北京市丰台区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市丰台区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

丰台区2022~2023学年度第一期期末练习
高三英语
笔试（共三部分100分）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was lucky enough to test into the best high school in the city. But then came my ___1___: Am I good enough? It was a question that ___2___ me through my first month, even as began to settle in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class.
I knew I had to work to ground myself. My earliest strategy involved keeping quiet and trying to ___3___ my new classmates. Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school? All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously. ___4___ wasn’t I as well? Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them? The truth is that I didn’t know. This ___5___ was like a deadly cell that threatened to divide and divide again, unless I could find some way to stop it.
Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be ___6___, and so did my second. Over the course of my first two years, I began to build the same kind of ___7___ I’d had at my previous school. With each little achievement, my doubt ___8___ took leave.
I loved any subject that involved writing and labored through math. I had classmates who were always a step or two ahead of me, whose achievements seemed effortless, but I tried not to let that get to me. I was beginning to understand that if I put in extra hours of studying, I could often ___9___ the gap. I wasn’t a straight-A student, but I was always _____10_____ and I made progress.
1. A. excitement B. satisfaction C. anger D. worry
2. A. freed B. dogged C. warmed D. guided
3. A. observe B. admire C. support D. calm
4. A. Or B. So C. But D. For
5. A. guess B. doubt C. interest D. risk
6. A. excellent B. average C. different D. unique
7. A. responsibility B. friendship C. confidence D. teamwork
8. A. suddenly B. frequently C. accidentally D. slowly
9. A. close B. notice C. locate D. create
10. A. expecting B. trying C. wondering D. suffering
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者转到城里最好的高中之后的适应过程。从刚开始的自我怀疑，取得了小成绩之后，疑虑慢慢消失，找回自信，并坚持一直努力，到最后取得成绩和进步。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随之而来的是我的担忧：我足够好吗？A. excitement兴奋；B. satisfaction满意；C. anger生气；D. worry担忧。根据后文“Am I good enough?(我够好吗？)”可知，作者对自己有所怀疑和担忧。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题在我入学的第一个月里一直困扰着我，即使我已经开始适应，即使我已经习惯了清晨起床，在教学楼之间穿梭上课。A. freed释放；B. dogged(长期)困扰；C. warmed温暖；D. guided带领。根据后文“through my first month(在我的第一个月)”的时间长度可推知，这个问题困扰着作者很长一段时间。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最早的策略是保持安静，尽力观察我的新同学。A. observe观察；B. admire钦佩；C. support支持；D. calm使平静下来。根据后文“Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school?(这些孩子到底是谁?他们在学校是怎么学习的?)”可知，作者观察班里的同学。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我不也是吗？A. Or或者；B. So因此；C. But但是；D. For因为。分析语境可知，前文“All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously.(我只知道他们显然是城里最聪明的孩子)”作者认为新的同学们都很聪明，后文“__4__ wasn’t I as well? (我不也是吗？)”则是对自己的怀疑，前后文之间为转折关系。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种怀疑就像一个致命的细胞，威胁着要分裂再分裂，除非我能找到办法阻止它。A. guess猜测；B. doubt怀疑；C. interest使感兴趣；D. risk冒风险。分析句子可知，“This”指代前文“___4___ wasn’t I as well? Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them?(但我不也是吗？我来到这里不就是因为我和他们一样聪明吗？)”，这是作者初到新的学校和班级时对自己的怀疑。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我的第一轮成绩很优秀，第二轮也是如此。A. excellent极好的；B. average普通的；C. different不同的；D. unique独一无二的。根据“Fortunately(幸运地是)”可推知，作者第一轮的成绩应该很好。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最初的两年里，我开始建立起和在上一所学校时一样的信心。 A. responsibility责任；B. friendship友谊；C. confidence信心；D. teamwork团队合作。