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北京市怀柔区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市怀柔区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析），共19页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023高一年级第一学期期末试题
英语
本试卷共7页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I look back at the first half of the year, I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through. But the biggest one was definitely my high school graduation ___1___.
When I first arrived in the Czech Republic (捷克) four years ago, I was just a normal exchange ___2___ who spoke only English. Then at the end of the year-long exchange program, I came up with the idea of ___3___ my high school studies there.
At that time I was only sixteen and delighted by my new future. But I didn’t realize the ___4___ of completing school in the Czech language, which is considered to be one of the most popular ___5___ in the world. As I lacked (缺少) ___6___ of certain subjects, I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate. However, I practiced all the time. Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently and my ___7___ grew.
The final exam day came. Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey, I felt ___8___ and confident.
In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam. At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone. “One student, she is from China with only three years of learning Czech, she ____10____.”
My journey through high school was finally finished. Though the journey of university is just about to begin, I think I am ready.
1. A. speech B. exam C. present D. custom
2. A. teacher B. expert C. engineer D. student
3. A. finishing B. canceling C. examining D. preparing
4. A. value B. ability C. challenge D. benefit
5. A. places B. music C. songs D. languages
6. A. knowledge B. letter C. luck D. magazine
7. A. money B. fear C. confidence D. worry
8. A. sad B. troubled C. terrible D. encouraged
9. A. passed B. failed C. avoided D. missed
10. A. got away B. broke down C. made it D. calmed down
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者在捷克努力学习，最终通过考试的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最大的一次考试肯定是我的高中毕业考试。A. speech演讲；B. exam考试；C. present礼物；D. custom习俗。根据上文“I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through”和下文“In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam.”可知，作者最大的挑战是毕业考试。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：四年前，当我第一次来到捷克共和国时，我只是一个只会说英语的普通交换生。A. teacher老师；B. expert专家；C. engineer工程师；D. student学生。根据“I came up with the idea of ___3___ my high school studies there.”可知，作者是个学生。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在为期一年的交换项目结束时，我萌生了在那里完成高中学业的想法。A. finishing完成；B. canceling取消；C. examining检查；D. preparing准备。根据下文“But I didn’t realize the ___4___ of completing school in the Czech language”可知，作者想要在那里完成高中学业。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我没有意识到用捷克语完成学业的挑战，捷克语被认为是世界上最流行的语言之一。A. value价值；B. ability能力；C. challenge挑战；D. benefit益处。根据上文“I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through.”可知，此处是信息词challenge的词汇复现。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. places地点；B. music音乐；C. songs歌曲；D. languages语言。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代Czech language，此处表示捷克语被认为是世界上最流行的语言之一。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我缺乏某些学科的知识，我得到了最差的分数，周围的人怀疑我是否能毕业。A. knowledge知识；B. letter信；C. luck运气；D. magazine杂志。根据下文“I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate.”可知，作者由于缺乏某些学科知识，导致成绩差，不知能否毕业。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我可以流利地与人交流，我的信心也增加了。A. money钱；B. fear害怕；C. confidence自信；D. worry担心。根据上文“However, I practiced all the time.”和下文“Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently”可知，作者的自信心加强了。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想到一路上帮助和支持我的每一个人，我感到鼓舞和自信。A. sad难过的；B. troubled麻烦的；C. terrible可怕的；D. encouraged感到鼓舞的。根据“Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey”可知，作者受到许多支持者、帮助者的鼓舞。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在五月，我收到通知，我已经通过了考试。A. passed通过；B. failed失败；C. avoided避免；D. missed错过，思念。根据下文“At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone.”可知，作者收到考试通过的通知。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：“有一个学生，她来自中国，只学了三年捷克语，她成功了。”A. got away离开；B. broke down分解，出故障；C. made it获得成功；D. calmed down冷静。根据“In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam.”可知，作者最终通过了考试，获得了成功。故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My husband was looking___11___our two little nieces. They started crying when my husband cooked lunch. He ran into the room and___12___(see) a small scorpion(蝎子), so my husband picked it up. The older girl said, "Girls can't deal with it." My husband told her, "you never have to be afraid of something only because you’re a gin. You are as smart and strong as any boy.” He held the scorpion's tail with his___13___(finger). The girl asked to hold it. So my husband put it on her hands while he held the tail. She was so proud of___14___(her) that she talked about it until she went to sleep.
