北京市丰台区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期11月期中试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市丰台区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期11月期中试题（Word版附解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

丰台区2022-2023学年度第一学期期中练习
高二英语 (A卷)
(练习时间：90分钟)
第I部分 知识运用(共两节，25分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Dear Annie,
I feel betrayed(背叛) by my friend Hannah. We have been best friends since primary school and spend almost every day with each other. Sometimes, other children say we are no ____1____ because we are both very academic and like to study, but we like it that way. We are both very ____2____ and always get good grades at school.
On Monday, we had a surprise Maths quiz. I thought it was quite easy and was not worried about the results. I must have sounded very ____3____ of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. The next day after class, my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class! I felt so ____4____; I must be really stupid to ____5____ a simple math quiz!
Afterwards, I ____6____ to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. We went to wash our hands in the girls’ washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done. I ____7____ her not to tell anyone else, and she said she would keep my ____8____.
However, the next day, I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math class and, when I went to sit down, I was ____9____ to find a piece of paper on my desk that said, ‘Stupid Sarah got a D!’ I was so upset that I felt like crying. I thought that Hannah ____10____ have told my classmates about my grade after ____11____ not to. Everyone must have been laughing behind my back!
I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren’t going to be friends any more because she couldn’t ____12____ her word. She was really upset and swore that she hadn’t told anyone. ____13____, the only people who see our grades are the teacher and the student that the grades belong to. She said that someone must have been spying on us in the washroom, but I didn’t ____14____ her explanation. I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her. Now I’ve ____15____ my best friend. What shall I do?
Yours sincerely
Sarah
1. A. popular B. strange C. fool D. fun
2. A. hard-working B. serious C. friendly D. warm-hearted
3. A. proud B. afraid C. tired D. fond
4. A. angry B. worried C. ashamed D. confused
5. A. miss B. fail C. quit D. finish
6. A. preferred B. refused C. agreed D. pretended
7. A. ordered B. allowed C. forced D. begged
8. A. mind B. secret C. record D. company
9. A. shocked B. curious C. patient D. regretful
10. A. should B. need C. must D. could
11. A. struggling B. promising C. remembering D. hoping
12. A. believe B. repeat C. keep D. announce
13. A. Therefore B. Besides C. Firstly D. However
14. A. understand B. give C. believe D. bear
15. A. cheated B. lost C. known D. affected
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。是一封Sarah写给Annie的信，信中讲述了Sarah和Hannah是好朋友，但是成绩一直很好的Sarah在一次数学考试中成绩班里倒数第一，她很伤心，将这件事告诉了好朋友Hannah，并要求她保守这个秘密。但是随后Sarah发现桌子上有个纸条写着“愚蠢的Sarah得了D”之后，就认为Hannah一定是将自己的成绩告诉了别人，任凭Hannah怎么解释，Sarah也不相信，感觉Hannah背叛了自己。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，其他孩子说我们没有乐趣，因为我们都善于且喜欢学习，但我们喜欢这种方式。A. popular流行的；B. strange奇怪的；C. fool愚蠢的；D. fun有趣的。由下文“because we are both very academic and like to study,”可知，我们都善于且喜欢学习，所以其他孩子认为我们没有乐趣，故选D。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都很勤奋，在学校总是取得好成绩。A. hard-working勤奋的；B. serious严肃的；C. friendly友好的；D. warm-hearted热心的。由下文“always get good grades at school.”可知，我们学习成绩好，是因为很勤奋，故选A。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：测验结束后，我一定听起来非常骄傲，说这是多么容易，而且我肯定会得到一个好成绩。A. proud骄傲的；B. afraid害怕的；C. tired疲倦的；D. fond喜欢的。由下文“saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.”可知，测试结束后，我说考试很容易，确信自己会得到好成绩，所以说当时自己听起来很骄傲，故选A。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很惭愧；我一定是太傻了，连一个简单的数学测验都没通过！A. angry生气的；B. worried担忧的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. confused困惑的。由上文“my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class!”可知，我在班里成绩最低，所以感到羞愧，故选C。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到很惭愧；我一定是太傻了，连一个简单的数学测验都没通过！A. miss想念；B. fail失败；C. quit辞职；D. finish结束。由上文“my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class!”和下文“find a piece of paper on my desk that said, ‘Stupid Sarah got a D!”知，我在班里成绩最低，获得了D，所以考试没通过，故选B。