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适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题2非谓语动词课件外研版
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这是一份适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题2非谓语动词课件外研版，共55页。PPT课件主要包含了内容索引，情境导入，考点解读，技法图解，考点达标检测，It ，分词作状语 ，to add ，winning ，to become 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Gd afternn,ladies and gentlemen.It is a great hnr fr me t intrduce this English speech cntest①.As we all knw,taking part in an English speech cntest② is a helpful way t learn English③.In the prcess f the cmpetitin,yu shuld pay attentin t the rules made by us④.Mst imprtantly,yu shuld try yur best t express yurself⑤ in English fluently.I am sure the English speech cmpetitin will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied⑥ with ur perfrmance.Thank yu!
用法感悟①t intrduce this English speech cntest 是不定式短语作真正的 语, 是形式主语。 ②taking part in an English speech cntest是动词-ing形式短语作 语。③t learn English是不定式短语作 语。 ④made by us是过去分词短语作 语。 ⑤t express yurself是动词不定式短语作 语。 ⑥satisfied是过去分词作 语。
考点1 非谓语动词作状语
1.动词不定式作状语
[名师点津]动词不定式短语作结果状语时,常表示意想不到的结果;而现在分词短语作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Carved beams,painted rafters(椽子),varius patterns,carved bards and wall paintings were used (add) a clrful and beautiful style t the inside.
2.In August 2016,he gt the first chance t cmpete in the natinal selectin cmpetitin f the 44th WSC held in Shanghai, (win) the third place.
考查非谓语动词。表示“被用来做某事”短语为be used t d sth。故填t add。
考查非谓语动词。win与逻辑主语he构成主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。
3.A tree that lks like black fire cuts thrugh the view f the night, (interrupt) its beauty.
4.After the Sng Dynasty,cld fd did nt remain a necessity n this day,and gradually,the Tmb-Sweeping Festival tk ver the flk activities f Hanshi (becme) a majr festival n this subject.
interrupting
考查非谓语动词。空格前是一个完整的句子,此处应是状语,interrupt和句子主语A tree构成逻辑上的主谓关系,表示自然而然的结果,故填interrupting。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“ (becme) a majr festival n this subject”表示意料之外的结果,故用不定式作结果状语。
5.I knew Dubya and his wife well,but I didn’t think we were clse enugh (share) Thanksgiving dinner.
考查非谓语动词。句意:我对Dubya和他的妻子很熟悉,但是我认为我们还没亲密到分享感恩节晚餐的地步。enugh t d sth 足以用来做某事。
考点2 非谓语动词作定语
1.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。She is always the first t cme and the last t leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个来最后一个离开。I can’t think f any gd advice t give her.(动宾关系)我想不出任何好的建议给她。His last appeal,t cme and see her,went unanswered.(同位关系)没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求,
2.现在分词作定语当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时,用现在分词形式。The lecture,starting at 7:00 pm last night,was fllwed by an bservatin f the mn with telescpes.始于昨天晚上7点的这次演讲,紧跟在用望远镜对月球进行观测之后。[名师点津]被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时,用现在分词的被动式作定语,表示该动作的被动和进行。
3.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。Tsinghua University,funded in 1911,is hme t a great number f utstanding figures.众多杰出人物从始建于1911 年的清华大学毕业。[名师点津]作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为ding和dne,ding 表示正在进行;dne 表示已经完成。4.动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰词的某种用途,在意义上相当于“名词+fr+ding”,此时动词-ing形式常置于被修饰词的前面。N flying machine will fly frm New Yrk t Paris.没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Will cash disappear frm ur neighbrhds?Cash will likely becme less ppular,thanks t the high cst f using cash and the (grw) number f alternatives.
2.Many ancient buildings (design) by famus architects attract a number f turists every year.
