身上没带现金，但我5岁的儿子在车里，他现在想把他所有的钱都给你)”，对方笑了，所以我很惊讶，而他原以为对方会失望的。surprise符合语境。故选D项。
36、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：唯一能与那个陌生人的笑容相媲美的是我儿子脸上更灿烂的笑容。A.disappearance消失；B.challenge挑战；C.pressure压力；D.brightness亮度。根据上文“To my 　　19　　　　　 , the smile on that man's face lit up the intersection.(让我惊讶的是，那个人的脸上洋溢起了笑容，那灿烂的笑容照亮了十字路口。)”可知，这位陌生人笑得很开心，the brightness of his smile，意为“他灿烂的笑容”，brightness符合语境。故选D项。
37、答案：①preparation②formally③Located④larger⑤to show⑥the⑦than⑧which⑨leading⑩said
解析：这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了故宫博物院即将建新的分馆的新闻，介绍了新馆的选址，占地面积和将会发挥的功能。
①考查名词。句意：经过近十年的筹备工作，中国最大的文物展览博物馆故宫博物院新分院在北京正式开工建设。名词作定语，往往是说明材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等，此处用名词preparation作定语，修饰名词work，故填preparation。
②考查副词。句意：经过近十年的筹备工作，中国最大的文物展览博物馆故宫博物院新分院在北京正式开工建设。副词formally作状语，修饰动词短语kicked off。故填formally。
③考查过去分词。句意：位于海淀区西峪河村的新分馆将包括一个超过60000平方米的文物展览空间。固定搭配be located in (位于)，分析句子可知，用过去分词located作状语，首字母大写。故填Located。
④考查形容词比较级。句意：我们将有更大的空间来满足人们的期望，提高我们展示中国古代文明的能力。much修饰比较级，结合句意，用形容词比较级larger作定语，修饰名词space。故填larger。
⑤考查不定式。句意：我们将有更大的空间来满足人们的期望，提高我们展示中国古代文明的能力。抽象名词capacity后，show用不定式作后置定语。故填to show。
⑥考查定冠词。句意：根据网上发布的建设项目官方文件，包括文物仓库和办公室在内的第一阶段将耗时约三年半完成。特指第一阶段，用定冠词the。故填the。
⑦考查固定搭配。句意：据估计，新的分馆每年可以展出超过2万至3万件文物，并将提供更大、设备更好的仓库来存放需要更多关注的脆弱物品，如丝绸，这需要更多的关注。固定搭配more than (超过)。故填than。
⑧考查定语从句。句意：据估计，新的分馆每年可以展出超过2万至3万件文物，并将提供更大、设备更好的仓库来存放需要更多关注的脆弱物品，如丝绸，它们需要更多的关注。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是fragile items，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
⑨考查现在分词。句意：“我们的目标是把这个分馆建设成一个既继承古代经典又引领未来的博物馆。”新馆的总建筑师张宇在去年12月说。非谓语动词lead和逻辑主语a museum是主动关系，lead用现在分词作后置定语，修饰名词a museum，与现在分词inheriting是并列的后置定语。故填leading。
⑩考查时态。句意：“我们的目标是把这个分馆建设成一个既继承古代经典又引领未来的博物馆。”新馆的总建筑师张宇在去年12月说。结合时间状语in December，谓语动词say用一般过去时。故填said。
38、答案：
There are respectable people around me. Among, the person I respect most is my father. He is ordinary middle school teacher who devotes himself to teaching. It is the love for his career that him achieve a lot in his work. He has his students’ respect. My father is very busy every day, but he still spares some to accompany me, sharing many things with me about his work. Whenever I come across problems in my life, he will encourage me to overcome them. I love him deeply. lucky I am to have such a good father!
解析：这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了最尊敬的人——父亲。
1. 考查代词。句意：我周围有许多值得尊敬的人。people是集合名词，复数，much后接不可数名词，many后接可数名词复数。故将much改为many。
2. 考查宾格代词。句意：其中我最尊敬的人是我的父亲。介词Among后用宾格代词them。故将they改为them。
3. 考查冠词。句意：他是一位全身心投入教学的普通中学教师。泛指一位普通中学教师，ordinary以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故在ordinary前加an。
4. 考查主谓一致。句意：正是对事业的热爱使他在工作中取得了很大成就。该句是强调句型，主语the love，不可数名词，谓语动词make用单数形式。故将make改为makes。
5. 考查时态。句意：他赢得了学生们的尊敬。结合助动词has，主动语态，用现在完成时（has done），用过去分词won。故将win改为won。
6. 考查名词。句意：父亲每天都很忙，但他仍然抽出一些时间陪我，和我分享他工作中的许多有趣的事情。time (时间)不可数名词，没有复数形式。故将times改为time。
7. 考查形容词。句意：父亲每天都很忙，但他仍然抽出一些时间陪我，和我分享他工作中的许多有趣的事情。此处修饰名词things，应用-ing结尾形容词amusing“有趣的”。故将amused改为amusing。
8. 考查固定搭配。句意：每当我遇到生活中的问题，他都会鼓励我勇敢地克服它们。固定搭配come across (遇到、偶遇)。故去掉with。
9. 考查副词。句意：每当我遇到生活中的问题，他都会鼓励我勇敢地克服它们。此处修饰动词overcome，应用副词，作状语。故将brave改为bravely。
10. 考查感叹句。句意：我真幸运，有这么好的父亲！此感叹句中心词为形容词lucky，lucky作表语，用how引导，how+adj./adv.+主语+谓语。故将What改为How。
39、答案：
The New Skill I Want to Learn
The new skill that I want to learn in summer vacation is cooking.
As we all know, cooking is the most basic life skill. Learning to cook for middle school students can prepare them for an independent life in society after graduation. Cooking at home is healthier and cheaper than eating out or ordering take-out.
I plan to learn to cook with my mother at home during the summer vacation. I can watch her cook, memorize the steps of cooking, and practice it myself.
I believe that with my mother's help, I can certainly learn to cook in the summer vacation.
解析：