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专题04 阅读理解之说明文10篇-备战2024年广东中考英语逆袭练（深圳专用）
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专题04 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）Expected to open in 2024, the Shenzhen-Zhongshan bridge across the Pearl River will cut travel time between the two cities in South China’s Guangdong province (省) from two hours to about 30 minutes.
The project crosses the sea, connecting two bridges, two islands, underwater channels and a two-way eight-lane tunnel (八车道隧道). According to the China Daily newspaper, 320,000 tons of steel (钢材) will be needed to build the two-way eight-lane tunnel, which will be 6.8 km long and 46 meters wide, making it the largest and widest in the world. The connection is made up of 19 bridges, the longest of which is 10 kilometers. The speed limit on the bridge, when it is completed, will be a speed of 100 km per hour at most.
As an important project in China under the country’s 13th Five-Year Plan (2016—2020), the bridge, once completed, is expected to improve communication in the Greater Bay Area, which covers Hong Kong, Macao and Guangdong. The bridge will also join up the Nansha, Qianhai, Cuiheng and Hengqin areas of the province.
Chen Lei, a doctor now working in Shenzhen, was born and raised in Zhongshan. He couldn’t hide his excitement when talking about the bridge, “It would be much more convenient for me to visit my parents. My friends who run business on local food products are happy with the huge market in Shenzhen and reduced traffic cost. There have also been more Shenzhen-based companies and factories setting up offices, building houses and getting workers in my hometown. I believe the bridge will not only benefit my hometown but also all the connected parts in Guandong.”
1．How much travel time will be saved by the Shenzhen-Zhongshan bridge?
A．30 minutes. B．60 minutes. C．90 minutes. D．120 minutes.
2．How does the writer present the bridge in the second paragraph?
A．By listing examples. B．By giving numbers.
C．By describing pictures. D．By showing differences.
3．What does the third paragraph mainly introduce about the bridge?
A．Its look. B．Its size. C．Its influence. D．Its development.
4．What can we learn from Chen Lei’s words?
A．Local house price will be reduced in Shenzhen.
B．More factories are creating new offices in Shenzhen.
C．More job opportunities will be provided in Zhongshan.
D．Local market of food products will be huge in Zhongshan.
5．Where is the passage probably taken from?
A．A newspaper. B．A storybook. C．A travel diary. D．A science book.
（2022·广东深圳·统考二模）If you have a dog, you probably feel a strong bond (纽带) with it. A recent study found that this bond may not only be important to kids, but also be important to dogs.
Researchers at Oregon State University studied the relationship between kids and dogs. To do the study, they recruited (招募) 30 young people aged 8 to 17, who have dogs to do an experiment. The kids were asked to bring their dogs to an empty room. In the room, a kid was asked to walk around the huge space, sometimes stopping or changing the direction. “And the dog was left to do whatever the dog wanted to do.” says Monique Udell, one of the study’s authors.
But most of the time, the dog didn’t do any of those things. Instead, it stayed close to its owner and moved similarly to its owner. The dogs did this far more often than you would expect them to do it by chance.
What does this mean? Udell explains that this is a dog’s way of building a relationship with a human, “Dogs always stay close to kids, even though adults are usually the ones who feed and care for them. The kid may play a sibling (兄弟姐妹) role in the life of the dog,” Udell says. “This shows that the relationship between kids and dogs is of great importance to the dogs.”
So far, Udell’s team’s study has just focused on dogs. Udell wonders if the animal-human bond is important to other kinds of pets as well. Researchers say that more studies will be done.
6．Why did researchers do the experiment?
A．To have more dogs to do the research. B．To find out the importance of pet dogs.
C．To recruit 30 young people for the study. D．To study the bond between kids and dogs.
7．What did the dogs do in the experiment?
A．They were left from their owners. B．They followed their owners closely.
C．They barked loudly at their owners. D．They gave much help to their owners.
8．What makes a dog stay closer to a kid than to an adult?
A．Its fear of adults. B．Kids’ love for them.
C．The dangers in its life. D．Its wish to have a sibling.
9．What can be learned from the passage about Udell’s team’s study?
A．The study still has a long way to go.
B．The study makes no sense in petting dogs.
C．Kids look after pet dogs better than adults.
D．Other animals also stay closer to kids than adults.
10．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．The strong bond of kids B．The favorite pets of kids
C．The new study of pet dogs D．The situation of pet dogs
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）Many people say that when they use weighted quilts (被子), they have better sleep, lower stress and anxiety, and are more relaxed than using a light one.
But there aren’t many studies to show the benefits of lying under a weighted quilt. Recently, researchers from Uppsala University in Sweden did a study to find out whether using a weighted quilt can actually help sleep.
Twenty-six young, healthy adults took part in the study. In one stage, they were covered with a weighted quilt (weighing about 12% of their body weight) for one hour before bedtime, then they had an eight-hour sleep. Researchers collected their saliva samples (唾液样本) during the pre-sleep hour to record changes in melatonin (褪黑素) and other hormone concentrations (激素浓度). In the next stage, participants (参与者) were covered with a light quilt (2.4% of their body weight) for the night.
They found that when participants laid under a weighted quilt for an hour before bedtime, they showed a 32% increase in salivary melatonin concentration (唾液褪黑素浓度).
Melatonin plays a big role in body’s sleep-wake cycle. The body produces melatonin at night, and there are a few ways to get melatonin from other sources—certain foods (like cherries and milk) or melatonin supplements (补充剂).
While this study is small and just a first step exploring the health benefits of weighted quilts, it does suggest that weighted quilts may help sleep. More related studies will be carried out in the future.
11．What does the underlined word anxiety probably mean?
A．Happiness. B．Concern. C．Excitement. D．Fear.
12．How did researchers measure the changes of melatonin in the study?
A．By recording how long the participants have deep sleep.
B．By asking if the participants sleep well the whole night.
C．By collecting participants’ saliva samples before bedtime.
D．By giving participants medical examination after sleeping.
13．In the study, if the participant’s weight is 60 kg, how heavy will the light quilt be?
A．About 1.5 kg. B．About 3.5 kg. C．About 7.5 kg. D．About 12.5 kg.
14．What can you infer (推断) from paragraph 5?
A．Drinking milk can help people sleep well. B．The body can not produce melatonin itself.
C．Melatonin can hardly influence one’s sleep. D．Melatonin supplements can be used every night.
15．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Better sleep, better health B．Earlier bedtime, better sleep
C．Melatonin: your sleep saver D．Weighted quilts: a better choice
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）Do dragons exist today? Although often mistaken for a mythical（神话的）creature, we actually live among several different types of “dragons.” For example, you may have seen dragonfly flying over a summer garden or read about a Komodo dragon lizard. The ocean has its share of dragons, too.
The blue dragon is a marine（海洋的）snail without a shell. It is commonly known as a blue sea slug（海参）. This particular species of marine snail can swallow a bubble of air（which it holds in its stomach）that enables it to float upside down on the surface of the ocean. The underside of the slug is blue, and it back is a gray color. This helps to conceal it from birds flying overhead and from fish swimming below.
Blue dragons feed on poisonous jellyfish and other similar species. When food is in short supply, they will eat each other. They collect toxins（毒素）from the jellyfish and store it in many finger-like structures. This ability to store poison gives them a much stronger sting（刺）than the jellyfish itself. They use this poison as a defense against enemies. The sting can also be felt by people.
These creatures are rarely visible for study and observation except for when they come close to land during times of onshore winds. They have been seen in Hawaii and in tropical（热带）waters around the world. Beware（当心）of the blue dragon’s sting!
16．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．It gives details about the topic.
B．It introduces the subject.
C．It introduces the author.
D．It gives examples of mythical monsters.
17．What does the underlined word “conceal” in the second paragraph mean?
A．Discover. B．Notice. C．Protect. D．Hide.
18．How does the coloring of the blue sea slug provide protection?
A．It floats right side up so the blue faces down in the water.
B．Its gray coloring makes it look the same as ocean waves.
C．Its blue underside and its gray back help it not be seen from above and below.
D．It gives off blue poison into the water to protect it from enemies.
19．What’s the blue dragon’s main defense against enemies?
A．It floats upside down in the water.
B．It stores poison and stings enemies.
C．It feeds on poisonous jellyfish.
D．It moves to coastal waters during times of onshore winds.
20．Which of the following facts about the animal is true according to the passage?
A．The animal has the word “dragon” as part of its name because it is a mythical creature.
B．We can only see types of “dragons” in oceans.
C．A bubble of water in its stomach enables it to float upside down.
D．The creature are not commonly seen by people for study and observation.