考查非谓语动词。修饰名词number,且表示“正在增长的”,故用现在分词形式,故填grwing。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知design在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语buildings构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语。故填designed。
3.But the results supprt existing healthy eating advice (limit) red and prcessed meat,and t eat plenty f vegetables,fruit and ther prtein surces such as nuts and legumes(豆类).
4.I admit I was t scared at that mment and the uncle (stand) beside me was giving me an awkward lk.
考查非谓语动词。and前后为并列成分,根据本句后面的t eat可知,此处应该用动词不定式。故填t limit。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处应用非谓语动词形式,stand与逻辑主语uncle构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。
5.China’s effrts (strengthen) the glbal fight against the pandemic have narrwed the space fr a small grup f rich cuntries t buy mst f the vaccines.
t strengthen
考查非谓语动词。effrt表示“努力”时,其后接动词不定式作其定语。
考点3 非谓语动词作补足语
1.感官动词和短语(see,watch,bserve,ntice,lk at,hear,listen t,feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(d/ding/dne)。d 表主动和完成(被动句中t还原),ding表主动或正在进行,dne 表被动或完成。The missing by was last seen playing near the river.失踪的男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边玩耍。2.动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。On the cntrary,thse wh let teenagers experience the cnsequences f their actins can d better.相反,那些让青少年经历了他们行动结果的人能够做得更优秀。
3.固定短语,如advise/allw/encurage/request/warn sb t d sth等。4.with/withut的复合结构:with/withut+n.+ding (主动、进行)/dne(被动、完成)/t d(目的、将来)。Withut anyne nticing,I stle int the rm.没有人注意到,我偷偷溜进了房间。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Cash is unique amng payment instruments in that anyne can transact(交易),any time,any place,with n third parties (invlve).
2.That,she hpes,will encurage peple (find) beauty f flk huses and start prtecting them,thus arusing attentin frm still mre peple,especially the yung.
考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构,third parties与invlve之间是动宾关系,用过去分词表示被动,故填invlved。
考查非谓语动词。encurage sb t d sth 为固定搭配,意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
3.“A prject which allws the peple f Japan (participate) in creating the medals is really gd,and helps raise the envirnmental awareness f ur citizens,” said Tky 2020 sprts directr Kji Murfushi.
4.The speaker then led the grup t the rm full f ballns and asked them t find the balln that had their name (write) n within five minutes.
t participate
考查非谓语动词。allw sb t d sth “允许某人做某事”,应填不定式作宾语补足语。
考查非谓语动词。their name与write之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
考点4 非谓语动词作宾语
1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语:suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allw,advise,risk,keep,keep n,avid,escape,enjy,cnsider,excuse,finish,miss,insist n,lk frward t,feel like,get dwn t,bject t 等。We dn’t allw diving in the pl.泳池内不准跳水。
2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:wish,hpe,decide,refuse,prmise,pretend,manage,plan,fail,chse,wuld like 等。Yur father has at last decided t stp smking.你父亲终于决定戒烟了。[名师点津] 如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。I find it impssible t change her idea.我发现不可能改变她的想法。
3.下列动词或词组既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
I mean t g,but my father wuld nt allw me t.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。T raise wage means increasing purchasing pwer.增加工资意味着增加购买力。
4.动词不定式可以与疑问代词及疑问副词(why除外)等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。I didn’t knw hw t get back t the village.我不知道怎样回到村子。Experience tells yu what t d;cnfidence allws yu t d it.经验告诉你干什么,而信心让你去做这件事。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Fr athletes everywhere,it was getting much harder t carry n (train) in the way they needed t.
2.Music is universal.Yu dn’t even need (knw) the wrds t cnnect t the music and md f the musician.
考查非谓语动词。此处的提示词放在介词n后,所以需用动词-ing形式。故填training。
考查非谓语动词。need t d sth “需要做某事”,故填t knw。
3.“I als lk frward t (pen) chances t expse the peple f my cuntry t Chinese culture.” he added.
4.Als,if yu refuse (meet) eye cntact with a persn,yu may be cnsidered t lack cnfidence.