【答案】11. after
12. saw 13. fingers
14. herself
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲的是“我”丈夫在照看两个小侄女时，因为一只小蝎子两个女孩哭叫起来，在丈夫的鼓励下，大侄女勇敢地尝试拿一下这只蝎子，她为自己感到骄傲，一直谈论到睡觉。
【11题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我丈夫正在照顾我们的两个小侄女。根据后文，我的丈夫跑进屋内查看发生了什么事情，可知丈夫是在照顾两个小侄女。look after照顾，是固定短语，故填after。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：他跑进房间，看见一只小蝎子，所以我丈夫把它捡了起来。see和ran into是并列的谓语动词，因此应该使用一般过去时，故填saw。
【13题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他用手指握住蝎子的尾巴。根据常识判断，丈夫用手握住蝎子的尾巴，应该是使用不止一只手指，因此finger要使用复数形式，故填fingers。
【14题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：她为自己感到自豪，一直谈论到睡觉。侄女对“自己”感到很自豪，因此使用反身代词，故填herself。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Yoga makes you feel___15___( relax) and you feel all “at one" with your body. Smith Farm is now offering people the chance ___16___(do) their daily yoga with goats. In fact, the goats don't actually take part in the yoga. They are more for moral support(精神支持), preventing you from getting bred. "It is a wonderful experience,” says Smith, “It may sound silly but it's truly getting outside in nature with beautiful scenery and lovely animals around you. Animals can ___17___(real) help humans deal with stress, illness or sadness.”
【答案】15. relaxed
16. to do 17. really
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是每天与山羊一起做瑜伽，实际上是让你在自然环境中到处走走，欣赏周围美丽的风景和可爱的动物，以帮助人类应对压力，疾病或悲伤。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：瑜伽会让你感觉到放松。feel是联系动词，后面应该接形容词作表语，relax（放松）是动词，它的形容词是relaxed（放松的），故填relaxed。
【16题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这个农场现在提供人们和山羊一起做瑜伽的机会。chance（机会）后面用不定式短语作后置定语，chance to do表示“做某事的机会”，故填to do。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：动物真正地可以帮助人类处理压力、疾病或者是悲伤的情感。此处应该使用副词修饰动词help作状语，real（真的）是形容词，它的副词是really，故填really。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It is easy and very powerful to be kind to those who are kind to you. Yet, to experience the full power of your sincere kindness, offer it to people ___18___ are careless and rude to you. Sure, it is difficult to forgive those who are hurtful lo you. But the way to stop the hurt is by refusing to participate in it. Forgiveness gives you the upper hand. Be the one who is strong, who ___19___(stop) the rudeness. Put the power of kindness ___20___ forgiveness to work for you and your world.
【答案】18. who/that
19. stops 20. and
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是友善的力量，发挥善意的力量为每个人服务。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但是，要体验你真诚的善意的全部力量，请将善意提供给对你粗心和无礼的人。people是定语从句的先行词，此处应该填入关系代词代替people在从句中作主语，故填who或that。
【19题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：做一个坚强，阻止粗鲁的人。根据第一个who引导的定语从句，可知第二个定语从句中的时态为一般现在时，并且who指代先行词the one在从句中作主语，谓语动词应为单数，故填stops。
【20题详解】
考查连词。句意：用善良和宽恕的力量为你服务。kindness（善良）和forgiveness（原谅）是并列的两个名词，故填and。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
For some of us, the excitement of seeing a performance at a European opera house is just not enough. Fortunately, opera houses throughout Europe open their backstage doors to the public. Take advantage of these opportunities to look behind the scenes of some of the world's great opera houses.
Teatro alla Scala Opera House Tours—Milan
Discover the activities within the opera house on a backstage tour of the La Scala theater in Milan. The tour also includes an overview of the history of the theater and guides you through the auditorium(观众席) and the theater boxes.
Paris Opera House Tours—Paris
While it is possible to walk around the public areas of the beautiful Paris Opera House on your own, guided tours are also offered and are led by an English-speaking guide. During the 90- minute tour, you will learn about the theater's history and its architecture. You will also have an opportunity to visit the grand staircase.
Royal Opera House Tours—London
It is one of the most comprehensive of the opera house tours in Europe. The guide at the Royal Opera House takes you through sections of the backstage area to the props (道具) room, where workers build the sets, the costume shop and the ballet studios. There's a chance that you will even catch the ballet dancers backstage in practice in their big ballet studio.
La Fenice Opera House Tours—Venice
Teatro La Fenice in Venice offers a couple of options for visitors. A self-guided tour of the beautiful halls and grounds with a voice guide is available at the box office. Guided tours are also available with an expert that will explain the history of the opera house from its origins to its rebuilding.
