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适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题1第3讲情态动词和虚拟语气课件
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这是一份适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题1第3讲情态动词和虚拟语气课件，共52页。PPT课件主要包含了内容索引，情境导入，考点解读，技法图解，考点达标检测，能力 ，能够 ，不得不 ，客观需要 ，必须 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Lucy is an utging lady.She can①play many kinds f musical instruments. Actually,she culd② play the pian when she was 8 years ld. Lucy als keeps taking exercise every day.She says that she has t③ d sme sprts because she must④ keep fit.Lucy treats me as if she were⑤my sister.She is nice but fat.If she were nt s fat,she wuld lk⑥ like a super mdel.Last year,a dctr advised that she (shuld) eat⑦mre vegetables and fruit.He als made a suggestin that she (shuld) wrk ut⑧ regularly.Besides,he insisted that she (shuld) walk⑨ t schl.If she had fllwed the dctr’s advice,she wuld nt be⑩s fat nw.In ther wrds,if the dctr had persuaded her t d s,she wuld nt have becme⑪ verweight.
用法感悟1.①can和②culd表 ,意为“ ”。 2.③has t 表示“ ”。强调 。④must表 ,强调说话者的 。 3.根据⑤可知,as if引导方式状语从句,与现在事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式,be动词一律用 。
4.(1)根据⑥可知,表示与现在事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用过去式(be一律用were),主句的谓语用 。 (2)根据⑦和⑨可知,在advise,insist(坚决主张)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“ ”。 (3)根据⑧可知,suggestin后的同位语从句中,谓语动词用“ ”。 (4)⑩所在句为错综时间条件句,本句的虚拟条件句与 相反,主句与 相反。 (5)⑪所在句表示与过去事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用 ,主句的谓语用wuld have+过去分词。
(shuld+)动词原形
1.情态动词的基本用法(1)can和culd的用法
(2)may和might的用法
(3)must的用法
(4)shall的用法
(5)shuld的用法
(6)will和wuld的用法
2.情态动词的推测用法
He must be ill.He lks s pale.他一定是病了。他的脸色很苍白。They might be having a meeting,but I’m nt sure.他们有可能正在开会,不过我不确定。—Smene is kncking at the dr.Wh can it be?有人在敲门,会是谁呢?—It can’t be Jim.He is still at schl.一定不是吉姆,他还在上课呢。She prmised t cme by 10.She shuld be here at any mment.她答应10点之前来,她随时都可能来到这儿。
3.情态动词+have dne
We culd have faced the difficulty tgether,but why didn’t yu tell me?我们本来可以一起面对困难,但是你为什么不告诉我?Mark needn’t have hurried.After driving at tp speed,he arrived half an hur early.马克本不必着急。他开快车后,早到了半小时。Srry,I’m late.I might have turned ff the alarm clck and gne back t sleep again.对不起,我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。Lk!There are s many mistakes in yur cmpsitin.Yu shuld have fixed full attentin n it.看!你的作文里有这么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。
小题快练 用适当的情态动词填空1.—Excuse me,d yu mind if I pen the windw?—Well,if yu .I can put n mre clthes.
2.Lack f sleep lead t weakened immunity and memry,and als slw physical grwth.
考查情态动词。句意:“不好意思,你介意我把窗户打开吗?”“好吧,如果你一定要这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服。”must表示“偏要,非要”。
考查情态动词。句意:睡眠不足会导致免疫力和记忆力下降,还会减缓身体发育。此处表示理论上或是逻辑判断上的可能性,故填can。
3.There is a real pssibility that these animals culd be frightened, there be a sudden lud nise.
4.The law is equally applied t everyne.N ne be abve it.
考查虚拟语气和倒装句。句意:如果突然有很大的响声,这些动物就真的有可能会受到惊吓。本句含有一个省略了if的虚拟条件句,并且是与将来事实相反,从句中谓语动词可以使用“shuld+动词原形”,shuld意为“假如,万一”;原句为:If there shuld be a sudden lud nise,there is a real pssibility that these animals culd be frightened.