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我假装很高兴，但汉娜感觉有些不对劲。A. preferred更喜欢；B. refused拒绝；C. agreed同意；D. pretended假装。由下文“but Hannah sensed something was wrong”和“I admitted how badly I had done.”以及上文提到作者没有通过考试可知，前后是转折关系，汉娜感觉我不对劲，这说明我假装高兴，故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我求她不要告诉别人，她说她会保守我的秘密。A. ordered命令；B. allowed允许；C. forced强迫；D. begged乞求。由上文“I admitted how badly I had done.”可知，我承认自己的成绩多么糟糕，结合上文提到我一直成绩很好可知，我不愿意让别人知道自己没通过考试这个秘密，所以乞求汉娜不要告诉别人，故选D。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我求她不要告诉别人，她说她会保守我的秘密。A. mind思想；B. secret秘密；C. record记录；D. company公司。由上文提到的我乞求汉娜不要将自己没有通过考试这件事告诉别人，汉娜说自己会保守这个秘密，故选B。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，第二天，我注意到当我走进数学课堂时，我的同学们都在盯着我看。当我坐下来的时候，我震惊地发现我的桌子上有一张纸，上面写着：“愚蠢的莎拉得了D！”A. shocked震惊的；B. curious好奇的；C. patient耐心的；D. regretful后悔的。由下文“find a piece of paper on my desk that said, ‘Stupid Sarah got a D!”可知，我发现一张纸条上写着“愚蠢的莎拉得了D”，所以感到很震惊，故选A。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：我想汉娜一定是在承诺之后，将我的成绩告诉了我的同学。A. should应该；B. need需要；C. must一定；D. could可能。上文“find a piece of paper on my desk that said, ‘Stupid Sarah got a D!”提到我发现桌子上有个纸条写着“愚蠢的莎拉得了D”之后，认为汉娜一定是将自己的成绩告诉了别人，故选C。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想汉娜一定是在承诺之后，将我的成绩告诉了我的同学。A. struggling挣扎；B. promising承诺；C. remembering记得；D. hoping希望。由上文“she said she would keep my____8____.”提到汉娜说会保守我的秘密可知，此我认为汉娜没有保守我的秘密，将我的成绩告诉了同学们，故选B。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很生气，直接去找汉娜告诉她我们不再是朋友了因为她不能遵守诺言。A. believe信任；B. repeat重复；C. keep保持；D. announce宣布。由上文“I thought that Hannah_______have told my classmates about my grade after________not to.”可知，我认为汉娜没有遵守诺言，将自己的成绩告诉了别人，keep one’s word固定搭配，意为“遵守诺言”，故选C。
【13题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，看到成绩的人只有老师和该学生自己。A. Therefore因此；B. Besides此外；C. Firstly首先；D. However然而。上文“She was really upset and swore that she hadn’t told anyone.”提到汉娜发誓自己没有将我的成绩告诉别人，下文“the only people who see our grades are the teacher and the student that the grades belong to.”说看到成绩的只有老师和取得该成绩的学生可知，前后是转折关系，应用however，故选D。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说肯定有人在厕所里监视我们，但我不相信她的解释。A. understand理解；B. give给；C. believe相信；D. bear忍受。由下文“I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her. ”可知，我不会原谅汉娜，说明我不相信汉娜所说的话，故选C。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在我失去了最好的朋友。A. cheated欺骗；B. lost丢失；C. known知道；D. affected影响。由上文“I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her.”可知，我不会原谅汉娜，说明我不会和汉娜做朋友了，即我失去了汉娜这个好朋友，故选B。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Most people believe when they are living comfortably and earning enough money, they will have no worries. However, most people never feel they have earned enough. Jason Harley decided ____16____ (drop) out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that ____17____ (have) only a little money made him free. Are there any things he misses from his past? “No, I’m much happier now, because I am living according to my values. Success ____18____ (measure) not by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.”
【答案】16. to drop
17. having 18. is measured
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。大多数人相信，当他们生活舒适，赚到足够的钱，他们就不会有烦恼。然而，杰森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他认为衡量成功的标准不是你有多少钱，而是你如何理解生命的真正意义。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：杰森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只要有一点钱，他就自由了。decide to do固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，故填to drop。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：杰森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只要有一点钱，他就自由了。此处在that引导的宾语从句中作主语，应用动名词形式，故填having。
【18题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：衡量成功的标准不是你有多少钱，而是你如何理解生命的真正意义。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语和动词measure是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，主语是不可数名词，be动词应用is，故填is measured。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Several mass extinction events have occurred in the course of our planet’s history. Scientists say that previously the ____19____ (reason) for extinction have varied, but human actions will be to blame for the sixth extinction which has already started to happen. It is clear that human activity negatively affects almost every natural thing on Earth from destroying different species of plants and animals ____20____ creating various types of greenhouse gases. In fact, species are being wiped out at a ____21____ (fast) rate now than any time in history.