（2023春·广东深圳·九年级校联考阶段练习）“Lives of great men all remind us we can make our lives sublime (令人崇敬的). And, departing (离开), leave behind us footprints on the sand of time.” The lines are from A Psalm of Life (《人生颂》) by US poet Henry Longfellow (1807-1882). Chen Lin, a great educator, read them in a video when he was 96 years old.
The master of English education in China celebrated his 100th birthday in April, 2022. He has devoted his whole life to foreign-language education. In 1950, Chen started teaching at Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU). He was known as the “Professor of Three Ups”. He kept on “standing up” and “speaking up” in his classes. He always stood to teach and spoke loudly. But, when class was over, he would “shut up” at once.
In the 1980s, most teachers in China used the “teacher speaks, students listen” model of English education. But Chen encouraged students to speak more and practice more. He also guided students to master different language skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
In 1999, Chen and his team developed English curriculum standards (课程标准). Before that, English teaching goals from primary school to university were not well-connected. But they changed the situation and made English education like “one package”.
After retirement (退休), Chen continues working. He reads every day. He also writes articles about how to improve English education.
21．Mr Chen read A Psalm of Life in ________.
A．1922 B．2018 C．2022 D．1976
22．“Three ups” refers to the following things except ________.
A．giving up B．shutting up C．standing up D．speaking up
23．What does the underlined word “they” refer to?
A．Lines. B．English curriculum standards. C．Teaching goals. D．English education.
24．What can we learn from this passage?
A．Chen started teaching at BFSU at the age of 38.
B．In the 1980s, few teachers in China used the “teacher speaks, students listen” model of English education.
C．Before 1999, English teaching goals from primary school to university were well-connected.
D．Mr Chen and his team developed English curriculum standards which made English education like “one package”.
25．The purpose of this passage is to introduce ________.
A．the models of English education in China
B．the development of English curriculum standards in China
C．a great educator of English education in China
D．a great US poet and his poems
（2023春·广东深圳·九年级深圳市南山外国语学校校考阶段练习）
Emotions such as fear and anxiety can make the heart beat faster. Now a study in mice has found that the opposite is also true—increasing the heart rate (心率) can raise anxiety levels.
To test the fact directly, Deisseroth with his team turned to a method that uses light to control cell(细胞) activity. The team trained the animals to react quickly to light and expect a shock if they pressed a handle for a water reward. Using the system, the team raised the animals’ heart rates from their normal 660 beats per minute to 900. When their hearts started racing, mice became less willing to press the handle or to explore open areas, showing that they were more anxious. But for animals in other situations, the increased heart rate had no effect, suggesting that the brain and the heart worked together to produce anxiety.
When the researchers measured the animals’ brain activity, they found that brain became more active when the heart rate increased if the animal was acting anxiously. It means that brain is in charge of joining signals from the heart with danger from the environment before they pass on the information to higher thinking areas.
26．What is the result of the study in mice?
A．Fear and anxiety will get the heart faster. B．Raising heart rate leads to anxious behavior.
C．Bad emotions result in faster heart beat. D．Increased heart rate lower anxious level.
27．How did Deisseroth with his team operate the test?
A．By using light to control cell activity. B．By making mice have a shock.
C．By forcing mice to drink some water. D．By teaching them to press a handle.
28．What does the underlined word “suggesting” mean?
A．Introducing. B．Accepting. C．Advising. D．Showing.
29．What can we infer (推断) from the researchers’ finding of Paragraph 3?
A．The animal became less active when the heart rate raised if it was anxious.
B．Brain takes charge of signals from the heart and danger from the environment.
C．The heart-brain circle can help animals deal with danger signals more quickly.
D．Animals’ heart can help pass the information on to their higher thinking areas.
30．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Can Raising a Mouse’s Anxiety Level Help Raise Its Heart Beat?
B．Anxiety Can be Created by the Body, Mouse Heart Study Suggests
C．Emotions Can Make the Heart Beat Faster, A Heart Study Suggests
D．Does Deisseroth With His Team Use Light to Control Animals’ Activity?
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）If you happen to see a foreign man leading a group of teenagers practicing Wushu, or martial arts, in a park or by the seaside in Shenzhen, that might be Duiu Onofrei, who has been teaching Qwan Ki Do (观气道) in the city since 2017.
Onofrei, a Romanian martial arts instructor and volunteer, came to China because he was attracted by Chinese martial arts. Onofrei started to practice martial arts in his teens 34 years ago in Romania. He said he watched a lot of Jackie Chan’s and Bruce Lee’s movies and was interested in their movements. This is the reason why Onofrei started practicing some martial arts moves.
One morning after Onofrei arrived in Shenzhen, he got up early and saw many people practicing Tai Chi at around 6:30 a.m.. Onofrei spent hours watching them and found some movements in Tai Chi are similar to those in Qwan Ki Do. He loves to share his knowledge and experience with Chinese Kung Fu teachers and practitioners. Then he started to regularly teach martial arts for free.
Last year, he organized a Chinese team to attend the seventh Qwan Ki Do martial arts world championship and achieved great results. Onofrei said he dreams to inherit and carry forward (继承和弘扬) the spirit of martial arts, and to encourage more young people to practice martial arts in Shenzhen.
31．How long has Onofrei been teaching Qwan Ki Do in Shenzhen?
A．For 1 year. B．For 3 years. C．For 6 years. D．For 34 years.
32．Why did Onofrei start learning martial arts?
A．Because China is known as the birthplace of martial arts.
B．Because martial arts were popular when he was a teenager.
C．Because he was attracted by martial arts moves in the movies.
D．Because martial arts can help him become stronger and healthier.
33．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．Onofrei teaches Qwan Ki Do to make money.
B．Onofrei gets up early to practice Tai Chi every day.
C．Tai Chi and Qwan Ki Do have something in common.
D．Tai Chi is more interesting and useful than Qwan Ki Do.
34．What is Onofrei’s dream ?
A．To make lots of money as a martial arts teacher. B．To play a role in action movies of Jackie Chan.
C．To be a popular Qwan Ki Do teacher in China. D．To attract more people to practice martial arts.
35．Where can you probably read the passage?
A．In a storybook. B．In a newspaper. C．In a travel magazine. D．In a science book.
（2023春·广东深圳·九年级深圳市福永中学校考阶段练习）According to National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林业和草原局), China will have 75 percent of its wild animals on land under the national key protection system by 2025. Its announcement took place on Sunday, which happened to be the International Day for Biological Diversity (多样性).
The administration said that China has successfully set wild animals into nature reserves after human breeding (繁殖). It said that nine milu deer (麋鹿) recently came into the world in the Daqingshan National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia (内蒙古). They are babies of the milu deer who were set into the wild in September following human breeding in Beijing and Jiangsu province.
According to the administration, human breeding has helped to increase the population of some animal kinds that had before disappeared in the wild, such as milu deer and Przewalski’s horses. There are now around 10,000 milu deer and around 700 Przewalski’s horses. As for other wild populations, the giant panda population has increased from 1,114 in the 1980s to 1,864. The number of wild Asian elephants has increased from about 180 to 300 during the same period.
The administration plans to improve the protection of wild animals—including giant pandas. Siberian tigers, Asian elephants, and snow leopards.
At the same time, the government has made more efforts to punish illegal trading in wildlife, which also helps with the increase of wild animals.
36．How many kinds of wild animals are mentioned in the passage?
A．5. B．6. C．7. D．8.
37．What do we know about milu deer from the passage?
A．75 percent of milu deer are being protected by the nation.
B．Nine milu deer were set into the wild in September.
C．Human breeding plays the biggest part in their population increase.
D．Milu deer once disappeared in the wild.
38．What was the population of wild Asian elephants in the 1980s.
A．About 120. B．About 180.
C．About 700. D．About 1,114.
39．According to the passage, what has China done to protect wild animals?
A．Planting more trees.
B．Controlling human breeding.
C．Preventing illegal selling and buying.
D．Setting a national day for biological diversity.
40．What does the passage mainly want to tell us?
A．Nature reserves B．Animal diversity.
C．Wildlife protection. D．Endangered animals.
（2023春·广东深圳·九年级深圳市福永中学校考一模）For teenagers, success is usually the achievement of a goal or completion of something they really need, such as good grades and the ability to get along well with their classmates. Some schools used to measure (判定) the success of students according to grades, but now they pay special attention to moral (道德的) education and character-building to make sure teenagers achieve success in building human relationships.
Schools give chances to students to discover their hidden ability so that they can achieve success. For example, students who are good at speaking skills are advised to take part in speech competitions, and those interested in dancing are encouraged to perform in front of their classmates. Teenagers also get the pleasure of success when they join their favorite clubs.