考查情态动词。句意:法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。shall用于第二、第三人称,含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁等语气。
5.Yu be Carl.Yu haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
考查情态动词。句意:你肯定是卡萝尔,这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测。
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
If he had time nw,he wuld/shuld/culd/might g with yu.要是他现在有时间,他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)If yu had cme a few minutes earlier,yu wuld/shuld/culd/might have met the famus singer.如果你早来几分钟,你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)If it were t snw/shuld snw/snwed this evening,they wuld/shuld/culd/might nt g ut.如果今天晚上下雪,他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
[名师点津]三种特殊的虚拟条件从句
2.虚拟语气在名词性从句以及其他句式中的应用(1)主语从句中的虚拟语气在“It is+imprtant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity +that...”句型中,谓语动词用(shuld+)动词原形。It’s vital that we (shuld) take ur safety driving alng the rad seriusly.重要的是我们应该认真对待我们在路上的安全驾驶。
(2)宾语从句中的虚拟语气①动词wish后的宾语从句。表示现在的情况,从句谓语用过去式;表示过去的情况,从句谓语用过去完成时;表示将来的情况,从句谓语用“wuld/shuld/culd/might+动词原形”。I wish I were ten years yunger nw.我希望我现在年轻十岁。I wish I had met him yesterday.我昨天能遇到他就好了。I wish I wuld be a scientist in the future.我希望将来成为科学家。
②在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语用“shuld+动词原形”,shuld可省略。这类动词有:suggest,recmmend,insist, rder,require,advise,demand,cmmand,ask,request,prpse等。He suggested that we (shuld) be there in time.他建议我们及时到那儿。
[名师点津]①suggest意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。②insist意为“坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The man insisted that he had never stlen mney.这人坚持说他没有偷钱。③在wuld rather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况,用过去完成式表示过去的情况。I wuld rather yu tld me the truth.我宁愿你跟我讲真话。I wuld rather yu had been present then.我倒愿意你当时在场。
(3)表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气①在 suggestin,prpsal,rder,plan,idea,request,advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。谓语动词构成是“(shuld+)动词原形”。He gave rders that the guests (shuld) be hspitably entertained.他命令要热情款待客人。②as if,as thugh引导的表语从句和方式状语从句常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。She lks as if nthing had happened t her.她看起来好像什么事情都没有发生过一样。[名师点津]如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生,那么从句可用陈述语气。
(4)固定句式中的虚拟语气①在“It is (abut/high) time+that从句”中,谓语动词常用过去式表示虚拟语气。It’s high time that we devted urselves t envirnmental prtectin.是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。②if nly引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。Lk at the truble we’re in.If nly we had taken ur teacher’s advice!看看我们所处的困境,要是我们接受老师的建议就好了!
小题快练 单句语法填空1.He messed the prject up,but he behaved as if nthing (happen).
2.We wuld rather ur daughter (stay) at hme with us,but it is her chice,and she is nt a child any lnger.
had happened
句意:他把计划搞砸了,但他表现得若无其事。as if引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气,与过去事实相反时从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
句意:我们宁愿女儿和我们待在家里,但这是她自己的选择,她已经不是孩子了。在wuld rather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况。
3.Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he (d) smething instead f just talking.
4.He insisted that he (be) seriusly ill and that (send) t hspital at nce.
句意:杰克是个很健谈的人。他该做点什么而不是光说不练了。在“It is (abut/high) time+that从句”中,谓语动词常用过去式表示虚拟语气。
(shuld) be sent
句意:他坚持说他病得很重,得马上送医院。insist表示“坚持说”时,从句用陈述语气,此处表示过去的事,因此用一般过去时;表示“坚决主张”时,从句用虚拟语气,即(shuld+)动词原形,he与send之间为被动关系,因此填(shuld) be sent。
5.If he (fllw) my advice,he wuldn’t have lst his jb.