考查非谓语动词。lk frward t中的t为介词,故需要动词-ing形式作宾语。
考查非谓语动词。refuse t d sth “拒绝做某事”。
考点5 非谓语动词作主语、表语
1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。Facing up t yur prblems rather than running away frm them is the best apprach t wrking things ut.直面问题而不是逃避是解决它们的最佳途径。
(2)it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有:It is/was n use/gd+ding sth;It is/was useless ding sth;It’s a waste f time ding sthIt’s imprtant fr the figures t be updated regularly.经常性地更新数据是非常重要的。
2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”,而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到……的”。Please describe a dg that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。Please describe a dg that is frightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。[名师点津]get,becme,lk,seem,appear 等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语,表示被动或主语的状态。This qutatin frm Winstn Churchill tells us that we shuldn’t get discuraged right after failure.温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句话告诉我们,失败之后不应该气馁。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Accrding t the China Mvie Data Infrmatin Netwrk, (hit) this milestne als meant it wuld becme the furth highest film f the all-time bx ffice chart ever screened in China.
2.They can either see a cunselr (顾问) r jin an rganizatin,whse gal is (help) peple find ways t fulfill themselves that d nt lead t serius debt and trubled lives.
考查非谓语动词。此处作主语,所以用动词-ing形式。
考查非谓语动词。不定式短语作表语说明gal的内容。
3.UK Educatin Secretary Gavin Williamsn assured the public that (keep) schls,nurseries,clleges and ther prviders as safe as pssible fr children and staff is the pririty.
考查非谓语动词。分析可知,空格处是作主语,用动词-ing形式。
考点6 非谓语动词的时态和语态
1.主、被动形式非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时,用被动形式。The meeting t be held tmrrw is f great imprtance.明天即将举行的这次会议非常重要。
2.时间先后关系根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态:(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生,用非谓语动词的一般式;(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,用非谓语动词的完成式。Having finished his hmewrk,he went t bed.他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Many sprting events which are already scheduled (hld) in 2023 may have t be put ff,t.
2.If yu have time,check ut an amazing YuTube channel that I recently fund (call) “invisible peple”.
考查非谓语动词。根据短语be scheduled t d sth “计划做某事”可知,此处应用不定式,提示词hld和主语sprting events之间为被动关系,故用不定式的被动形式t be dne。故填t be held。
考查非谓语动词。名词YuTube channel与动词call是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作定语。
3.Hwever,ld habits and viewpints take a lng time (turn) ver.
4. (lk) t the future,like any litter prblem,we need t lk at ways f creating less.
考查非谓语动词。sth takes sb +time+t d表示“某物花费某人时间去做……”,故填t turn。
考查非谓语动词。此处和主语we是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式,表主动,在句子中作状语。故填Lking。
【例1】 (Date) back 250 millin years,Himalayan sea salt is a type f rck salt that is naturally pink in clr. 分析:句中已有谓语部分is a type f rck salt,因此应用非谓语动词。句子主语Himalayan sea salt与date back之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词-ing形式。【例2】 Brn in the 1980s and having lng been used t (read) cartn bks while grwing up,Ma Ge,wh lves traditinal architecture ever s much,hit upn the idea f intrducing it t a wider readership thrugh cartns. 分析:平时学习过程中要牢记用动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词和短语。be used t ding sth 为固定搭配,意为“习惯于做某事”。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空模拟冲关1. (entertain) the audience,the Yellw Jackets kicked the night ff with a selectin f lively sngs.
2. (live) thrugh this glbal pandemic fight,I have cme t a better understanding f China’s respnsible attitude in the public health sectr.
T entertain
考查非谓语动词。不定式作目的状语。故填T entertain。
考查非谓语动词。分析可知,句子的谓语动词是have cme,故live用非谓语动词形式,该句主语为I,此处与主语为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语。
3.It is als imprtant t exercise during the ht summer days.Walking, (jg)and practicing tai chi are ppular.