根据前文“Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be ___6___ , and so did my second.(幸运的是，我的第一轮成绩很优秀，第二轮也是如此)”可知，作者的成绩保持的很好，这让作者有了信心。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着每一项小小的成就，我的疑虑慢慢消失了。A. suddenly突然；B. frequently频繁地；C. accidentally意外地；D. slowly缓慢地。根据前文“With each little achievement(每一个小小的成就)”可知，随着每取得一点成绩，作者的自我怀疑就消失了，与“little”相呼应，这里应是“slowly”，表达“慢慢地消失”。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白，如果我多花几个小时学习，我经常可以缩小这种差距。A. close缩小；B. notice注意；C. locate位于；D. create创造。分析语境可知，“the gap(差距)”应是指前文“always a step or two ahead of me”提及的与成绩好的同学之间的差距，作者认为通过努力，可以缩小这种差距。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个优等生，但我一直在努力，而且我取得了进步。A. expecting期待；B. trying努力；C. wondering想知道；D. suffering遭受。根据后文“I made progress(我取得了进步)”可知，作者取得了进步是因为付出了努力。故选B项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Gary is a children’s book author. He first became ____11____ (interest) in cartoon art when he was a child. He enjoyed writing stories about his characters and sharing ____12____ (they) with others. However, he was quite disappointed when the adults praised his cartoon works just out of politeness. ____13____ (improve) this awkward situation, Gary started writing funny stories. He ____14____ (know) even polite adults could not pretend a laugh.
【答案】11. interested
12. them 13. To improve
14. knew
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加里是一名儿童图书作家，他喜欢写关于他笔下人物的故事，并与他人分享。但是，有时候人们却是处于礼貌对其作品进行称赞，于是，他开始写一些真正有趣的故事以改变这种尴尬的局面。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他第一次对漫画艺术产生兴趣是在他还是个孩子的时候。分析可知，所填词在句中作表语，应是形容词，结合主语为“He”，表人物，应是-ed结尾的形容词“interested”，“become interested in”，“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。
【12题详解】
考查人称代词宾格。句意：他喜欢写关于他笔下人物的故事，并与他人分享。分析可知，所填词在句中作宾语，应是用人称代词宾格形式。故填them。
【13题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：为了改善这种尴尬的局面，加里开始写一些有趣的故事。分析可知，所填词在句中作目的状语，用动词不定式。故填To improve。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：他知道即使是有礼貌的成年人也不会假装笑。分析可知，所填词在句中作谓语动词，结合前文语境可知用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填knew。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Saving nature is at the very heart of what we do as WWF. We protect wildlife ____15____ many reasons. It is a source of inspiration. It boosts a sense of wonder. It is fundamental to the balance of nature. In our work, WWF focuses on saving populations of the most ____16____ (importance) species in the wild. Finally, by protecting species, we save this beautiful and irreplaceable planet ____17____ is called home.
【答案】15. for
16. important
17. which##that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。拯救自然是世界自然基金会的核心，文章介绍了其工作内容和重要性。
【15题详解】
考查介词。句意：我们保护野生动物有很多原因。根据后文“It is a source of inspiration. It boosts a sense of wonder. It is fundamental to the balance of nature.(这是灵感的来源。它增强了一种惊奇感。这是自然平衡的基础。)”可知，此处是指我们保护野生动物有很多原因，所以应用介词for表示“因为”。故填for。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在我们的工作中，世界自然基金会致力于拯救野生动物中最重要的物种。修饰名词species应用形容词important表示“重要的”作定语。故填important。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最后，通过保护物种，我们拯救了这个被称为家园的美丽而不可替代的星球。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为planet ，所以应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Schloss and her partner set out to find out ____18____ people like certain colors more than others. Their studies suggest that color preference ____19____ (cause) by how someone feels about objects of that color. For example, people often like blue ____20____ it reminds them of clear skies and clean water. On the other hand, people tend to shy away from brown because they are reminded of the food that has gone bad.