had fllwed
句意:如果他听了我的劝告,他就不会丢了工作。与过去事实相反时,if从句用过去完成时,主句用wuld/shuld/culd/might have dne。
【例1】 Yu never be t careful while driving.Yu knw, many traffic accidents result frm carelessness. 分析:结合第一条注意可知,句中be为原形,因此需考虑用情态动词。cannt/can “无论……也不过分”,为固定短语。【例2】 He telephned t infrm me f yur birthday,r I (knw) nthing abut it. 分析:结合第二条注意可知,句中r为标志词,此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故应用wuld have dne。
wuld have knwn
Ⅰ.单句语法填空模拟冲关1.T survive the frequent flds and ther natural disasters,wd (prefer) fr mst architectural structures in ancient China.
was preferred
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:为了在频繁的洪水和其他自然灾害中幸存下来,中国古代的大多数建筑结构首选木材。根据后文in ancient China可知应用一般过去时,且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,故应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为wd,谓语动词用单数。故填was preferred。
2.In time when ur interactins with thers and the large amunt f infrmatin we take in (be)all t transient(转瞬即逝的),perhaps it is wrth making mre time fr reading ut lud.
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:当我们与他人的互动和我们接收到的大量信息都太过短暂时,也许值得花更多的时间大声朗读。此处陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语为interactins和the large amunt f infrmatin,谓语动词使用复数形式。故填are。
3.We (plan) this fr tw mnths nw.
have been planning
考查时态。句意:我们已经计划这个两个月了。本句用现在完成进行时,表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去。故填have been planning。
4.“Tnight we have raised rughly $3,000 in prfit,which means ver 1,000 children can get the educatin they deserve,” he said.“ yu,tnight wuld nt have been pssible.”
5.Bth headlines (put) frward by a majr new study int diet and health utcmes.
考查虚拟语气。本句考查介词withut引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故填Withut。
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这两个标题都是由一项关于饮食和健康结果的重大新研究提出的。此处陈述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时,主语Bth headlines与put为被动关系。可知,此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数,谓语动词使用复数形式。故填were put。
6.My cmputer didn’t start this mrning.There have been smething wrng with it.
考查情态动词。句意:我的电脑今天早上没启动。它一定出了什么问题。“对过去有把握的推测”用must have dne。
真题演练1.(2022全国甲卷)In the last five years,Ca (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents,and in 2016,he reached the tp f Kilimanjar,Africa’s highest muntain.
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the last five years可知,该处用现在完成时,该句主语为Ca,为第三人称单数,故用has walked。
2.(2022全国乙卷)The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety (address) the pening ceremny.
考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去的事情,用一般过去时。故填addressed。
3.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that (be) previusly unprtected,bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
考查时态和主谓一致。此处关系代词that引导定语从句,that在定语从句中作主语,指代先行词areas,空处在从句中作谓语,因为that指代复数名词,所以谓语用复数形式,根据previusly可知用一般过去时。故填were。
4.(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Henry ① (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny.He quickly ② (thrw) his tls aside,and started running,arms ut.
was fixing
①考查时态。句意:亨利正在修车,这时他听到尖叫声。此处是句型was/were ding sth when...(正在做某事这时……)。主语是Henry,故填was fixing。②考查时态。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。and连接并列谓语,根据 started可知此处应该使用一般过去时。thrw为动词,意为“扔”,过去式为threw。故填threw。
5.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.
考查时态。分析句子结构可知,hw引导的是宾语从句,正常语序应为It hw hard fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place。此处描述过去的情况,所以此处填入was。
Ⅱ.语法与写作1.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)对你的面试定在周日上午9点,希望你谈谈如何提高中国学生的英语沟通能力。(一般现在时的被动语态)
2.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)《青年》成立于10年前,一直深受学生欢迎。(现在完成进行时)
The interview with yu is scheduled at 9 n Sunday mrning and yu are expected t talk abut hw t imprve the Chinese students’ cmmunicatin skills in English.
Funded 10 years ag,Yuth has been enjying great ppularity amng students.
