适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习Unit4InformationTechnology北师大版必修第二册

这是一份适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习Unit4InformationTechnology北师大版必修第二册，共9页。
UNIT4　INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
组合练(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023原创预测题)
For decades,the smart home has been a mainstay in pop culture,from Disney’s 1999 flick SmartHouse,in which an artificially intelligent home takes on the personality of a mother,to the retro high-tech home of TheJetsons.
Now,we’ve got their smart watches and digital assistants.In our homes,devices like smart doorbells identify friends or strangers at the door,while smart lights can be programmed to shift their colors based on weather.When we plan meals for the week,a smart refrigerator photographs what’s left in the fridge and makes suggestions based on our diets.
We could see a future in which electronics exist everywhere,interconnected and responsive parts of our homes,and we’re on the point of making this vision a reality.The exploding field of ambient technology promises innovative,easily-used electronics that fade into the background sound of our lives.“Soon,you’re going to have systems that will be proactive,” said Joseph Paradiso,a professor at MIT.Our devices are “going to see and hear as we do,and they’re going to be suggesting and prompting”.
But all of this innovation could come at a cost:Our privacy.And in the current situation,it’s a price consumers may be unwilling to pay.These fears aren’t entirely unfounded.Massive breaches to major websites have compromised the data of hundreds of millions of people in the past few years,and the comprehensive data ambient technology relies on will include far more than our addresses and credit card numbers.The digital assistant that will be able to identify when you’ll be most attentive for a Spanish lesson—a function that Paradiso said is being heavily researched—will have the type of information that could be used to control you.
Identifying these problems will become crucial as more people opt in to giving their tasks to ambient technology.In a world with billions and billions of connected devices that learn us in detail to make our lives more efficient,it will be harder to opt out.
1.How is the second paragraph developed?
　　　　　　　　
A.By making a comparison.
B.By analyzing causes.
C.By giving examples.
D.By following the order of time.
2.What is the third paragraph about?
A.The side effects of electronics on daily life.
B.The electronic life in future.
C.The reasons for the prevalence of the smart home.
D.The risk of information disclosure on the Internet.
3.What does the underlined word “compromised” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Endangered. B.Updated.
C.Rearranged. D.Deleted.
4.In which section of a website may this text appear?
A.Entertainment. B.Health.
C.Education. D.Science.

B
(2022山东济南学情检测)
When people hear “Artificial Intelligence (AI)”,many think of big data.The reason is that some of the most significant AI breakthroughs have relied on enormous data sets.But AI is not only about large data sets,and research in small data approaches in the past decade has grown extensively,with Transfer Learning (TL) (迁移学习) as an especially promising example,which is helpful in settings where you have few data on the task of interest but sufficient data on a related problem.
Small data approaches like TL offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods.By the use of AI with fewer data,they can facilitate progress in areas where few or no data exist,such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely.More importantly,TL is of great help in terms of generalization.A challenge in the use of AI is that models need to generalize beyond their training data — that is,to give good “answers” to a more general set of “questions” than what they were specifically trained in.TL models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another,so they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task,even if only limited data are available.
AI experts such as Andrew Ng have stated that the approach will be the next driver of getting machine learning success in industry.There are some early signs of successful adoption and it has been applied to cancer discovery and much more.
Despite the increase in research,TL has received relatively little visibility.While many machine learning experts and data scientists are familiar with it,techniques such as TL do not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption. 
By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like TL and supporting their widespread use,we can help overcome some widespread misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and promote innovation in new directions.
5.What does the author think of TL?
A.It is a potential technique.
B.It is of help in large data sets.
C.It is an important AI breakthrough.
D.It is a reliable solution to multitasking.
6.In which aspect does TL show its advantages?
A.Acquiring knowledge.
B.Discovering questions.
C.Collecting training data.
D.Improving generalization.
7.What does the underlined part in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.TL has little value.
B.TL is a heated topic.
C.TL draws public attention.
D.TL is not well recognized.
8.What’s the purpose of this text?
A.To clarify some misconceptions.
B.To introduce a small data approach.