【答案】18. why

19. is caused
20. because
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明人们会偏爱某些颜色，并介绍了这种现象产生的原因。
【18题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：施洛斯和她的搭档着手研究为什么人们更喜欢某些颜色。根据下文内容可知，下文解释的是人们为什么对颜色有偏好的原因。故填why。
【19题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：他们的研究表明，颜色偏好是由某人对这种颜色的物体的感觉造成的。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；color preference和cause之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，preference为不可数名词。故填is caused。
【20题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意：例如，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水。根据句意可知，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水，应用because引导从句，意为“因为”。故填because。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Explore your world — Mirthy
Online events to help you discover, learn and connect
Who is Mirthy?
Mirthy is one of the most popular websites for online events and already loved and trusted by more than 45,000 people. It was designed to create an inclusive community where people can learn share and connect with others through a variety of events that are active, sociable, and uplifting. It’s all about fulfilment and wellbeing.
There are some online events each month to try, from craft workshops (手工工坊) to fitness sessions. For example, according to our event calendar, this week you can attend gardening classes and singing lessons. So whether you have a desire to get fitter or to pick up a new skill — signing up for classes and events with Mirthy could be just what you have been looking for.
How does it work?
Sign up via the online registration form at Mirthy.com. Then you can take a look through the calendar of upcoming events and see what takes your fancy.
Once you register for an event you will then receive a link on email ready for you to join the live event. If your plans change and you can’t make it, you will receive a link for a 7-day replay that you can watch at a time that is convenient for you!
Best of all, it’s completely FREE to join
Join Mirthy for free today and you can enjoy any 4 events every month, for free! If you’re up for more, then you can either select and book additional events on a pay-as-you-go basis, normally for £2.99 each, or you can upgrade to the Premium membership giving you full free access to all events for only £4.99 per month.
If you choose to go for the Premium membership, there’s no contract. You simply upgrade your membership and you can cancel anytime.
21. What can people do at Mirthy this week?
A. Make art crafts. B. Talk about fitness experience.
C. Learn songs. D. Study wild plants and animals.
22. Which of the following is true about Mirthy?
A. People can sign up for the events online.
B. The events can be watched again at any time.
C. People can upgrade their membership for free.
D. No more than 4 events are offered each month.
23. What’s the main purpose of this passage?
A. To share a lifestyle. B. To recommend a website.
C. To introduce online events. D. To explain a registration process.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任。文章对这个网站进行了推广和宣传。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“For example, according to our event calendar, this week you can attend gardening classes and singing lessons. (例如，根据我们的活动日历，本周你可以参加园艺课和歌唱课。)”可知，本周人们可以在Mirthy学习歌曲。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Sign up via the online registration form at Mirthy.com. (通过Mirthy.com的在线注册表注册。)”可知，人们可以在线报名参加Mirthy的活动，所以选项A正确。故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据标题“Explore your world — Mirthy (探索你的世界——Mirthy)”和第一段第一句“Mirthy is one of the most popular websites for online events and already loved and trusted by more than 45,000 people. (Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一个网站。故选B。
B
It was a week after my mom had passed away and I didn’t know how to go on with life. So when I received an email from a friend about a race benefiting cancer research, I ignored it. It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me.
But something about my friend’s words—“I can help organize the whole thing”—stuck with me. I felt obliged（有义务的）to agree. In the weeks to come, I managed to re-enter the world of the living. I checked our team’s website daily, feeling proud each time a donation ticked up our total. I knew my mom would have wanted it that way. She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by.
When the race ended, I noticed the runners all had one thing in common: There were big smiles on their faces. They made it look so rewarding and effortless. I wanted in.
So I enrolled in another race two months later. Considering I could barely run a mile, it was ambitious. But my friend and I made a training plan so I wouldn’t come in last. I followed it religiously and didn’t let anything get in my way.
Running up and down the city’s hills, I was flooded with memories. I had lived there after college and my mother had visited often. I passed Bloomingdale’s, recalling the time she and I had gotten into a screaming argument there.
I was about to beat myself up when I remembered what Mom had said after her diagnosis of cancer. “I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.” Her paper-thin hands had held me tightly. A weight lifted from my shoulders.
When the race day arrived, I gave it my all for my mom and for all she had taught me and continued to teach me. As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on.
Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace.
24. Why did the author ignore the email in the beginning?
A. She felt it hard to finish the race.
B. She had no time to join in the event.
C. She thought the research meaningless.
D. She was reminded of her mother’s death.
25. What mainly helped the author recover from her mom’s death?
A. The company of her friends. B. The inspiration from her mom.
C. The pleasure in going for a run. D. The success in organizing an event.
26. Which of the words can best describe the author’s mom?
A. Considerate and polite. B. Brave and humorous.
C. Strong-willed and caring. D. Outgoing and patient.
27. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. How I Got Healed in Running B. The Loss of Sweet Memories
C. What Matters Most in Running D. The Rewards of Great Friendship
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者母亲去世之后，作者对母亲的回忆及母亲赐予作者的力量，使他能够从悲伤中走出来，积极面对生活。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me.”（这件事似乎刺痛了我的心，正是癌症夺去了我母亲的生命。）可知这个比赛使作者想起了因癌症过世的母亲。故选D项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by.”（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。正是这种精神帮助我度过那段艰难的时期。）可知，母亲永不言败的精神支撑作者从悲伤中恢复。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第六句“She was the type who never got defeated. ”（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。）可知作者的母亲意志力坚强，并结合第六段第二句“I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.”（我不希望你对任何事情感到内疚。）说明母亲关心爱护作者。所以作者母亲是一个意志坚强，又体贴的人。故选C项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第二句“As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on. Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace.”（在赛跑的时候，每当我想慢下来的时候，就会看到母亲鼓励我的画面。通过终点线时，我内心充满了她的关爱和一种平和感。）并结合上文作者对母亲的回忆，可知母亲治愈了作者，正是母亲的鼓励，他才能完成比赛。故选A项。
C
Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉)and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah(草原).
Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave.
Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate(深思熟虑)over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.
However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes, the temptation(诱惑)to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one.
When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time.
28. What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Accurate. B. Creative. C. Controllable. D. Obvious.
29. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking.
B. Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency.
C. Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run.
D. Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions.
30. What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?
A. To explain how instinct works.
B. To compare instinct and slow thinking.
C. To highlight the value of instinct in the workplace.
D. To illustrate the development of different thinking patterns.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。
28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第一句“Instinct can also be improved.”（直觉能够被改善。）及最后一句“The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.”（你变得越熟练，直觉越准确。）说明随着熟练度的提高，直觉也会越来越准确。故“unerring”应是“无偏差的，精确的”意思。故选A项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句第五句“Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. ”（直觉能够帮助你决定哪些邮件需要回复，哪些需要删除，哪些不用打开。快速思考也对整个组织有益。）可知快速思考可以提高工作效率，避免在不重要的事情上浪费时间。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉 )and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah (草原)”.（什么时候应该相信你的直觉及什么时候应该缓慢思考的问题在办公室和在大草原上一样重要。）可知，在工作场所，直觉也是很重要的。结合最后一段第一句“When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. ”（什么时候在工作场所使用直觉取决于其自身的识别模式。）可知要具体分析在工作场所使用直觉的情况。联系全文内容可知，本文主要强调了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。故选C项。


D
It all started when I typed a perfectly reasonable prompt (提示词) into one of several apps on the market that can create an image based on text. “Skull space laser dinosaur starship explosion,” I wrote. The app processed for a few seconds, and returned four images, one of which was strangely accurate: a dinosaur-looking skull screamed out of an empty space, trailing fire. It looked like an illustration from the art magazine, and perhaps art from the magazine influenced its creation.
Text-to-image AIs identify images by looking at the text that people have used to describe those pictures online. When the app got my prompt, it studied images that random people had described as “dinosaur” or laser and soon then used what is called a diffusion model (扩散模型) to add a bunch of random chaos to those pictures. Once they were suitably completed, it “upscaled” them, removing noise and sharpening focus. Its work is so good that an artist using it recently won first place for digital images at the Colorado State Fair.