Teenagers are often told that success is not easy to achieve and that success lies in hard work. Great efforts have to be put into project work. Teenagers are less likely to do things later than planned because this will lead to mountains of work and will finally make them nervous. Another good quality (品质) is a sense of responsibility which makes them remember that a task has to be completed.
Sticking to moral values is the key to success too. Honest teenagers will win the trust of friends and develop good relationships. Self-motivation (自我激励) is another quality to be developed. Because self-motivated teenagers will have the strong will to finish a task and finally get to enjoy a sense of achievement.
41．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph l refer to (指代)?
A．Their classmates. B．Some schools.
C．Most parents. D．Their children.
42．Why are students given chances to take part in activities?
A．To get good grades B．To improve speaking ability.
C．To express their love for arts D．To get the pleasure of success.
43．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Project work makes teenagers nervous.
B．Good qualities will lead to a happy life.
C．Teenagers are advised to complete tasks in time.
D．Taking responsibility will make work much easier.
44．What is important for making students strong-minded?
A．Honesty. B．Self-motivation
C．Communication. D．Friends’ trust.
45．What can be the best title for the text?
A．The Value of Moral Education
B．The Key to Discovering Hidden Ability
C．The Meaning of Success to Teenagers
D．The Way to Communicate with Others
（2023春·广东深圳·九年级深圳实验学校校考一模）As children patients sometimes require long hospital stays, they often miss school or have little communication with their friends. This can lead to a sense of loneliness. That’s why the global nonprofit organization, TEACH, has appeared.
For the past seven years, students from 15 universities have volunteered in about 30 hospitals worldwide to bring an educational program to sick children, which helps develop their interest in science and nature. And most importantly, they have raised the spirits and improved the confidence of thousands of sick children.
Isaac Snyder, TEACH Executive Director, said that it’s heartwarming to watch the older students help the younger patients with some of the more advanced activities, the program of TEACH makes children experience more than just reading coloring books, watching movies or playing online games. It teaches kids how science can be used for their own illness. Besides inspiring kids to see science in a new light, it help kids understand the diseases that are putting them in the hospital. “It has a great effect on kids. And it can reduce their fears and help them have a positive attitude towards science”. Isaac explained.
Isaac knows TEACH can also inspire volunteers to start a career in medicine. Take Isaac as an example. Though Isaac started out as just a volunteer, he finally studied medicine and made a difference to the lives of children patients. When people asked Isaac what he had seen in the patients’ spirits as those patients joined in the program of TEACH he shared, and they were so happy.
46．What is TEACH?
A．A hospital room. B．A travel program.
C．A medical technology. D．A volunteer organization.
47．What is the greatest achievement of TEACH for children patients?
A．To take care of them scientifically. B．To encourage them to be hopeful.
C．To offer them medical education. D．To help them understand hospitals.
48．Which is the most important in helping children become less afraid of illness?
A．Making friends with them. B．Telling them funny stories.
C．Playing online games with them. D．Giving them knowledge of diseases.
49．Which of the following can best describe TEACH’s program?
A．Easy and relaxing. B．Boring but important.
C．Creative and successful. D．Expensive but worthwhile.
50．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Sick children can have a lot of fun in the hospital.
B．How TEACH has an effect on volunteers’ careers.
C．How to reduce sick children’s loneliness and sadness.
D．TEACH uses an educational program to help sick children.
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了横跨珠江的深中大桥工程项目及其影响。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Expected to open in 2024, the Shenzhen-Zhongshan bridge across the Pearl River will cut travel time between the two cities in South China’s Guangdong province (省) from two hours to about 30 minutes.”可知横跨珠江的深中大桥预计将于2024年开通，将把中国南方广东省两个城市之间的旅行时间从两个小时缩短到约30分钟。因此节省了90分钟。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“According to the China Daily newspaper, 320,000 tons of steel (钢材) will be needed to build the two-way eight-lane tunnel, which will be 6.8 km long and 46 meters wide, making it the largest and widest in the world. ”可知据《中国日报》报道，建造双向八车道隧道将需要32万吨钢材，该隧道长6.8公里，宽46米，是世界上最大和最宽的隧道。作者使用了列数字的方式来介绍这工程。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“once completed, is expected to improve communication in the Greater Bay Area, which covers Hong Kong, Macao and Guangdong. The bridge will also join up the Nansha, Qianhai, Cuiheng and Hengqin areas of the province.”可知一旦建成，预计将改善大湾区的沟通，包括香港，澳门和广东。该桥还将连接该省的南沙、前海、翠横和横琴地区。因此主要介绍了这座大桥的影响。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“There have also been more Shenzhen-based companies and factories setting up offices, building houses and getting workers in my hometown.”可知也有更多的深圳公司和工厂在我的家乡设立办公室，建造房屋和招工。因此会有更多的工作机会在中山。故选C。
5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，主要介绍了深中大桥工程的建造及其影响，很有可能在报纸上读到。故选A。
6．D 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了最近的一项研究发现，人和狗之间的联系可能对狗很重要。
6．细节理解题。根据“Researchers at Oregon State University studied the relationship between kids and dogs.”可知，该实验是为了研究孩子和狗之间的关系。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据“ Instead, it stayed close to its owner and moved similarly to its owner. The dogs did this far more often than you would expect them to do it by chance.”可知，它们会紧紧地跟着主人。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据“Dogs always stay close to kids, even though adults are usually the ones who feed and care for them. The kid may play a sibling (兄弟姐妹) role in the life of the dog”可知，狗总是待在孩子身边，尽管通常是成年人喂养和照顾它们，因为孩子可能在狗的生活中扮演兄弟姐妹的角色。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据“ Udell wonders if the animal-human bond is important to other kinds of pets as well. Researchers say that more studies will be done.”可知，研究人员表示，还要进行更多的研究，所以这项研究还有很长的路要走。故选A。
10．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了关于宠物狗和人之间的联系的研究，C项“关于宠物狗的新研究”适合作最佳标题。故选C。
11．D 12．C 13．A 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文通过研究证明盖厚重的被子更有利于睡眠。
11．词义猜测题。根据“Many people say that when they use weighted quilts (被子), they have better sleep, lower stress and anxiety”可知，会让人们感到更少的压力和焦虑的情绪，所以划线单词与fear同义，故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据“Researchers collected their saliva samples (唾液样本) during the pre-sleep hour to record changes in melatonin”可知，通过收集了他们的唾液样本来记录褪黑素的变化，故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据“In the next stage, participants (参与者) were covered with a light quilt (2.4% of their body weight) for the night.”可知，轻被子占体重的2.4%，如果这个人的体重是60公斤，那么这个被子应该是60×2.4%=1.44 kg，大约是1.5 kg。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据“The body produces melatonin at night, and there are a few ways to get melatonin from other sources—certain foods (like cherries and milk) or melatonin supplements”可知，身体在晚上产生褪黑素，而褪黑素有助于人们睡眠，喝牛奶可以获取褪黑色，由此可推断喝牛奶帮助人们睡得好，故选A。
15．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文通过研究证明盖厚重的被子更有利于睡眠，所以D选项“加重被子：更好的选择”符合本文标题，故选D。
16．B 17．D 18．C 19．B 20．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了海洋里的“蓝龙”。
16．主旨大意题。根据“For example, you may have seen dragonfly flying over a summer garden or read about a Komodo dragon lizard. The ocean has its share of dragons, too”可知，第一段是为了引出下文介绍“蓝龙”，故选B。