C.To predict the promising future of AI.
D.To emphasize the significance of data.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2022广东深圳二模)
The school where Rachel teaches serves free meals to its students.Before her adoring students left for their new year vacation,they 　1　 her with lots of gifts.But one gift from a girl,in particular,　2　 her heart. 
This girl wanted to get Rachel something so 　3　,but had nothing to give.So rather than offer nothing,she 　4　 her free breakfast cereal(混合麦片) at school. 
She took the 　5　 to pick every dried grape,the favorite part of her breakfast,out of her cereal and 　6　 them as an unusual new year present for her teacher. 
Rachel posted the 　7　 story on Meta,hoping to help people gain some 　8　 for what they have in their lives—because even when this youngster had nothing to offer,she was still willing to 　9　 her favourite dried grapes.Inspired by the kind gesture,many people contacted the school headmaster to make 　10　.“It makes me so proud of my kids that they have touched your hearts along with mine,”Rachel said.“Your 　11　 in offering gifts to both the students and me and your donations to our school have not gone 　12　.We are all deeply moved.” 
“My wish for all of you is to remember this kind and simple 　13　 of love from one of my school babies and carry it with you and continue to 　14　 love and kindness to everyone you meet—not just during this 　15　 season.” 
1.A.helped B.showered
C.comforted D.supplied
2.A.melted B.cured
C.changed D.broke
3.A.hesitantly B.casually
C.badly D.hardly
4.A.opened up B.asked for
C.gave away D.put aside
5.A.courage B.chance
C.lesson D.time
6.A.unwrapped B.cooked
C.repackaged D.separated
7.A.nice B.funny
C.imaginary D.old
8.A.sympathy B.appreciation
C.confidence D.desire
9.A.enjoy B.sacrifice
C.collect D.keep
10.A.preparations B.appointments
C.donations D.requirements
11.A.curiosity B.trouble
C.experience D.generosity
12.A.unchecked B.unnoticed
C.unexpected D.uncovered
13.A.hope B.word
C.trick D.act
14.A.spread B.teach
C.explain D.declare
15.A.graduation B.autumn
C.holiday D.school

组合练(二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2022湖北宜昌一模)
A study confirmed that the cracks found on Mars’s surface last year by the Curiosity Rover are evidence of ancient lakes that likely dried up about 3.5 billion years ago.The new study provides further evidence of what the climate on the Red Planet may have been like in its ancient past.
The study,published online in Geology,proved that cracks on Mars’s surface previously photographed by Curiosity are dry mud cracks which could have only been formed when wet ground was exposed to the air.This conclusion was based on an analysis of a single area of rock known as “Old Soaker.”
Researchers used the Curiosity Rover and information from its many tools including the Mars Hand Lens Imager,ChemCam Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometer (LIBS) and the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) to study both the physical appearance and the chemistry of the rock,which is described as no bigger than a coffee table.
The analysis showed that cracks on the rocks were formed by exposure to air,rather than heat or the flow of water.In addition,the shape of the cracks suggests it experienced a single drying event on the planet,rather than getting wet and drying over repeatedly.The position of the cracks,closer to the center of the ancient lake rather than alongside it,also suggests that the lake levels changed often,rising and falling over time.
“The mud cracks are exciting because they help us to understand this ancient lake system,” lead study author Nathaniel Stein,a geologist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,said,referring to the ancient lake system on the planet.
Scientists have known of the existence of ancient water on Mars for years.A 2015 NASA study that measured water in Mars’s atmosphere suggested that ancient oceans may once have had more water than our own Arctic Ocean.However,because the planet has less gravity and a thinner atmosphere than Earth,this water evaporated(蒸发) into space over the course of several billion years.
1.What is the Curiosity Rover?
A.An organization.　 B.A scientist.
C.A planet. D.A machine.
2.What do we know about the discovery on Mars?
A.The cracks are near the center of an ancient lake.
B.Mars was getting wet and drying more than once.
C.The lake level on Mars seldom changes over time.
D.The cracks on the rocks were formed by water flow.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Ancient water still exists on Mars now.
