高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题04+正确的人生态度和社会责任-试卷

这是一份高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题04+正确的人生态度和社会责任-试卷，共10页。试卷主要包含了mdest adj，negative n，curt n，crash v，cmmitment n等内容，欢迎下载使用。
话题四 正确的人生态度和社会责任
第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1.modest adj.________________ 2.optimistic adj.________________
3.negative n.________________ 4. course n.________________
5.court n.________________ 6.crack v.________________
7.crash v.________________ 8.credit n.________________
9.commitment n.________________ 10.contribution n.________________
11.courageous adj.________________ 12.critical adj.________________
13.criticize v.________________ 14.curious adj.________________
15.desire v.&n.________________ 16.despite prep.________________
17.disappointed adj.________________ 18.distribution n.________________
19.duty n.________________ 20.dynamic adj.________________
21.definitely adv.________________ 22.cruel adj.________________
23.cube n.________________ 24.damp adj.________________
25.decade n.________________ 26.decisive adj.________________
27.decorate v.________________ 28.defend v.________________
29.delicate adj.________________ 30.dentist n.________________
31.________________n.离开；启程；出发
32.________________v.减少；下降；衰退；谢绝
33.________________adj.有创造力的；创造性的
34.________________adj.致命的；非常的，极度的
35.________________n.程度；度数；学位
36.________________n.勇气；胆量
37.________________v.创造；创作；创建；造成
38________________.n.犯罪活动；罪行
39.________________adj.拥挤的；挤满的
40.________________n.好奇心
41.________________n.顾客
42.________________v.辩论；讨论
43.________________v.击败；战胜
44.________________v.宣布；声称；宣称
45.________________n.决定；决议；抉择
46.at the cost of...________________
47.count on/upon________________
48.in demand________________
49.作报告/授课________________
50.报道这次会议________________
51.几天前；前不久________________
52.文化差异________________
53.治愈某人的疾病________________
54.对……好奇________________
55.切掉；切断；使隔绝________________
56.对……造成损害________________
57.随着音乐起舞________________
58.变聋________________
59.to date________________
60.There is no denying that________________
词汇拓展
1.desire n.愿望；欲望；渴望；情欲；向往的人；渴望的事物v.渴望；期望；向往；被(某人)吸引
【搭配】
desire(期望，要求)是及物动词，后接名词作宾语时，无须用任何介词。
顺便说一句，desire若用作名词，其后可以接介词for。
desire(要求)后接that从句时，其谓语通常用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟语气形式。
另外，也可用不定式的复合结构来表示此意。
He________________an immediate answer.他要求立即答复。
He has a strong________________for success.他有强烈的成功欲望。
She_______________to live in the country.她希望住在乡下。
We_______________that she (should) type the letter at once.
=We desire her to type the letter at once.我们要求她马上把信打出来。
2.defend v.防御；保护；保卫；辩解；辩白；防守
Our duty is to_______________the country against its enemies.
我们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人侵犯。
There are ways I can_______________myself against such objections.
我能够用许多办法为自己辩护，驳回这样的反对意见。
【辨析】defend,defence的区别
defend是动词；而defence/defense是名词。
defence表示“保卫”或“防御”,注意其后所用介词：后接入侵者或造成危害者用介词against;
若后接被保护者用介词of；in defence of,意为“保卫……”“为……辩护”。
People used to build strong walls round their towns as a_______________against enemies.
人们从前在城镇四周修筑城墙来抵御敌人。
This fort was once the main_______________of the island.
这座堡垒曾经是这个岛上的主要防御设施。
Hundreds gave their lives in_______________of freedom.
千百人为了自由献出了自己的生命。
defend表示“保卫”,通常为及物动词，其宾语就是被保卫的对象。
表示“保卫……免受或抵抗……”,用介词from,against。
The wall was built to_______________the road from being washed away by the sea.
建这座堤是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。
Our duty is to _______________the country against the enemies.