17．词义猜测题。根据“The underside of the slug is blue, and it back is a gray color. This helps to conceal it from birds flying overhead and from fish swimming below”可知，底部和背部的颜色是有助于隐藏它，不被从头顶飞过的鸟类和下面游泳的鱼发现，所以划线单词与hide同义，故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据“The underside of the slug is blue, and it back is a gray color. This helps to conceal it from birds flying overhead and from fish swimming below”可知，它的蓝色底部和灰色背部使它从上面和下面都不被看见，故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据“This ability to store poison gives them a much stronger sting（刺）than the jellyfish itself”可知，储存毒药来刺敌人，故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据“This particular species of marine snail can swallow a bubble of air（which it holds in its stomach）that enables it to float upside down on the surface of the ocean”可知，把气泡吞在胃里，使它能够倒立在海面上漂浮，故选C。
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．C
【导语】 本文主要介绍了伟大的教育家陈琳的教育理念。
21．推理判断题。根据“The lines are from A Psalm of Life (《人生颂》) by US poet Henry Longfellow (1807-l882). Chen Lin, a great educator, read them in a video when he was 96 years old.”和“The master of English education in China celebrated his 100th birthday in April, 2022.”可知，2022年陈先生100岁，96岁时（2018年）陈先生阅读了《生命诗篇》。故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据“He was known as the ‘Professor of Three Ups’. He kept on ‘standing up’ and ‘speaking up’ in his classes. He always stood to teach and spoke loudly. But, when class was over, he would ‘shut up’ at once.”可知，他被称为“三高教授”。他在课堂上不断地“站起来”和“大声说出来”。他总是站着上课，大声说话。但是，当下课时，他会立刻“闭嘴”可。所以“三高”不包括放弃。故选A。
23．词句猜测题。根据“In 1999, Chen and his team developed English curriculum standards (课程标准), Before that, English teaching goals from primary school to university were not well-connected.”可知，在此之前，从小学到大学的英语教学目标并不紧密相连。但……改变了现状，使英语教育成为“一个整体”。因此可猜测出，下划线单词的意思应是“英语课程标准”。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据“In 1999, Chen and his team developed English curriculum standards (课程标准), Before that, English teaching goals from primary school to university were not well-connected. But they changed the situation and made English education like ‘one package’.”可知，陈先生和他的团队制定了英语课程标准，使英语教育成为“一个整体”。故选D。
25．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了陈先生和他的团队制定了英语课程标准，使英语教育成为“一个整体”。这篇文章的目的是介绍中国一位伟大的英语教育教育家。故选C。
26．B 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了一项在老鼠心脏上的研究显示——心率加快也会导致焦虑。
26．细节理解题。根据“Now a study in mice has found that the opposite is also true—increasing the heart rate can raise anxiety levels.”可知，心率加快也会导致焦虑，故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据“To test the fact directly, Deisseroth with his team turned to a method that uses light to control cell activity. ”可知，Deisseroth和他的团队采用了一种利用光来控制细胞活动的方法，故选A。
28．词义猜测题。根据“But for animals in other situations, the increased heart rate had no effect, suggesting that the brain and the heart worked together to produce anxiety.”可知，对于其他情况下的动物来说，心率增加没有任何影响，这表明大脑和心脏共同作用产生焦虑。因此“suggesting”意为“showing”，故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据“ It means that brain is in charge of joining signals from the heart with danger from the environment before they pass on the information to higher thinking areas.”可知，大脑负责将来自心脏的信号与来自环境的危险联系起来，然后再将信息传递到更高的思维区域。故选B。
30．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，一项研究显示——心率加快也会导致焦虑，故选B。
31．C 32．C 33．C 34．D 35．B
【导语】本文讲述了来自罗马尼亚的Onofrei是一名武术教练和外籍志愿者，热爱武术的他一直梦想着能够来到中国这一武术的发源地。他希望能够在中国传承和弘扬武术精神，带领深圳更多的年轻人学习和爱上武术。
31．细节理解题。根据“If you happen to see a foreign man leading a group of teenagers practicing Wushu, or martial arts, in a park or by the seaside in Shenzhen, that might be Duiu Onofrei, who has been teaching Qwan Ki Do (观气道) in the city since 2017.”可知，Onofrei自2017年以来就在深圳教观气道，所以距今有6年了。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据“He said he watched a lot of Jackie Chan’s and Bruce Lee’s movies and was interested in their movements. This is the reason why Onofrei started practicing some martial arts moves.”（他说他看了很多成龙和李小龙的电影，对他们的动作很感兴趣。这就是为什么Onofrei开始练习一些武术动作的原因。）可知，因为他被电影里的武术动作吸引了。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据“Onofrei spent hours watching them and found some movements in Tai Chi are similar to those in Qwan Ki Do”可知，太极和观气道有一些共同之处。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据“Onofrei said he dreams to inherit and carry forward (继承和弘扬) the spirit of martial arts, and to encourage more young people to practice martial arts in Shenzhen.”可知，Onofrei的梦想是继承和发扬武术精神，并鼓励更多的年轻人在深圳练习武术。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章讲述了来自罗马尼亚的Onofrei是一名武术教练和外籍志愿者，热爱武术的他一直梦想着能够来到中国这一武术的发源地。他希望能够在中国传承和弘扬武术精神，带领深圳更多的年轻人学习和爱上武术。所以我们可能在报纸上看到。故选B。
36．B 37．D 38．B 39．C 40．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国加大力度对野生动物的保护，通过人工繁殖来增加濒临灭绝的动物，也加大了对野生动物非法交易的惩罚力度。
36．细节理解题。根据“milu deer”、“Przewalski’s horses”、“giant panda”、“Asian elephants”、“Siberian tigers”以及“snow leopards”可知，一共提到了六种野生动物。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据“...human breeding has helped to increase the population of some animal kinds that had before disappeared in the wild, such as milu deer and Przewalski’s horses.”可知，麋鹿曾经在野外消失。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据“...in the 1980s to 1,864. The number of wild Asian elephants has increased from about 180 to 300 over the same period.”可知，在20世纪80年代野生亚洲象的数量约是180。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据“At the same time, the government has made more efforts to punish unlawful trading in wildlife, which also helps with the increase of wild animals.”可知，政府加大了对野生动物非法交易的惩罚力度，这也有助于野生动物的增加。故选C。
40．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了中国通过人工繁殖以及加大对非法买卖的惩罚，来保护野生动物。故选C。
41．B 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了现今老师和学校更加关注道德教育和性格塑造，以确保青少年在建立人际关系方面取得成功，同时介绍了帮助孩子们获得成功的关键是什么。
41．词义猜测题。根据“Some schools used to measure (判定) the success of students according to grades, but now they pay special attention to moral (道德的) education and character-building to make sure teenagers achieve success in building human relationships.”可知，一些学校过去同意大多数家长用成绩来衡量孩子的成功，但现在他们特别重视道德教育和性格塑造，所以they指代前文提到的some schools。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据“Teenagers also get the pleasure of success when they join their favorite clubs.”可知，参加活动是为了获得成功的乐趣。故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据“Another good quality (品质) is a sense of responsibility which makes them remember that a task has to be completed.”可推断，第三段告诉我们：责任感使孩子们记得要按时完成任务。故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据“Self-motivation (自我激励) is another quality to be developed. Because self-motivated teenagers will have the strong will to finish a task and finally get to enjoy a sense of achievement.”可知，自我激励的青少年会有坚强的意志，因此自我激励是培养学生坚强意志的重要因素。故选B。
45．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文围绕“success成功”这一个词展开描述，介绍了成功对于孩子们的意义，以及成功的关键，所以C选项“成功对青少年的意义”为最佳标题。故选C。
46．D 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．D
【导语】本文讲述了一个全球公益组织——TEACH。
46．细节理解题。根据“That’s why the global nonprofit organization, TEACH, has appeared.”可知TEACH是一家非营利志愿组织，故选D。
47．细节理解题。根据“And most importantly, they have raised the spirits and improved the confidence of thousands of sick children.”（最重要的是，他们振奋了成千上万生病儿童的精神，提高了他们的信心。）可知最大的成就是鼓励他们充满希望。故选B。
48．细节理解题。根据“Besides inspiring kids to see science in a new light, it help kids understand the diseases that are putting them in the hospital. ‘It has a great effect on kids. And it can reduce their fears and help them have a positive attitude towards science’ Isaac explained.”（除了鼓励孩子们从新的角度看待科学之外，它还帮助孩子们了解把他们送进医院的疾病。艾萨克解释说：“这对孩子们有很大的影响。它可以减少他们的恐惧，帮助他们对科学有积极的态度。”）可知在帮助孩子们减少对疾病的恐惧方面，给他们疾病知识最重要，故选D。
49．细节理解题。根据“For the past seven years, students from 15 universities have volunteered in about 30 hospitals worldwide to bring an educational program to sick children, which helps develop their interest in science and nature. And most importantly, they have raised the spirits and improved the confidence of thousands of sick children.”（在过去的七年里，来自15所大学的学生在全世界大约30家医院自愿为生病的儿童提供教育项目，这有助于培养他们对科学和自然的兴趣。最重要的是，他们振奋了成千上万生病儿童的精神，提高了他们的信心。）可知TEACH的成就是巨大的，项目非常有创造力，很成功，故选C。
50．最佳标题题。根据“As children patients sometimes require long hospital stays, they often miss school or have little communication with their friends. This can lead to a sense of loneliness. That’s why the global nonprofit organization, TEACH, has appeared.”（由于儿童患者有时需要长时间住院，他们经常缺课或与朋友很少沟通。这会导致孤独感。这就是为什么出现了全球非营利组织TEACH。）可知TEACH使用一个教育计划来帮助生病的孩子符合文章大意，故选D。
专题04 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）Expected to open in 2024, the Shenzhen-Zhongshan bridge across the Pearl River will cut travel time between the two cities in South China’s Guangdong province (省) from two hours to about 30 minutes.