B.The gravity on Mars is stronger than that on Earth.
C.The atmosphere on Earth is thicker than that on Mars.
D.The ancient Arctic Ocean had more water than it has now.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Water on Mars. B.A trip to Mars.
C.A study on Mars. D.Cracks on Mars.

B
(2022安徽皖南八校三模)
What does it take to become an astronaut?It’s a question that’s been asked since the start of the Space Age in the 1960s.In those days,pilots were considered the most well-trained professionals,so military fliers were first in line to go to space.More recently,people from a wide range of professional backgrounds—doctors,scientists,and even teachers—have trained to live and work in near-Earth orbit.Even so,those selected to go to space must meet high standards.
People who want to become astronauts must be in top physical condition.Each country’s space program has health requirements for its space travelers.They usually assess a candidate’s fitness to withstand some pretty tough conditions.For example,a good candidate must have the ability to endure the rigors of lift-off and to function in weightlessness.All astronauts must have good visual acuity and normal blood pressure.Beyond that,there is no age limit.Most astronaut trainees are between the ages of 25 and 46,although older people have also flown to space later in their careers.
People who go to space are usually self-confident,risk-takers,adept at stress management and multitasking.They also need to be able to work as part of a team for any given assignment.On Earth,astronauts are usually required to perform various public relations duties,such as speaking to the public,working with other professionals,and sometimes even testifying before government officials.So,astronauts who can relate well to many different kinds of people are seen as valuable team members.
Often,astronauts have a background as scientists and many have high-level degrees,like Ph.Ds.Others have military training or space industry expertise.Regardless of their background,once an astronaut is accepted into a country’s space program,he or she goes through rigorous training to actually live and work in space.
5.Which of the following is of least importance to an astronaut?
A.Normal blood pressure.
B.Good eyesight.
C.Tough body.
D.Young age.
6.According to the passage,an astronaut is one who 　　　. 
A.is strong and healthy
B.has self-confidence
C.can work under great pressure
D.all of the above
7.Why are astronauts asked to perform public duties?
A.To make them famous among people.
B.To relieve their feeling of tension.
C.To raise their awareness of teamwork.
D.To promote public interest in the aerospace.
8.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Everyone Can Be an Astronaut
B.The Professional Qualities of an Astronaut
C.Training Astronauts is Much Easier Nowadays
D.It’s Not Mysterious to be an Astronaut
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022河北衡水二模)
I was four years old in 1993,when my family emigrated(移民) from the United Arab Emirates to Toronto.Young enough to be changed by my new home,but old enough to know I was different from everyone around me.I was the only Arab and only Muslim in my junior kindergarten class.Beyond those obvious differences,Canadian life proved to be quite distinct in other ways.And I discovered another surprise that December.
Overnight,everything was suddenly covered in red and green.My classmates talked excitedly about cookies and what gifts they’d asked Santa for that Christmas.At some point,I must have asked myself,“What is Christmas?” There’s nothing quite like it in the Muslim world.The closest comparison might be Eidal-Adha,which translates from Arabic to “Festival of sacrifice”.While both holidays show the same spirit of sharing with the less fortunate and spending time with loved ones,Eid meant new clothes and a family dinner.And that was about it.No tree decorated with ornaments(装饰物),and no gifts covered in wrapping paper.
Christmas was completely foreign to me,but then my parents unexpectedly informed me that Santa would be paying us a visit on Christmas Eve.“But aren’t we Muslim?” I asked.
“Yes,but Santa loves all children equally and gets them all gifts,” my mother replied.
So on that first Christmas Eve in Canada,she hung oversized red and white stockings,each one customized with our names,off our bedposts.I have a distinct memory of the restless expectation that kept me awake long after bedtime and my joy when I got up on Christmas morning to find my stocking filled with gifts.
Still in my pyjamas(睡衣),I ran over to the kitchen to tell my parents that Santa had indeed visited us last night.I asked if they’d seen him,and Mom said,“Of course!” Mom offered Santa a cup of coffee,as is the Arab custom when hosting guests.He needed the energy for the long night ahead,she told me.