4.With this landing,China becmes the secnd cuntry (put) a rver n Mars.
考查非谓语动词。设空处和“Walking”“practicing”并列,需填动词-ing形式作主语。故填jgging。
考查非谓语动词。名词前有序数词限定时,后面需加动词不定式作后置定语。故填t put。
真题演练1.(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷)When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台),Henry ran ne hundred metres,jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence,and held ut his arms t catch the (fall) child.
2.(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷)He pushed a chair nt the balcny,and climbed up (see) them.
考查非谓语动词。句中的held ut为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”,child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用动词-ing形式作定语。故填falling。
考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式作目的状语。故填t see。
3.(2022全国乙卷)① (strengthen)the cnnectin with yung peple,the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media,② (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
T strengthen
①考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填T strengthen。②考查非谓语动词。因逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
5.(2021全国甲卷)It is pssible (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
4.(2021全国乙卷)Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
考查非谓语动词。aim t d sth旨在做某事。
考查非谓语动词。it is pssible t d sth为固定搭配,意为“做某事是可能的”,故填t walk。
Ⅱ.语法与写作1.(2022全国甲卷,书面表达)6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。(动词-ing形式短语作定语)
2.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)看着他的眼睛,我告诉他他已经训练了很多所以不要放弃。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
Wrld Ocean Day,falling n June 8th,is aimed at raising public awareness f cean cnservatin.
Lking him in the eye,I tld him nt t give up after he had trained a lt.
3.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)作为一名年轻的学生,我建议Yuth刊登指导我们择业的文章,我希望它会变得更受欢迎。(动词不定式作定语)
4.(2021全国甲卷,书面表达) 我们目前的计划是介绍中国的传统节日、戏曲和剪纸。(动词不定式作表语)
As a yung student,I suggest that Yuth carry articles t guide us in chsing ur careers and I hpe that it will becme even mre ppular.
Our current plan is t intrduce traditinal Chinese festivals,peras and paper cutting.
5.(2021浙江卷,应用文写作)我强烈推荐你参观这个展览,我相信你会学到很多关于中国文化和艺术的知识。(动词-ing形式作宾语)
I highly recmmend visiting this exhibitin,where I am sure yu will learn a lt abut Chinese culture and art.
Ⅲ.语法填空 (非谓语动词专练)D yu like 1. (travel)?2. (stay) healthy while 3. (travel) can help t ensure yur trip is a happy and enjyable ne.Here are the tips yu need 4. (make) yur trip much easier. Make sure yu have gt a 5. (sign)passprt and visa. Als,befre yu g,fill in the emergency infrmatin page f yur passprt! Make tw cpies f yur passprt identificatin page.This will help a lt if yur passprt is 6. (steal).Leave ne cpy at hme with friends r relatives.Carry the ther with yu in a separate place frm yur passprt.
travelling
Read the public annuncements r travel warnings fr the cuntries yu plan 7. (visit).Get yurself 8. (infrm)f lcal laws and custms f the cuntries t which yu are travelling. Leave a cpy f yur itinerary(旅行日程)with family r friends at hme s that yu can 9. (cntact)in case f an emergency. D nt accept packages 10. (give)frm strangers.D nt carry t much mney r unnecessary credit cards.If yu make enugh preparatins,yu will succeed.Have a gd time!
be cntacted
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,给要去国外旅行的人提供了一些建议,以保障旅行安全、提高旅行舒适度。1.travelling 考查非谓语动词作宾语。like后接动词-ing形式表示习惯性的行为。也可接不定式,只是不定式表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的行为,故这里用动词-ing形式更合适。2.Staying 考查非谓语动词作主语。用动词-ing形式作主语多表示抽象的动作。3.travelling 考查状语从句的省略。此处省略了主语和be动词,应使用travelling。4.t make 考查非谓语动词作目的状语。此处缺目的状语,用不定式充当。5.signed 考查非谓语动词作定语。sign 和 passprt 是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。
Gd afternn,ladies and gentlemen.It is a great hnr fr me t intrduce this English speech cntest①.As we all knw,taking part in an English speech cntest② is a helpful way t learn English③.In the prcess f the cmpetitin,yu shuld pay attentin t the rules made by us④.Mst imprtantly,yu shuld try yur best t express yurself⑤ in English fluently.I am sure the English speech cmpetitin will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied⑥ with ur perfrmance.Thank yu!