But there are major ethical (道德的) issues raised by the success of such AIs. The biggest has to do with those training data sets. Reporters recently discovered that the data set used by Text-to-image AIs contained images of violence. Some companies are working on ways to prevent the public from seeing images based on offensive and illegal pictures in the data set. A representative of the companies also noted that the images in its data set are “already available in the public internet on publicly available websites”.
But even if this problem is fixed there is still the question of all the other pictures online that are being transformed into AI-generated masterpieces. As many artists have pointed out, their works are being used without payment. The image-generating algorithm (算法) creates illustrations and even movies by using data sets stocked with art stolen from artists who post their works online.
Some AI researchers argue that their algorithms aren’t stealing from artists so much as learning from them just as human artists learn from each other. But a more ethical approach would be for companies to acknowledge their debt to artists and create a model of voluntary collective licensing, much like what radio stations first did in radio’s early days. Back then, musicians created groups like BMI to collectively license their music to radio stations — then BMI would pay artists based on how often their songs were played. Perhaps artists and art institutions today could form a “collecting society” that would allow companies to license their artwork for data sets.
To create ethical AI systems, we need to acknowledge the people whose work makes those systems so magical. We can’t simply snarf up every image online — we need humans to manage those data sets and we need to pay them to do it.
31. What can we learn about Text-to-image AIs from the first two paragraphs?
A. They are developed to process pictures.
B. They are used to describe online pictures.
C. They use a diffusion model to combine pictures.
D. They create their works based on online pictures.
32. One of the issues raised by the success of Text-to-image AIs is ______.
A. the influence upon art creation. B. the availability of online pictures.
C. the neglect of the artists’ copyright. D. the prospect of artists being replaced.
33. Why did the author mention BMI in Paragraph 5?
A. To introduce the role that BMI played in AI history.
B. To present a way to regulate the use of online pictures.
C. To prove the necessity of licensing music to radio stations.
D. To demonstrate the urgency of forming a collecting society.
34 What can we infer from the passage?
A. It is not practical to improve the image-generating algorithm.
B. The function of Text-to-image AIs shouldn’t be underestimated.
C Human efforts should be valued in the application of Text-to-image AIs.
D. Companies should be held responsible for the illegal pictures on public websites.
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文本到图像AI可以基于文本创建图像，但也由此带来了许多道德问题，文章对这些问题的解决提出了方法和建议。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“It all started when I typed a perfectly reasonable prompt (提示词) into one of several apps on the market that can create an image based on text. (这一切都是从我在市面上几个可以基于文本创建图像的应用程序之一中键入一个非常合理的提示开始的。)”和第二段前两句“Text-to-image AIs identify images by looking at the text that people have used to describe those pictures online. When the app got my prompt, it studied images that random people had described as “dinosaur” or laser and soon then used what is called a diffusion model (扩散模型) to add a bunch of random chaos to those pictures. (文本到图像AI通过查看人们用来在线描述这些图片的文本来识别图像。当应用程序收到我的提示时，它研究了随机人描述为“恐龙”或激光的图像，然后很快使用所谓的扩散模型为这些图像添加了一堆随机的混乱。)”可知，文本到图像AI根据在线图片创作作品。故选D。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“As many artists have pointed out, their works are being used without payment.(正如许多艺术家所指出的，他们的作品被免费使用。)”可知，文本到图像AI的成功带来的问题之一是对艺术家版权的忽视。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Perhaps artists and art institutions today could form a “collecting society” that would allow companies to license their artwork for data sets. (也许今天的艺术家和艺术机构可以组建一个“收藏协会”，允许公司对其艺术品进行数据集许可。)”可知，作者在第5段中提到BMI是为了提出一种规范网络图片使用的方法。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“To create ethical AI systems, we need to acknowledge the people whose work makes those systems so magical. We can’t simply snarf up every image online — we need humans to manage those data sets and we need to pay them to do it. (为了创造合乎道德的人工智能系统，我们需要承认那些让这些系统如此神奇的人。我们不能简单地在网上抓取每一张图片，我们需要人类来管理这些数据集，我们需要支付他们的费用。)”可知，在文本到图像AI的运用中，应重视人类的努力。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem(自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.