我们的职责是保卫祖国不受敌人侵袭。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.An experienced public speaker usually begins by arousing the audience's____________(curious).
2.Despite the fact_______________he had been there twice,he failed to find the place.
3.Once the_______________(decide)is reached, he can date and sign the sheet.
4.The old farmer was very sad because the strong winds did a lot of damage_______________his crops.
5.The Great Wall was once used_______________(defend)against military aggression.
二、翻译句子
1.She seemed nervous or tense,and she was definitely short with me.
___________________________________________________________________
2.I know I let you down last week,but you can count on me this time.
___________________________________________________________________
3.These youngsters are motivated not by a desire to achieve,but by fear of failure.
___________________________________________________________________
4.不可否认的是，勇气在我们生活中扮演着重要角色。(denying)
___________________________________________________________________
答案
单词&短语
1. 谦虚的 2.乐观的 3.消极的；否定的；阴性的 4.课程；过程，进程；航线；球场；一道菜
5.法庭；球场；院子6.破裂；裂开 7.撞击：坠毁；崩溃 8.信用；信誉；信贷；学分 9.忠诚，投入；奉献 10.贡献；捐献 11.勇敢的12.批评的 13.批评 14.好奇的 15.渴望 16.尽管；虽
然 17.失望的 18.分配；分布 19.职责；义务 20.动态的；动力的：充满活力的 21.确切地；肯定地 22.残忍的；残酷的 23.立方体；立方形 24.潮湿的；有湿气的25.十年；十年期 26.决定性的；关键的 27.装饰；装修28.防御；保卫；辩护 29.易碎的：脆弱的；精致的；微妙的
30.牙医 31.departure 32.decline 33.creative34.deadly 35.degree 36.courage 37.create 38.crime
39.crowded 40.curiosity 41.customer 42.debate43.defeat 44.declare 45.decision
46.以……为代价 47.依靠；依赖；指望 48.非常需要的：受欢迎的 49.deliver a speech/lecture 50.cover the conference 51.the other day 52.cultural differences53.cure sb. of the disease
54.be curious about...55.cut off 56.do/cause damage to 57.dance to music 58.go/become deaf
59.至今；到目前为止 60.不可否认……
词汇拓展
1.desires;desire;desires:desire
2.defend;defend;defence;defence;defence;defend;defend
活学活用
一、1.curiosity 2.that 3.decision 4.to 5.to defend
二、1.她似乎很焦虑，抑或是很紧张，对我明显很不客气。
2.我知道我上周让你失望了，但是这次你能指望我。
3.激发这些年轻人的不是对成功的渴望，而是对失败的担心。
4.There is no denying that courage is playing a so important role in one's life.

第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）阅读理解
Susan Scott, 71, is glad that she didn't think about her age when she took up bodybuilding at the age of 59.
“I reinvent myself every ten years. I started my 60s as a bodybuilder and now I'm beginning my 70s as a writer,” she said. “People usually limit themselves by age, and it's discouraging. With age, I remain young at heart.”
Dr Susan started bodybuilding at an age when most are considering retirement though she was an athlete from an early age. As a child in Venezuela, she took to gymnastics and later graduated with a physical education degree.
Then she obtained a master's degree in education and later a Ph. D．in Adult Personal Development. She taught at Cambridge Rindge and Latin High School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, for 16 years, while raising two daughters.
“I started bodybuilding when I met Steve Pfiester, a gym guy who practiced yoga. He invited me to his gym and offered to train me. I started in January and in June he took me to my first competition in Bradenton, Florida,” she recalled.
Dr Susan's photos show that she has devoted long hours to taking care of her body. But she also develops her mind and spirit. On any given day, she gets up at 3 am to read books. At 4:30 am she's out to walk three miles and run another three. This is followed by yoga and a swim at the beach while the sun rises. After writing her journal and working on her book between 8 and 10 am, she hits the gym for at least two hours. “I don't lose track of time,” she said.