用法感悟①t intrduce this English speech cntest 是不定式短语作真正的 语, 是形式主语。 ②taking part in an English speech cntest是动词-ing形式短语作 语。③t learn English是不定式短语作 语。 ④made by us是过去分词短语作 语。 ⑤t express yurself是动词不定式短语作 语。 ⑥satisfied是过去分词作 语。
考点1 非谓语动词作状语
1.动词不定式作状语
[名师点津]动词不定式短语作结果状语时,常表示意想不到的结果;而现在分词短语作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Carved beams,painted rafters(椽子),varius patterns,carved bards and wall paintings were used (add) a clrful and beautiful style t the inside.
2.In August 2016,he gt the first chance t cmpete in the natinal selectin cmpetitin f the 44th WSC held in Shanghai, (win) the third place.
考查非谓语动词。表示“被用来做某事”短语为be used t d sth。故填t add。
考查非谓语动词。win与逻辑主语he构成主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。
3.A tree that lks like black fire cuts thrugh the view f the night, (interrupt) its beauty.
4.After the Sng Dynasty,cld fd did nt remain a necessity n this day,and gradually,the Tmb-Sweeping Festival tk ver the flk activities f Hanshi (becme) a majr festival n this subject.
interrupting
考查非谓语动词。空格前是一个完整的句子,此处应是状语,interrupt和句子主语A tree构成逻辑上的主谓关系,表示自然而然的结果,故填interrupting。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“ (becme) a majr festival n this subject”表示意料之外的结果,故用不定式作结果状语。
5.I knew Dubya and his wife well,but I didn’t think we were clse enugh (share) Thanksgiving dinner.
考查非谓语动词。句意:我对Dubya和他的妻子很熟悉,但是我认为我们还没亲密到分享感恩节晚餐的地步。enugh t d sth 足以用来做某事。
考点2 非谓语动词作定语
1.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。She is always the first t cme and the last t leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个来最后一个离开。I can’t think f any gd advice t give her.(动宾关系)我想不出任何好的建议给她。His last appeal,t cme and see her,went unanswered.(同位关系)没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求,
2.现在分词作定语当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时,用现在分词形式。The lecture,starting at 7:00 pm last night,was fllwed by an bservatin f the mn with telescpes.始于昨天晚上7点的这次演讲,紧跟在用望远镜对月球进行观测之后。[名师点津]被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时,用现在分词的被动式作定语,表示该动作的被动和进行。
3.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。Tsinghua University,funded in 1911,is hme t a great number f utstanding figures.众多杰出人物从始建于1911 年的清华大学毕业。[名师点津]作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为ding和dne,ding 表示正在进行;dne 表示已经完成。4.动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰词的某种用途,在意义上相当于“名词+fr+ding”,此时动词-ing形式常置于被修饰词的前面。N flying machine will fly frm New Yrk t Paris.没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Will cash disappear frm ur neighbrhds?Cash will likely becme less ppular,thanks t the high cst f using cash and the (grw) number f alternatives.
2.Many ancient buildings (design) by famus architects attract a number f turists every year.
考查非谓语动词。修饰名词number,且表示“正在增长的”,故用现在分词形式,故填grwing。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知design在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语buildings构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语。故填designed。
3.But the results supprt existing healthy eating advice (limit) red and prcessed meat,and t eat plenty f vegetables,fruit and ther prtein surces such as nuts and legumes(豆类).