21. In which opera house might you be able to see a costume shop backstage?
A. The Teatro alla Scala Opera House B. The Paris Opera House
C. The Royal Opera House D. The La Fenice Opera House
22. What do the above four opera houses have in common?
A. They all offer free guided tours.
B. They all open their backstage areas to the public.
C. They are all free to the public.
D. They are all located in France.
23. Where can we most probably find this text?
A. In a sports magazine B. In an adventure novel
C. In a history book D. On a culture website
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个歌剧院为观众开放后台区域，观众可以利用这些机会来了解世界上一些伟大歌剧院的幕后故事。
21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段The guide at the Royal Opera House takes you through sections of the backstage area to the props (道具) room, where workers build the sets, the costume shop and the ballet studios.可知，皇家歌剧院的导游带您穿越后台区域的各个部分进入道具室，在那里工作人员会制作布景，在后台设置服装店和芭蕾舞工作室。因此根据第四段的标题可知，你可能在Royal Opera House看到布置在后台的服装店。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Fortunately, opera houses throughout Europe open their backstage doors to the public.可知，整个欧洲的歌剧院向公众敞开了歌剧院后台的大门。因此，这四个歌剧院的共同点是它们都向公众开放后台区域。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。文章介绍了四个歌剧院为观众开放后台区域，观众可以利用这些机会来了解世界上一些伟大歌剧院的幕后故事，这是与文化艺术有关的话题。因此，我们最可能在一个有关文化方面的网站上找到这样的文章。故选D。
B
My family lives in Texas. I was born and brought up in Texas and I am a graduate of the University of Texas. However, around my second year in law school, I wanted to make a great change, which was almost unheard of for Texans: I wanted to leave!
I realized this after completing my first-year internship(实习期). I knew I wanted something different and my chance came during the 2011 Super Bowl(橄榄球超级大赛) in Dallas. A snowstorm blanketed the entire city in snow and thousands of people were gathered. I overheard that StubHub, a big company from a great city, San Francisco, was throwing a party next door to my hotel. I thought if I could get an internship, I could leave for the summer and at least see what it was like. Yes, it was a huge leap. I told myself I was ready.
There was just one problem: I wasn’t invited to the StubHub party. But you know I’m the type of person who goes for something she wants. Needless to say, I crashed the party and found my way to the president. I kindly introduced myself and then asked if they had a legal internship program. Guess what? They accepted my request to be a legal intern, even though no such program existed.
The legal department didn’t have a permanent position for me. However, I got many other chances to be a legal intern in other companies. That experience has shaped my life. Working for a great company in San Francisco, I’m incredibly happy for making my decision to leave Texas.
By leaving Texas, I learned that it is so much more rewarding to try the unfamiliar than to stay in the comfort zone. Exploring the unfamiliar is how you’ll understand what fits your life. I say, dive in headfirst.