3.(2021全国甲卷,书面表达) 最近,我们学校计划举办一场介绍中国传统文化的主题班会,并将在一些英语网站上发布。(现在进行时)
4.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Bernard正在街上忧心忡忡地走,这时Jhn来帮他了。(过去进行时)
Recently ur schl is planning t hld a theme class meeting t intrduce traditinal Chinese cultures,which will be psted n sme English websites.
Bernard was wandering wrriedly in the street when Jhn came t his assistance.
5.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)若没有她的帮助和专业的指导,我不可能在英语学习方面取得如此大的进步。(含蓄虚拟条件句)
But fr/Withut her help and prfessinal instructin,I culdn’t have made such great prgress in English study.
Ⅲ.语法填空(谓语动词专练)My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1. (remind) me f myself.In the past,I 2. (be) never cnfident because f my appearance.Peple always laughed at my weight,my height,my hairstyle,etc.At that time,I was the shrtest student in my class.I started getting depressed. Hwever,smene tld me smething that I will always remember. It was in March.Surrunded by a grup f girls wh 3. (pint) at me and laughed at me,I culdn’t help crying.The tears rlled dwn my face like a rushing river.T my surprise,smene lifted my head up and wiped the tears frm my eyes.
I then knew it was ur English teacher,Miss Li.She said.“Yu 4. (be) perfect the way yu are.Yu shuld never change r hate yurself.Peple 5. (accept) yu fr wh yu 6. (be).But if yu cannt accept yurself,then hw will ther peple accept yu?” I 7. (inspire) by her wrds.Over the past few mnths,I 8. (learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws.Nw I have wnderful friends wh 9. (lve) me fr wh I am. Nw,seeing Kaiya cry,I decide t tell her the same thing Miss Li 10. (tell) me.
will accept
was inspired
have learned/learnt
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历告诉自己的朋友Kaiya:做人要自信,要相信自己。1.reminds 根据第一句的时态可推知本空应该用一般现在时,又因为主语为第三人称单数,故答案为 reminds。2.was 根据语境中的In the past 可知设空处用一般过去时,故答案为 was。3.pinted 根据后面的laughed 可知设空处为 pinted。4.are 本句为直接引语,故用一般现在时。5.will accept 结合下文的“then hw will ther peple accept yu”可知答案为 will accept。6.are 由上下文语境可知应填are。
Lucy is an utging lady.She can①play many kinds f musical instruments. Actually,she culd② play the pian when she was 8 years ld. Lucy als keeps taking exercise every day.She says that she has t③ d sme sprts because she must④ keep fit.Lucy treats me as if she were⑤my sister.She is nice but fat.If she were nt s fat,she wuld lk⑥ like a super mdel.Last year,a dctr advised that she (shuld) eat⑦mre vegetables and fruit.He als made a suggestin that she (shuld) wrk ut⑧ regularly.Besides,he insisted that she (shuld) walk⑨ t schl.If she had fllwed the dctr’s advice,she wuld nt be⑩s fat nw.In ther wrds,if the dctr had persuaded her t d s,she wuld nt have becme⑪ verweight.
用法感悟1.①can和②culd表 ,意为“ ”。 2.③has t 表示“ ”。强调 。④must表 ,强调说话者的 。 3.根据⑤可知,as if引导方式状语从句,与现在事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式,be动词一律用 。
4.(1)根据⑥可知,表示与现在事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用过去式(be一律用were),主句的谓语用 。 (2)根据⑦和⑨可知,在advise,insist(坚决主张)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“ ”。 (3)根据⑧可知,suggestin后的同位语从句中,谓语动词用“ ”。 (4)⑩所在句为错综时间条件句,本句的虚拟条件句与 相反,主句与 相反。 (5)⑪所在句表示与过去事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用 ,主句的谓语用wuld have+过去分词。
(shuld+)动词原形
1.情态动词的基本用法(1)can和culd的用法
(2)may和might的用法
(3)must的用法
(4)shall的用法
(5)shuld的用法
(6)will和wuld的用法
2.情态动词的推测用法
He must be ill.He lks s pale.他一定是病了。他的脸色很苍白。They might be having a meeting,but I’m nt sure.他们有可能正在开会,不过我不确定。—Smene is kncking at the dr.Wh can it be?有人在敲门,会是谁呢?—It can’t be Jim.He is still at schl.一定不是吉姆,他还在上课呢。She prmised t cme by 10.She shuld be here at any mment.她答应10点之前来,她随时都可能来到这儿。
3.情态动词+have dne
We culd have faced the difficulty tgether,but why didn’t yu tell me?我们本来可以一起面对困难,但是你为什么不告诉我?Mark needn’t have hurried.After driving at tp speed,he arrived half an hur early.马克本不必着急。他开快车后,早到了半小时。Srry,I’m late.I might have turned ff the alarm clck and gne back t sleep again.对不起,我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。Lk!There are s many mistakes in yur cmpsitin.Yu shuld have fixed full attentin n it.看!你的作文里有这么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。
小题快练 用适当的情态动词填空1.—Excuse me,d yu mind if I pen the windw?—Well,if yu .I can put n mre clthes.
