【备战2024年高考】英语 （全国通用版）2023年新高考II卷阅读理解ABCD（真题透析+变式训练）试卷

这是一份【备战2024年高考】英语 （全国通用版）2023年新高考II卷阅读理解ABCD（真题透析+变式训练）试卷，共28页。试卷主要包含了充分利用并列成分，viewpint n，draw v，enhance v，participant n，cmpare 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023年新高考Ⅱ卷阅读理解ABCD 真题透析+变式训练
第一部分
命题分析+秒选技能
第二部分
真题评析(真题呈现+全解全析+阅读高频词+长难句回顾)
第三部分
真题变式练
命题分析
阅读理解文章体裁可以分为：应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文
虽然阅读理解的材料内容千变万化，但考试中的考查方式是有限的，只要能够掌握以下几种主要类型题目的阅读技巧，那么阅读理解拿高分，甚至拿满分就是可以做到的了。
阅读理解题的速选技能，需要结合下面几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题。
近三年高考阅读理解题，细节题占有较大比例，难度一般不大，答案大都可以从文章中直接找到依据；推理判断题呈不断上升的趋势，且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查考生对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加；主旨题的考查占有十分重要的位置，一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题或目的设题，这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等；词义题所要求的词或词组往往是熟词新意，有的是中学课本中没出现过的，仅考查词或短语在该篇短文中的含义；观点态度题也在高考中有所体现。
秒选技能
词汇层面——巧跨生词障碍:
在阅读过程中，对于无关紧要的词汇要学着“跳过去”，比如人名、地名、组织名等。对影响阅读质量、影响解题的关键生词要“猜出来”。
句意层面——巧破长难句型
对于阅读中设题处的长难句要学会分析。分析长难句的核心技法是根据五种基本句式摘出句子主干——主谓(宾)，特别注意：
1.一个句子有且只有一个谓语，如果一个句子有了两个或两个以上的谓语，则必有连词或从句的出现；
2.去除所有修饰成分，包括介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等；
3.充分利用并列成分。
语篇层面——熟悉体裁特点
不同类型的语篇有不同的(命题)特点。考虑语篇，要考虑语篇的体裁、发展线索、框架结构、语篇的立论句等。
解题层面——知晓选项特征
阅读理解正确选项往往通过同义改写、抽象概括、原词复现、正话反说等方式转化而来，而错误选项通常具有张冠李戴、无中生有、偷换概念、正误参半等方式而对考生形成干扰。
（一） 细节理解题
在考查形式上分为两种：细节查找题与细节推理题。
1. 细节查找题：比较简单，只要能看懂文章，从文章中找到问题定位的关键词句，就可以顺利解题。
2. 细节推断题：需要借助同义词转换，概念解析，归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行变换，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别。
（二）推理判断题
这是阅读理解的重难点所在，考查形式也多种多样，除了细节理解，还有结局趋势预测题，文章来源推测题，作者态度观点推测题。
1. 阅读全文，理解文章大意：具体可以参考主旨大意题的解题步骤，切忌主观臆断，常识经验来代替文章内容或观点。
2. 避免误入命题陷阱：第一类陷阱是把第一类陷阱是把原文中的关键词或限定词去掉或用其他词进行替换。比如把张三当李四，把部分当全部，把否定当肯定，把将来发生当成已经发生等。第二类陷阱是在选项中设置一些与问题无关的干扰项。这些干扰项本身可能是文章中的原句，但是与问题无关；或者这些选项内容本身符合常识，但是作者在文中没有提及或者与作者观点不符。
（三）词义猜测题
这种类型的题，主要分为以下三种：
1. 猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义；
2. 对文中的多义词或词组进行定义；
3. 判断某个代词的指代的对象。
这类题型应在精读中应当注意：
1.分析长难句。
2.注意熟词生义，一词多义。
（四）主旨大意题
分为两种：一种是要求归纳标题，另一种是归纳段落大意或者文章中心思想。
1. 注意文章的首句和尾句，以及therefore, thus, but, however, in short这些很可能提示文章主旨的词语。
2. 分段概括大意，逐项排除最终确定答案。需要注意避免出现概括不够，如：以偏概全，过度解读等人为的主观臆断性错误。
真题呈现
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2023年全国新高考Ⅱ卷）A篇阅读理解 应用文
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
21. Which of the four programs begins the earliest?
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
22. What is the short talk at Artist Point about?
A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area.
23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?