24. The author was able to leave Texas because__________.
A. she dropped out of the University of Texas
B. she watched the 2011 Super Bowl in Dallas
C. a snowstorm blanketed the entire city in snow
D. she introduced herself to the president of StubHub
25. In the fourth paragraph, what does the underlined word “permanent” mean?
A. suitable B. important
C. long-lasting D. high-respected
26. Which of the following words best describe the author?
A. Patient and honest. B. Smart and humorous.
C. Determined and positive. D. Supportive and energetic.
27. What does the author want to tell us through her experience?
A. You must choose a career that you like.
B. Jumping out of your comfort zone is rewarding.
C. Accepting who you are makes you realize your strengths.
D. You should listen to your family to learn about your potential.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者想要离开出生和长大的地方——德克萨斯州，想做出一个巨大的改变，文章讲述了作者是如何得到离开的机会的。她用亲身经历告知我们：跳出你的舒适区是值得的。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中Needless to say, I crashed the party and found my way to the president. I kindly introduced myself and then asked if they had a legal internship program. Guess what? They accepted my request to be a legal intern, even though no such program existed.不用说，我混进了聚会，找到了见总裁的路。我热情地介绍了自己，然后问他们是否有法律实习项目。你猜怎么着？他们接受了我成为一名法律实习生的请求，尽管当时还没有这样的项目。可知，作者能够离开德克萨斯是因为作者自己向StubHub的总裁做了自我介绍，得到了一个工作。故选D项。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句They accepted my request to be a legal intern, even though no such program existed.他们接受了我成为一名法律实习生的请求，尽管当时还没有这样的项目。以及第四段中划线词所在句The legal department didn’t have a permanent position for me. 法律部没有给我________职位。由实习生可推断作者没有得到一个长期的职位，因此可猜测划线词permanent意为“长期的，永久的”。故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中However, around my second year in law school, I wanted to make a great change, which was almost unheard of for Texans: I wanted to leave!然而，在我法学院的第二年，我想做一个巨大的改变，这对德州人来说几乎是闻所未闻的：我想离开德克萨斯州！可知，作者是一个有决心的人；以及第三段中But you know I'm the type of person who goes for something she wants. 但你知道我是那种追求自己想要的东西的人。 可知，作者是那种努力追求自己想要的东西的人，积极向上。因此，可以判断作者是一个有决心果断而又积极向上的人。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段By leaving Texas, I learned that it is so much more rewarding to try the unfamiliar than to stay in the comfort zone. Exploring the unfamiliar is how you’ll understand what fits your life. I say, dive in headfirst. 离开德克萨斯后，我认识到，尝试不熟悉的东西比呆在舒适的地方更有意义。探索不熟悉的事物是你如何理解什么适合你的生活。我说，一头扎进去。可知，作者用自己的经历中告知我们：跳出你的舒适区是值得的。故选B项。
C
A few weeks ago, I sat with a California farmer named Dave Ribeiro. I asked him what he wished to know about farmers. He smiled and said, “That we walk among you. We look like you and talk like you. We have advanced degrees and hobbies, just like you.”
Take Dave for example: He's a young man with a music degree. And if you walked past him on the street, you'd never think, “There goes a farmer.”
Is someone like Dave who you picture when you think of a farmer? Probably not. I think that most people would picture a man in his overalls(工作服). I can tell you, that does not represent Dave or any of the many other farmers I have gotten to know.
Not only do we have to throw out our previous impression of farmers, but farming as a whole doesn't look much like it used to either. We recently sent a team out to see what modern farming looks like, and they found farmers to be completely different from our usual ideas about them and also came across them in some unexpected places.
In a parking lot in a neighborhood of Brooklyn, they met a new crop of young farmers who were trying to bring fresh greens closer to eaters in the city by growing them in high-tech indoor vertical(垂直的) farms. In a Florida field under the fight path of an airport, they discovered farmers with university degrees growing plants that might someday fuel our cars. And in a modern farm in California, they observed how farmers were using technology to take the best possible care of their animals.
These farmers all spend their days in very different ways—none of them looks like the previous farmer we have in our mind—but they're all working on new ways to feed our planet. Not only do we need to change our idea of what farming looks like, but we also need to change our view of where solutions can come from. Feeding all of us is going to take all of us working together.
