高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题21+人际关系与社会交往（二）-试卷

这是一份高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题21+人际关系与社会交往（二）-试卷，共9页。试卷主要包含了prejudice n，frequently adv，reputatin n，acquaintance n，frictin n，fascinate v，frgetful adj，fence n等内容，欢迎下载使用。
话题二十一 人际关系与社会交往（二）
第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1.prejudice n.____________________
2.frequently adv.____________________
3.reputation n.____________________
4.acquaintance n.____________________
5.friction n.____________________
6.fascinate v.____________________
7.forgetful adj.____________________
8.fence n.____________________
9.flexible adj.____________________
10.fundamental adj.____________________
11.furnished adj.____________________
12.fuel n.____________________
13.fragile adj.____________________
14.fragrant adj.____________________
15.fulfill v.____________________
16.flame n.____________________
17.flash n.____________________
18.fortnight n.____________________
19.foster vt.____________________
20.frame n.____________________
21.fossil n.____________________
22.fist n.____________________
23.folk adj.____________________ n.____________________
24.format n.____________________
25.garage n.____________________
26.float v.____________________
27.____________________v.流动；流淌；流畅
28.____________________adj.冰冷的，结冰的，冷冻的
29.____________________n.自由；摆脱，免除
30.____________________v.预见，预知，预料
31.____________________adj.正式的；正规的；方式上的
32.____________________adv.幸运的，交好运地
33.____________________adj.令人难忘的；难以忘怀的
34.____________________n.外国人；外来人
35.____________________adj.流利的；通畅的
36.____________________vi.逃走；迅速离开
37.____________________v.创立；创办；兴建
38.____________________n.功能，机能；v.起作用；运转
39.____________________adv.而且，此外，再者
40.____________________v.获得，得益；(钟)走快；增加
41.____________________n.一代人(或产品);产生
42.the former...the latter________________________
43.胜任某职位________________________
44.把注意力集中在________________________________________________
45.确定一个日期
46.My advice is as follows________________________
47.________________________愚弄某人
48.喜欢________________________
49.一般来说________________________
50.get... across________________________
51..禁止某人做某事________________________
52.使某人获得自由________________________
53.迫使某人做某事________________________
54.因……原谅某人________________________
55.发财________________________
56.取笑________________________
57.一件家具________________________
58.奥运会________________________
59.进入，踏上________________________
60.gather one's strength_________________________
词汇拓展
1.flexible adj.能适应新情况的；灵活的；可变动的；柔韧的；可弯曲的
He wanted to find a job with flexible working time.
他想求聘一份上班时间自由的工作。
We will carry out a flexible foreign policy.我们将实行灵活的外交政策。
I want flexible people who can adapt to new systems and processes.
我需要可塑性强的人，能够适应新的制度、新的程序。
Her body is very____________because she used to be a ballet dancer.
她的身体非常灵活因为她以前是位芭蕾舞蹈演员。
【联想】 flexibly adv.灵活地；易曲地；柔软地；有弹性地
flexibility n.柔韧性；灵活性；弹性；适应性
inflexible adj.缺乏弹性的；僵化的；固守己见的；死板的；顽固的；不能弯曲的
inflexibility n.刚(硬)性；不可压缩性；不(弯)曲(性);不弯
inflexibly adv.不屈曲地，不屈地
2.generally speaking一般说来
generally speaking是在句中用作插入语的现在分词短语，和in general同义。
____________,American English is different from British English in pronunciation, spelling, expressions and grammar.
一般说来，美式英语和英式英语在发音、拼写、习惯表达和语法方面有所不同。
____________,newspapers follow the American way,but conference reports and schoolbooks use the British spelling.
一般来说，报纸采用美式英语的拼法，而会议报道和教科书则采用英式英语的拼法。
【联想】 常见现在分词短语作插入语：generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from/by...,talking of...,considering等。
Considering his age,he did very well.从年龄考虑，他干得挺不错。
Judging from his look,he is very sick.从他的样子判断，他病得很重。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.By this time she was in her nineties and needed help more and more____________.(frequent),
2.I have told you that this skirt was not fit____________you. You've really a copy cat.
3.This gives the team the support and the____________(flexible)they need to accomplish repeatable results.
4. He had put the whole situation in a nutshell. It may be briefly summed up____________follows.
5. The stream____________(freeze)up;you can see the fish trapped in the ice.
二、翻译句子
1.Price moment to stimulate(刺激)the nerve of the public,rich or poor,for the life of the former,the latter for investment.