A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
全解全析
【篇章解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。
21. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) (在黄石体验野生动物（5月26日至9月2日）)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) (少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6月5日至8月21日）)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。
22. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. (从一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史)”可知，在Artist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。
23. 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. (7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance：在奇滕登停车场的Washburn Trailhead举行)”可知，7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。
阅读高频词
1.backcountry n. 偏远山区;
2.workshop n. 讲习班，讨论会;
3.classic adj. [学术词]经典的，第一流的;
4.viewpoint n. 角度;
5.breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的;
6.draw v. [熟词生义]吸引，使感兴趣;
7.enhance v. [学术词]提高，增强；
8.participant n. [学术词]参与者
9.a variety of 各种各样的;
10.compare ... to ... 将……与……相比
长难句回顾
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail, camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family.
【句意】无论你是在野外徒步旅行，露营，还是只是在路边欣赏公园里令人惊叹的野生动物，这个快速的工作坊都是为你和你的家人准备的。
【解析】本句是whether…or… 引导的状语从句。
（2023年全国新高考Ⅱ卷）B 篇 阅读理解 记叙文
真题呈现
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
全解全析
【篇章解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。
24. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
25. 【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
26. 【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
27. 【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。因此推断B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。
阅读高频词
1.harvest v. [名词动化]收获，收割;
2.tough adj. [熟词生义]艰苦的，棘手的;
3.start v. [熟词生义]发起，创办;
4.develop v. 培养;
5.outnumber v. (在数量上)超过，比……多;
6. literally adv. 真正地,确实地;
7.initially adv. [学术词]最初,起初;
8.dissection n. 解剖,剖析; produce n. (尤指)农产品;
9.occasionally adv. 偶尔，间或; evaluation n. [学术词]评价，评估;
10.distrust v.不相信，怀疑;
11.predictable adj. [学术词]可预见的,可预料的;
12.unidentifiable adj. [学术词]无法辨认的,难以确认的;
13.turn off 使厌烦，使失去兴趣;
14. (be) eager to do sth 渴望做某事;
15.go beyond 超过，超出;
16.have a calming effect on 对……有镇静作用
长难句回顾
Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.
【句意】有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。
【解析】本句是so…that…引导的目的状语从句。
（2023年新高考I卷）C 篇阅读理解 说明文
真题呈现
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
28. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
29. What are the selected artworks about?
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
31. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
全解全析
【篇章解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的一本书--Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers。书中以艺术作品的形式记录了不同时期人们阅读的场景，论述了在通信技术发达的现在，纸质书仍然具有互动性，并没有过时。
28. 【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. (Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
29. 【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
30. 【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
31. 【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
阅读高频词
1.represent v. [熟词生义]展示，描绘
2.emphasize v. 强调;
3.symbolically adv. 象征性地;
4.demonstrate v. 表达，表现;
5. treasured adj. 珍贵的;
6.throwaway adj. 用后丢弃的，一次性使用的;
7.transform v. 使改变;
8.cover n. [熟词生义](书刊的)封面，封皮;
9.outdated adj. 过时的;
10.interactive adj. 相互影响的，相互交流的;
11.consume v. 消费;
12.monitor v. 监视;
13.come into being 出现，存在;
14.go beyond sth. 超过(或超出)某事;
15. (be) absorbed in sth. 被……吸引住，全神贯注于……;
16.deep in thought 陷入沉思;
17.be lost in 陷入……；
18.relate to 理解，认同;
19.in one’s own right 凭借自身的资格;
20.in contrast to 与……对比
长难句回顾
1.The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.
【句意】阅读者的形象是贯穿历史的，早在我们如今熟知的书籍出现之前很久，就已有展现阅读者形象的艺术作品问世。
【解析】句子主干是：The image of the reader appears throughout history。in art ...作状语，made long before books ... came into being作后置定语，修饰art；as we now know them为插入语。
2.More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks -- transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
【句意】最近，由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意丢弃，艺术家们已经将书籍用作艺术品的原材料，将书籍的封面、内页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。
【解析】本句为主从复合句，主句的主干为artists have used them as the raw material for artworks。as引导原因状语从句，主句后的动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
（2023年新高考I卷）D 篇阅读理解 说明文
真题呈现
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
32. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
33. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
34. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
35. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
全解全析
【篇章解读】本文是一篇说明文。随着城市化进程的发展，人们与自然接触的机会越来越少。研究发现，城市中自然场所的存在对居民的健康至关重要，研究人员也正试图创建一种“语言”，帮助人们更好地与自然互动。
32. 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
33. 【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可推断，给游客分类是为了区分不同的游客类别。故选A。
34 【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
35.B推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
阅读高频词
1. balloon v. [名词动化]膨胀，涨大;
2. relatively adv. 相对地，比较而言;
3. submit v. 提交;
4. interaction n. 交流，互动(inter-+ action);
5. submission n. 提交的文件、建议等;
6. category n. 种类，类别;
7. assign v. 分配，分派;
8. emerge v. [学术词]出现，浮现;
9. note v. 指出，特别提到;
10. encounter v. [学术词]偶然遇到;
11. established adj. [学术词]已有的，已确立的;
12. name v. [名词动化]给……取/命名;
13. professional n. [学术词]职业选手，专业人士;
14. generate v. [学术词]创造，生产;
15. phenomenon n. [学术词]现象;
16. feature n. [学术词]特征，特点;
17. enhance v. [学术词]增强;
18. performance n. [熟词生义]业绩，表现
19. focus on 集中于，聚焦于;
20. interact with 与……相处/交流;
长难句回顾
1.They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.