Dr Susan's war on ageism has rubbed off on her two daughters, both in their early thirties. “They both take care of their bodies and minds. If you give them a good foundation as a parent, you know that they will always come back to their roots. I tried to remind myself of that during their difficult teen years.”
1．What's Dr Susan's opinion on age?
A．Age cannot be hidden. B．Age is a state of mind.
C．Every age has its pains and sorrows. D．Old age is not suitable for further study.
2．What made Dr Susan start bodybuilding?
A．The need of her job. B．Her youthful dream.
C．Steve Pfiester's influence. D．Her daughters' encouragement.
3．Which of the following best describes Dr Susan's morning schedule?
A．Dull. B．Tight.
C．Flexible. D．Controversial.
4．What can be inferred about Dr Susan from the last paragraph?
A．She will set up a fitness foundation. B．She will soon return to retirement.
C．She often thinks of her teenage years. D．She sets an example to her daughters.
【答案】B C B D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。71岁的Susan博士用自己的亲身经历证明：年龄不应该成为老年人追求美好生活的障碍。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中Susan博士说的话“People usually limit themselves by age, and it's discouraging. With age, I remain young at heart.（人们通常会受年龄的限制，这很令人沮丧。随着年龄的增长，我的心仍然年轻。）”可推断，她认为年龄只是一种心境。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段“I started bodybuilding when I met Steve Pfiester, a gym guy who practiced yoga.（当我遇到史蒂夫·菲斯特(Steve Pfiester)时，我开始了健身生涯。）”可知，Susan博士是在Steve Pfiester的影响下开始健身的。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On any given day, she gets up at 3 am to read books. At 4:30 am she's out to walk three miles and run another three. This is followed by yoga and a swim at the beach while the sun rises. After writing her journal and working on her book between 8 and 10 am, she hits the gym for at least two hours.（在任何一天，她都是凌晨3点起床读书。早上4:30，她出去走三英里，再跑三英里。然后是在太阳升起的时候在海滩上做瑜伽和游泳。在早上8点到10点之间写完日记和书之后，她会去健身房锻炼至少两个小时。）”可推断，Susan博士每天上午把时间安排得非常紧凑：读书、健身、写作等都不耽误。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Dr Susan's war on ageism has rubbed off on her two daughters, both in their early thirties.（苏珊博士反对年龄歧视的斗争影响了她的两个女儿，她们都才三十出头。）”和第二句“If you give them a good foundation as a parent, you know that they will always come back to their roots. I tried to remind myself of that during their difficult teen years.（如果你给他们一个作为父母的良好基础，你知道他们总会回到他们的根。在他们艰难的青少年时期，我试图提醒自己这一点。）”可推断，Susan博士为两个女儿树立了良好的榜样。故选D。
（B）完形填空
I was heading towards my favorite CD store when a display in a shop window caught my eye. Upon closer ____21____, I realized the painting was a jigsaw puzzle, and the shop was full of such puzzles. When I stepped inside, I found myself suddenly ____22____ back to my childhood years.
Long ago on long summer days in my hometown, my sisters and I, well before the ____23____ of cellphones and video games, would spend the afternoons ____24____ jigsaw puzzles of colorful waterfalls and other natural ____25____.
Many decades later, as I ____26____ shelf after shelf of puzzles, I wondered: Could fitting them together today be as ____27____ as in bygone years?
Indeed, the two puzzles I purchased were just as fun as those of the past. But I found that I had ____28____ skills over the decades that prepared me to better complete the puzzles now and ____29____ the deep value of this pastime.
I knew I would need an eagle’s eye for different color matches and distinguishing details in the _____30_____ for just the right piece. And when the puzzles seemed extremely _____31_____, I simply took a break, returned refreshed, and _____32_____ found the piece that had long escaped me.