【答案】19. reasons
20. to 21. faster
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。在我们星球的历史进程中发生过几次大灭绝事件。人类的行为将是第六次物种灭绝的罪魁祸首。人类活动对地球上几乎所有的自然事物都产生了负面影响。事实上，现在物种灭绝的速度比历史上任何时候都要快。
【19题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：科学家们说，以前物种灭绝的原因是多种多样的，但是人类的行为将是第六次物种灭绝的罪魁祸首。此处应用名词作宾语，由谓语动词have varied可知，应用复数，故填reasons。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意： 很明显，人类活动对地球上几乎所有自然事物都产生了负面影响，从破坏不同种类的动植物到制造各种各样的温室气体。from...to...固定搭配，意为“从……到……”，故填to。
【21题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：事实上，现在物种灭绝的速度比历史上任何时候都要快。由than可知，此处应用形容词fast的比较级作定语，故填faster。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the early days of space travel, scientists sent animals into space to learn about the conditions humans might face. By studying animals, they were able to understand ___22___ it was like to live without Earth’s gravity and atmosphere. The animals were used to test specially ___23___ (design) equipment that would later be used for human space flight. Animals ___24___ survived a space flight provided information about how weightlessness would affect humans, what spaceship designs would be the safest, and how well a spacesuit would work.
【答案】22. what
23. designed
24. that##which
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物对于太空研究的作用。
22题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：通过研究动物，他们能够理解没有地球引力和大气层的生活是什么样的。分析句子，空处引导从句作动词understand的宾语，从句中缺少介词like的宾语，应用what引导，指代“他们能够理解的事情”。故填what。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些动物被用来测试专门设计的设备，这些设备之后将用于人类太空飞行。分析句子，空处作定语修饰名词equipment，design与逻辑主语equipment之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填designed。
【24题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在太空飞行中幸存下来的动物提供了有关失重将如何影响人类、什么样的太空船设计最安全以及宇航服能起多大作用等信息。分析句子，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Animals，先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语，应用that/which引导。故填that或which。
第II部分 阅读理解(40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(共16小题;每小题2.5分，共40分)
A
Connie’s
191 Fanhua Road, near Luxi Road
Open 9.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. weekdays, 9.00 a.m. to 8.00 p.m. weekends
For a new hairstyle to suit your new lifestyle, come to Connie’s! Choose the one that is right for you. Get free advice from our experts.
What sort of hairstyle is best for me?
Is your face round, square, long or heart-shaped? Short hair with curls will make the round face look longer. Longer styles suit square faces. Single-length hair to your shoulders will add width to a slim face.
How can I keep my hair healthy?
Keep yourself healthy. Eat a balanced diet and get plenty of exercise. You will shine and so will your hair. In addition, look after your hair. City air is dirty and polluted, so it is wise for you to shampoo(洗发) your hair often. Here are some for the things you need to know.