【句意】他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在线提交一份书面总结，描述一下他们在公园里与大自然进行的一次有意义的互动。
【解析】句子主干是：They surveyed several hundred park-goers; asking them ... nature in the park作伴随状语；伴随状语中they had with nature in the park是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词interaction。
2.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.
【句意】为每种自然体验命名可以创造出一个可用的语言，它有助于帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。
【解析】句子主干是：Naming each nature experience creates a usable language；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词language，该定语从句中又包含另一个定语从句that are most satisfying and meaningful to them，修饰先行词activities。
真题变式练
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Passage 1（应用文）
（2023·辽宁沈阳·沈阳二中校考模拟预测）Festivals to Attend in Tennessee This Year
Tin Pan South Songwriter’s Festival
Music fans come from all over the world to experience the songs and stories about their favorite hits straight from the incredibly talented songwriters that penned them,
Over the 5 days, 10 venues host two music shows a night, bringing an experience like no other.
Dates: March 28—April 1
Tickets: To Be Determined
The Homestead Festival
Combining music and meaning, the two-day outdoor affair features award-winning live music as well as masterclass lectures.
Speakers will share their vast experience of learning to be more self-sustaining. You can learn not only how to start learning skills such as growing your own food, building a fire and raising chickens, but also how to grow a life filled with meaning and purpose.
Dates: May 2—May 3
Tickets: Child Admission: $25;
Adult Admission: $ 145
Americanafest
Americanafest brings together legendary artists, fans, and industry professionals for five days of live music shows and Nashville’s most educational music industry forum.
Dates: September 19—September 23
Tickets: Conference+Festival Pass: $249;
Festival Pass ONLY:  $125
Please note: A Conference+Festival Pass allows you access to all events in our schedule. A Festival Pass gets you into all nights of performances.
Hazzard Fest
The event features concerts from some of the top names in country, along with comedy shows, a car show and wrestling matches. Come and meet the original Dukes of Hazzard cast and several other celebrities we all know and love!
Dates: October 6—October 7
Tickets: 2-Day Pass: $50;
Single Day Pass: $ 30
1．What can be learned at the Homestead Festival?
A．Songwriting tricks. B．Live performance tips.
C．Leadership strategies. D．Basic survival skills.
2．How much does it cost per person to have an entire Americanafest experience?
A．$125. B．$145. C．$249. D．$ 374.
3．What do the listed festivals have in common?
A．They cater for families. B．They feature music shows.
C．They take place in springtime. D．They offer professional lectures.
【篇章解读】本文为应用文。文章主要介绍了本年度田纳西州开展的四个节日活动的相关信息。
1．【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据The Homestead Festival部分中“Speakers will share their vast experience of learning to be more self-sustaining. You can learn not only how to start learning skills such as growing your own food, building a fire and raising chickens, but also how to grow a life filled with meaning and purpose.(发言者将分享他们学习如何更加自我维持的丰富经验。你不仅可以学习如何开始学习自己种菜、生火和养鸡等技能，还可以学习如何让生活充满意义和目标)”可知，活动参与者将可以在该活动上学习到基础的生存技能。故选D。
2．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Americanafest部分中“Tickets: Conference+Festival Pass: $249(门票：会议+节日通行证：249美元)”可知，想要完整体验Americanafest活动，需要购买“Conference+Festival”门票，价格为249美元。故选C。
3．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据Tin Pan South Songwriter’s Festival部分中“Over the 5 days, 10 venues host two music shows a night, bringing an experience like no other.(在5天的时间里，10个场馆每晚举办两场音乐表演，带来无与伦比的体验)”；The Homestead Festival部分中“Combining music and meaning, the two-day outdoor affair features award-winning live music as well as masterclass lectures.(结合音乐和意义，为期两天的户外活动包括获奖的现场音乐以及大师班讲座)”；Americanafest部分中“Americanafest brings together legendary artists, fans, and industry professionals for five days of live music shows and Nashville’s most educational music industry forum.(Americanafest汇集了传奇艺术家，粉丝和行业专业人士，为期五天的现场音乐表演和纳什维尔最具教育意义的音乐产业论坛)”以及Hazzard Fest部分中“The event features concerts from some of the top names in country, along with comedy shows, a car show and wrestling matches.(这次活动的特色是一些国内知名人士的音乐会，以及喜剧表演、车展和摔跤比赛)”可知，四个节日活动都包含音乐表演。故选B。
Passage 2 (应用文)
（2023·山西朔州·怀仁市第一中学校校考模拟预测）Westminster Abbey is one of the most famous religious buildings in the world. Here are some of the famous people buried at Westminster Abbey.
Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens, who died in 1870, is buried in Poets’ Corner, the resting place and remembrance location for writers of all kinds.
Dickens is known for many of his works, and A Christmas Carol and A Tale of Two Cities are two of his most widely known works. It was popular opinion among the people and his fellow writers that Dickens should be buried in Westminster Abbey.
Stephen Hawking
Hawking was a scientist, physicist, and author, who died in 2018. Carved onto his stone is a series of rings, surrounding a darker central ellipse (椭圆). The ten characters of Hawking’s equation express his idea that black holes in the universe are not entirely black but send out a glow that would become known as Hawking radiation.
His epitaph (墓志铭) reads, “HERE LIES WHAT WAS MORTAL OF STEPHEN HAWKING”.
Laurence Olivier
Famous actor Laurence Olivier is also buried in Westminster Abbey. Born in 1907, his career began on the stage in England, and he eventually became a film legend until his death in 1989.
It’s well known that he had won Academy Awards, while also being honoured with special Oscars. Olivier’s grave is located in the South Transept in Poets’ Corner of the Abbey, in front of Shakespeare’s memorial.
Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton is considered one of the most important scientists of all time. He was a physicist, mathematician, and astronomer. He formulated the Law of Motion as well as the Law of Universal Gravitation.
Artist William Kent designed Newton’s complex funerary monument, and it was sculpted by Michael Rysbrack.
4．When did the author of A Christmas Carol die?
A．In 1870. B．In 1907. C．In 1989. D．In 2018.
5．What do Charles Dickens and Laurence Olivier have in common?
A．They won Academy Awards. B．They were buried in Poets’ Corner.
C．They were praised by Shakespeare. D．They were famous actors and writers.
6．Whose funerary monument was designed by William Kent?
A．Charles Dickens’s. B．Stephen Hawking’s.
C．Laurence Olivier’s. D．Isaac Newton’s.
【篇章解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四位葬在伦敦威斯敏斯特大教堂的名人。
4．【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据Charles Dickens部分“Charles Dickens, who died in 1870, is buried in Poets’ Corner, the resting place and remembrance location for writers of all kinds.(查尔斯·狄更斯于1870年去世，葬在诗人角，这里是各种作家的安息之地和纪念地)”以及“Dickens is known for many of his works, and A Christmas Carol and A Tale of Two Cities are two of his most widely known works.(狄更斯以其许多作品而闻名，《圣诞颂歌》和《双城记》是他最广为人知的两部作品)”可知，《圣诞颂歌》的作者狄更斯是1870年去世的。故选A。
5．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据Charles Dickens部分“Charles Dickens, who died in 1870, is buried in Poets’ Corner, the resting place and remembrance location for writers of all kinds.(查尔斯·狄更斯于1870年去世，葬在诗人角，这里是各种作家的安息之地和纪念地)”以及Laurence Olivier部分“Olivier’s grave is located in the South Transept in Poets’ Corner of the Abbey, in front of Shakespeare’s memorial.(奥利弗的坟墓位于教堂诗人角的南耳堂，莎士比亚纪念碑前)”可知，两位名人都被葬在诗人角。故选B。
6．【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据Isaac Newton部分“Artist William Kent designed Newton’s complex funerary monument, and it was sculpted by Michael Rysbrack.(艺术家William Kent设计了牛顿复杂的葬礼纪念碑，并且它是由Michael Rysback雕刻的)”可知，艾萨克·牛顿的葬礼纪念碑是由艺术家William Kent设计的。故选D。
Passage 3 (记叙文)
（2023·浙江金华·浙江金华第一中学校联考二模）“Anyone knows single parents who can’t afford to get their child’s hair done for school? I will braid (编辫子) it for free!”Brittany Starks wrote on a Facebook post.