Among the valuable lessons and rewards that these puzzles offer is that _____33_____and willpower are enhanced (提高). But what is most beneficial is how we look for answers or clues, working tirelessly to find the _____34_____ fit. It’s an approach that pays off when meeting any _____35_____ that life presents.
21．A．connection B．inspection C．comparison D．location
22．A．kept B．put C．held D．brought
23．A．appearance B．loss C．growth D．operation
24．A．finding B．watching C．solving D．building
25．A．wonders B．resources C．conditions D．disasters
26．A．checked out B．stormed into C．glanced through D．went after
27．A．demanding B．exciting C．confusing D．shocking
28．A．learned B．ignored C．forgotten D．required
29．A．share B．explain C．predict D．appreciate
30．A．exchange B．preparation C．search D．reward
31．A．strange B．impressive C．flexible D．difficult
32．A．conveniently B．quickly C．intentionally D．frequently
33．A．bravery B．ambition C．patience D．intelligence
34．A．typical B．normal C．important D．perfect
35．A．challenge B．requirement C．surprise D．deadline
【答案】
1．B    2．D    3．A    4．C    5．A    6．C    7．B    8．A    9．D    10．C    11．D    12．B    13．C    14．D    15．A
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了作者发现了一个售卖拼图的商店，这家店里的拼图使作者想起了童年和姐妹们一起拼图的时光。于是，作者又买了两个拼图，试图找回当初的兴奋和激动，但随着时间过去，他早已学会了拼图的技巧，也认识到了其中的人生哲理：耐心，意志力，最重要的还有寻找答案或线索的方式，不知疲倦地寻找完美的契合。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：仔细一看，我意识到这幅画是一幅拼图，而店里到处都是这样的拼图。A. connection联系；B. inspection查看；C. comparison比较；D. location位置。根据前文“in a shop window(在商店橱窗里)”以及后文“I realized…(我意识到……)”可推知，作者是走近仔细看了之后才发现那是一个拼图游戏。故选B项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走进去时，我发现自己突然被带回到了童年时代。A. kept保持；B. put放置；C. held拿着；D. brought带来。根据后文“my sisters and I, well before the ____3____ of cellphones and video games, would spend the afternoons ____4____ jigsaw puzzles of colorful waterfalls…(在手机和电子游戏还没有出现之前，我和姐姐们会花一个下午的时间玩彩色瀑布和其他自然奇观的拼图游戏……)”可知，作者的童年总是会和姐妹们一起玩拼图游戏，因此，这家店里的拼图使作者想到往事，把作者带回了童年。动词短语bring back“使……回忆起来”。故选D项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很久以前，在我家乡漫长的夏日里，在手机和电子游戏还没有出现之前，我和姐姐们会花一个下午的时间解决彩色瀑布和其他自然奇观的拼图游戏。A. appearance出现；B. loss损失；C. growth成长；D. operation操作。根据后文“would spend the afternoons ____4____ jigsaw puzzles of colorful waterfalls and other natural ____5____(会花一个下午的时间解决彩色瀑布和其他自然奇观的拼图游戏)”可知，拼图游戏应该是在手机和电子游戏还没有出现前作者他们主要用来消遣的游戏。故选A项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很久以前，在我家乡漫长的夏日里，在手机和电子游戏还没有出现之前，我和姐姐们会花一个下午的时间解决彩色瀑布和其他自然奇观的拼图游戏。A. finding发现；B. watching观看；C. solving解决；D. building建造。根据后文宾语“jigsaw puzzles”意为“拼图”可知，拼图游戏是有一定难度的，应是动词“solving”。故选C项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很久以前，在我家乡漫长的夏日里，在手机和电子游戏还没有出现之前，我和姐姐们会花一个下午的时间解决彩色瀑布和其他自然奇观的拼图游戏。A. wonders奇观；B. resources资源；C. conditions环境；D. disasters灾难。