__________________________________________________________________
2.A tornado and wildfires fueled by strong winds have caused widespread destruction in the southern United States.
__________________________________________________________________
3.我认为在公共场所禁止吸烟是个好主意。(forbid)
__________________________________________________________________
4.我对体育感兴趣，而我妹妹爱好音乐。(fond)
__________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.偏见 2.频繁地 3.名声；声誉 4.熟人 5.不和，摩擦力 6.使着迷；迷住 7.健忘的 8.篱笆 9.柔韧的；
易弯曲的 10.基本(础)的 11.装配好家具的 12.燃料，燃烧剂 13.易碎的；虚弱的 14.香的；芬芳的
15.履行；实现 16.火焰 17.闪光灯；闪现物；闪现18.十四天；两星期 19.培养；促进；领养 20.框架；结构21.化石；老顽固 22.拳头 23.adj.民间的n.亲属；人们24.设计，安排，样式 25.车库；汽车修理行 26.漂浮；漂流 27.flow 28.frozen 29.freedom 30.foresee31.formal 32. fortunately 33. unforgettable 34. foreigner 35.fluent36.flee 37.found 38.function39.furthermore 40.gain 41.generation42.前者……后者…… 43.be fit for the position 44.fix/focus one's attention on 45.fix a date for 46.我的建议如下 47.make a fool of sb. 48.be fond of 49.generally speaking 50.(使)通过；(使)被理解 51. forbid sb.from doing sth./forbid sb. to do sth. 52.set sb. free53. force sb. to do sth./into doing sth. 54. forgive sb.for... 55.make a fortune 56. make fun of 57.a piece/an article of furniture 58. the Olympic Games 59. set foot in/on 60.尽全力
词汇拓展
1.flexible
2.Generally speaking;Generally speaking
活学活用
一、1.frequently 2.for 3.flexibility 4.as 5.has frozen
二、1.物价时刻刺激着公众的神经，不论贫富，前者为生活，后者为投资。
2.美国南部遭龙卷风和野火袭击，强风使得灾难更加严重，造成了大范围的破坏。
3.I think it a good idea to forbid smoking in public places.
4. I'm interested in sports while my sister is fond of music.




第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）阅读理解
Most of us are already aware of the direct effect we have on our friends and family. But we rarely consider that everything we think, feel, do, or say can spread far beyond the people we know. Conversely(相反地), our friends and family serve as conduits(渠道) for us to be influenced by hundreds or even thousands of other people. In a kind of social chain reaction, we can be deeply affected by events we do not witness that happen to people we do not know. As part of a social network, we go beyond ourselves, for good or ill, and become a part of something much larger.
Our connectedness carries with it fundamental implications(影响) for the way we understand the human condition. Social networks have value precisely because they can help us to achieve what we could not achieve on our own. Yet, social­network effects are not always positive. Depression, obesity, financial panic, and violence also spread. Social networks, it turns out, tend to magnify(放大) whatever they are seeded with.
Partly for this reason, social networks are creative. And what these networks create does not belong to any one individual—it is shared by all those in the network. In this way, a social network is like a commonly owned forest: We all stand to benefit from it, but we also must work together to ensure it remains healthy and productive. While social networks are fundamentally and distinctively human, and can be seen everywhere, they should not be taken for granted.
If you are happier or richer or healthier than others, it may have a lot to do with where you happen to be in the network, even if you cannot recognise your own location. And it may have a lot to do with the overall structure of the network, even if you cannot control that structure at all. And in some cases, the process feeds back to the network itself. A person with many friends may become rich and then attract even more friends. This rich­get­richer dynamic means social networks can dramatically reinforce two different kinds of inequality in our society: situational inequality and positional inequality.
Lawmakers have not yet considered the consequences of positional inequality. Still, understanding the way we are connected is an essential step in creating a more just society and in carrying out public policies affecting everything from public health to the economy. We might be better off vaccinating(接种疫苗) centrally located individuals rather than weak individuals. We might be better off helping interconnected groups of people to avoid criminal behaviour rather than preventing or punishing crimes one at a time.
If we want to understand how society works, we need to fill in the missing links between individuals. We need to understand how interconnections and interactions between people give rise to wholly new aspects of human experience that are not present in the individuals themselves. If we do not understand social networks, we cannot hope to fully understand either ourselves or the world we inhabit.
4．What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A．We can't be easily affected by strangers.