28. How does Dave describe today's farmers?
A. They often walk on the street. B. They are leading a very busy life.
C. They are similar to ordinary people. D. They have little time to make friends.
29. How does the author think most people see farmers?
A. They usually wear overalls. B. They have interesting hobbies.
C. They are skilled at growing crops. D. They know modern farming practices.
30. What was the purpose of the team?
A. To deepen connections among farmers.
B. To study different technologies in farming.
C. To find the new developments of modern farming.
D. To encourage farmers to use new farming method.
31. What do the farmers mentioned in Paragraph 5 have in common?
A. They all work in the city.
B. They all use high technology.
C. They all do hard physical work.
D. They all work with universities.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现代的农民采用高科技从事农业活动，农民的形象已经不再是人们过去认为的样子了。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中He smiled and said, “That we walk among you. We look like you and talk like you. We have advanced degrees and hobbies, just like you.”可知，他说：“我们在你们中间行走。我们看起来像你，说话像你。就像您一样，我们拥有高级的学位和爱好，因此Dave认为今天的农民和普通人一样，C 项符合题意。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中Is someone like Dave who you picture when you think of a farmer? Probably not. I think that most people would picture a man in his overalls(工作服)可知，当您想到一个农民时，您会想到他们会是像戴夫（Dave）这样的人吗？可能不会。我认为大多数人会通过工作服来想象一个人，因此在作者看来大多数人会认为农民常穿工作服，A 项符合题意。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段We recently sent a team out to see what modern farming looks like可知，我们派出了一个小组来考察现代农业的面貌，这与C项（寻找现代农业的新发展）的描述相符。故选C。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段中a new crop of young farmers who were trying to bring fresh greens closer to eaters in the city by growing them in high-tech indoor vertical(垂直的) farms; farmers with university degrees growing plants that might someday fuel our cars; farmers were using technology to take the best possible care of their animals.可知，调查小组发现农民在高科技的室内垂直农场中种植新鲜蔬菜；农民拥有大学学位，种植的植物有朝一日可以为我们的汽车加油。一个现代化农场中，农民利用技术来尽可能地照顾好动物，因此这些农民的共同点在于他们都使用了高科技来从事现代农业工作，B 项符合题意。故选B。
【点睛】如何回答细节理解题？
提问文章细节的选择题一般针对文章中某个特定细节或涉及若干细节。一般来说，围绕文章细节的命题大部分题目都可以在原文中找到答案，或者需要稍微变通一下，寻找文中关键词的同义词或释意，这是表层理解。有的则需要加以分析、推断、计算；具备一定的背景知识；通过某种暗示、语法关系或人物关系来判断，这是深层理解。例如小题4，通过第五段中a new crop of young farmers who were trying to bring fresh greens closer to eaters in the city by growing them in high-tech indoor vertical(垂直的) farms; farmers with university degrees growing plants that might someday fuel our cars; farmers were using technology to take the best possible care of their animals. 这几句对于农民的描述，可总结出农民的共同特点是在从事现代农业工作时使用高科技，这需要考生进行总结归纳。
D
Enjoy the challenge of a new term
The new term is finally here, which means, of course, it’s time to return to school.
For many students across China, that also means having to leave home for the next several months and move into a school dormitory.
Being away from our family for a long time, however, often leads to homesickness, a feeling that most students have experienced at some point.
A study by the UK’s National Union of Students found that up to 70 percent of UK students living away from home experience homesickness within their first few weeks of being away.
But homesickness isn’t just a feeling of sadness that happens in our mind; it can also affect us physically.
“You feel homesickness in your stomach—it’s an unease in which you feel uncomfortable, nervous, stressed because you’re in a place or situation that’s not familiar,” Joshua Klapow, a professor of public heath at the University of Alabama, us, told HuffPost.
According to Klapow, the body reacts physically when it’s placed in an unknown situation such as being separated from one’s familiar surroundings for a long time.
“It’s an evolutionary (进化的) thing that makes us protect ourselves from danger when something is unknown,” he told the HuffPost.
“When we think about home, we know that the sense of unknown … is not happening there, so we want to return.”
So, how can we overcome these physical reactions?
Ruth Hardy of the Guardian offered advice for students who are feeling the effects of being away from the safety of home.
“Try and establish routines (常规) quickly. This can make your new environment feel more stable and will hopefully make you feel more settled,” she wrote.
Making friends with others who are in your situation is also a great way to feel less homesick, according to Hardy.
The most important thing to remember, however, is that homesickness is completely normal and is nothing to be ashamed of.
And once it’s gone, you’re free to enjoy the adventures and challenges of a brand new school year.
32. The study by the UK’s National Union of Students is mentioned to ________.
A. show how homesickness causes harm to students
B. prove it’s common for students to feel homesick
C. introduce some causes of homesickness
D. show how all young people are troubled by homesickness
33. What can we learn about homesickness?
A. It’s only a feeling in our mind.
B It usually disappears after a few weeks.
C. It has a physical influence on our body.
D. It always happens once we visit an unfamiliar place.
34. How does Hardy suggest people deal with homesickness?
A. Take part in as many activities as possible.
B. Talk about your problems with your friends.
C. Get into a routine as early as possible.
D. Avoid seeing things related to your home life.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大多数学生在离开家一段时间后会有想家的感觉，但是想家是完全正常的，不要感到羞耻。克服了这种感受，你就可以自由地享受全新的学年。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“A study by the UK’s National Union of Students found that up to 70 percent of UK students living away from home experience homesickness within their first few weeks of being away.(英国全国学生联合会(National Union of Students)的一项研究发现，高达70%的离家在外的英国学生在离家的前几周会想家。)”可知，提到英国全国学生联合会的研究是为了证明学生想家是很正常的，故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“But homesickness isn’t just a feeling of sadness that happens in our mind; it can also affect us physically.(但是想家不仅仅是一种发生在我们脑海中的悲伤的感觉；它还会影响我们的身体。)”可知，想家对我们的身体有影响。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节判断题。根据倒数第四段“Try and establish routines (常规) quickly. This can make your new environment feel more stable and will hopefully make you feel more settled(试着快速建立日常常规。这会让你的新环境感觉更稳定，也有希望让你感觉更安定)”可知，Hardy建议人们尽早建立日常常规来应对思乡之情。故选C。
第二节（共 5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How old is “old”?
