高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题20+人际关系与社会交往（一）-试卷

这是一份高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题20+人际关系与社会交往（一）-试卷，共9页。
话题二十 人际关系与社会交往（一）第一部分 话题词汇积累单词&短语1._______________vt.钦佩；羡慕；赞美2.________________n.成年人3._______________v.逗笑；逗乐；给……提供消遣4._______________v.争论；辩论5._______________v.打赌；与(某人)以钱打赌5.6._______________v.指责；责怪；归咎于7._______________n.&v.安慰；舒适8._______________n.公司；陪伴；同伴；连队9._______________v.合作；配合；协力10._______________adj.和谐的；融洽的11._______________adj.正式的；规范的12._______________adj.精疲力竭的；耗尽的13._______________v.扩展，扩大，使膨胀14._______________v.解释，说明，讲解  ________________n.解释，说明15._______________n.实验；试验；尝试；实践16._______________n.表达，表情；表现；表示；态度17._______________v.伸开，展开；(使)延伸18._______________n.延伸；扩大；延长期19._______________n.灭绝，绝迹20._______________adj.非凡的，卓越的21._______________adv.极其，非常22._______________v.探测，探索；探讨，探究23._______________n.因素，要素24._______________n.失败；失败的人/事25._______________n.信任，信仰，信念26._______________adj.假的；不正确的；人造的27._______________n.名声，名望，声誉28._______________v.系牢，使固定29._______________n.节日30._______________adj.财政的，金融的31.expedition n._______________32.exit n._______________33.explicit adj._______________34.exploit v._______________35.facial adj._______________36. famine n._______________37.facility n.[常用复数]_______________38.fade v._______________39.faint adj._______________  v._______________40.fake adj._______________  n._______________41.firm n._______________adj._______________  adv._______________42.feedback n._______________43.fertile adj._______________44.fierce adj._______________45.far from satisfactory______________________________46.运动，锻炼______________________________47.at the expense of_______________________________48.教学经验丰富______________________________49.做实验______________________________50.be exposed to______________________________51.照看，注意______________________________52.面对……______________________________53.事实上______________________________54.对……熟悉______________________________55.为……所熟悉______________________________56.在……方面是专家，在……方面技术娴熟______________________________57.帮助某人一个忙______________________________58.赞同，支持______________________________59.be fed up with______________________________60.弄清楚，弄明白；计算出______________________________词汇拓展1.extend v.使伸长；扩大；扩展；延长；使延期；扩大……的范围(或影响)There are plans to_____________the no-smoking area.现已有扩大无烟区的计划。His writing career_____________over a period of 40years.他的写作生涯超过了40年。The service also_____________to wrapping and delivering gifts.服务项目还包括包装和递送礼物。【辨析】 expand和extend的区别extend和expand都是动词，extend本意为stretch out,侧重二维的平面的延伸。而expand可以指三维意义上的膨胀，与contract"收缩"相对。expand侧重于在数量、大小型号、重要性方面的增多、扩展、增强；而extend则侧重于在某物空间(土地)、时间上的延展、更大、更长。2.figure out想出；解决；计算出；弄明白I need to figure out how to get around with this kind of limited range.我必须要在这有限的车程里想出可以四处游玩的好方法。By and by you'll be able to figure out what sort of person he really is.这个人究竟怎么样，你慢慢就品出来了。Let's_____________what is missing and see if there are any fingerprints left behind.我们看下什么丢了，看看盗贼是否留下了指纹。I was trying to _____________what I should have already told you,but I never have.我还在想有什么东西是我早就该告诉你但是我始终没说过的。活学活用一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.This year they have introduced three new products_____________(extend)their range.2.If even one person is_____________(expose)to high levels of radiation,I consider that too much.3.Everyone must be familiar _____________the old favourite among roses,Crystal Palace.4. As a poet,he is a success,but,as a father,he is a_____________(fail).5. This tree is always recognizable by its_____________(extreme)beautiful silvery bark.二、翻译句子1.There has been a decline in enrollment in liberal arts courses in favor of highly specialized training for high paying careers,mostly in business._______________________________________________________________2.他花了好几天才弄明白到底发生了什么。(figure out)_______________________________________________________________3.他谈不上是个优等生。