适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题2非谓语动词课件北师大版

语法专题突破专题二　非谓语动词英 语内容索引情境导入考点解读技法图解考点达标检测情境导入Good afternoon,ladies and gentlemen.It is a great honor for me to introduce this English speech contest①.As we all know,taking part in an English speech contest② is a helpful way to learn English③.In the process of the competition,you should pay attention to the rules made by us④.Most importantly,you should try your best to express yourself⑤ in English fluently.I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied⑥ with our performance.Thank you!用法感悟①to introduce this English speech contest 是不定式短语作真正的　　　语,　　　　　　是形式主语。 ②taking part in an English speech contest是动词-ing形式短语作　 　语。③to learn English是不定式短语作　　　　语。 ④made by us是过去分词短语作　　　　语。 ⑤to express yourself是动词不定式短语作　　　　　　语。 ⑥satisfied是过去分词作　　　　　　语。 主 It 主 定 定 状 表 考点解读考点1　非谓语动词作状语1.动词不定式作状语 2.分词作状语 [名师点津]动词不定式短语作结果状语时,常表示意想不到的结果;而现在分词短语作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果。小题快练 单句语法填空1.Carved beams,painted rafters(椽子),various patterns,carved boards and wall paintings were used 　　　　(add) a colorful and beautiful style to the inside.2.In August 2016,he got the first chance to compete in the national selection competition of the 44th WSC held in Shanghai,　　　　　　(win) the third place. to add 考查非谓语动词。表示“被用来做某事”短语为be used to do sth。故填to add。winning 考查非谓语动词。win与逻辑主语he构成主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。 3.A tree that looks like black fire cuts through the view of the night,　　　　　　(interrupt) its beauty. 4.After the Song Dynasty,cold food did not remain a necessity on this day,and gradually,the Tomb-Sweeping Festival took over the folk activities of Hanshi　　　　　　　　(become) a major festival on this subject. interrupting 考查非谓语动词。空格前是一个完整的句子,此处应是状语,interrupt和句子主语A tree构成逻辑上的主谓关系,表示自然而然的结果,故填interrupting。to become 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“　　　(become) a major festival on this subject”表示意料之外的结果,故用不定式作结果状语。 5.I knew Dubya and his wife well,but I didn’t think we were close enough 　　　　　　(share) Thanksgiving dinner. to share 考查非谓语动词。句意:我对Dubya和他的妻子很熟悉,但是我认为我们还没亲密到分享感恩节晚餐的地步。enough to do sth 足以用来做某事。 考点2　非谓语动词作定语1.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个来最后一个离开。I can’t think of any good advice to give her.(动宾关系)我想不出任何好的建议给她。His last appeal,to come and see her,went unanswered.(同位关系)没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求,2.现在分词作定语当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时,用现在分词形式。The lecture,starting at 7:00 pm last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.始于昨天晚上7点的这次演讲,紧跟在用望远镜对月球进行观测之后。[名师点津]被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时,用现在分词的被动式作定语,表示该动作的被动和进行。3.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.众多杰出人物从始建于1911 年的清华大学毕业。[名师点津]作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done,doing 表示正在进行;done 表示已经完成。4.动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰词的某种用途,在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”,此时动词-ing形式常置于被修饰词的前面。No flying machine will fly from New York to Paris.没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。小题快练 单句语法填空1.Will cash disappear from our neighborhoods?Cash will likely become less popular,thanks to the high cost of using cash and the 　　　　　(grow) number of alternatives. 2.Many ancient buildings 　　　　　(design) by famous architects attract a number of tourists every year. growing 考查非谓语动词。修饰名词number,且表示“正在增长的”,故用现在分词形式,故填growing。 designed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知design在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语buildings构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语。故填designed。3.But the results support existing healthy eating advice 　　　　　(limit) red and processed meat,and to eat plenty of vegetables,fruit and other protein sources such as nuts and legumes(豆类). 4.I admit I was too scared at that moment and the uncle 　　　　　(stand) beside me was giving me an awkward look. to limit 考查非谓语动词。and前后为并列成分,根据本句后面的to eat可知,此处应该用动词不定式。故填to limit。 standing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处应用非谓语动词形式,stand与逻辑主语uncle构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。5.China’s efforts 　　　 　　(strengthen) the global fight against the pandemic have narrowed the space for a small group of rich countries to buy most of the vaccines. to strengthen 考查非谓语动词。effort表示“努力”时,其后接动词不定式作其定语。考点3　非谓语动词作补足语1.感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do 表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done 表被动或完成。The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.失踪的男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边玩耍。2.动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。On the contrary,those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better.相反,那些让青少年经历了他们行动结果的人能够做得更优秀。3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb to do sth等。4.with/without的复合结构:with/without+n.+doing (主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/to do(目的、将来)。Without anyone noticing,I stole into the room.没有人注意到,我偷偷溜进了房间。小题快练 单句语法填空1.Cash is unique among payment instruments in that anyone can transact(交易),any time,any place,with no third parties 　　　　　　　(involve). 