She decided to offer her hair braiding services after a family friend delivered backpacks full of school supplies, clothing and shoes for Cayden and Ceniyah in early August. “At the time, I didn’t have anything for my kids to start school,” said Starks, who is in between homes and staying with her mother. “It meant so much to me.”
The unexpected gift made a big difference to Starks and her children, and it motivated her to pay it forward. Starks, who works two receptionist jobs, also braids hair part-time. “The hair-braiding process involves washing, blow-drying, and finally dividing the hair into small sections and braiding it. It also requires multiple supplies — including combs, brushes, hair jam and additional pieces of hair to weave in. It costs anywhere from $150 to $400 at a salon (美发厅), depending on the style,” Stacks explained. “But it can last for months and is a huge timesaver in the mornings.”
When she wrote the Facebook post, she assumed only a handful of people would reach out,but before she knew it, she had 35 appointments booked. Her Facebook inbox was suddenly full of messages from single parents, whose stories of hardship and financial challenges mirrored her own.
“There’s a huge need for this. I could really relate to a lot of the women who reached out, and it made me realize that what I was doing was really important,” said Stacks. “What got me the most was seeing the kids smile.” Given that there was less than two weeks before the start of school, Starks knew she needed to enlist help.
7．What got Brittany Starks to offer her hair braiding service?
A．A post on Facebook. B．Her friend’s timely help.
C．Her mother’s advice. D．A trip to her kids’ school.
8．What does Starks say about hair braiding?
A．It’s a bit dear. B．It’s time-wasting.
C．It’s an easy job. D．It’s a mother’s duty.
9．How does Starks feel about the response to her Facebook post?
A．Rather disturbing. B．Beyond expectation.
C．Far from satisfactory. D．Very disappointing.
10．What can we infer about Brittany Starks from the text?
A．She is single with one child. B．She is ambitious and arbitrary.
C．She is in need of helping hands. D．She is free from financial worries.
【篇章解读】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了单亲妈妈Brittany Starks伸出援手，为那些支付不起孩子编头发家庭的孩子免费编辫子的故事。
7．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“She decided to offer her hair braiding services after a family friend delivered backpacks full of school supplies, clothing and shoes for Cayden and Ceniyah in early August. “At the time, I didn’t have anything for my kids to start school,” said Starks”（8月初，家里的一个朋友给凯登和塞尼亚送去了装满学习用品、衣服和鞋子的背包，之后她（斯塔克斯）就决定提供编辫子服务。“当时，我没有任何东西供孩子上学，”斯塔克斯说）和第三段“The unexpected gift made a big difference to Starks and her children, and it motivated her to pay it forward.”（这个意想不到的礼物对斯塔克斯和她的孩子们产生了巨大的影响，也激励她把它传递下去。）可知，朋友的及时帮助让Brittany Starks开始她的编辫子服务。故选B项。
8．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段Starks的话“The hair-braiding process involves washing, blow-drying, and finally dividing the hair into small sections and braiding it. It also requires multiple supplies — including combs, brushes, hair jam and additional pieces of hair to weave in. It costs anywhere from$150 to $400 at a salon (美发厅), depending on the style,”（编发过程包括清洗、吹干，最后将头发分成小块编发。它还需要多种用品，包括梳子、刷子、发卡和额外的头发来编织。费用从150美元到400美元沙龙(美发厅)，根据不同的风格）可推知，编辫子并不是简单的事情，还有一点小贵。故选A项。
9．【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“When she wrote the Facebook post, she assumed only a handful of people would reach out, but before she knew it, she had 35 appointments booked.”（当她在Facebook上发帖时，她以为只有少数人会联系她，但在她知道之前，她已经被预约了35次。）及“Her Facebook inbox was suddenly full of messages from single parents”（她的Facebook收件箱突然塞满了来自单亲父母的信息）可知，Starks认为Facebook上的回应出乎意料。故选B项。
10．【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句“There’s a huge need for this.”（这有巨大的需求。）及“Given that there was less than two weeks before the start of school, Starks knew she needed to enlist help.”（考虑到离开学不到两周的时间，斯塔克斯知道她需要寻求帮助。）可推知，Starks需要寻求帮助来进行自己的服务。故选C项。
Passage 4 (记叙文)
（2023·安徽安庆·安庆一中校考三模）Sagarika Sriram was 10 years old when she started reading newspaper stories about a planet in trouble, one of which was about turtles with plastic in their stomachs. Sagarika knew she needed to do something. First, she joined a group which organized cleanup campaigns in her home city, Dubai “The group helped me understand what an individual can do and how I can really make a difference,” she says.