(far from)_______________________________________________________________4.在线上教学部分，我已经有十个月的韩国学生英语教学经验了。(be experienced in)_______________________________________________________________参考答案单词&短语1.admire 2.adult 3.amuse 4.argue 5.bet 6.blame7.comfort 8.company 9.cooperate 10. harmonious11.formal 12.exhausted 13.expand14.explain;explanation 15.experiment 16.expression 17.extend18.extension 19. extinction 20. extraordinary 21. extremely 22.explore 23. factor 24.failure 25.faith26.false 27.fame 28.fasten 29.festival 30.financial31.远征(队),探险(队) 32.n.出口，通道，安全门v.退场，退出 33.清楚的，明确的，直言的 34.开发；开采；利用；剥削 35.面部的 36.饥荒 37.设施，设备；场所，建筑 38.褪色；凋谢；变弱，变暗 39.adj.眩晕的，虚弱的；模糊的，微弱的v.晕倒 40.adj.假的，伪造的n.假货，赝品 41.n.商号，公司adj.坚固的；坚定的adv.稳固地，坚定地 42.反馈意见 43.肥沃的；能结果的 44.凶猛的；猛烈的；激烈的45.远非令人满意的 46.take exercise 47.以……为代价48.be experienced in teaching 49.conduct/do/perform/carry out an experiment 50.暴露于 51.keep an eye on52.in(the)face of53.as a matter of fact/in fact 54. be familiar with 55.be familiar to 56.be(an)expert at/in57.do sb. a favor 58.in favor of 59.对……感到厌烦60.figure out词汇拓展1.extend;extended;extends2.figure out;figure out活学活用一、1.to extend 2.exposed 3.with 4.failure 5.extremely二、1.文科课程的报名人数有所下降，而以商业为主、针对高薪职业的高度专业化培训课程则越来越受欢迎。2.It took him a couple of days to figure out what had happened.3. He is far from(being)an excellent student.4.I am experienced in conducting online classes. I actually had ten months' experience in teaching English to Koreans.  第二部分 话题阅读训练（A）阅读理解A remarkable study from 1976 gives us some insight into how and why relationships with our neighbors can be so good for us. Surprisingly to scientists at that time, results showed that contact with family members — even one's own children — had little impact on feelings of well-being or willpower. Meanwhile, friendships, especially those with neighbors, predicted lower levels of loneliness and worry, higher levels of feelings of usefulness and self-perceived respect within the community.The study suggests that acquaintance and friendship with neighbors are more effective at increasing well-being since they are based on nearness, common interests and lifestyle choices. The neighborhood relationships are also developed voluntarily. Family ties, on the other hand, are often characterized by a sense of responsibility, physical distance, and personal disharmony. Later studies confirm the importance of close friendships for people over 65, highlighting the particular importance of frequent contact.More recent studies show that neighborly support is associated with better well-being for individuals in mid-to-late life. Data regarding neighborly relationships and general well-being from 1,071 adults aged 40-70 from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the US was collected in 1995, and again from the same individuals in 2005.The study found that those who had low contact with neighbors at the time of both samples, as well as those who experienced a reduction in contact with neighbors over the years, experienced downward trends in well-being, as indicated by feelings of sadness, nervousness, restlessness, hopelessness and worthlessness.It is crucial to note here the difference between friendship and neighboring or relationships with neighbors. While friendships are based on common affection, neighboring, at its core is an instrumental relationship that is catalyzed (催化) by nearness. But, it doesn't have to be this way. Where neighbors are also close friends, the potential benefits are clear. While both friendship and neighboring are beneficial to well-being, they are most effective when the types of support and assistance from both coincide(同时发生).1．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 2?A．By analyzing data. B．By giving instructions.C．By making comparisons. D．By following the order of time.2．What determines neighborly relationships according to the text?A．Nearness. B．Responsibility.C．Physical distance. D．