The project crosses the sea, connecting two bridges, two islands, underwater channels and a two-way eight-lane tunnel (八车道隧道). According to the China Daily newspaper, 320,000 tons of steel (钢材) will be needed to build the two-way eight-lane tunnel, which will be 6.8 km long and 46 meters wide, making it the largest and widest in the world. The connection is made up of 19 bridges, the longest of which is 10 kilometers. The speed limit on the bridge, when it is completed, will be a speed of 100 km per hour at most.
As an important project in China under the country’s 13th Five-Year Plan (2016—2020), the bridge, once completed, is expected to improve communication in the Greater Bay Area, which covers Hong Kong, Macao and Guangdong. The bridge will also join up the Nansha, Qianhai, Cuiheng and Hengqin areas of the province.
Chen Lei, a doctor now working in Shenzhen, was born and raised in Zhongshan. He couldn’t hide his excitement when talking about the bridge, “It would be much more convenient for me to visit my parents. My friends who run business on local food products are happy with the huge market in Shenzhen and reduced traffic cost. There have also been more Shenzhen-based companies and factories setting up offices, building houses and getting workers in my hometown. I believe the bridge will not only benefit my hometown but also all the connected parts in Guandong.”
1．How much travel time will be saved by the Shenzhen-Zhongshan bridge?
A．30 minutes. B．60 minutes. C．90 minutes. D．120 minutes.
2．How does the writer present the bridge in the second paragraph?
A．By listing examples. B．By giving numbers.
C．By describing pictures. D．By showing differences.
3．What does the third paragraph mainly introduce about the bridge?
A．Its look. B．Its size. C．Its influence. D．Its development.
4．What can we learn from Chen Lei’s words?
A．Local house price will be reduced in Shenzhen.
B．More factories are creating new offices in Shenzhen.
C．More job opportunities will be provided in Zhongshan.
D．Local market of food products will be huge in Zhongshan.
5．Where is the passage probably taken from?
A．A newspaper. B．A storybook. C．A travel diary. D．A science book.
（2022·广东深圳·统考二模）If you have a dog, you probably feel a strong bond (纽带) with it. A recent study found that this bond may not only be important to kids, but also be important to dogs.
Researchers at Oregon State University studied the relationship between kids and dogs. To do the study, they recruited (招募) 30 young people aged 8 to 17, who have dogs to do an experiment. The kids were asked to bring their dogs to an empty room. In the room, a kid was asked to walk around the huge space, sometimes stopping or changing the direction. “And the dog was left to do whatever the dog wanted to do.” says Monique Udell, one of the study’s authors.
But most of the time, the dog didn’t do any of those things. Instead, it stayed close to its owner and moved similarly to its owner. The dogs did this far more often than you would expect them to do it by chance.
What does this mean? Udell explains that this is a dog’s way of building a relationship with a human, “Dogs always stay close to kids, even though adults are usually the ones who feed and care for them. The kid may play a sibling (兄弟姐妹) role in the life of the dog,” Udell says. “This shows that the relationship between kids and dogs is of great importance to the dogs.”
So far, Udell’s team’s study has just focused on dogs. Udell wonders if the animal-human bond is important to other kinds of pets as well. Researchers say that more studies will be done.
6．Why did researchers do the experiment?
A．To have more dogs to do the research. B．To find out the importance of pet dogs.
C．To recruit 30 young people for the study. D．To study the bond between kids and dogs.
7．What did the dogs do in the experiment?
A．They were left from their owners. B．They followed their owners closely.
C．They barked loudly at their owners. D．They gave much help to their owners.
8．What makes a dog stay closer to a kid than to an adult?
A．Its fear of adults. B．Kids’ love for them.
C．The dangers in its life. D．Its wish to have a sibling.
9．What can be learned from the passage about Udell’s team’s study?
A．The study still has a long way to go.
B．The study makes no sense in petting dogs.
C．Kids look after pet dogs better than adults.
D．Other animals also stay closer to kids than adults.
10．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．The strong bond of kids B．The favorite pets of kids
C．The new study of pet dogs D．The situation of pet dogs
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）Many people say that when they use weighted quilts (被子), they have better sleep, lower stress and anxiety, and are more relaxed than using a light one.
But there aren’t many studies to show the benefits of lying under a weighted quilt. Recently, researchers from Uppsala University in Sweden did a study to find out whether using a weighted quilt can actually help sleep.
Twenty-six young, healthy adults took part in the study. In one stage, they were covered with a weighted quilt (weighing about 12% of their body weight) for one hour before bedtime, then they had an eight-hour sleep. Researchers collected their saliva samples (唾液样本) during the pre-sleep hour to record changes in melatonin (褪黑素) and other hormone concentrations (激素浓度). In the next stage, participants (参与者) were covered with a light quilt (2.4% of their body weight) for the night.
They found that when participants laid under a weighted quilt for an hour before bedtime, they showed a 32% increase in salivary melatonin concentration (唾液褪黑素浓度).
Melatonin plays a big role in body’s sleep-wake cycle. The body produces melatonin at night, and there are a few ways to get melatonin from other sources—certain foods (like cherries and milk) or melatonin supplements (补充剂).
While this study is small and just a first step exploring the health benefits of weighted quilts, it does suggest that weighted quilts may help sleep. More related studies will be carried out in the future.
11．What does the underlined word anxiety probably mean?
A．Happiness. B．Concern. C．Excitement. D．Fear.
12．How did researchers measure the changes of melatonin in the study?
A．By recording how long the participants have deep sleep.
B．By asking if the participants sleep well the whole night.
C．By collecting participants’ saliva samples before bedtime.
D．By giving participants medical examination after sleeping.
13．In the study, if the participant’s weight is 60 kg, how heavy will the light quilt be?
A．About 1.5 kg. B．About 3.5 kg. C．About 7.5 kg. D．About 12.5 kg.
14．What can you infer (推断) from paragraph 5?
A．Drinking milk can help people sleep well. B．The body can not produce melatonin itself.
C．Melatonin can hardly influence one’s sleep. D．Melatonin supplements can be used every night.
15．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Better sleep, better health B．Earlier bedtime, better sleep
C．Melatonin: your sleep saver D．Weighted quilts: a better choice
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）Do dragons exist today? Although often mistaken for a mythical（神话的）creature, we actually live among several different types of “dragons.” For example, you may have seen dragonfly flying over a summer garden or read about a Komodo dragon lizard. The ocean has its share of dragons, too.
The blue dragon is a marine（海洋的）snail without a shell. It is commonly known as a blue sea slug（海参）. This particular species of marine snail can swallow a bubble of air（which it holds in its stomach）that enables it to float upside down on the surface of the ocean. The underside of the slug is blue, and it back is a gray color. This helps to conceal it from birds flying overhead and from fish swimming below.
Blue dragons feed on poisonous jellyfish and other similar species. When food is in short supply, they will eat each other. They collect toxins（毒素）from the jellyfish and store it in many finger-like structures. This ability to store poison gives them a much stronger sting（刺）than the jellyfish itself. They use this poison as a defense against enemies. The sting can also be felt by people.
These creatures are rarely visible for study and observation except for when they come close to land during times of onshore winds. They have been seen in Hawaii and in tropical（热带）waters around the world. Beware（当心）of the blue dragon’s sting!
16．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．It gives details about the topic.
B．It introduces the subject.
C．It introduces the author.
D．It gives examples of mythical monsters.
17．What does the underlined word “conceal” in the second paragraph mean?
A．Discover. B．Notice. C．Protect. D．Hide.
18．How does the coloring of the blue sea slug provide protection?
A．It floats right side up so the blue faces down in the water.
B．Its gray coloring makes it look the same as ocean waves.
C．Its blue underside and its gray back help it not be seen from above and below.
D．It gives off blue poison into the water to protect it from enemies.
19．What’s the blue dragon’s main defense against enemies?
A．It floats upside down in the water.
B．It stores poison and stings enemies.
C．It feeds on poisonous jellyfish.
D．It moves to coastal waters during times of onshore winds.
20．Which of the following facts about the animal is true according to the passage?
A．The animal has the word “dragon” as part of its name because it is a mythical creature.
B．We can only see types of “dragons” in oceans.
C．A bubble of water in its stomach enables it to float upside down.
D．The creature are not commonly seen by people for study and observation.