2.Lack f sleep lead t weakened immunity and memry,and als slw physical grwth.
考查情态动词。句意:“不好意思,你介意我把窗户打开吗?”“好吧,如果你一定要这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服。”must表示“偏要,非要”。
考查情态动词。句意:睡眠不足会导致免疫力和记忆力下降,还会减缓身体发育。此处表示理论上或是逻辑判断上的可能性,故填can。
3.There is a real pssibility that these animals culd be frightened, there be a sudden lud nise.
4.The law is equally applied t everyne.N ne be abve it.
考查虚拟语气和倒装句。句意:如果突然有很大的响声,这些动物就真的有可能会受到惊吓。本句含有一个省略了if的虚拟条件句,并且是与将来事实相反,从句中谓语动词可以使用“shuld+动词原形”,shuld意为“假如,万一”;原句为:If there shuld be a sudden lud nise,there is a real pssibility that these animals culd be frightened.
考查情态动词。句意:法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。shall用于第二、第三人称,含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁等语气。
5.Yu be Carl.Yu haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
考查情态动词。句意:你肯定是卡萝尔,这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测。
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
If he had time nw,he wuld/shuld/culd/might g with yu.要是他现在有时间,他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)If yu had cme a few minutes earlier,yu wuld/shuld/culd/might have met the famus singer.如果你早来几分钟,你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)If it were t snw/shuld snw/snwed this evening,they wuld/shuld/culd/might nt g ut.如果今天晚上下雪,他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
[名师点津]三种特殊的虚拟条件从句
2.虚拟语气在名词性从句以及其他句式中的应用(1)主语从句中的虚拟语气在“It is+imprtant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity +that...”句型中,谓语动词用(shuld+)动词原形。It’s vital that we (shuld) take ur safety driving alng the rad seriusly.重要的是我们应该认真对待我们在路上的安全驾驶。
(2)宾语从句中的虚拟语气①动词wish后的宾语从句。表示现在的情况,从句谓语用过去式;表示过去的情况,从句谓语用过去完成时;表示将来的情况,从句谓语用“wuld/shuld/culd/might+动词原形”。I wish I were ten years yunger nw.我希望我现在年轻十岁。I wish I had met him yesterday.我昨天能遇到他就好了。I wish I wuld be a scientist in the future.我希望将来成为科学家。
②在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语用“shuld+动词原形”,shuld可省略。这类动词有:suggest,recmmend,insist, rder,require,advise,demand,cmmand,ask,request,prpse等。He suggested that we (shuld) be there in time.他建议我们及时到那儿。
[名师点津]①suggest意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。②insist意为“坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The man insisted that he had never stlen mney.这人坚持说他没有偷钱。③在wuld rather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况,用过去完成式表示过去的情况。I wuld rather yu tld me the truth.我宁愿你跟我讲真话。I wuld rather yu had been present then.我倒愿意你当时在场。
(3)表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气①在 suggestin,prpsal,rder,plan,idea,request,advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。谓语动词构成是“(shuld+)动词原形”。He gave rders that the guests (shuld) be hspitably entertained.他命令要热情款待客人。②as if,as thugh引导的表语从句和方式状语从句常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。She lks as if nthing had happened t her.她看起来好像什么事情都没有发生过一样。[名师点津]如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生,那么从句可用陈述语气。
(4)固定句式中的虚拟语气①在“It is (abut/high) time+that从句”中,谓语动词常用过去式表示虚拟语气。It’s high time that we devted urselves t envirnmental prtectin.是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。②if nly引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。Lk at the truble we’re in.If nly we had taken ur teacher’s advice!看看我们所处的困境,要是我们接受老师的建议就好了!