A common life goal.3．What can we learn from the text?A．The conflicts between relatives and neighbors are easy to occur.B．The neighborhood relationships are formed under compulsion.C．A close neighbor is better than a brother far off.D．Contact with family members is indifferent.【答案】1．C2．A3．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了邻里关系比家庭成员对人们更有影响力，分析其背后的原因并介绍了一些研究发现。1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The study suggests that acquaintance and friendship with neighbors are more effective at increasing well-being since they are based on nearness, common interests and lifestyle choices. The neighborhood relationships are also developed voluntarily. Family ties, on the other hand, are often characterized by a sense of responsibility, physical distance, and personal disharmony. Later studies confirm the importance of close friendships for people over 65, highlighting the particular importance of frequent connection.(这项研究表明，与邻居的相识和友谊能更有效地增加幸福感，因为它们是建立在距离、共同的兴趣和生活方式选择的基础上的。邻里关系也是自愿发展的。另一方面，家庭关系往往具有责任感、距离和个人不和谐等特征。后来的研究证实了亲密友谊对65岁以上的人的重要性，强调了频繁联系的特别重要性)”可推知，作者主要通过比较邻里关系和家庭关系来展开第二段。故选C项。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study suggests that acquaintance and friendship with neighbors are more effective at increasing well-being since they are based on nearness, common interests and lifestyle choices.(这项研究表明，与邻居的相识和友谊能更有效地增加幸福感，因为它们是建立在距离、共同的兴趣和生活方式选择的基础上的)”可知，是接近度决定了邻里关系。故选A项。3．推理判断题。根据第一段“A study from 1976 tells us how and why relationships with our neighbors can be so good for us. Surprisingly to scientists at that time, results showed that connection with family members-even one's own children—had little influence on feelings of well-being or willpower. Meanwhile, friendships, especially those with neighbors, predicted lower levels of loneliness and worry, higher levels of feelings of usefulness and respect within the community.( 1976年的一项研究告诉我们，与邻居的关系如何以及为什么会对我们如此有益。令当时的科学家惊讶的是，研究结果显示，与家庭成员——甚至是自己的孩子——的联系对幸福感或意志力几乎没有影响。与此同时，友谊，尤其是与邻居的友谊，预示着较低程度的孤独和担忧，较高程度的有用感和社区内的尊重感)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍了邻里关系比家庭成员对人们更有影响力这一现象，并分析其背后的原因，同时介绍了一些研究发现，因此，通过这篇文章我们可以知道，近邻比远亲给我们带来的影响更大，更重要。故选C项。（B）七选五Many people truly want to help a friend who is in pain. But words often fail us at times like these, leaving us stammering (结巴) for the right thing to say. Some people are so afraid to say or do the wrong thing that they choose to do nothing at all.16． There’s no one perfect way to respond or to support someone you care about, but there are some good ground rules.17． You are not supposed to be a central figure when your friend feels sad. You may say you would have done things differently if this unlucky thing had happened to you. Of course, I hope you don’t get the chance to find out. The unhappiness belongs to your friend. So follow their lead.Keep in mind that being with someone who is in pain isn’t easy. Your friend cannot show up for their part of the relationship very well, and you will likely get hurt. Don’t take it personally.18． In fact, one of the best things you can do for a friend in sorrow is to forecast their needs. Don’t say, “Call me if there’s anything I can do,” because your friend will not call. What you should do is to make concrete offers: “I will stop by each morning on my way to work and take your dog for a quick walk.” Then show up and do it.19． Hug your friend, rub their back, and touch their arm. Comfort them with small physical gestures that let them know you care and calm them.Give them hope. Give your friend hope that things will eventually get better.20．A．Show your love.B．Keep your friend at ease.C．Instead, please be tolerant of them.D．Remember to play a supporting role.E. After all, the future will be full of hope.F. Their heart will heal and life will go on.G. hat’s certainly an option, but it’s not often a good one.【答案】16．G17．D18．C19．A20．F【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了安慰伤心的朋友的方法。