25. You can have a haircut in Connie’s at ________.
A. 8.00 a.m. on Monday B. 7.00 p.m. on Saturday
C. 7.00 p.m. on Thursday D. 8.00 a.m. on Sunday
26. According to the passage, short hair suits ________.
A. a round face B. a long face C. a heart-shaped face D. a slim face
27. You can keep your hair healthy by ________.
A. eating a balanced diet B. seldom shampooing your hair
C. regularly cutting your hair D. using a hairdryer close to your hair
28. The information in the box is to ________.
A. advertise for Connie’s
B. guide the use of a shampoo
C. introduce the service in Connie’s
D. present the steps of effective hair care
【答案】25. B 26. A 27. A 28. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章是宣传康妮理发店的一则广告。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据Open 9.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. weekdays, 9.00 a.m. to 8.00 p.m. weekends(开放时间为平日上午9时至下午6时，周末上午9时至下午8时)部分中的“For a new hairstyle to suit your new lifestyle, come to Connie’s!(想要一个适合你新生活方式的新发型，来康妮理发店吧！)”可知， 星期六晚上七点你可以到康妮理发店理发，故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据What sort of hairstyle is best for me?(什么样的发型最适合我？)中的“Short hair with curls will make the round face look longer. (短发加上卷发会让圆脸看起来更长)”可知，短头发适合圆脸，故选A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据How can I keep my hair healthy?(我怎样才能保持头发健康？)部分中的“Eat a balanced diet and get plenty of exercise. (均衡饮食，多做运动)”可知，你可以通过均衡饮食来保持头发健康，故选A。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据图表上文中的“City air is dirty and polluted, so it is wise for you to shampoo (洗发) your hair often. Here are some for the things you need to know.(城市的空气又脏又污，所以经常洗头是明智的。以下是一些你需要知道的事情)”和方框里的信息“Shampoo and conditioner(洗发水和护发素)”，“Hairbrushes and combs(梳子)”，“Towels and hairderers(毛巾和吹风机)”可推知，方框里的信息是介绍有效护发的步骤，故选D。
B
For 38-year-old Justin Herald, the journey to wealth began one Sunday morning at a church in Sydney’s northwest, when he was involved in a quarrel with a member of the church choir. “You have an attitude problem,” she told him.
The accusation(谴责) sparked something in him, and he borrowed $50 from his brother to have four T-shirts printed with the slogan: “I don’t have an attitude problem; you have a perception(看法,见解) problem.”
“It was the best $50 I ever spent,” laughs Herald. By the end of the morning, he had sold three of the four T-shirts. With the money he made, he had another six printed, then 12, then 24. “That first year the earnings were $98,000,” he says.
His business, Attitude Inc, is now a multi-million-dollar company with a wide range of products selling in 3,500 stores across Australia. His business was due to not just clever marketing—the public loved the slogan—but also he has to admit that in those days there was very little competition in his sector of the clothing industry, and he was in the right place at the right time.
The media spotlight also helped, with people paying attention to Herald’s likeable personality and infectious passion for his business: the night of one TV appearance, 187 stores rang to get his products into their stores.
Herald sold the business three years ago, by which time it was turning over $30 million a year, and now spends his time as a motivational speaker. His message: anyone can be financially successful if they set their mind to it. “You have to have a lot of stickability, because not everything is going to work the way you plan it.”
Still living in Castle Hill with his wife and two children, Herald believes too many successful people become caught up in the trappings of wealth. “I have lived here since I left school at 16,” he says. “In this area, you don’t forget where you came from.”
29. Herald thinks it was the best $50 he ever spent because ________.
A. that sum of money covered the cost of four T-shirts
B. that sum of money showed the accusation was wrong
C. he received that sum of money when he was in need
D. he gained more than expected from that sum of money
30. According to Herald, the success of his business resulted from ________.
A. business sense and luck
B. good timing and cooperation
C. fierce competition and passion
D. family background and motivation
31. The underlined word “stickability” is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. competence B. optimism C. persistence D. fortune
32. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Start a Business
B. Attitude Pays Off
C. No Bravery, No Gains
D. Never Too Old to Challenge Yourself
【答案】29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了Justin Herald致富的过程，并说明了他变得富有是因为他坚持不懈的态度。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““It was the best $50 I ever spent,” laughs Herald. By the end of the morning, he had sold three of the four T-shirts. With the money he made, he had another six printed, then 12, then 24. “That first year the earnings were $98,000,” he says.(“这是我花过的最值的50美元，”《先驱报》笑着说。到上午结束时，他已经卖掉了四件 T 恤中的三件。加上他赚的钱，他又印了6张，然后是12张，然后是24张。“第一年的收入是9.8万美元，”他表示。)”可推知，Herald认为这是他花过的最好的50美元，是因为他从那笔钱中获得了超出预期的收益，故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“His business was due to not just clever marketing—the public loved the slogan—but also he has to admit that in those days there was very little competition in his sector of the clothing industry, and he was in the right place at the right time.(他的生意不仅是因为精明的营销——公众喜欢这个口号——还因为他不得不承认，当时他所在的服装行业几乎没有什么竞争，而且他在正确的时间出现在了正确的地点。)”可推知，Herald认为他生意的成功源于商业意识和运气，故选A。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中划线单词上文“His message: anyone can be financially successful if they set their mind to it.(他的信息是：任何人只要下定决心，都可以获得经济上的成功。)”和下文“because not everything is going to work the way you plan it.(因为不是所有事都按你的计划进行)”可知，并不是所有事情都能按照你的计划进行，因此要下定决心，坚持下去，也就是要有毅力，由此可知，划线单词stickability意为“持久性”，与C项“persistence(毅力)”意思一样，故选C。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The accusation(谴责) sparked something in him, and he borrowed $50 from his brother to have four T-shirts printed with the slogan: “I don’t have an attitude problem; you have a perception(看法,见解) problem.( 这个指控激起了他的某种情绪，他向他哥哥借了50美元，买了四件印有标语的 T 恤衫：“我没有态度问题; 你有观念问题。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了Justin Herald致富的过程，并说明了他变得富有是因为他坚持不懈的态度，因此最后的题目是B项“态度得到了回报”适合做文章标题，故选B。
C
One billion people in the world are short of water. How can this problem be solved? Some suggestions have been to desalinate ocean water or to build enormous water pipelines from areas where water is abundant. (Suggestions such as these prove extremely expensive when they are actually used.) One possibility that scientists are considering is pulling icebergs(冰山) from either the North Pole or the South Pole to parts of the world with a water shortage. Although many questions must be answered before such a project could be tried, moving icebergs seems a reasonable possibility in the future.