（2023春·广东深圳·九年级校联考阶段练习）“Lives of great men all remind us we can make our lives sublime (令人崇敬的). And, departing (离开), leave behind us footprints on the sand of time.” The lines are from A Psalm of Life (《人生颂》) by US poet Henry Longfellow (1807-1882). Chen Lin, a great educator, read them in a video when he was 96 years old.
The master of English education in China celebrated his 100th birthday in April, 2022. He has devoted his whole life to foreign-language education. In 1950, Chen started teaching at Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU). He was known as the “Professor of Three Ups”. He kept on “standing up” and “speaking up” in his classes. He always stood to teach and spoke loudly. But, when class was over, he would “shut up” at once.
In the 1980s, most teachers in China used the “teacher speaks, students listen” model of English education. But Chen encouraged students to speak more and practice more. He also guided students to master different language skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
In 1999, Chen and his team developed English curriculum standards (课程标准). Before that, English teaching goals from primary school to university were not well-connected. But they changed the situation and made English education like “one package”.
After retirement (退休), Chen continues working. He reads every day. He also writes articles about how to improve English education.
21．Mr Chen read A Psalm of Life in ________.
A．1922 B．2018 C．2022 D．1976
22．“Three ups” refers to the following things except ________.
A．giving up B．shutting up C．standing up D．speaking up
23．What does the underlined word “they” refer to?
A．Lines. B．English curriculum standards. C．Teaching goals. D．English education.
24．What can we learn from this passage?
A．Chen started teaching at BFSU at the age of 38.
B．In the 1980s, few teachers in China used the “teacher speaks, students listen” model of English education.
C．Before 1999, English teaching goals from primary school to university were well-connected.
D．Mr Chen and his team developed English curriculum standards which made English education like “one package”.
25．The purpose of this passage is to introduce ________.
A．the models of English education in China
B．the development of English curriculum standards in China
C．a great educator of English education in China
D．a great US poet and his poems
（2023春·广东深圳·九年级深圳市南山外国语学校校考阶段练习）
Emotions such as fear and anxiety can make the heart beat faster. Now a study in mice has found that the opposite is also true—increasing the heart rate (心率) can raise anxiety levels.
To test the fact directly, Deisseroth with his team turned to a method that uses light to control cell(细胞) activity. The team trained the animals to react quickly to light and expect a shock if they pressed a handle for a water reward. Using the system, the team raised the animals’ heart rates from their normal 660 beats per minute to 900. When their hearts started racing, mice became less willing to press the handle or to explore open areas, showing that they were more anxious. But for animals in other situations, the increased heart rate had no effect, suggesting that the brain and the heart worked together to produce anxiety.
When the researchers measured the animals’ brain activity, they found that brain became more active when the heart rate increased if the animal was acting anxiously. It means that brain is in charge of joining signals from the heart with danger from the environment before they pass on the information to higher thinking areas.
26．What is the result of the study in mice?
A．Fear and anxiety will get the heart faster. B．Raising heart rate leads to anxious behavior.
C．Bad emotions result in faster heart beat. D．Increased heart rate lower anxious level.
27．How did Deisseroth with his team operate the test?
A．By using light to control cell activity. B．By making mice have a shock.
C．By forcing mice to drink some water. D．By teaching them to press a handle.
28．What does the underlined word “suggesting” mean?
A．Introducing. B．Accepting. C．Advising. D．Showing.
29．What can we infer (推断) from the researchers’ finding of Paragraph 3?
A．The animal became less active when the heart rate raised if it was anxious.
B．Brain takes charge of signals from the heart and danger from the environment.
C．The heart-brain circle can help animals deal with danger signals more quickly.
D．Animals’ heart can help pass the information on to their higher thinking areas.
30．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Can Raising a Mouse’s Anxiety Level Help Raise Its Heart Beat?
B．Anxiety Can be Created by the Body, Mouse Heart Study Suggests
C．Emotions Can Make the Heart Beat Faster, A Heart Study Suggests
D．Does Deisseroth With His Team Use Light to Control Animals’ Activity?
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）If you happen to see a foreign man leading a group of teenagers practicing Wushu, or martial arts, in a park or by the seaside in Shenzhen, that might be Duiu Onofrei, who has been teaching Qwan Ki Do (观气道) in the city since 2017.
Onofrei, a Romanian martial arts instructor and volunteer, came to China because he was attracted by Chinese martial arts. Onofrei started to practice martial arts in his teens 34 years ago in Romania. He said he watched a lot of Jackie Chan’s and Bruce Lee’s movies and was interested in their movements. This is the reason why Onofrei started practicing some martial arts moves.
One morning after Onofrei arrived in Shenzhen, he got up early and saw many people practicing Tai Chi at around 6:30 a.m.. Onofrei spent hours watching them and found some movements in Tai Chi are similar to those in Qwan Ki Do. He loves to share his knowledge and experience with Chinese Kung Fu teachers and practitioners. Then he started to regularly teach martial arts for free.
Last year, he organized a Chinese team to attend the seventh Qwan Ki Do martial arts world championship and achieved great results. Onofrei said he dreams to inherit and carry forward (继承和弘扬) the spirit of martial arts, and to encourage more young people to practice martial arts in Shenzhen.
31．How long has Onofrei been teaching Qwan Ki Do in Shenzhen?
A．For 1 year. B．For 3 years. C．For 6 years. D．For 34 years.
32．Why did Onofrei start learning martial arts?
A．Because China is known as the birthplace of martial arts.
B．Because martial arts were popular when he was a teenager.
C．Because he was attracted by martial arts moves in the movies.
D．Because martial arts can help him become stronger and healthier.
33．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．Onofrei teaches Qwan Ki Do to make money.
B．Onofrei gets up early to practice Tai Chi every day.
C．Tai Chi and Qwan Ki Do have something in common.
D．Tai Chi is more interesting and useful than Qwan Ki Do.
34．What is Onofrei’s dream ?
A．To make lots of money as a martial arts teacher. B．To play a role in action movies of Jackie Chan.
C．To be a popular Qwan Ki Do teacher in China. D．To attract more people to practice martial arts.
35．Where can you probably read the passage?
A．In a storybook. B．In a newspaper. C．In a travel magazine. D．In a science book.
（2023春·广东深圳·九年级深圳市福永中学校考阶段练习）According to National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林业和草原局), China will have 75 percent of its wild animals on land under the national key protection system by 2025. Its announcement took place on Sunday, which happened to be the International Day for Biological Diversity (多样性).
The administration said that China has successfully set wild animals into nature reserves after human breeding (繁殖). It said that nine milu deer (麋鹿) recently came into the world in the Daqingshan National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia (内蒙古). They are babies of the milu deer who were set into the wild in September following human breeding in Beijing and Jiangsu province.
According to the administration, human breeding has helped to increase the population of some animal kinds that had before disappeared in the wild, such as milu deer and Przewalski’s horses. There are now around 10,000 milu deer and around 700 Przewalski’s horses. As for other wild populations, the giant panda population has increased from 1,114 in the 1980s to 1,864. The number of wild Asian elephants has increased from about 180 to 300 during the same period.
The administration plans to improve the protection of wild animals—including giant pandas. Siberian tigers, Asian elephants, and snow leopards.
At the same time, the government has made more efforts to punish illegal trading in wildlife, which also helps with the increase of wild animals.
36．How many kinds of wild animals are mentioned in the passage?
A．5. B．6. C．7. D．8.
37．What do we know about milu deer from the passage?
A．75 percent of milu deer are being protected by the nation.
B．Nine milu deer were set into the wild in September.
C．Human breeding plays the biggest part in their population increase.
D．Milu deer once disappeared in the wild.
38．What was the population of wild Asian elephants in the 1980s.
A．About 120. B．About 180.
C．About 700. D．About 1,114.
39．According to the passage, what has China done to protect wild animals?
A．Planting more trees.
B．Controlling human breeding.
C．Preventing illegal selling and buying.
D．Setting a national day for biological diversity.
40．What does the passage mainly want to tell us?
A．Nature reserves B．Animal diversity.
C．Wildlife protection. D．Endangered animals.
（2023春·广东深圳·九年级深圳市福永中学校考一模）For teenagers, success is usually the achievement of a goal or completion of something they really need, such as good grades and the ability to get along well with their classmates. Some schools used to measure (判定) the success of students according to grades, but now they pay special attention to moral (道德的) education and character-building to make sure teenagers achieve success in building human relationships.
Schools give chances to students to discover their hidden ability so that they can achieve success. For example, students who are good at speaking skills are advised to take part in speech competitions, and those interested in dancing are encouraged to perform in front of their classmates. Teenagers also get the pleasure of success when they join their favorite clubs.