此处与前文“colorful waterfalls(色彩斑斓的瀑布)”相呼应，这里应是自然奇观。故选A项。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几十年后，当我浏览一书架又一书架的拼图时，我在想：今天把它们拼在一起是否还会像过去那样令人兴奋？A. checked out结账离开；B. stormed into非常气愤地进入；C. glanced through浏览；D. went after追逐。根据后文宾语“shelf after shelf of puzzles”意为“一书架又一书架的拼图”可推知，在这家店里，作者看着如此多的拼图，有了些想法，与“看”有关的短语为C项“glanced through”。故选C项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几十年后，当我浏览一书架又一书架的拼图时，我在想：今天把它们拼在一起是否还会像过去那样令人兴奋？A. demanding要求高的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C. confusing令人困扰的；D. shocking令人震惊的。根据后文“in bygone years”可知，作者将自己现在拼图的感受与童年时期拼图的感受相对比，那时他们可以花一下午的时间拼图，可见那时他们拼图时很兴奋。故选B项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我发现，在过去的几十年里，我学到了一些技能，让我现在能够更好地完成这些拼图，并理解到这项消遣活动的深层价值。A. learned学习；B. ignored忽略；C. forgotten忘记；D. required要求。根据后文“that prepared me to better complete the puzzles now(这让我现在能够更好地完成拼图)”可知，作者的拼图技能由所提高，由此可知，随着时间过去，他已经学会了技能。故选A项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我发现，在过去的几十年里，我学到了一些技能，让我现在能够更好地完成这些拼图，并理解到这项消遣活动的深层价值。A. share分享；B. explain解释；C. predict预测；D. appreciate理解。根据末尾段落内容“Among the valuable lessons and rewards that these puzzles offer…(在这些拼图提供的宝贵经验和奖励中……)”可知，经过几十年之后，作者深知拼图游戏带来的更为深远的价值，即，他深刻理解这个游戏的意义。故选D项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我需要鹰眼来辨别不同的颜色搭配和辨别细节，才能找到合适的那一块。A. exchange交换；B. preparation准备；C. search搜寻；D. reward奖励。固定搭配in the search for“寻找”。故选C项。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这些拼图看起来极其困难的时候，我只是休息一下，精神焕发地回来，很快就找到了我很久以前忘记的那块。A. strange奇怪的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. flexible灵活的；D. difficult困难的。根据后文“I simply took a break, returned refreshed(我只是休息了一下，回来后精神焕发)”可知，作者在拼图时需要休息，重新备战，这说明他在拼图时遇到了困难。故选D项。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当这些拼图看起来极其困难的时候，我只是休息一下，精神焕发地回来，很快就找到了我很久以前忘记的那块。A. conveniently便利地；B. quickly快速地；C. intentionally故意地；D. frequently频繁地。根据前文“I simply took a break, returned refreshed(我只是休息了一下，回来后精神焕发)”可知，作者休息之后，精神焕发，应是很快找到了那一块拼图。故选B项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这些拼图提供的宝贵经验和奖励中，耐心和意志力得到了增强。A. bravery勇气；B. ambition雄心；C. patience耐心；D. intelligence智力。此处与后文的“willpower(意志力)”相呼应，这里应是C项“patience”，拼图需要耐心和意志力。故选C项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但最有益的是我们寻找答案或线索的方式，不知疲倦地寻找完美的契合。A. typical典型的；B. normal正常的；C. important重要的；D. perfect完美的。此处与前文“the right piece(正确的那一块)”相呼应，这里应是“the perfect fit”，意为“完美的契合”。故选D项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种应对生活中任何挑战的方法。A. challenge挑战；B. requirement要求；C. surprise惊喜；D. deadline最后期限。结合语境可知，前文“But what is most beneficial is how we look for answers or clues, working tirelessly to find the ____14____  fit.(但最有益的是我们寻找答案或线索的方式，不知疲倦地寻找完美的契合)”提及的拼图带给作者的最有用的价值也是应对生活挑战的方法。故选A项。