4.I admit I was t scared at that mment and the uncle (stand) beside me was giving me an awkward lk.
考查非谓语动词。and前后为并列成分,根据本句后面的t eat可知,此处应该用动词不定式。故填t limit。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处应用非谓语动词形式,stand与逻辑主语uncle构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。
5.China’s effrts (strengthen) the glbal fight against the pandemic have narrwed the space fr a small grup f rich cuntries t buy mst f the vaccines.
t strengthen
考查非谓语动词。effrt表示“努力”时,其后接动词不定式作其定语。
考点3 非谓语动词作补足语
1.感官动词和短语(see,watch,bserve,ntice,lk at,hear,listen t,feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(d/ding/dne)。d 表主动和完成(被动句中t还原),ding表主动或正在进行,dne 表被动或完成。The missing by was last seen playing near the river.失踪的男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边玩耍。2.动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。On the cntrary,thse wh let teenagers experience the cnsequences f their actins can d better.相反,那些让青少年经历了他们行动结果的人能够做得更优秀。
3.固定短语,如advise/allw/encurage/request/warn sb t d sth等。4.with/withut的复合结构:with/withut+n.+ding (主动、进行)/dne(被动、完成)/t d(目的、将来)。Withut anyne nticing,I stle int the rm.没有人注意到,我偷偷溜进了房间。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Cash is unique amng payment instruments in that anyne can transact(交易),any time,any place,with n third parties (invlve).
2.That,she hpes,will encurage peple (find) beauty f flk huses and start prtecting them,thus arusing attentin frm still mre peple,especially the yung.
考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构,third parties与invlve之间是动宾关系,用过去分词表示被动,故填invlved。
考查非谓语动词。encurage sb t d sth 为固定搭配,意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
3.“A prject which allws the peple f Japan (participate) in creating the medals is really gd,and helps raise the envirnmental awareness f ur citizens,” said Tky 2020 sprts directr Kji Murfushi.
4.The speaker then led the grup t the rm full f ballns and asked them t find the balln that had their name (write) n within five minutes.
t participate
考查非谓语动词。allw sb t d sth “允许某人做某事”,应填不定式作宾语补足语。
考查非谓语动词。their name与write之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
考点4 非谓语动词作宾语
1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语:suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allw,advise,risk,keep,keep n,avid,escape,enjy,cnsider,excuse,finish,miss,insist n,lk frward t,feel like,get dwn t,bject t 等。We dn’t allw diving in the pl.泳池内不准跳水。
2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:wish,hpe,decide,refuse,prmise,pretend,manage,plan,fail,chse,wuld like 等。Yur father has at last decided t stp smking.你父亲终于决定戒烟了。[名师点津] 如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。I find it impssible t change her idea.我发现不可能改变她的想法。
3.下列动词或词组既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
I mean t g,but my father wuld nt allw me t.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。T raise wage means increasing purchasing pwer.增加工资意味着增加购买力。
4.动词不定式可以与疑问代词及疑问副词(why除外)等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。I didn’t knw hw t get back t the village.我不知道怎样回到村子。Experience tells yu what t d;cnfidence allws yu t d it.经验告诉你干什么,而信心让你去做这件事。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Fr athletes everywhere,it was getting much harder t carry n (train) in the way they needed t.
2.Music is universal.Yu dn’t even need (knw) the wrds t cnnect t the music and md f the musician.
考查非谓语动词。此处的提示词放在介词n后,所以需用动词-ing形式。故填training。
考查非谓语动词。need t d sth “需要做某事”,故填t knw。
3.“I als lk frward t (pen) chances t expse the peple f my cuntry t Chinese culture.” he added.
4.Als,if yu refuse (meet) eye cntact with a persn,yu may be cnsidered t lack cnfidence.