Teenagers are often told that success is not easy to achieve and that success lies in hard work. Great efforts have to be put into project work. Teenagers are less likely to do things later than planned because this will lead to mountains of work and will finally make them nervous. Another good quality (品质) is a sense of responsibility which makes them remember that a task has to be completed.
Sticking to moral values is the key to success too. Honest teenagers will win the trust of friends and develop good relationships. Self-motivation (自我激励) is another quality to be developed. Because self-motivated teenagers will have the strong will to finish a task and finally get to enjoy a sense of achievement.
41．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph l refer to (指代)?
A．Their classmates. B．Some schools.
C．Most parents. D．Their children.
42．Why are students given chances to take part in activities?
A．To get good grades B．To improve speaking ability.
C．To express their love for arts D．To get the pleasure of success.
43．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Project work makes teenagers nervous.
B．Good qualities will lead to a happy life.
C．Teenagers are advised to complete tasks in time.
D．Taking responsibility will make work much easier.
44．What is important for making students strong-minded?
A．Honesty. B．Self-motivation
C．Communication. D．Friends’ trust.
45．What can be the best title for the text?
A．The Value of Moral Education
B．The Key to Discovering Hidden Ability
C．The Meaning of Success to Teenagers
D．The Way to Communicate with Others
（2023春·广东深圳·九年级深圳实验学校校考一模）As children patients sometimes require long hospital stays, they often miss school or have little communication with their friends. This can lead to a sense of loneliness. That’s why the global nonprofit organization, TEACH, has appeared.
For the past seven years, students from 15 universities have volunteered in about 30 hospitals worldwide to bring an educational program to sick children, which helps develop their interest in science and nature. And most importantly, they have raised the spirits and improved the confidence of thousands of sick children.
Isaac Snyder, TEACH Executive Director, said that it’s heartwarming to watch the older students help the younger patients with some of the more advanced activities, the program of TEACH makes children experience more than just reading coloring books, watching movies or playing online games. It teaches kids how science can be used for their own illness. Besides inspiring kids to see science in a new light, it help kids understand the diseases that are putting them in the hospital. “It has a great effect on kids. And it can reduce their fears and help them have a positive attitude towards science”. Isaac explained.
Isaac knows TEACH can also inspire volunteers to start a career in medicine. Take Isaac as an example. Though Isaac started out as just a volunteer, he finally studied medicine and made a difference to the lives of children patients. When people asked Isaac what he had seen in the patients’ spirits as those patients joined in the program of TEACH he shared, and they were so happy.
46．What is TEACH?
A．A hospital room. B．A travel program.
C．A medical technology. D．A volunteer organization.
47．What is the greatest achievement of TEACH for children patients?
A．To take care of them scientifically. B．To encourage them to be hopeful.
C．To offer them medical education. D．To help them understand hospitals.
48．Which is the most important in helping children become less afraid of illness?
A．Making friends with them. B．Telling them funny stories.
C．Playing online games with them. D．Giving them knowledge of diseases.
49．Which of the following can best describe TEACH’s program?
A．Easy and relaxing. B．Boring but important.
C．Creative and successful. D．Expensive but worthwhile.
50．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Sick children can have a lot of fun in the hospital.
B．How TEACH has an effect on volunteers’ careers.
C．How to reduce sick children’s loneliness and sadness.
D．TEACH uses an educational program to help sick children.
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了横跨珠江的深中大桥工程项目及其影响。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Expected to open in 2024, the Shenzhen-Zhongshan bridge across the Pearl River will cut travel time between the two cities in South China’s Guangdong province (省) from two hours to about 30 minutes.”可知横跨珠江的深中大桥预计将于2024年开通，将把中国南方广东省两个城市之间的旅行时间从两个小时缩短到约30分钟。因此节省了90分钟。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“According to the China Daily newspaper, 320,000 tons of steel (钢材) will be needed to build the two-way eight-lane tunnel, which will be 6.8 km long and 46 meters wide, making it the largest and widest in the world. ”可知据《中国日报》报道，建造双向八车道隧道将需要32万吨钢材，该隧道长6.8公里，宽46米，是世界上最大和最宽的隧道。作者使用了列数字的方式来介绍这工程。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“once completed, is expected to improve communication in the Greater Bay Area, which covers Hong Kong, Macao and Guangdong. The bridge will also join up the Nansha, Qianhai, Cuiheng and Hengqin areas of the province.”可知一旦建成，预计将改善大湾区的沟通，包括香港，澳门和广东。该桥还将连接该省的南沙、前海、翠横和横琴地区。因此主要介绍了这座大桥的影响。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“There have also been more Shenzhen-based companies and factories setting up offices, building houses and getting workers in my hometown.”可知也有更多的深圳公司和工厂在我的家乡设立办公室，建造房屋和招工。因此会有更多的工作机会在中山。故选C。
5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，主要介绍了深中大桥工程的建造及其影响，很有可能在报纸上读到。故选A。
6．D 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了最近的一项研究发现，人和狗之间的联系可能对狗很重要。
6．细节理解题。根据“Researchers at Oregon State University studied the relationship between kids and dogs.”可知，该实验是为了研究孩子和狗之间的关系。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据“ Instead, it stayed close to its owner and moved similarly to its owner. The dogs did this far more often than you would expect them to do it by chance.”可知，它们会紧紧地跟着主人。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据“Dogs always stay close to kids, even though adults are usually the ones who feed and care for them. The kid may play a sibling (兄弟姐妹) role in the life of the dog”可知，狗总是待在孩子身边，尽管通常是成年人喂养和照顾它们，因为孩子可能在狗的生活中扮演兄弟姐妹的角色。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据“ Udell wonders if the animal-human bond is important to other kinds of pets as well. Researchers say that more studies will be done.”可知，研究人员表示，还要进行更多的研究，所以这项研究还有很长的路要走。故选A。
10．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了关于宠物狗和人之间的联系的研究，C项“关于宠物狗的新研究”适合作最佳标题。故选C。
11．D 12．C 13．A 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文通过研究证明盖厚重的被子更有利于睡眠。
11．词义猜测题。根据“Many people say that when they use weighted quilts (被子), they have better sleep, lower stress and anxiety”可知，会让人们感到更少的压力和焦虑的情绪，所以划线单词与fear同义，故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据“Researchers collected their saliva samples (唾液样本) during the pre-sleep hour to record changes in melatonin”可知，通过收集了他们的唾液样本来记录褪黑素的变化，故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据“In the next stage, participants (参与者) were covered with a light quilt (2.4% of their body weight) for the night.”可知，轻被子占体重的2.4%，如果这个人的体重是60公斤，那么这个被子应该是60×2.4%=1.44 kg，大约是1.5 kg。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据“The body produces melatonin at night, and there are a few ways to get melatonin from other sources—certain foods (like cherries and milk) or melatonin supplements”可知，身体在晚上产生褪黑素，而褪黑素有助于人们睡眠，喝牛奶可以获取褪黑色，由此可推断喝牛奶帮助人们睡得好，故选A。
15．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文通过研究证明盖厚重的被子更有利于睡眠，所以D选项“加重被子：更好的选择”符合本文标题，故选D。
16．B 17．D 18．C 19．B 20．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了海洋里的“蓝龙”。
16．主旨大意题。根据“For example, you may have seen dragonfly flying over a summer garden or read about a Komodo dragon lizard. The ocean has its share of dragons, too”可知，第一段是为了引出下文介绍“蓝龙”，故选B。