B．We are connected and form a social network.
C．We have negative effects on other social members.
D．We will not make a difference in a specific group.
5．Why is a social network like a commonly owned forest?
A．It remains healthy and productive.
B．It tends to magnify negative things.
C．It is creative and shared by people in the whole society.
D．What it creates can be enjoyed by everyone in the network.
6．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that ________.
A．whether we are richer depends on the number of friends we make
B．the wealth we possess has nothing to do with individual continuous efforts
C．sometimes our success may be largely due to our position in social networks
D．we won't succeed unless we fully control the overall structure of the network
7．What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A．To introduce the characteristics of social networks.
B．To urge people to understand how our society works.
C．To show the significance of understanding social networks.
D．To explain the possible consequences of ignoring social networks.
【答案】4．B5．D6．C7．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人际关系和社会网络的重要性。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句“As part of a social network, we go beyond ourselves, for good or ill, and become a part of something much larger.（作为社交网络的一部分，无论好坏，我们都超越了自己，成为更大事物的一部分。）”可推知，人与人之间是相互联系、相互影响的，形成了一个社会网络。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“And what these networks create does not belong to any one individual—it is shared by all those in the network.（这些网络所创造的东西并不属于任何一个个体，而是由网络中的所有人共享的。）”中的shared by all可知，这种网络创造出来的产品并不属于任何个人，是整个网络里面的人所共享的。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。由第四段第一句“If you are happier or richer or healthier than others, it may have a lot to do with where you happen to be in the network, even if you cannot recognise your own location.（如果你比别人更快乐、更富有或更健康，这可能与你在网络中所处的位置有很大关系，即使你不能识别自己所处的位置。）”中的where you happen to be可知，你的成功与你所处的社交网有很大的关系。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章最后一句“If we do not understand social networks, we cannot hope to fully understand either ourselves or the world we inhabit.（如果我们不了解社交网络，我们就无法完全了解我们自己或者我们所居住的世界。）”可知，作者写作本文主要是为了阐释社会关系网的重要性。故选C项。
（B）完形填空
完形填空（每小题1分，共15分）（2021·山东高三二模）
Of the many interactions I had with my mother years ago, one stands out. I remember the 21 when mom sent me to the main road, about twenty yards away from the farmhouse, to 22 a passing group of seasonal work-seekers home for a 23 . I made a fire and was then to 24 the meal for them.
The thought of cooking in a large three-legged pot in that high heat was sufficient to 25 me. I did not manage to 26 my feelings from my mother, and after the service, she called me to the balcony (阳台), where she 27 sat to attend to her sewing.
Looking straight into my eyes, she said, “Johnson, why were you 28 when I requested you to arrange a meal for those 29 people?” Despite my attempt to deny her 30 , and using the heat ofthe fire as an 31 for my bad behavior, mom said, “A foot has no nose.” It means, “You can’t detect what 32 may lie ahead of you.”
If I had 33 the group of people a meal, it may have happened that, in my 34 some time in the future, I found myself at the mercy of those very individuals. 35 that was not enough to shame me, mom continued, “A person is a person because of another person.”
21．A．period B．occasion C．story D．quarrel
22．A．send B．demand C．invite D．guide
23．A．rest B．chat C．night D．meal
24．A．prepare B．beg C．order D．buy