考查非谓语动词。lk frward t中的t为介词,故需要动词-ing形式作宾语。
考查非谓语动词。refuse t d sth “拒绝做某事”。
考点5 非谓语动词作主语、表语
1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。Facing up t yur prblems rather than running away frm them is the best apprach t wrking things ut.直面问题而不是逃避是解决它们的最佳途径。
(2)it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有:It is/was n use/gd+ding sth;It is/was useless ding sth;It’s a waste f time ding sthIt’s imprtant fr the figures t be updated regularly.经常性地更新数据是非常重要的。
2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”,而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到……的”。Please describe a dg that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。Please describe a dg that is frightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。[名师点津]get,becme,lk,seem,appear 等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语,表示被动或主语的状态。This qutatin frm Winstn Churchill tells us that we shuldn’t get discuraged right after failure.温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句话告诉我们,失败之后不应该气馁。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Accrding t the China Mvie Data Infrmatin Netwrk, (hit) this milestne als meant it wuld becme the furth highest film f the all-time bx ffice chart ever screened in China.
2.They can either see a cunselr (顾问) r jin an rganizatin,whse gal is (help) peple find ways t fulfill themselves that d nt lead t serius debt and trubled lives.
考查非谓语动词。此处作主语,所以用动词-ing形式。
考查非谓语动词。不定式短语作表语说明gal的内容。
3.UK Educatin Secretary Gavin Williamsn assured the public that (keep) schls,nurseries,clleges and ther prviders as safe as pssible fr children and staff is the pririty.
考查非谓语动词。分析可知,空格处是作主语,用动词-ing形式。
考点6 非谓语动词的时态和语态
1.主、被动形式非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时,用被动形式。The meeting t be held tmrrw is f great imprtance.明天即将举行的这次会议非常重要。
2.时间先后关系根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态:(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生,用非谓语动词的一般式;(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,用非谓语动词的完成式。Having finished his hmewrk,he went t bed.他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Many sprting events which are already scheduled (hld) in 2023 may have t be put ff,t.
2.If yu have time,check ut an amazing YuTube channel that I recently fund (call) “invisible peple”.
考查非谓语动词。根据短语be scheduled t d sth “计划做某事”可知,此处应用不定式,提示词hld和主语sprting events之间为被动关系,故用不定式的被动形式t be dne。故填t be held。
考查非谓语动词。名词YuTube channel与动词call是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作定语。
3.Hwever,ld habits and viewpints take a lng time (turn) ver.
4. (lk) t the future,like any litter prblem,we need t lk at ways f creating less.
考查非谓语动词。sth takes sb +time+t d表示“某物花费某人时间去做……”,故填t turn。
考查非谓语动词。此处和主语we是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式,表主动,在句子中作状语。故填Lking。
【例1】 (Date) back 250 millin years,Himalayan sea salt is a type f rck salt that is naturally pink in clr. 分析:句中已有谓语部分is a type f rck salt,因此应用非谓语动词。句子主语Himalayan sea salt与date back之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词-ing形式。【例2】 Brn in the 1980s and having lng been used t (read) cartn bks while grwing up,Ma Ge,wh lves traditinal architecture ever s much,hit upn the idea f intrducing it t a wider readership thrugh cartns. 分析:平时学习过程中要牢记用动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词和短语。be used t ding sth 为固定搭配,意为“习惯于做某事”。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空模拟冲关1. (entertain) the audience,the Yellw Jackets kicked the night ff with a selectin f lively sngs.
2. (live) thrugh this glbal pandemic fight,I have cme t a better understanding f China’s respnsible attitude in the public health sectr.
T entertain
考查非谓语动词。不定式作目的状语。故填T entertain。
考查非谓语动词。分析可知,句子的谓语动词是have cme,故live用非谓语动词形式,该句主语为I,此处与主语为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语。
3.It is als imprtant t exercise during the ht summer days.Walking, (jg)and practicing tai chi are ppular.
4.With this landing,China becmes the secnd cuntry (put) a rver n Mars.