Engineers, mathematicians, and glaciologists from a dozen countries have been considering the iceberg as a future source of water. Saudi Arabia is particularly interested in this project because it has a great water shortage. Scientists estimate that it would take 128 days to transport a large iceberg(about 1/2 square mile) to Saudi Arabia. Yet the iceberg would be completely melted by the 104th day. Therefore, insulation would be essential, but how to insulate the iceberg remains an unsolved problem.
The problems in transporting an iceberg are numerous. The first problem is choosing the iceberg to pull. The icebergs that form in the North Pole are quite difficult to handle because of their shape. Only a small portion extends above the water—most of the iceberg is below the surface, which would make it difficult to pull. South Pole icebergs, on the other hand, are flat and float like table tops. Thus they would be much easier to move.
How can a 200-million-ton iceberg be moved? No ship is strong enough to pull such enormous weight through the water. Perhaps several ships could be used. Attaching ropes to an iceberg this size is also an enormous problem. Engineers think that large nails or long metal rods could be driven into the ice. What would happen if the iceberg splits into several pieces during the pulling? Even if an iceberg with very few cracks were chosen, how could it be pulled through stormy waters? Furthermore, once the iceberg reached its destination, very few ports would be deep enough to store it.
All of these problems must be solved before icebergs can become a reasonable source of water. Yet scientists estimate that it will be possible to transport them in the near future. Each year, enough icebergs form to supply the whole world with fresh water for a full year. In addition, icebergs are free and nonpolluting. As a solution to the world’s water problems, icebergs may be a workable possibility.
33. What is a problem in transporting the iceberg?
A. The size of the iceberg. B. The colour of the iceberg.
C. The salt in the iceberg. D. The movement of air and water.
34. What is the author’ s attitude towards transporting icebergs?
A. Negative. B. Unrealistic.
C. Optimistic. D. Unconcerned.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A. It is hard to use icebergs.
B. Icebergs are a good choice.
C. There are problems with icebergs.
D. Man finds no other ways to solve water shortage.
36. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Icebergs for Water B. Shortage of Water
C. Scientists and Icebergs D. Icebergs—Scientists’ Headache
【答案】33. A 34. C 35. B 36. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们对运输冰山作为解决淡水资源缺乏问题提出的假设以及可能性，并且认为解决了一系列的问题之后，这一办法是可行的。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“How can a 200-million-ton iceberg be moved? No ship is strong enough to pull such enormous weight through the water. Perhaps several ships could be used. Attaching ropes to an iceberg this size is also an enormous problem. (2亿吨的冰山怎么移动？没有一艘船能够在水中拖动如此巨大的重量。也许可以用几艘船。把绳子系在这么大的冰山上也是个大问题。)”可知，运输冰山的过程中由于冰山体积过大，运输将有难度，这将是运输过程中存在的一个问题，故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Although many questions must be answered before such a project could be tried, moving icebergs seems a reasonable possibility in the future.(尽管在尝试这样的项目之前必须回答许多问题，但移动冰山在未来似乎是一种合理的可能性。)”和最后一段中“As a solution to the world’s water problems, icebergs may be a workable possibility.(作为世界水资源问题的解决方案，冰山也许是一种可行的可能性。)”可推知，作者认为作为解决世界用水问题的办法——移动冰山是合理的可能的解决办法，即作者对此方法持乐观积极的态度，故选C。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“All of these problems must be solved before icebergs can become a reasonable source of water. Yet scientists estimate that it will be possible to transport them in the near future. Each year, enough icebergs form to supply the whole world with fresh water for a full year. In addition, icebergs are free and nonpolluting. As a solution to the world’s water problems, icebergs may be a workable possibility.(在冰山成为合理的水源之前，所有这些问题都必须得到解决。然而，科学家们估计，在不久的将来将有可能运输它们。每年形成的冰山足以为全世界提供一整年的淡水。此外，冰山是自由和无污染的。作为世界水资源问题的解决方案，冰山也许是一种可行的可能性。)”可知，Yet后面的内容是重点，即该段告诉我们用冰山解决世界上淡水问题是个不错的选择。故选B。
【36题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Although many questions must be answered before such a project could be tried, moving icebergs seems a reasonable possibility in the future.(尽管在尝试这样的项目之前必须回答许多问题，但移动冰山在未来似乎是一种合理的可能性。)”和最后一段中“Yet scientists estimate that it will be possible to transport them in the near future. Each year, enough icebergs form to supply the whole world with fresh water for a full year. In addition, icebergs are free and nonpolluting. As a solution to the world’s water problems, icebergs may be a workable possibility.(然而，科学家们估计，在不久的将来将有可能运输它们。每年形成的冰山足以为全世界提供一整年的淡水。此外，冰山是自由和无污染的。作为世界水资源问题的解决方案，冰山也许是一种可行的可能性。)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家们对运输冰山作为解决淡水资源缺乏问题提出的假设以及可能性，并且认为解决了一系列的问题之后，这一办法是可行的。A项“用冰山上的水”适合作文章标题，故选A。


D
Many of us mistakenly believe that it’s wrong to think we have any good qualities. We may spend a lot of time blaming ourselves for our negative qualities, thinking that self-criticism is the key to improving our performance. However, a constant focus on our supposed shortcomings can stop our efforts to make friends with other people. How can we believe that others could like us if we believe our inner being is flawed(有缺陷)?
If someone seems to dislike you, the reason for that dislike might have little or nothing to do with you. The person who doesn’t like you might be fearful, or shallow, or busy or shy. Perhaps you and that person are simply a mismatch for each other at this particular time.
Don’t take yourself out of the game by deciding that your flaws are bigger than your good qualities. In fact, some of the very qualities you consider to be flaws may be irresistible to someone else. For all the factors that might cause one person to reject you, there are at least as many factors that will work in your favor with someone else.
You might be thirty pounds over your ideal weight, but you may have a wonderful laugh and a real enthusiasm for life. There are many people who don’t mind your extra pounds. You may drive a shabby car, but you might be a great dancer and a loyal friend. There are people out there looking for loyalty, or fun, or sweetness, or wisdom, and the package it comes in is not important. If you are worried that you are not beautiful enough to attract friends, keep in mind that not everyone is looking for physical beauty in their friends. You can decide to feel inferior(自卑) because you don’t have much money and you don’t drive a nice car. You can believe that this is the reason that you don’t have many friends in your life. On the other hand, if you are very wealthy you may be suspicious that everyone is after your money and that nobody really likes you as a person.
The point is that you can focus on just about anything and believe it’s the reason why you do not have friends and cannot make any