Then Sagarika created Kids for a Better World. It’s a digital platform which has brought together nearly 10,000 youths from all over the world with the goal to create a greener world.
Sagarika is now 16. She’s part of a growing number of young climate activists. “We’re the generation that is going to face the results if the climate crisis is not dealt with,” she says. She believes even individual actions can create a “ripple effect”. Sagarika says this can build momentum and can move things in the right direction.
Kids for a Better World is for people aged 8 to 16. It teaches them about what they can do to reverse climate change. They can grow food, plant trees, collect recyclables and avoid using plastic bags. “This is the information which can help change our future,” Sagarika says.
Dubai is a desert metropolis. Growing up there has made Sagarika very aware of the need for action. Her city faces the risk of rising temperatures and its water supply is shrinking. She believes young people can bring attention to these environmental challenges.
Sagarika is all about small actions, but she has big plans. She’d like to go to college in California. While she’s there, she’ll continue being an activist. She’ll also be running Kids for a Better World. She hopes to inspire others to fight for a greener planet. Others have inspired her. “We’re creating our own system of inspirational change-makers,” she says.
11．Why did the author mention “turtles with plastic in their stomachs” in paragraph 1?
A．To make a comparison B．To give an example.
C．To analyze the problem. D．To introduce the topic.
12．Why did Sagarika created Kids for a Better World?
A．Because she wanted to create a greener world.
B．Because she wanted to bring together nearly1000 youths.
C．Because she wanted to read newspaper stories.
D．Because she wanted to save the turtle.
13．What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us?
A．What can help change our future. B．What people should do at present.
C．What Kids for a Better World does. D．What courses are taught on the platform.
14．Which of the following words can best describe Sagarika?
A．Generous and friendly. B．Brave and smart.
C．Persistent and inspirational. D．Noble-minded and careful.
【篇章解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Sagarika Sriram，这位女孩从10岁起就开始关注气候与环境问题，并在16岁时创立了数字平台Kids for a Better World，呼吁全世界的青少年致力于对抗气候变化。
11．【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Sagarika Sriram was 10 years old when she started reading newspaper stories about a planet in trouble, one of which was about turtles with plastic in their stomachs. Sagarika knew she needed to do something. First, she joined a group which organized cleanup campaigns in her home city, Dubai “The group helped me understand what an individual can do and how I can really make a difference,” she says.(萨加里卡·斯里拉姆(Sagarika Sriram) 10岁时开始在报纸上读到关于一个陷入困境的星球的故事，其中一篇是关于胃里有塑料的海龟的故事。萨加里卡知道她需要做点什么。首先，她加入了一个在她的家乡迪拜组织清洁运动的团体，她说:“这个团体让我明白了一个人可以做什么，以及我如何才能真正发挥作用。”)”可知，作者在第一段提到“胃里有塑料的海龟”，是为了引出主题，由此Sagarika Sriram开始致力于抗气候变化。故选D项。
12．【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Then Sagarika created Kids for a Better World. It’s a digital platform which has brought together nearly 10,000 youths from all over the world with the goal to create a greener world.(然后，萨加里卡创建了“儿童为更美好的世界”。这是一个数字平台，汇集了来自世界各地的近万名年轻人，目标是创造一个更绿色的世界)”可知，萨加里卡建立“儿童为更美好的世界”是为了创造一个更绿色的世界。故选A项。
13．【答案】C
【解析】段落大意题。根据第四段“Kids for a Better World is for people aged 8 to 16. It teaches them about what they can do to reverse climate change. They can grow food, plant trees, collect recyclables and avoid using plastic bags. “This is the information which can help change our future,” Sagarika says.(“儿童为更美好世界”组织面向8至16岁的人。它教会他们可以做些什么来扭转气候变化。他们可以种植食物，种树，收集可回收物品，避免使用塑料袋。“这些信息可以帮助改变我们的未来，”萨加里卡说)”可知，第四段主要告诉我们“儿童为更美好世界”做了什么。故选C项。
14．【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sagarika is all about small actions, but she has big plans. She’d like to go to college in California. While she’s there, she’ll continue being an activist. She’ll also be running Kids for a Better World. She hopes to inspire others to fight for a greener planet. Others have inspired her. “We’re creating our own system of inspirational change-makers,” she says.(Sagarika总是做一些小事，但她有大计划。她想去加州上大学。当她在那里的时候，她会继续做一个积极分子。她还将负责“孩子们的美好世界”。她希望激励其他人为一个更绿色的星球而奋斗。其他人也激励了她。她说:“我们正在创建自己的激励变革者体系。”)”可知，萨加里卡一直在为对抗气候变化采取行动和制定计划，所以是坚持不懈的，以及她想创建自己的激励变革者体系，所以是鼓舞人心的。故选C项。
Passage 5(说明文)
（2023·江西·江西师大附中校考三模）Our brains have an “auto-correct” feature that we use when re-interpreting (重新解释) ambiguous sounds, according to new research. The study sheds light on how the brain uses information gathered after the discovering of an initial sound to aid speech comprehension. The findings point to new ways we use information and context to aid in speech comprehension.