小题快练 单句语法填空1.He messed the prject up,but he behaved as if nthing (happen).
2.We wuld rather ur daughter (stay) at hme with us,but it is her chice,and she is nt a child any lnger.
had happened
句意:他把计划搞砸了,但他表现得若无其事。as if引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气,与过去事实相反时从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
句意:我们宁愿女儿和我们待在家里,但这是她自己的选择,她已经不是孩子了。在wuld rather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况。
3.Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he (d) smething instead f just talking.
4.He insisted that he (be) seriusly ill and that (send) t hspital at nce.
句意:杰克是个很健谈的人。他该做点什么而不是光说不练了。在“It is (abut/high) time+that从句”中,谓语动词常用过去式表示虚拟语气。
(shuld) be sent
句意:他坚持说他病得很重,得马上送医院。insist表示“坚持说”时,从句用陈述语气,此处表示过去的事,因此用一般过去时;表示“坚决主张”时,从句用虚拟语气,即(shuld+)动词原形,he与send之间为被动关系,因此填(shuld) be sent。
5.If he (fllw) my advice,he wuldn’t have lst his jb.
had fllwed
句意:如果他听了我的劝告,他就不会丢了工作。与过去事实相反时,if从句用过去完成时,主句用wuld/shuld/culd/might have dne。
【例1】 Yu never be t careful while driving.Yu knw, many traffic accidents result frm carelessness. 分析:结合第一条注意可知,句中be为原形,因此需考虑用情态动词。cannt/can “无论……也不过分”,为固定短语。【例2】 He telephned t infrm me f yur birthday,r I (knw) nthing abut it. 分析:结合第二条注意可知,句中r为标志词,此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故应用wuld have dne。
wuld have knwn
Ⅰ.单句语法填空模拟冲关1.T survive the frequent flds and ther natural disasters,wd (prefer) fr mst architectural structures in ancient China.
was preferred
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:为了在频繁的洪水和其他自然灾害中幸存下来,中国古代的大多数建筑结构首选木材。根据后文in ancient China可知应用一般过去时,且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,故应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为wd,谓语动词用单数。故填was preferred。
2.In time when ur interactins with thers and the large amunt f infrmatin we take in (be)all t transient(转瞬即逝的),perhaps it is wrth making mre time fr reading ut lud.
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:当我们与他人的互动和我们接收到的大量信息都太过短暂时,也许值得花更多的时间大声朗读。此处陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语为interactins和the large amunt f infrmatin,谓语动词使用复数形式。故填are。
3.We (plan) this fr tw mnths nw.
have been planning
考查时态。句意:我们已经计划这个两个月了。本句用现在完成进行时,表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去。故填have been planning。
4.“Tnight we have raised rughly $3,000 in prfit,which means ver 1,000 children can get the educatin they deserve,” he said.“ yu,tnight wuld nt have been pssible.”
5.Bth headlines (put) frward by a majr new study int diet and health utcmes.
考查虚拟语气。本句考查介词withut引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故填Withut。
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这两个标题都是由一项关于饮食和健康结果的重大新研究提出的。此处陈述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时,主语Bth headlines与put为被动关系。可知,此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数,谓语动词使用复数形式。故填were put。
6.My cmputer didn’t start this mrning.There have been smething wrng with it.
考查情态动词。句意:我的电脑今天早上没启动。它一定出了什么问题。“对过去有把握的推测”用must have dne。
真题演练1.(2022全国甲卷)In the last five years,Ca (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents,and in 2016,he reached the tp f Kilimanjar,Africa’s highest muntain.