考查非谓语动词。设空处和“Walking”“practicing”并列,需填动词-ing形式作主语。故填jgging。
考查非谓语动词。名词前有序数词限定时,后面需加动词不定式作后置定语。故填t put。
真题演练1.(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷)When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台),Henry ran ne hundred metres,jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence,and held ut his arms t catch the (fall) child.
2.(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷)He pushed a chair nt the balcny,and climbed up (see) them.
考查非谓语动词。句中的held ut为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”,child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用动词-ing形式作定语。故填falling。
考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式作目的状语。故填t see。
3.(2022全国乙卷)① (strengthen)the cnnectin with yung peple,the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media,② (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
T strengthen
①考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填T strengthen。②考查非谓语动词。因逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
5.(2021全国甲卷)It is pssible (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
4.(2021全国乙卷)Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
考查非谓语动词。aim t d sth旨在做某事。
考查非谓语动词。it is pssible t d sth为固定搭配,意为“做某事是可能的”,故填t walk。
Ⅱ.语法与写作1.(2022全国甲卷,书面表达)6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。(动词-ing形式短语作定语)
2.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)看着他的眼睛,我告诉他他已经训练了很多所以不要放弃。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
Wrld Ocean Day,falling n June 8th,is aimed at raising public awareness f cean cnservatin.
Lking him in the eye,I tld him nt t give up after he had trained a lt.
3.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)作为一名年轻的学生,我建议Yuth刊登指导我们择业的文章,我希望它会变得更受欢迎。(动词不定式作定语)
4.(2021全国甲卷,书面表达) 我们目前的计划是介绍中国的传统节日、戏曲和剪纸。(动词不定式作表语)
As a yung student,I suggest that Yuth carry articles t guide us in chsing ur careers and I hpe that it will becme even mre ppular.
Our current plan is t intrduce traditinal Chinese festivals,peras and paper cutting.
5.(2021浙江卷,应用文写作)我强烈推荐你参观这个展览,我相信你会学到很多关于中国文化和艺术的知识。(动词-ing形式作宾语)
I highly recmmend visiting this exhibitin,where I am sure yu will learn a lt abut Chinese culture and art.
Ⅲ.语法填空 (非谓语动词专练)D yu like 1. (travel)?2. (stay) healthy while 3. (travel) can help t ensure yur trip is a happy and enjyable ne.Here are the tips yu need 4. (make) yur trip much easier. Make sure yu have gt a 5. (sign)passprt and visa. Als,befre yu g,fill in the emergency infrmatin page f yur passprt! Make tw cpies f yur passprt identificatin page.This will help a lt if yur passprt is 6. (steal).Leave ne cpy at hme with friends r relatives.Carry the ther with yu in a separate place frm yur passprt.
travelling
Read the public annuncements r travel warnings fr the cuntries yu plan 7. (visit).Get yurself 8. (infrm)f lcal laws and custms f the cuntries t which yu are travelling. Leave a cpy f yur itinerary(旅行日程)with family r friends at hme s that yu can 9. (cntact)in case f an emergency. D nt accept packages 10. (give)frm strangers.D nt carry t much mney r unnecessary credit cards.If yu make enugh preparatins,yu will succeed.Have a gd time!
be cntacted
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,给要去国外旅行的人提供了一些建议,以保障旅行安全、提高旅行舒适度。1.travelling 考查非谓语动词作宾语。like后接动词-ing形式表示习惯性的行为。也可接不定式,只是不定式表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的行为,故这里用动词-ing形式更合适。2.Staying 考查非谓语动词作主语。用动词-ing形式作主语多表示抽象的动作。3.travelling 考查状语从句的省略。此处省略了主语和be动词,应使用travelling。4.t make 考查非谓语动词作目的状语。此处缺目的状语,用不定式充当。5.signed 考查非谓语动词作定语。sign 和 passprt 是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。
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