2.That,she hopes,will encourage people 　　　　　 (find) beauty of folk houses and start protecting them,thus arousing attention from still more people,especially the young. involved 考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构,third parties与involve之间是动宾关系,用过去分词表示被动,故填involved。to find 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth 为固定搭配,意为“鼓励某人做某事”。 3.“A project which allows the people of Japan 　　　　　　　　(participate) in creating the medals is really good,and helps raise the environmental awareness of our citizens,” said Tokyo 2020 sports director Koji Murofushi. 4.The speaker then led the group to the room full of balloons and asked them to find the balloon that had their name 　　　　　　(write) on within five minutes. to participate考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth “允许某人做某事”,应填不定式作宾语补足语。written 考查非谓语动词。their name与write之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。考点4　非谓语动词作宾语1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语:suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allow,advise,risk,keep,keep on,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,miss,insist on,look forward to,feel like,get down to,object to 等。We don’t allow diving in the pool.泳池内不准跳水。2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,plan,fail,choose,would like 等。Your father has at last decided to stop smoking.你父亲终于决定戒烟了。[名师点津] 如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。I find it impossible to change her idea.我发现不可能改变她的想法。3.下列动词或词组既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.增加工资意味着增加购买力。4.动词不定式可以与疑问代词及疑问副词(why除外)等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。I didn’t know how to get back to the village.我不知道怎样回到村子。Experience tells you what to do;confidence allows you to do it.经验告诉你干什么,而信心让你去做这件事。小题快练 单句语法填空1.For athletes everywhere,it was getting much harder to carry on 　　　 (train) in the way they needed to. 2.Music is universal.You don’t even need 　　　　　(know) the words to connect to the music and mood of the musician. training 考查非谓语动词。此处的提示词放在介词on后,所以需用动词-ing形式。故填training。to know 考查非谓语动词。need to do sth “需要做某事”,故填to know。 3.“I also look forward to 　　　　　(open) chances to expose the people of my country to Chinese culture.” he added. 4.Also,if you refuse 　　　　　(meet) eye contact with a person,you may be considered to lack confidence. opening 考查非谓语动词。look forward to中的to为介词,故需要动词-ing形式作宾语。to meet 考查非谓语动词。refuse to do sth “拒绝做某事”。 考点5　非谓语动词作主语、表语1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.直面问题而不是逃避是解决它们的最佳途径。(2)it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有:It is/was no use/good+doing sth;It is/was useless doing sth;It’s a waste of time doing sthIt’s important for the figures to be updated regularly.经常性地更新数据是非常重要的。2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”,而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到……的”。Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。Please describe a dog that is frightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。[名师点津]get,become,look,seem,appear 等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语,表示被动或主语的状态。This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failure.温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句话告诉我们,失败之后不应该气馁。小题快练 单句语法填空1.According to the China Movie Data Information Network,　　　　　(hit) this milestone also meant it would become the fourth highest film of the all-time box office chart ever screened in China. 2.They can either see a counselor (顾问) or join an organization,whose goal is　　　　　(help) people find ways to fulfill themselves that do not lead to serious debt and troubled lives. hitting 考查非谓语动词。此处作主语,所以用动词-ing形式。 to help 考查非谓语动词。不定式短语作表语说明goal的内容。 3.UK Education Secretary Gavin Williamson assured the public that　　　　　(keep) schools,nurseries,colleges and other providers as safe as possible for children and staff is the priority. keeping 考查非谓语动词。分析可知,空格处是作主语,用动词-ing形式。 考点6　非谓语动词的时态和语态1.主、被动形式非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时,用被动形式。The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天即将举行的这次会议非常重要。2.时间先后关系根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态:(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生,用非谓语动词的一般式;(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,用非谓语动词的完成式。Having finished his homework,he went to bed.他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。小题快练 单句语法填空1.Many sporting events which are already scheduled 　　　　　(hold) in 2023 may have to be put off,too. 2.If you have time,check out an amazing YouTube channel that I recently found 　　　　　　(call) “invisible people”. to be held 考查非谓语动词。根据短语be scheduled to do sth “计划做某事”可知,此处应用不定式,提示词hold和主语sporting events之间为被动关系,故用不定式的被动形式to be done。故填to be held。called 考查非谓语动词。名词YouTube channel与动词call是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作定语。3.However,old habits and viewpoints take a long time 　　　　　　(turn) over.4.　　　　　　(look) to the future,like any litter problem,we need to look at ways of creating less. to turn 考查非谓语动词。sth takes sb +time+to do表示“某物花费某人时间去做……”,故填to turn。 Looking考查非谓语动词。此处和主语we是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式,表主动,在句子中作状语。故填Looking。 技法图解【例1】 　　　　　(Date) back 250 million years,Himalayan sea salt is a type of rock salt that is naturally pink in color. 分析:句中已有谓语部分is a type of rock salt,因此应用非谓语动词。句子主语Himalayan sea salt与date back之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词-ing形式。