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the last five years可知,该处用现在完成时,该句主语为Ca,为第三人称单数,故用has walked。
2.(2022全国乙卷)The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety (address) the pening ceremny.
考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去的事情,用一般过去时。故填addressed。
3.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that (be) previusly unprtected,bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
考查时态和主谓一致。此处关系代词that引导定语从句,that在定语从句中作主语,指代先行词areas,空处在从句中作谓语,因为that指代复数名词,所以谓语用复数形式,根据previusly可知用一般过去时。故填were。
4.(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Henry ① (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny.He quickly ② (thrw) his tls aside,and started running,arms ut.
was fixing
①考查时态。句意:亨利正在修车,这时他听到尖叫声。此处是句型was/were ding sth when...(正在做某事这时……)。主语是Henry,故填was fixing。②考查时态。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。and连接并列谓语,根据 started可知此处应该使用一般过去时。thrw为动词,意为“扔”,过去式为threw。故填threw。
5.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.
考查时态。分析句子结构可知,hw引导的是宾语从句,正常语序应为It hw hard fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place。此处描述过去的情况,所以此处填入was。
Ⅱ.语法与写作1.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)对你的面试定在周日上午9点,希望你谈谈如何提高中国学生的英语沟通能力。(一般现在时的被动语态)
2.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)《青年》成立于10年前,一直深受学生欢迎。(现在完成进行时)
The interview with yu is scheduled at 9 n Sunday mrning and yu are expected t talk abut hw t imprve the Chinese students’ cmmunicatin skills in English.
Funded 10 years ag,Yuth has been enjying great ppularity amng students.
3.(2021全国甲卷,书面表达) 最近,我们学校计划举办一场介绍中国传统文化的主题班会,并将在一些英语网站上发布。(现在进行时)
4.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Bernard正在街上忧心忡忡地走,这时Jhn来帮他了。(过去进行时)
Recently ur schl is planning t hld a theme class meeting t intrduce traditinal Chinese cultures,which will be psted n sme English websites.
Bernard was wandering wrriedly in the street when Jhn came t his assistance.
5.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)若没有她的帮助和专业的指导,我不可能在英语学习方面取得如此大的进步。(含蓄虚拟条件句)
But fr/Withut her help and prfessinal instructin,I culdn’t have made such great prgress in English study.
Ⅲ.语法填空(谓语动词专练)My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1. (remind) me f myself.In the past,I 2. (be) never cnfident because f my appearance.Peple always laughed at my weight,my height,my hairstyle,etc.At that time,I was the shrtest student in my class.I started getting depressed. Hwever,smene tld me smething that I will always remember. It was in March.Surrunded by a grup f girls wh 3. (pint) at me and laughed at me,I culdn’t help crying.The tears rlled dwn my face like a rushing river.T my surprise,smene lifted my head up and wiped the tears frm my eyes.
I then knew it was ur English teacher,Miss Li.She said.“Yu 4. (be) perfect the way yu are.Yu shuld never change r hate yurself.Peple 5. (accept) yu fr wh yu 6. (be).But if yu cannt accept yurself,then hw will ther peple accept yu?” I 7. (inspire) by her wrds.Over the past few mnths,I 8. (learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws.Nw I have wnderful friends wh 9. (lve) me fr wh I am. Nw,seeing Kaiya cry,I decide t tell her the same thing Miss Li 10. (tell) me.
will accept
was inspired
have learned/learnt
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历告诉自己的朋友Kaiya:做人要自信,要相信自己。1.reminds 根据第一句的时态可推知本空应该用一般现在时,又因为主语为第三人称单数,故答案为 reminds。2.was 根据语境中的In the past 可知设空处用一般过去时,故答案为 was。3.pinted 根据后面的laughed 可知设空处为 pinted。4.are 本句为直接引语,故用一般现在时。5.will accept 结合下文的“then hw will ther peple accept yu”可知答案为 will accept。6.are 由上下文语境可知应填are。
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