37. According to the author, ________ plays an important role in making friends.
A. possessing good qualities B. confidence
C. admitting your shortcomings D. self-criticism
38. If you are not liked by a person, ________.
A. you may not be the one to be blamed
B. you and that person misunderstand each other
C. you should find the reason in yourself
D. you’d better talk with the person face to face
39. We can learn from the third paragraph that ________.
A. your good qualities may turn out to be your flaws
B. your negative qualities cause a person to reject you
C. your weaknesses may also be your strengths in some way
D. you’ll have few friends if your flaws are bigger than your good qualities
40. What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?
A. How to lose weight. B. How to make friends.
C. How to make self-criticism. D. How to find your good qualities.
【答案】37. B 38. A 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一直关注自己的缺点可能会阻止我们与他人交朋友。因此我们应该自信，这样才能让别人喜欢自己。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, a constant focus on our supposed shortcomings can stop our efforts to make friends with other people. How can we believe that others could like us if we believe our inner being is flawed(有缺陷)?(然而，一直关注自己的缺点可能会阻止我们与他人交朋友的努力。如果我们相信自己的内在是有缺陷的，我们怎么能相信别人会喜欢我们呢)”可知，作者认为，关注自己的缺点会阻止我们交朋友，由此可推知，自信在交朋友中起着重要的作用。故选B。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“If someone seems to dislike you, the reason for that dislike might have little or nothing to do with you.(如果有人似乎不喜欢你，那么这种不喜欢的原因可能与你没有什么关系。)”可知，如果一个人不喜欢你，原因可能与你无关，即你也许不是那个该受责备的人，故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In fact, some of the very qualities you consider to be flaws may be irresistible to someone else.For all the factors that might cause one person to reject you, there are at least as many factors that will work in your favor with someone else. (事实上，一些你认为是缺点的特质可能对其他人来说是不可抗拒的。对于所有可能导致一个人拒绝你的因素，至少有同样多的因素会对你和其他人有利。)”可知，我们可以从第三段中了解到，你的弱点在某种程度上也可能是你的长处，故选C。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The point is that you can focus on just about anything and believe it’s the reason why you do not have friends and cannot make any.(关键是你可以专注于任何事情，并且相信这就是为什么你没有朋友，也不能交到朋友的原因。)”可推知，如果作者继续写，他最有可能提出如何发现你的优点。故选D。


第III部分 书面表达(共两节，35分)
第一节 阅读回答问题(共4小题;每小题2.5分，共10分)
阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He became a millionaire when he was only 24. His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. Getty made his millions alone. He made his money from oil. He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies. The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”
But money did not buy happiness for Getty. He married five times and divorced five times. He had five children but spent little time with them. None of Getty’s children had very happy lives.
Getty loved to make money and loved to save it. In spite of his great wealth, Getty was a miser. Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. He even put pay telephone in the guest’s bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.
In 1973, kidnappers(绑匪) took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return. Getty’s son asked his father for money to save his child. But Getty refused. The kidnappers were merciless and Getty’s son made repeated requests for help from his father. Finally, Getty agreed to lend the money, but at 4 percent interest.