“What a person thinks they hear does not always match the actual signals that reach the ear,” explains lead author Laura Gwilliams. “This is because the brain re-evaluates the interpretation of a speech sound at the moment each following speech sound is heard in order to update interpretations as necessary,” Gwilliams says.
It’s well known that the perception of a speech sound is determined by its surrounding context — in the form of words, sentences and other speech sounds. This plays out in everyday life — when we talk, the actual speech we produce is often ambiguous. For example, when a friend says she has a “dent (凹痕)” in her car, you may hear “tent”. Although this kind of ambiguity happens regularly, we, as listeners, are hardly aware of it. “This is because the brain automatically resolves the ambiguity for us — it picks an interpretation and that’s what we perceive to hear,” explains Gwilliams. “The way the brain does this is by using the surrounding context to narrow down the possibilities of what the speaker may mean.”
In the study, the researchers sought to understand how the brain uses this following information to adjust our perception of what we initially heard. To do this, they conducted a series of experiments in which the subjects listened to isolated syllables and similarly sounding words. Their results produced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds. The brain makes commitments to its “best guess” of how to interpret the signal after about half a second.
15．What is the study mainly about?
A．Why people make unclear sounds. B．How brains understand unclear words.
C．How brains tell apart useful information. D．Why some people process information faster.
16．What does the author want to show by giving the example in paragraph 3?
A．It is normal for people to make unclear sounds.
B．People are more likely to mishear their friends.
C．People can understand others even if they mishear a word.
D．People are likely to mistake a word for something familiar.
17．What do we know about the unclear words in the experiments?
A．They seemed to be useless. B．They were noticed instantly.
C．They led to misunderstanding. D．They stopped us thinking further.
18．What does the underlined part “the signal” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The previous speech sound. B．The similarly sounding word.
C．The unclearly sounding word. D．The following speech sound.
【篇章解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了根据一项新研究，我们的大脑在重新解释模棱两可的声音时会使用一种“自动纠正”功能。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。
15．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Our brains have an “auto-correct” feature that we use when re-interpreting (重新解释) ambiguous sounds, according to new research. The study sheds light on how the brain uses information gathered after the discovering of an initial sound to aid speech comprehension. (根据一项新研究，我们的大脑在重新解释模棱两可的声音时会使用一种“自动纠正”功能。这项研究揭示了大脑是如何利用发现一个初始声音后收集的信息来帮助理解语言的)”可知，这项研究的主要内容是大脑如何理解不清晰的词语。故选B。
16．【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s well known that the perception of a speech sound is determined by its surrounding context — in the form of words, sentences and other speech sounds. This plays out in everyday life — when we talk, the actual speech we produce is often ambiguous. For example, when a friend says she has a “dent (凹痕)” in her car, you may hear “tent”. Although this kind of ambiguity happens regularly, we. as listeners, are hardly aware of it. “This is because the brain automatically resolves the ambiguity for us — it picks an interpretation and that’s what we perceive to hear,” explains Gwilliams. “The way the brain does this is by using the surrounding context to narrow down the possibilities of what the speaker may mean.” (众所周知，对语音的感知是由周围环境决定的——以单词、句子和其他语音的形式。这在日常生活中也会发生——当我们说话的时候，我们实际说的话往往是模棱两可的。例如，当一个朋友说她的车有一个凹痕时，你可能会听到“tent”。虽然这种模棱两可经常发生，但我们。作为听众，我们几乎意识不到这一点。“这是因为大脑自动为我们解决了模糊性——它选择了一种解释，这就是我们所听到的，”Gwilliams解释说。“大脑这样做的方式是利用周围的环境来缩小说话人可能想要表达的可能性。”)”可推知，作者想通过第三段的例子说明即使听错了一个词，人们也能听懂别人说的话。故选C。
17．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Their results produced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds. The brain makes commitments to its “best guess” of how to interpret the signal after about half a second. (他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层(初级听觉皮层)在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的歧义程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释信号)”可知，实验中不清楚的单词很快就被注意到了。故选B。
18．【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Their results produced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds.”可知，他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的模糊程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释发音不清楚的单词。故划线词意思“发音不清楚的单词”。故选C。
Passage 6(说明文)
（2023·河南省直辖县级单位·济源高中统考二模）Around 3,000 school-based health centers operate in more than 30 states all around the U.S. offering primary and preventive care for students who live in medically underserved areas. Starting at the centers that treat flu, asthma, diabetes and other common illnesses, they provide vaccinations (疫苗接种) and screen for dental, vision and hearing problems, and some provide mental health care. These clinics bring services to children who need them most and who have the greatest risk of falling behind in school because their health needs go unmet.