17．词义猜测题。根据“The underside of the slug is blue, and it back is a gray color. This helps to conceal it from birds flying overhead and from fish swimming below”可知，底部和背部的颜色是有助于隐藏它，不被从头顶飞过的鸟类和下面游泳的鱼发现，所以划线单词与hide同义，故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据“The underside of the slug is blue, and it back is a gray color. This helps to conceal it from birds flying overhead and from fish swimming below”可知，它的蓝色底部和灰色背部使它从上面和下面都不被看见，故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据“This ability to store poison gives them a much stronger sting（刺）than the jellyfish itself”可知，储存毒药来刺敌人，故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据“This particular species of marine snail can swallow a bubble of air（which it holds in its stomach）that enables it to float upside down on the surface of the ocean”可知，把气泡吞在胃里，使它能够倒立在海面上漂浮，故选C。
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．C
【导语】 本文主要介绍了伟大的教育家陈琳的教育理念。
21．推理判断题。根据“The lines are from A Psalm of Life (《人生颂》) by US poet Henry Longfellow (1807-l882). Chen Lin, a great educator, read them in a video when he was 96 years old.”和“The master of English education in China celebrated his 100th birthday in April, 2022.”可知，2022年陈先生100岁，96岁时（2018年）陈先生阅读了《生命诗篇》。故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据“He was known as the ‘Professor of Three Ups’. He kept on ‘standing up’ and ‘speaking up’ in his classes. He always stood to teach and spoke loudly. But, when class was over, he would ‘shut up’ at once.”可知，他被称为“三高教授”。他在课堂上不断地“站起来”和“大声说出来”。他总是站着上课，大声说话。但是，当下课时，他会立刻“闭嘴”可。所以“三高”不包括放弃。故选A。
23．词句猜测题。根据“In 1999, Chen and his team developed English curriculum standards (课程标准), Before that, English teaching goals from primary school to university were not well-connected.”可知，在此之前，从小学到大学的英语教学目标并不紧密相连。但……改变了现状，使英语教育成为“一个整体”。因此可猜测出，下划线单词的意思应是“英语课程标准”。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据“In 1999, Chen and his team developed English curriculum standards (课程标准), Before that, English teaching goals from primary school to university were not well-connected. But they changed the situation and made English education like ‘one package’.”可知，陈先生和他的团队制定了英语课程标准，使英语教育成为“一个整体”。故选D。
25．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了陈先生和他的团队制定了英语课程标准，使英语教育成为“一个整体”。这篇文章的目的是介绍中国一位伟大的英语教育教育家。故选C。
26．B 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了一项在老鼠心脏上的研究显示——心率加快也会导致焦虑。
26．细节理解题。根据“Now a study in mice has found that the opposite is also true—increasing the heart rate can raise anxiety levels.”可知，心率加快也会导致焦虑，故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据“To test the fact directly, Deisseroth with his team turned to a method that uses light to control cell activity. ”可知，Deisseroth和他的团队采用了一种利用光来控制细胞活动的方法，故选A。
28．词义猜测题。根据“But for animals in other situations, the increased heart rate had no effect, suggesting that the brain and the heart worked together to produce anxiety.”可知，对于其他情况下的动物来说，心率增加没有任何影响，这表明大脑和心脏共同作用产生焦虑。因此“suggesting”意为“showing”，故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据“ It means that brain is in charge of joining signals from the heart with danger from the environment before they pass on the information to higher thinking areas.”可知，大脑负责将来自心脏的信号与来自环境的危险联系起来，然后再将信息传递到更高的思维区域。故选B。
30．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，一项研究显示——心率加快也会导致焦虑，故选B。
31．C 32．C 33．C 34．D 35．B
【导语】本文讲述了来自罗马尼亚的Onofrei是一名武术教练和外籍志愿者，热爱武术的他一直梦想着能够来到中国这一武术的发源地。他希望能够在中国传承和弘扬武术精神，带领深圳更多的年轻人学习和爱上武术。
31．细节理解题。根据“If you happen to see a foreign man leading a group of teenagers practicing Wushu, or martial arts, in a park or by the seaside in Shenzhen, that might be Duiu Onofrei, who has been teaching Qwan Ki Do (观气道) in the city since 2017.”可知，Onofrei自2017年以来就在深圳教观气道，所以距今有6年了。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据“He said he watched a lot of Jackie Chan’s and Bruce Lee’s movies and was interested in their movements. This is the reason why Onofrei started practicing some martial arts moves.”（他说他看了很多成龙和李小龙的电影，对他们的动作很感兴趣。这就是为什么Onofrei开始练习一些武术动作的原因。）可知，因为他被电影里的武术动作吸引了。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据“Onofrei spent hours watching them and found some movements in Tai Chi are similar to those in Qwan Ki Do”可知，太极和观气道有一些共同之处。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据“Onofrei said he dreams to inherit and carry forward (继承和弘扬) the spirit of martial arts, and to encourage more young people to practice martial arts in Shenzhen.”可知，Onofrei的梦想是继承和发扬武术精神，并鼓励更多的年轻人在深圳练习武术。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章讲述了来自罗马尼亚的Onofrei是一名武术教练和外籍志愿者，热爱武术的他一直梦想着能够来到中国这一武术的发源地。他希望能够在中国传承和弘扬武术精神，带领深圳更多的年轻人学习和爱上武术。所以我们可能在报纸上看到。故选B。
36．B 37．D 38．B 39．C 40．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国加大力度对野生动物的保护，通过人工繁殖来增加濒临灭绝的动物，也加大了对野生动物非法交易的惩罚力度。
36．细节理解题。根据“milu deer”、“Przewalski’s horses”、“giant panda”、“Asian elephants”、“Siberian tigers”以及“snow leopards”可知，一共提到了六种野生动物。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据“...human breeding has helped to increase the population of some animal kinds that had before disappeared in the wild, such as milu deer and Przewalski’s horses.”可知，麋鹿曾经在野外消失。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据“...in the 1980s to 1,864. The number of wild Asian elephants has increased from about 180 to 300 over the same period.”可知，在20世纪80年代野生亚洲象的数量约是180。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据“At the same time, the government has made more efforts to punish unlawful trading in wildlife, which also helps with the increase of wild animals.”可知，政府加大了对野生动物非法交易的惩罚力度，这也有助于野生动物的增加。故选C。
40．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了中国通过人工繁殖以及加大对非法买卖的惩罚，来保护野生动物。故选C。
41．B 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了现今老师和学校更加关注道德教育和性格塑造，以确保青少年在建立人际关系方面取得成功，同时介绍了帮助孩子们获得成功的关键是什么。
41．词义猜测题。根据“Some schools used to measure (判定) the success of students according to grades, but now they pay special attention to moral (道德的) education and character-building to make sure teenagers achieve success in building human relationships.”可知，一些学校过去同意大多数家长用成绩来衡量孩子的成功，但现在他们特别重视道德教育和性格塑造，所以they指代前文提到的some schools。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据“Teenagers also get the pleasure of success when they join their favorite clubs.”可知，参加活动是为了获得成功的乐趣。故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据“Another good quality (品质) is a sense of responsibility which makes them remember that a task has to be completed.”可推断，第三段告诉我们：责任感使孩子们记得要按时完成任务。故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据“Self-motivation (自我激励) is another quality to be developed. Because self-motivated teenagers will have the strong will to finish a task and finally get to enjoy a sense of achievement.”可知，自我激励的青少年会有坚强的意志，因此自我激励是培养学生坚强意志的重要因素。故选B。
45．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文围绕“success成功”这一个词展开描述，介绍了成功对于孩子们的意义，以及成功的关键，所以C选项“成功对青少年的意义”为最佳标题。故选C。
46．D 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．D
【导语】本文讲述了一个全球公益组织——TEACH。
46．细节理解题。根据“That’s why the global nonprofit organization, TEACH, has appeared.”可知TEACH是一家非营利志愿组织，故选D。
47．细节理解题。根据“And most importantly, they have raised the spirits and improved the confidence of thousands of sick children.”（最重要的是，他们振奋了成千上万生病儿童的精神，提高了他们的信心。）可知最大的成就是鼓励他们充满希望。故选B。
48．细节理解题。根据“Besides inspiring kids to see science in a new light, it help kids understand the diseases that are putting them in the hospital. ‘It has a great effect on kids. And it can reduce their fears and help them have a positive attitude towards science’ Isaac explained.”（除了鼓励孩子们从新的角度看待科学之外，它还帮助孩子们了解把他们送进医院的疾病。艾萨克解释说：“这对孩子们有很大的影响。它可以减少他们的恐惧，帮助他们对科学有积极的态度。”）可知在帮助孩子们减少对疾病的恐惧方面，给他们疾病知识最重要，故选D。
49．细节理解题。根据“For the past seven years, students from 15 universities have volunteered in about 30 hospitals worldwide to bring an educational program to sick children, which helps develop their interest in science and nature. And most importantly, they have raised the spirits and improved the confidence of thousands of sick children.”（在过去的七年里，来自15所大学的学生在全世界大约30家医院自愿为生病的儿童提供教育项目，这有助于培养他们对科学和自然的兴趣。最重要的是，他们振奋了成千上万生病儿童的精神，提高了他们的信心。）可知TEACH的成就是巨大的，项目非常有创造力，很成功，故选C。
50．最佳标题题。根据“As children patients sometimes require long hospital stays, they often miss school or have little communication with their friends. This can lead to a sense of loneliness. That’s why the global nonprofit organization, TEACH, has appeared.”（由于儿童患者有时需要长时间住院，他们经常缺课或与朋友很少沟通。这会导致孤独感。这就是为什么出现了全球非营利组织TEACH。）可知TEACH使用一个教育计划来帮助生病的孩子符合文章大意，故选D。
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