How old is “old”? ___35___ More than two hundred years ago, you were old at 35. That was the average life then. At the turn of the 20th century, as medical knowledge advanced, the average life span (长度) increased to 45. In 1950, 70-year-olds were really old. Today, a healthy 70-year-old is looking forward to many more active years.
So, how old is old? The answer is one you’ve heard many times, from all sorts of people. “You are as old or young as you feel!” The calendar (日历) simply tells you how many years you have lived. ___36___
Once an unknown author wrote, “Youth is not a time of life but it is a state of mind. Nobody grows old by living a number of years. ___37___”
___38___ Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age!’ What does that mean? Is there some model that you’re supposed to look a certain way at 65 and 75 and 85? You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80.”
There are many wrong ideas about aging. ___39___ Here are some of the more common ones. For example most older people are in poor health, or older people are unable to change.
A. Old is a point of view.
B. It’s extremely terrible to be grown old.
C. The answer has changed over the years.
D. Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.
E. Older people are stubborn, unable to change.
F. People grow old by giving up their goals.
G. These ideas stereotype (固化) people on the basis of age.
【答案】35. C 36. D 37. F 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是到底多少岁算老，其实这和心态有关。
【35题详解】
空格前的“How old is “old”?（“老”是多少岁？）”是一个问题，因此空格处给出回答，C选项“The answer has changed over the years.（多年来，答案一直在变化。）”中的“The answer”和前面的问题相承接，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
【36题详解】
空格前说““You are as old or young as you feel!” The calendar (日历) simply tells you how many years you have lived.（“你觉得自己年轻还是老，你就有多年轻!”日历只是告诉你你活了多少年。）”，接下来应说到自己是年轻还是老是由除了日历以外的东西来告诉你的，D选项“Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.（你的身体告诉你你过得有多好。）”说明了身体状况会告诉你你是年轻还是老，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
【37题详解】
空格前说“Nobody grows old by living a number of years.（没有人会因为活了几年而变老。）”，F选项“People grow old by giving up their goals.（人因放弃目标而变老。）”在句式上和前面一致，形成句式上的重复，且在语义上和上文相互承接，因此F选项符合语境，故选F。
【38题详解】
空格后说“Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age!’（爱丽丝·布罗菲(Alice Brophy)在纽约市老龄化委员会工作时表示，“当人们说，‘哎呀，你看起来比实际年龄年轻!）”，这说明老只是人们的一种观点，A选项“Old is a point of view.（老是一种观点。）”正好说明了这一点，因此A选项符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
空格前说“There are many wrong ideas about aging.（关于衰老有许多错误的观点。）”，G选项“These ideas stereotype (固化) people on the basis of age.（这些观念因年龄而使人产生成见。）”中的“These ideas”指代前面的“wrong ideas”，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）
阅读下面短文并按要求完成阅读任务。请将答案书写在答题纸相应位置。
Most cultures have a festival of light. Each culture celebrates this festival in a different way. There is one thing that is the same, however, and this is the wish for peace and happiness in the world.
The Jewish Festival of Light is called Hanukkah. Hanukkah usually takes place in December. The story of why Hanukkah is celebrated is very old. It is told that a very long time ago, Jewish people called the Macabees were at war with a country called Syria. On the day that the Macabees won the war, they cleaned up their holy place, which is called a temple, because the Syrian people had been living there. They wanted to light their holy lamps to say thank you for the end of the war, but found only a very small amount of oil left over to do that. The Macabees lit the lamps anyway, thinking that they would soon go out. The lamps kept burning for eight days! The Jewish people celebrate Hanukkah every year by lighting a candlestick that has eight candleholders. Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together. Presents are given at this time and money is given to the poor.
Lanterns are another form of light. In China, lanterns are famous works of art. The Lantern Festival goes back more than 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. It takes place on the 15th day of the Chinese New Year, bringing the New Year season to a close. During the festival, parks become a sea of lanterns. Sometimes streets are blocked off and lanterns are put down on each side to make a hallway of lanterns. People also hang lanterns in their gardens, outside their houses or on boats. The lanterns are made in many shapes, sizes and colours. They are usually made from silk, paper and plastic. Some are even made from ice. It is believed that these lanterns will guide visitors and the spirits of ancestors to the celebrations. The Lantern Festival is a time for families, young and old to spend together. Every New Year the wish is the same—peace and happiness to all.