____35____ “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study.
____36____ Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others?
Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. ____37____ This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.
Unlike a conscience(良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. ____38____ It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.”
One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. ____39____ We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.
A. However, the work doesn’t stop there.
B. People may lower the value of their own kind comments.
C. We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.
D. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden.
E. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.
F. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.
G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. C 38. F 39. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了善良在一个人的幸福中起着重要作用时，这听起来并不是一个大惊喜。然而令人惊讶的却是，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。这是因为一种“内心批判”在促使人们贬低自己对他人产生的价值。要摒弃掉自我内心批判，同时看到对他人的积极影响，能够做到这一点的程度将有助于决定我们自己的幸福以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。
【35题详解】
设空句为该段主旨句，后文内容时对其具体的解释。根据后文“‘From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,’ states a study.(一项研究称：“从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物，那些表现出善意的人总是低估了接受者的积极感受，认为他们的行为没有接受者想象的那么有价值。”)”可知，该部分强调表现善意的人低估了自己的行为对他人的影响。选项G“Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.(然而，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。)”在句意上贴合该段主旨，“even the smallest of kind acts(甚至是最小的善举)”对应后文的“From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab(从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物)”。故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据后文“Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others?(然而，为什么我们认为某人会从善意行为中感受到的与他们的真实感受之间存在差异？为什么我们低估了我们对他人的影响？)”提出了一系列的疑问并结合上文内容可推知，设空句应是一个结论句，且上文内容有关，应包含关键词“underestimate(低估，看轻)”含义。选项E“This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.(这种误解表明，人们贬低自己与他人的关系。)”中主语“This misunderstanding”指代上一段内容，在句意上是针对上文得出的结论，且“devalue”对应“underestimate”，符合词汇复现原则。故选E项。
【37题详解】
根据后文“This ‘voice’ tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.(这种“声音”倾向于将我们的注意力转移到评估我们的一举一动，并对我们的关系产生不良影响。) ”为第二次提出这种“声音”，说明设空句应是首次提到这种“声音”，且是一种产生消极影响的声音。选项C“We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.(我们都有一种“批判的内心声音”，这种声音往往会让我们失望。)”提出了名词“批判的内心声音”，符合分析。故选C项。
【38题详解】
根据前文“Unlike a conscience, this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior.(与良心不同，这种内心的批评不会激发积极的行为。)”提出了“内心批判”是消极的，由此可推知，设空句应进一步强调其消极性的具体影响，同时包含话题“贬低自己的影响”。选项F“Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. (相反，它使我们与自己作对，使我们低估了自己对他人的有益影响。)”讲到了内心批判对自己和对他人具体消极影响，且“Instead”与前文构成反义转折关系，前后衔接紧密。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据前文“One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others.(对抗我们批判的内心声音的一个好方法是善待他人。)”提到了一个抵制内心批判的方式，后文“We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect.(我们还必须努力通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来看待自己。)”则提到了下一个步骤，由此可推知，设空句应是转折句，说明不仅仅有第一步，以承接后文。选项A“However, the work doesn’t stop there.(然而，这项工作并不止于此。)”为转折句，“the work”呼应前文内容，在句意上承接后文。故选A项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请答题卡指定区域作答。
Before ending upon a supermarket shelf, an avocado(牛油果) has produced 1.3 kilograms of carbon into the atmosphere. Its production alone consumes 60 gallons of water. Despite this, the fruit will often be thrown away as household waste.
Household food waste is the result of mismanagement. Much of the waste is avoidable and the food may have been eaten had it been better managed. To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers decide to remove date labelling(标签), such as the “use-by” or “best-before” date, from some fresh food items.
Past studies have confirmed the importance of date labelling. Almost 60% of western European consumers surveyed said they “always” check date labels while purchasing. But date labelling has long come under criticism because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making. Indeed, consumers commonly don’t accept edible(可食用的), but date-expired(过期的) food.