16.上文讲在面对需要安慰的朋友时，一些人们因担心说错话或做的不合适而选择什么都不做，下文“There’s no one perfect way to respond or to support someone you care about, but there are some good ground rules.(没有一个完美的方式来回应或支持你关心的人，但有一些好的可遵循的基本规则) ”说“有方法，可做”，与上文语意有转折关系。G项“That’s certainly an option, but it’s not often a good one.(这当然是一个选择，但通常不是一个好选择)”中That指代上文“choose to do nothing at all ”，“but it’s not often a good one.”引出下文，该在段中项承上启下。故选G项。17.设空处是段首中心句。由下文“You are not supposed to be a central figure when your friend feels sad.(当你的朋友感到悲伤时，你不应该成为中心人物)”以及段尾句“So follow their lead.(所以跟着他们走 )”可知，全段讲述的是，安慰悲伤的朋友，不要以自我为中心，要以朋友的感受为主。D项“Remember to play a supporting role.(记住扮演配角 )”符合语境。故选D项。18.上文说“Keep in mind that being with someone who is in pain isn’t easy. Your friend cannot show up for their part of the relationship very well, and you will likely get hurt. Don’t take it personally.(记住，和一个痛苦的人在一起并不容易。你的朋友可能不能很好地展示他们的角色，你可能会受到伤害。不要认为这是针对你个人的)”中说到陪伴痛苦的朋友可能受到朋友的伤害，但不要认为是针对你，C 项“Instead, please be tolerant of them.(相反，请包容他们)”讲要包容，意义上与其是顺承关系，且其中代词them指代上文Your friend。故选C项。19.设空处是段首中心句。根据段中内容可知，作者建议用“small physical gestures ”来“let them know you care and calm them.(让他们知道你关心他们，让他们平静下来)”，A 项“Show your love.(表达你的爱)”语意相关，其中Show指的就是文中“Hug your friend, rub their back, and touch their arm”行为。故选A项。20.上文“Give your friend hope that things will eventually get better.(给你的朋友希望，事情最终会好起来)”主要是说给朋友希望，让朋友明白一切最终都会好起来，F项“Their heart will heal and life will go on.(他们的心会自愈，生活也会继续)”与上文是顺承关系，是给朋友希望的结果。故选F项。（C）语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式；Connect Online to meet OfflineIn our information technology society, we often have 36．(many) communications online than offline. For example, just compare the number of people to37．you have sent online messages with that of the people you 38． (meet) in the past two weeks.However, there are now mobile apps which allow you 39．(connect) with strangers online and then meet in person, and I'm not talking about dating apps! Rather, I'm referring to apps, which help to connect people with similar 40． (interest) who live in the same city. To begin with, get online and find a group that interests you. Then, simply join 41． group. As long as you’re in a group with like-minded people, you will be able to enjoy 42． (do) the same activities together. You can do this43． free, although some apps will ask you to pay if you want to create an interest group.There is a wide 44． (vary) of interest groups out there, such as those for hiking, football, photography, board games, poetry, or dog owners. You name it, they've got it! This is 45． (real)a great way to network, meet people if you' re new to a city, or simply to make new friends.【答案】36．more37．whom38．have met39．to connect40．interests41．the42．doing43．for44．variety45．really【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对利用手机软件在线上认识志同道合的朋友，在线下见面的交友方式进行了说明。36．考查比较级。句意：在我们的信息技术社会，我们经常比线下有更多的在线交流。根据“than offline”可知，此处应用比较级。故填more。37．考查定语从句。句意：例如，把你在网上发过信息的人的数量和你在过去两周内认识的人的数量比较一下。在定语从句中缺少介词to的宾语，且先行词为people，关系词在介词to之后，所以应用关系代词whom。故填whom。38．考查现在完成时。句意：例如，把你在网上发过信息的人的数量和你在过去两周内认识的人的数量比较一下。根据“in the past two weeks”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为you，助动词用have。故填have met。39．考查固定搭配和to do不定式。句意：不过，现在有一些手机应用程序可以让你在线联系陌生人，然后见面，而且我说的不是约会应用程序！allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配，应用不定式作宾补。故填to connect。40．考查名词复数。句意：相反，我指的是应用程序，它可以把住在同一城市、有相同兴趣的人联系起来。名词interest意为“兴趣”，为可数名词，此处是指很多人的兴趣，所以应用名词复数。故填interests。41．考查定冠词。句意：然后，简单地加入这个团体。前文“To begin with, get online and find a group that interests you.”（首先，上网找一个你感兴趣的小组。）中已经提到了感兴趣的小组，所以此处是特指，应用定冠词。故填the。42．考查固定搭配和动名词。句意：只要和志趣相投的人在一起，你们就能一起享受同样的活动。enjoy doing意为“享受做某事”，为固定搭配，用动名词作宾语。故填doing。43．考查介词和固定搭配。句意：你可以免费完成这项工作，不过如果你想创建一个兴趣小组，有些应用会要求你付费。for free意为“免费”，为固定搭配。故填for。44．考查名词和固定搭配。句意：有各种各样的兴趣小组，如远足、足球、摄影、棋类游戏、诗歌或狗主人。a variety of意为“各种各样的”，为固定搭配。故填variety。45．考查副词。句意：如果你刚到一个城市，这真的是一个很好的交际方式，可以认识一些人，或者只是结交一些新朋友。修饰be动词应用副词。故填really。