25．A．satisfy B．attract C．please D．upset
26．A．hide B．express C．defend D．change
27．A．deliberately B．usually C．currently D．secretly
28．A．fearful B．content C．excited D．unhappy
29．A．poor B．brave C．weak D．homeless
30．A．praise B．suggestion C．charge D．encouragement
31．A．opinion B．excuse C．argument D．idea
32．A．fortune B．disaster C．trouble D．deal
33．A．booked B．packed C．offered D．denied
34．A．travels B．1essons C．programs D．struggles
35．A．If B．As if C．Even though D．Before
【答案】21．B22．C23．D24．A25．D26．A27．B28．D29．A30．C31．B32．C33．D
34．A35．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。几年前, 母亲让“我”邀请一群路过此地找工作的人到家吃饭。母亲让“我”认识到：你不知道未来的人生中会遇到什么麻烦, 帮助他人就是帮助自己。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记得有一次，妈妈让我到离农舍大约二十码远的大路上，邀请路过的一群季节性的求职者回家吃饭。A. period时期；B. occasion时机，场合；C. story故事，事情；D. quarrel争吵。根据语境，作者讲述自己的经历，occasion这里指“某次……的时候”，故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得有一次，妈妈让我到离农舍大约二十码远的大路上，邀请路过的一群季节性的求职者回家吃饭。A. send发送，派遣；B. demand要求；C. invite邀请；D. guide。根据下文“I… was then to ______ the meal for them.”,可知，此处是“邀请”一群路过此地找工作的人到家里。故选C。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记得有一次，妈妈让我到离农舍大约二十码远的大路上，邀请路过的一群季节性的求职者回家吃饭。A. rest休息；B. chat闲谈；C. night夜晚；D. meal饭。邀请那些人到家里“吃饭”。下句中 meal 一词有复现。故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我生了火，然后准备给他们做饭。A. prepare准备；B. beg恳求；C. order命令；D. buy买。根据上文“I made a fire”可知，“我”生了火，然后“准备”做饭。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到在那么热的三腿的大锅里煮饭，我就心烦意乱。A. satisfy令人满意；B. attract吸引；C. please讨人喜欢；D. upset使心烦。根据下文妈妈对“我”的劝说可知，“我”此刻为陌生人做饭并不甘心而心烦意乱。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没打算向我的母亲隐瞒我的感受，收拾停当后，她把我叫到阳台上，她通常坐在那里做针线活。A. hide隐瞒；B. express表达；C. defend保卫；D. change改变。根据下文母亲找“我”谈话可判断, “我”没能“掩盖住”自己的情绪。故选A。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我没打算向我的母亲隐瞒我的感受，收拾停当后，她把我叫到阳台上，她通常坐在那里做针线活。A. deliberately故意地；B. usually通常，经常；C. currently目前；D. secretly秘密地。根据语境，阳台是母亲“经常”缝纫的地方。故选B。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她直视着我的眼睛说：“Johnson，当我要求你为那些可怜的人准备一顿饭时，你为什么不高兴呢？”A. fearful害怕的；B. content满意的；C. excited兴奋的；D. unhappy不快乐的。母亲问“我”为什么“不开心”。本空与5题相呼应。故选D。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她直视着我的眼睛说：“Johnson，当我要求你为那些可怜的人准备一顿饭时，你为什么不高兴呢？”A. poor可怜的；B. brave勇敢的；C. weak虚弱的；D. homeless无家可归的。在母亲看来, 那些人是“令人同情的，可怜的”。故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我试图否认她的指责，并极力为我不好的行为找借口，妈妈说：“脚没有鼻子。”A. praise赞扬；B. suggestion建议；C. charge指责；D. encouragement鼓励。根据语境可知，“我”试图否认母亲的“指责”。charge 此处意为“指责”。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我试图否认她的指责，并极力为我的不当行为找借口，妈妈说：“脚没有鼻子。”A. opinion观点；B. excuse借口；C. argument争吵；D. idea想法。根据语境可知，“我”在为自己的不当行为找“借口”。故选B。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的意思是，“你无法察觉将要面临的困难。” A. fortune财富，命运；B. disaster灾难；C. trouble麻烦；D. deal交易。母亲用一句谚语“A foot has no nose. ”想告诉“我”：一个人无法察觉前面会有什么“麻烦”, 所以要懂得帮助别人。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我拒绝给这群人一顿饭吃，那么在未来某时的旅行中，我可能会发现自己会受制于同样的这些人（不得不有求于他们的帮助）。A. booked预订；B. packed挤满；C. offered提供；D. denied拒绝。本句使用了虚拟语气。如果“我”当时“拒绝”给这群人一顿饭, 可能会发生这样的事情, 在未来的某个时候, 在“我”的“旅途”中, “我”发现自己任由这些人摆布。意思是说“我”有麻烦的时候, 别人是不会理睬的。故选D。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我拒绝给这群人一顿饭吃，那么在未来某时的旅行中，我可能会发现自己会受制于同样的这些人（而不得不有求于他们的帮助）。A. travels旅行，旅途；B. lessons经验教训；C. programs程序；D. struggles斗争。解析同上。故选A。
35．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：好像这还不足以让我感到羞愧似的，妈妈接着说：“人之所以为人，是因为有他人的存在。”A. If如果；B. As if好像；C. Even though虽然，即使；D. Before在……之前。根据下文可知，母亲唯恐“我”不明白她的话，“好像” 这还不足以让我感到羞愧似的，并进一步解释说，告诉“我”人与人之间应该互相帮助, 在这个过程中才能体现人的价值。故选B。