Getty started a museum at his home Malibu, California. He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum. When Getty died in 1976, the value of the collection in the museum was $1 billion. He left all his money to the museum. After his death, the museum grew in size. Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States. Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.
41. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? (不多于8个词)
________________
42. Please explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 in English. (不多于10个词)
________________
43. What did the kidnappers do to Getty’s family? (不多于10个词)
________________
44. Do you think Getty is a generous millionaire? Why or why not? (不多于30个词)
________________
【答案】41. Getty became rich through his own efforts./Gretty made his millions alone.
42. Although he was very rich, Getty hated to spend money/Gretty spent little money/Gretty was mean/Gretty was stingy.
43. They took Getty’s grandson and asked for money/demanded a lot of money.
44. Yes, because he left all his money to the museum and made great contributions to the art world.
No, because he cared more about his own interest than his grandson’s life. We can’t say one is generous when he is even unconcerned about the affection among family members.
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jean Paul Getty靠自己的努力变得富有，但是他却舍不得花钱。Getty开办了一家博物馆，但是他死后把所有的钱都留给了博物馆，因为他希望人们学习和热爱艺术。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He became a millionaire when he was only 24. His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. Getty made his millions alone. He made his money from oil. He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies. The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”(Jean Paul Getty1892年出生于明尼苏达州的明尼阿波利斯。他在24岁时成为百万富翁。他的父亲很富有，但他没有帮助他的儿子。盖蒂一个人赚了几百万。他靠石油赚钱。他拥有盖蒂石油和其他100多家公司。《财富》杂志曾经把盖蒂称为“世界上最富有的人”。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了Getty靠自己的努力赚了几百万，从而致富的。故填Getty became rich through his own efforts./Gretty made his millions alone.。
【42题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线句子下文“Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. He even put pay telephone in the guest’s bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.(每天晚上，他都记下那天花的每一分钱。他甚至在客人的卧室里安装了付费电话，这样他就可以省下电话费了。)可知，虽然Getty很富有，但是他舍不得花钱，由此可知，划线句子“In spite of his great wealth, Getty was a miser.”意为“尽管他很富有，盖提却讨厌花钱/花钱很少/很小气/很吝啬。”故填Although he was very rich, Getty hated to spend money/Gretty spent little money/Gretty was mean/Gretty was stingy.。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 1973, kidnappers(绑匪) took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return.(1973年，绑匪绑架了他16岁的孙子，并要求他支付一大笔钱，以保证他的安全返回。)”可知，绑架者绑架了盖蒂的孙子，并要求支付一大笔钱。 故填They took Getty’s grandson and asked for money/demanded a lot of money.。
【44题详解】
开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你认为盖蒂是一个慷慨的百万富翁吗? 为什么？”，如果为肯定回答，可以从文章中最后一段“He left all his money to the museum. (他把所有的钱都留给了博物馆。)”中来解释：因为他把所有的钱都留给了博物馆并且为艺术界做出了巨大的贡献。如果答案为否定，可以从第四段中“Getty’s son asked his father for money to save his child. But Getty refused. (盖蒂的儿子向父亲要钱来救他的孩子，但是盖蒂拒绝了。)”解释为：因为他更关心自己的利益而不是他孙子的生命。我们不能说一个人是慷慨的，当他甚至不关心家庭成员之间的感情。故填Yes, because he left all his money to the museum and made great contributions to the art world./No, because he cared more about his own interest than his grandson’s life. We can’t say one is generous when he is even unconcerned about the affection among family members.。
第二节 书面表达(共25分)
从A、B中任选一篇，根据写作要求，写出一篇连贯完整的短文。请先将所选作文在答题卡相应区域A或B涂黑，再将作文写在答题卡上。
A
45. 参考阅读理解B篇和阅读回答问题中的文章，介绍一位名人成功的经历以及你从中获得的体会和感悟。
注意：词数不少于60。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version:
Huang Danian is a renowned Chinese geophysicist.