40. What’s the same with the festivals of light in different cultures? (不超过11个单词)
41. Why do the Jewish light a new candle every night during the festival? (不超过12个单词)
42. What festival brings an end to the new year season? (不超过5个单词)
43. What is the purpose of this article? (不超过8个单词)
【答案】40. The wish for peace and happiness in the world
41. To ensure all eight candles stand together on the eighth night
42. The Lantern Festival
43. To introduce festivals of light from two cultures
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。许多文化中都有庆祝光明的节日，文章中介绍了犹太人的光明节和中国的元宵节。
【40题详解】
根据第一段最后一句“There is one thing that is the same, however, and this is the wish for peace and happiness in the world.”可知，各个文化中庆祝光明的节日有一点是相同的，也就是对于世界和平和福祉的祈愿。可以据此回答为：The wish for peace and happiness in the world。
【41题详解】
根据第二段倒数第二句“Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together.”可知，每晚点亮一支新蜡烛是为了保证在第八天晚上，全部八支蜡烛能齐亮。可以据此回答为：To ensure all eight candles stand together on the eighth night。
【42题详解】
根据第三段第二、三句“The Lantern Festival goes back more than 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. It takes place on the 15thday of the Chinese New Year, bringing the New Year season to a close.”可知，正是元宵节宣告了中国新年的结束。可以据此回答为：The Lantern Festival。
【43题详解】
根据文章首句“Most cultures have a festival of light.”并结合全文内容可知，该篇文章就是在以犹太人的光明节和中国的元宵节为例，介绍不同文化中的庆祝光明的节日。可以据此回答为：To introduce festivals of light from two cultures
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim计划今年来中国过春节，发邮件向你询问有关春节的习俗。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1．表示欢迎；
2．介绍春节的习俗（大扫除、看春晚、吃饺子、收红包等）；
3．建议他准备保暖衣物。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】参考答案：
Dear Jim
I am so delighted to hear from you. Welcome to spend the Spring Festival in China!
There are some interesting customs during the Spring Festival. We do a thorough cleaning before the festival and put paper cutting on windows to decorate the room. Usually, we stay up to watch the Spring Festival Gala. Children will receive red-bags and family will eat dumplings together. There are also some other activities, such as dancing or setting off fireworks.
Normally, the weather during the festival is rather cold, so you’d better take some warm clothes.
I’m sure you will have a good time and spend a wonderful festival. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于告知信。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回信，给他介绍与春节有关的习俗。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted → pleased/glad
在……期间：during → in
全面的：thorough → complete
极好的：wonderful → excellent/super
2.句式拓展
原句：Usually, we stay up to watch the Spring Festival Gala.
拓展句：Usually, we stay up to watch the Spring Festival Gala, which is usually a feast for our eyes.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Usually, we stay up to watch the Spring Festival Gala.(运用了动词不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] I’m sure you will have a good time and spend a wonderful festival. (运用了省略连词的宾语从句)
2022-2023高一年级第一学期期末试题
英语
本试卷共7页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I look back at the first half of the year, I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through. But the biggest one was definitely my high school graduation ___1___.
When I first arrived in the Czech Republic (捷克) four years ago, I was just a normal exchange ___2___ who spoke only English. Then at the end of the year-long exchange program, I came up with the idea of ___3___ my high school studies there.
At that time I was only sixteen and delighted by my new future. But I didn’t realize the ___4___ of completing school in the Czech language, which is considered to be one of the most popular ___5___ in the world. As I lacked (缺少) ___6___ of certain subjects, I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate. However, I practiced all the time. Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently and my ___7___ grew.
The final exam day came. Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey, I felt ___8___ and confident.
In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam. At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone. “One student, she is from China with only three years of learning Czech, she ____10____.”
My journey through high school was finally finished. Though the journey of university is just about to begin, I think I am ready.