When I returned to school after the holidays,I had a story to share with my classmates.Santa had visited me too!I could show off gifts while other kids showed off theirs.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
My parents kept our Christmas tradition going for years,until I was too old to believe in Santa anymore. ______________________________________________________________
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As an adult,I’ve come to realize creating a sense of belonging is joining in traditions.
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UNIT4INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
组合练(一)
Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智能家居的现状和前景,并指出了数字化生活对于个人信息安全的潜在危险。
1.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“deviceslikesmartdoorbells”“smartlights”和“asmartrefrigerator”可知,本段通过举例介绍了智能家居的现状。
2.B　段落大意题。本段属于总分结构,第一句就是总起句,该句指出在我们未来的生活中,电子产品将会无处不在,换句话说,本段主要讲述人们未来的电子生活。
3.A　词义猜测题。根据本段中“Butallofthisinnovationcouldcomeatacost...maybeunwillingtopay”可知,技术革新可能会以个人隐私为代价,人们对这一问题的担忧并非全无道理。画线词所在句则是通过已发生的情况对前文进行佐证,即过去几年中,一些大的网站遭到破坏之后,已经危及了数以亿计的用户数据。
4.D　推理判断题。本文主要讲述了智能家居的现状与未来,并指出电子科技应用于生活之中,个人隐私可能遭受的侵害,并呼吁人们对这一问题要加以重视。由此可知,本文主要是讲科技对于家居生活的利弊。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了迁移学习的功能、用途、发展现状和前景。
5.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“anespeciallypromisingexample,whichishelpfulinsettings”可以推断,作者认为TL是一项很有前景的技术,可以用于很多领域,故A项正确。
6.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TLisofgreathelpintermsofgeneralization”和“theyarevery...thenewtask”可知,TL的优势之一是可以提升概括能力,故D项正确。
7.D　句意理解题。根据画线部分后一句中的“techniquessuchas...andbusinessleaders”可知,TL似乎并没有得到政策制定者和商业领袖的青睐。据此可以推断,画线部分的意思应该与D项“TL未得到足够的认可”最为接近。
8.B　主旨大意题。本文第一段引出话题“TL是一项很有发展前景的小数据技术”,第二段介绍了TL的优点,第三段引用专家AndrewNg的话证明TL很有用处,第四段讲述了TL的发展现状不甚理想,最后一段讲述了TL的发展潜力。综上可知,本文主要介绍了TL小数据处理技术,故B项正确。
Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个女孩送给Rachel一个很特殊的礼物,后来Rachel发布到网络社交媒体,许多人为之感动,大家纷纷为学校献出爱心,同时也把爱传递给身边的人的感人故事。
1.B　根据“onegiftfromagirl”可知,是学生给她送了很多礼物。shower大量地给。故选B项。
2.A　根据后文“buthadnothingtogive”可知,这位女孩的用心让Rachel感动了。故选A项。
3.C　这个女孩非常想给Rachel买点什么,但她没有什么可以给的。根据后文“but”可知,这个女孩非常想给Rachel买点什么。故选C项。
4.A　openup打开;askfor询问;giveaway赠送;putaside把……放到一边。根据后文“Shetook”可知,这个女孩先是打开包装盒,然后抽出里面的食品。故选A项。
5.D　她抽时间从麦片里选出早餐中最喜欢的每一颗葡萄干,重新包装,作为送给老师的不同寻常的新年礼物。根据本句动作描写,可知她应该是抽时间抽取里面的食物。故选D项。
6.C　根据前文“openedupherfreebreakfastcereal”可知,此处表达“重新包装”。故选C项。
7.A　Rachel在Meta上发布了这个美好的故事,希望帮助人们对他们生活中所拥有的东西获得一些感激——因为即使这个年轻人没有什么可以奉献的,她仍然愿意牺牲她最喜欢的葡萄干。根据前文大意,并结合后文“hopingtohelppeoplegainsome”可知,这是一个美好的故事。故选A项。
8.B　根据后文“becauseevenwhenthisyoungsterhadnothingtooffer,shewasstillwillingto”可知,从这个女孩的身上我们要感激现在的拥有。故选B项。
9.B　根据前文提及女孩给老师她最喜欢的葡萄干可知,此处表达“牺牲”,更能凸显女孩的精神。故选B项。
10.C　根据后文“theyhavetouchedyourhearts”可知,他们因为感动而献爱心。故选C项。
11.D　根据后文“offeringgiftstoboththestudentsandme”可知,他们慷慨地捐赠。故选D项。