The pandemic was hard on existing school-based health centers, and it’s time for government at all levels, to recognize that all children need accessible and affordable health care. As lawmakers draw up budgets, reallocate (重新分配) funds and begin a new school year, existing clinics should be able to operate without budgetary fears, more dollars should go to school-based clinics, and more community partners should participate financially and physically in efforts to bring health care to the kids who lack it.
Yet most school communities that could desperately use such clinics lack them. In 2021 $5 million was appropriated (拨专款) to support new and expanded services at school-based health centers. That money funded 25 facilities only—yet the program got more than 2,000 applications. And fewer than half of U.S. states currently fund school health centers. Although the clinics can also bill Medicaid (医疗补助制度) and insurance for students who have coverage, they need stable funding for operating expenses, including hiring well-trained staff.
Many existing centers had to close temporarily or permanently during the pandemic for lack of funding. One bright spot is that more than 60 percent of the centers began offering telehealth services, broadening their reach. Getting kids the care they need where they need it has always made sense, and it`s more urgent than ever. The time is right to expand school-based health centers to all underserved students.
19．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The role of school-based clinics. B．The common school-age illnesses.
C．The number of school-based clinics. D．The medical service in underserved areas.
20．What does the author suggest government do in Paragraph 2?
A．Build more primary schools. B．Set up free health care centers.
C．Prevent the pandemic effectively. D．Support in-school clinics financially.
21．What can we infer about the appropriation of $5 million in Paragraph 3 ?
A．It is more than enough. B．It is just a small amount.
C．It serves other purposes. D．It includes training fees.
22．What is the best title for the text?
A．We need more health clinics at schools.
B．Students’ physical and mental health equally matter.
C．The pandemic impacts existing health centers greatly.
D．Schools are committed to helping kids get more health care.
【篇章解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在当前情况下，美国医疗服务不足地区的学校急需要建设学校医疗中心。
19．【答案】A
【解析】段落大意题。根据第一段第一句中的“offering primary and preventive care for students(为学生提供初级和预防性保健)”、第二句中的“they provide vaccinations(疫苗接种) and screen for dental, vision and hearing problems, and some provide mental health care(他们提供疫苗接种和牙科、视力和听力问题筛查，有些还提供心理健康护理)”和第三句中的“These clinics bring services to children(这些诊所向儿童提供服务)”等信息可知，本段主要讲述了学校医疗中心所起的作用。故选A。
20．【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As lawmakers draw up budgets, reallocate (重新分配) funds and begin a new school year, existing clinics should be able to operate without budgetary fears, more dollars should go to school-based clinics, and more community partners should participate financially and physically in efforts to bring health care to the kids who lack it.(随着立法者起草预算，重新分配资金并开始新学年，现有的诊所应该能够在没有预算担忧的情况下运作，更多的钱应该用于学校诊所，更多的社区伙伴应该在经济和物质上参与努力，为缺乏医疗保健的孩子带来医疗保健)”可知，本段建议政府要在财政上支持校内医疗中心。故选D。
21．【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In 2021 $5 million was appropriated (拨专款) to support new and expanded services at school-based health centers. That money funded 25 facilities only—yet the program got more than 2,000 applications. (2021年,拨款500万美元用于支持学校医疗中心的新服务和扩展服务。这笔钱只资助了25个设施，但该项目却收到了2 000多份申请)”可知，500万美元的拨款不足以满足2000多个建立学校医疗中心的申请，由此可知，钱远远不够。故选B。
22．【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍了学校医疗中心的作用，第二、三段介绍了学校医疗中心的现状，最后一段提出呼吁“The time is right to expand school-based health centers to all underserved students.(现在正是将学校医疗中心扩大到所有医疗服务不足的学生的时候)”由此可知，本篇文章旨在强调扩建学校医疗中心的紧迫性。所以A项“我们需要在学校设立更多的健康诊所”为最佳标题。故选A。