The removal of date labelling is therefore a promising start. Without date labels, information that may affect consumers’ understanding of what is edible, is removed. Instead, consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items.
In the case of an avocado, the advice given to consumers is that when ripe, it should have a “pleasant and slightly sweet aroma(气味)”, while the skin should be “dark green or brown”. Information is also provided on how an avocado should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to an expiration date.
40. What do food retailers decide to do to reduce household food waste?
_______________________________________________________________________________
41. Why has date labelling long been criticized?
_______________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
ØIf consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food.
_______________________________________________________________________________
43. Once date labels are removed from some fresh food items, what problem(s) might be caused? (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Food retailers decide to remove date labelling.
41. Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.
42. If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food.
Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. So if consumers can be better informed, they will be likely to accept edible, but date-expired food.
43. Removing date labels from some fresh food items can prevent consumers from knowing the edible information of the food.Without date labels, consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items.

【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了为了减少家庭食品浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定取消一些新鲜食品的日期标签，例如“使用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。尽管人们在购买食品时，大部分人会查看日期标签，但是日期标签有时候却对人有误导作用而造成浪费。在施行取消标签后，人们可以通过“望闻”的方法判断食物。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容“To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers decide to remove date labelling, such as the ‘use-by’ or ‘best-before’ date, from some fresh food items.(为了减少家庭食物浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定从一些新鲜食品上去掉日期标签，比如“截止食用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。)”可知，食品零售商决定去掉一些新鲜食品上的日期标签以减少浪费。故答案为：Food retailers decide to remove date labelling.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段内容“But date labelling has long come under criticism because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.(但日期标签长期以来一直受到批评，因为未能真正理解日期标签往往会导致不合理的决策。)”可知，日期标签长期受到批评是因为日期标签未能得到真正理解而导致不合理的购买决策。故答案为：Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第五段内容“Information is also provided on how an avocado should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to an expiration date. (还提供了牛油果“过熟”时外观、味道和感觉的信息。人们希望，一个更了解情况的消费者不太可能因为过期而盲目扔掉食物。)”可知，“If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food.(如果消费者能更明智，他们不会接受可食用的，但过期的食品。)”中“they will not accept edible, but date-expired food”是错误的，如果消费者对食物信息更了解一些，那么就有可能接受可食用但过期的食品。故答案为：If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food. Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. So if consumers can be better informed, they will be likely to accept edible, but date-expired food.
【43题详解】
本题为开放性试题，要求考生结合文章根据自己的见解进行作答，言之有理即可。供参考：根据文章第四段“
Without date labels, information that may affect consumers' understanding of what is edible, is removed.
（如果没有日期标签，可能会影响消费者了解什么是可食用的的信息被删除。）”可知，没有日期标签，消费者可能无法了解
该食品的可食用信息。故答案为Removing date labels from some fresh food items can prevent consumers from k
nowing the edible information of the food.Without date labels, consumers are encouraged to sense-check f
resh food items.


第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信，询问你如何提高学习效率。请你给他写一封回信，介绍你的具体做法及原因。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
In your last letter, you mentioned that you wanted to know how to improve learning efficiency. I’ll give you some advice.
Firstly, when acquiring new knowledge, you should try to make connections with what you have already learned. Secondly, you should learn to do “spaced review”, especially during the first day after learning. Besides, there are some common practices you should know, such as sleeping well and doing physical exercise. All these can help improve your memory and learn effectively.
I hope my advice will be useful. If you need more help, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封信，针对如何提高学习效率给出一些建议并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：advice→suggestion
首先：firstly→first of all
此外：besides→what’s more
有帮助的：useful→helpful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Secondly, you should learn to do “spaced review”, especially during the first day after learning.
拓展句：Secondly, you should learn to do “spaced review”, especially during the first day after learning, which can improve learning efficiency.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In your last letter, you mentioned that you wanted to know how to improve learning efficiency.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】If you need more help, please let me know.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句)