When he was young, Huang went to the UK to further his studies. Later, driven by the idea that he needed to contribute to his country, he gave up a good job and a life there and returned to home. Named lead scientist on China’s deep earth exploration programme, he developed advanced camera that can see through the Earth’s crust so that it can be analysed without having to dig into it. He set up a state-of-the-art lab, which enabled China’s deep earth exploration technology into a world-leading position. It also led to China’s lunar probe being landed on the moon.
But his health paid the price for his commitment to his work. He died in January 2017, aged just 58. Although he didn’t live long, he made major advances in his area of expertise. He had a life with great success and achievements.
【解析】
【导语】本文是开放作文。要求考生介绍一位名人成功的经历以及从中获得的体会和感悟。
【详解】1.词汇积累
有名的：renowned→famous
回家：returned to home→go back home
建立：set up→build
取得重大进步：make major advances→make significant progress
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Huang Danian is a renowned Chinese geophysicist.
拓展句：Huang Danian is a geophysicist who is very famous in China.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Named lead scientist on China’s deep earth exploration programme, he developed advanced camera that can see through the Earth’s crust so that it can be analysed without having to dig into it. (运用了非谓语动词作状语和that引导的定语从句和so that引导的状语从句)
【高分句型2】Although he didn’t live long, he made major advances in his area of expertise.(运用了although引导的让步状语从句)
B
46. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。最近你们班正在开展“节约能源，保护地球”的活动，你打算邀请英国好友Jim为你们班做一次线上经验交流，了解英国人日常节能环保行为。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 交流的原因;
2. 建议交流的具体内容;
3. 交流时间和其他相关事项。
注意：词数不少于60。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version:
Dear Jim,
How is everything going?
I’m writing on behalf of my class. Since this term, we have been carrying out a wide range of activities to increase our awareness of saving energy in our daily life. During the process, we’re increasingly curious about the saving energy behaviors in other countries. So I’m writing to ask whether you would be willing to give us an online talk about it.
Would you please give an introduction of what major energy crises the British are faced with, and what habitual behaviors the British, especially the teenagers have to save energy in the daily life?
The talk will be about 1 hour and you can decide your date at your convenience. Please let me know which platform you’ll be using. We’d extremely appreciate it if you can spare time to prepare a PPT to get your ideas across.
I sincerely hope you can accept it. If you have any questions, please do let me know. I’m looking forward to your earliest reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文为应用文。假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。最近你们班正在开展“节约能源，保护地球”的活动，你打算邀请英国好友Jim为你们班做一次线上经验交流，了解英国人日常节能环保行为。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：交流的原因；建议交流的具体内容；交流时间和其他相关事项。
【详解】1.词汇积累
各种各样的：a wide range of→various
面对：be faced with→face
非常：extremely→greatly
真诚地：sincerely→frankly
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：I’m writing on behalf of my class. Since this term, we have been carrying out a wide range of activities to increase our awareness of saving energy in our daily life.
拓展句：I’m writing on behalf of my class to inform you that since this term, we have been carrying out a wide range of activities to increase our awareness of saving energy in our daily life.
【点睛】【高分句型1】So I’m writing to ask whether you would be willing to give us an online talk about it.(运用了whether引导的宾语从句)