12.B　根据后文“Wearealldeeplymoved”可知,我们没有忽视。故选B项。
13.D　我对你们所有人的期望是,记住我的一个学生所表达的这一善意和简单的爱,并随身携带,继续向你们遇到的每一个人传播爱和善意,而不仅仅是在这个节日期间。根据后文“oflove”可知,此处指“爱的行为”。故选D项。
14.A　根据前文“carryitwithyouandcontinueto”可知,此处表达“每一个人传播爱和善意”。故选A项。
15.C　根据第一段中“leftfortheirnewyearvacation”可知,此处指“假期”。
组合练(二)
Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了火星上的裂缝。一项研究证实,去年“好奇号”火星探测器在火星表面发现的裂缝是远古湖泊干涸的证据,并分析了该裂缝。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知这项发表在《地质学》杂志网络版上的研究证明,之前“好奇号”拍摄到的火星表面的裂缝是干泥裂缝,只有在潮湿的地面暴露在空气中时才会形成。由此可知,CuriosityRover是火星探测器。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thepositionofthecracks,closertothecenteroftheancientlakeratherthanalongsideit,alsosuggeststhatthelakelevelschangedoften,risingandfallingovertime.”可知,这些裂缝靠近一个古湖的中心。
3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However,becausetheplanethaslessgravityandathinneratmospherethanEarth”可知,地球的大气层比火星的厚。
4.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段内容以及下文对该裂缝的分析,可知,这篇文章是关于火星裂缝的。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的条件。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Beyondthat,thereisnoagelimit.Mostastronauttraineesarebetweentheagesof25and46,althougholderpeoplehavealsoflowntospacelaterintheircareers.”可知,成为宇航员并没有严格的年龄限制,甚至有人在年龄较大的时候也飞向过太空,可知相比其他条件,年龄对于宇航员是最不重要的。
6.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Peoplewhowanttobecomeastronautsmustbeintopphysicalcondition.”可知,宇航员需要健康和强壮的身体;根据第三段中“Peoplewhogotospaceareusuallyself-confident,risk-takers,adeptatstressmanagementandmultitasking.”可知,宇航员充满自信且能承受高压。故选D项。
7.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theyalsoneedtobeabletoworkaspartofateam...So,astronautswhocanrelatewelltomanydifferentkindsofpeopleareseenasvaluableteammembers.”可知,宇航员被要求履行公共职责是锻炼他们的团队合作能力,提高他们的团队合作意识,使他们成为团队中有价值的成员。
8.B　主旨大意题。文章第一句“Whatdoesittaketobecomeanastronaut?”以设问的方式引起下文,是文章的主旨句,接下来具体分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的专业素质,包括身体素质、心理素质、专业知识等,所以B项“宇航员的职业素质”概括了文章内容,适合作为标题。
Ⅱ.　　MyparentskeptourChristmastraditiongoingforyears,untilIwastoooldtobelieveinSantaanymore.I never asked them why they went through all that bother,but I suspect they did it so we could feel like we belonged in our new country.Creating a sense of belonging is an important thing.It influences physical and mental health.But you can’t force yourself to belong somewhere.That belonging comes from a change within you,from a willingness to be part of something.
Asanadult,I’vecometorealizecreatingasenseofbelongingisjoiningintraditions.The specifics of Christmas,from Jesus to Santa,are all irrelevant in a sense.What matters is that Christmas gives us an excuse to bring people together to share in the love that unites us.So perhaps,when I have kids of my own one day,I’ll revive the family tradition and invite Santa over for a cup of coffee before he leaves my kids gifts in their stockings.