【例2】 Born in the 1980s and having long been used to 　　　　　(read) cartoon books while growing up,Mao Ge,who loves traditional architecture ever so much,hit upon the idea of introducing it to a wider readership through cartoons. 分析:平时学习过程中要牢记用动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词和短语。be used to doing sth 为固定搭配,意为“习惯于做某事”。Dating reading 考点达标检测Ⅰ.单句语法填空模拟冲关1.　　　　　　　　　　　　(entertain) the audience,the Yellow Jackets kicked the night off with a selection of lively songs. 2.　　　　　　　　(live) through this global pandemic fight,I have come to a better understanding of China’s responsible attitude in the public health sector.To entertain考查非谓语动词。不定式作目的状语。故填To entertain。 Living 考查非谓语动词。分析可知,句子的谓语动词是have come,故live用非谓语动词形式,该句主语为I,此处与主语为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语。3.It is also important to exercise during the hot summer days.Walking,　　　　　　(jog)and practicing tai chi are popular. 4.With this landing,China becomes the second country　　　　　　　(put) a rover on Mars. jogging 考查非谓语动词。设空处和“Walking”“practicing”并列,需填动词-ing形式作主语。故填jogging。to put 考查非谓语动词。名词前有序数词限定时,后面需加动词不定式作后置定语。故填to put。 真题演练1.(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台),Henry ran one hundred metres,jumped over a 1.2-metre fence,and held out his arms to catch the 　　　　　　(fall) child. 2.(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷)He pushed a chair onto the balcony,and climbed up　　　　　　　　　　　(see) them. falling 考查非谓语动词。句中的held out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”,child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用动词-ing形式作定语。故填falling。to see 考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式作目的状语。故填to see。 3.(2022全国乙卷)①　　　　　　　　(strengthen)the connection with young people,the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,②　　　　　　　　(invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. To strengthen inviting ①考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。②考查非谓语动词。因逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。5.(2021全国甲卷)It is possible 　　　　　　　　　　(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 4.(2021全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 　　　　　　　(have) a low impact on the natural environment. to have 考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth旨在做某事。 to walk 考查非谓语动词。it is possible to do sth为固定搭配,意为“做某事是可能的”,故填to walk。 Ⅱ.语法与写作1.(2022全国甲卷,书面表达)6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。(动词-ing形式短语作定语)2.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)看着他的眼睛,我告诉他他已经训练了很多所以不要放弃。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)World Ocean Day,falling on June 8th,is aimed at raising public awareness of ocean conservation.Looking him in the eye,I told him not to give up after he had trained a lot. 3.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)作为一名年轻的学生,我建议Youth刊登指导我们择业的文章,我希望它会变得更受欢迎。(动词不定式作定语)4.(2021全国甲卷,书面表达) 我们目前的计划是介绍中国的传统节日、戏曲和剪纸。(动词不定式作表语)As a young student,I suggest that Youth carry articles to guide us in choosing our careers and I hope that it will become even more popular.Our current plan is to introduce traditional Chinese festivals,operas and paper cutting.5.(2021浙江卷,应用文写作)我强烈推荐你参观这个展览,我相信你会学到很多关于中国文化和艺术的知识。(动词-ing形式作宾语)I highly recommend visiting this exhibition,where I am sure you will learn a lot about Chinese culture and art.Ⅲ.语法填空 (非谓语动词专练)Do you like 1.　　　　　　　　(travel)?2.　　　　　(stay) healthy while 3.　　　　　(travel) can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.Here are the tips you need 4. 　　　　　　　　(make) your trip much easier. Make sure you have got a 5.　　　　　　(sign)passport and visa. Also,before you go,fill in the emergency information page of your passport! Make two copies of your passport identification page.This will help a lot if your passport is 6. 　　　　　　　　(steal).Leave one copy at home with friends or relatives.Carry the other with you in a separate place from your passport. travelling Staying travelling to make signed stolen Read the public announcements or travel warnings for the countries you plan 7.　　　　　　(visit).Get yourself 8.　　　　　　(inform)of local laws and customs of the countries to which you are travelling. Leave a copy of your itinerary(旅行日程)with family or friends at home so that you can 9.　　　 　　(contact)in case of an emergency. Do not accept packages 10.　　　　　　(give)from strangers.Do not carry too much money or unnecessary credit cards.If you make enough preparations,you will succeed.Have a good time! to visit informed be contacted given 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,给要去国外旅行的人提供了一些建议,以保障旅行安全、提高旅行舒适度。1.travelling　考查非谓语动词作宾语。like后接动词-ing形式表示习惯性的行为。也可接不定式,只是不定式表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的行为,故这里用动词-ing形式更合适。2.Staying　考查非谓语动词作主语。用动词-ing形式作主语多表示抽象的动作。3.travelling　考查状语从句的省略。此处省略了主语和be动词,应使用travelling。4.to make　考查非谓语动词作目的状语。此处缺目的状语,用不定式充当。5.signed　考查非谓语动词作定语。sign 和 passport 是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。6.stolen　考查非谓语动词作表语。此处为过去分词作表语。7.to visit　考查非谓语动词作宾语。plan to do sth “计划做某事”。8.informed　考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。yourself 和 inform 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。9.be contacted　考查动词的语态。contact与you为被动关系,所以用被动语态。10.given　考查非谓语动词作定语。give 与 packages 是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。