1. A. speech B. exam C. present D. custom
2. A. teacher B. expert C. engineer D. student
3. A. finishing B. canceling C. examining D. preparing
4. A. value B. ability C. challenge D. benefit
5. A. places B. music C. songs D. languages
6. A. knowledge B. letter C. luck D. magazine
7. A. money B. fear C. confidence D. worry
8. A. sad B. troubled C. terrible D. encouraged
9. A. passed B. failed C. avoided D. missed
10. A. got away B. broke down C. made it D. calmed down
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者在捷克努力学习，最终通过考试的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最大的一次考试肯定是我的高中毕业考试。A. speech演讲；B. exam考试；C. present礼物；D. custom习俗。根据上文“I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through”和下文“In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam.”可知，作者最大的挑战是毕业考试。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：四年前，当我第一次来到捷克共和国时，我只是一个只会说英语的普通交换生。A. teacher老师；B. expert专家；C. engineer工程师；D. student学生。根据“I came up with the idea of ___3___ my high school studies there.”可知，作者是个学生。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在为期一年的交换项目结束时，我萌生了在那里完成高中学业的想法。A. finishing完成；B. canceling取消；C. examining检查；D. preparing准备。根据下文“But I didn’t realize the ___4___ of completing school in the Czech language”可知，作者想要在那里完成高中学业。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我没有意识到用捷克语完成学业的挑战，捷克语被认为是世界上最流行的语言之一。A. value价值；B. ability能力；C. challenge挑战；D. benefit益处。根据上文“I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through.”可知，此处是信息词challenge的词汇复现。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. places地点；B. music音乐；C. songs歌曲；D. languages语言。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代Czech language，此处表示捷克语被认为是世界上最流行的语言之一。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我缺乏某些学科的知识，我得到了最差的分数，周围的人怀疑我是否能毕业。A. knowledge知识；B. letter信；C. luck运气；D. magazine杂志。根据下文“I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate.”可知，作者由于缺乏某些学科知识，导致成绩差，不知能否毕业。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我可以流利地与人交流，我的信心也增加了。A. money钱；B. fear害怕；C. confidence自信；D. worry担心。根据上文“However, I practiced all the time.”和下文“Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently”可知，作者的自信心加强了。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想到一路上帮助和支持我的每一个人，我感到鼓舞和自信。A. sad难过的；B. troubled麻烦的；C. terrible可怕的；D. encouraged感到鼓舞的。根据“Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey”可知，作者受到许多支持者、帮助者的鼓舞。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在五月，我收到通知，我已经通过了考试。A. passed通过；B. failed失败；C. avoided避免；D. missed错过，思念。根据下文“At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone.”可知，作者收到考试通过的通知。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：“有一个学生，她来自中国，只学了三年捷克语，她成功了。”A. got away离开；B. broke down分解，出故障；C. made it获得成功；D. calmed down冷静。根据“In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam.”可知，作者最终通过了考试，获得了成功。故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My husband was looking___11___our two little nieces. They started crying when my husband cooked lunch. He ran into the room and___12___(see) a small scorpion(蝎子), so my husband picked it up. The older girl said, "Girls can't deal with it." My husband told her, "you never have to be afraid of something only because you’re a gin. You are as smart and strong as any boy.” He held the scorpion's tail with his___13___(finger). The girl asked to hold it. So my husband put it on her hands while he held the tail. She was so proud of___14___(her) that she talked about it until she went to sleep.
【答案】11. after
12. saw 13. fingers
14. herself
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲的是“我”丈夫在照看两个小侄女时，因为一只小蝎子两个女孩哭叫起来，在丈夫的鼓励下，大侄女勇敢地尝试拿一下这只蝎子，她为自己感到骄傲，一直谈论到睡觉。
【11题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我丈夫正在照顾我们的两个小侄女。根据后文，我的丈夫跑进屋内查看发生了什么事情，可知丈夫是在照顾两个小侄女。look after照顾，是固定短语，故填after。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：他跑进房间，看见一只小蝎子，所以我丈夫把它捡了起来。see和ran into是并列的谓语动词，因此应该使用一般过去时，故填saw。
【13题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他用手指握住蝎子的尾巴。根据常识判断，丈夫用手握住蝎子的尾巴，应该是使用不止一只手指，因此finger要使用复数形式，故填fingers。
【14题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：她为自己感到自豪，一直谈论到睡觉。侄女对“自己”感到很自豪，因此使用反身代词，故填herself。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Yoga makes you feel___15___( relax) and you feel all “at one" with your body. Smith Farm is now offering people the chance ___16___(do) their daily yoga with goats. In fact, the goats don't actually take part in the yoga. They are more for moral support(精神支持), preventing you from getting bred. "It is a wonderful experience,” says Smith, “It may sound silly but it's truly getting outside in nature with beautiful scenery and lovely animals around you. Animals can ___17___(real) help humans deal with stress, illness or sadness.”
【答案】15. relaxed
16. to do 17. really
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是每天与山羊一起做瑜伽，实际上是让你在自然环境中到处走走，欣赏周围美丽的风景和可爱的动物，以帮助人类应对压力，疾病或悲伤。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：瑜伽会让你感觉到放松。feel是联系动词，后面应该接形容词作表语，relax（放松）是动词，它的形容词是relaxed（放松的），故填relaxed。
【16题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这个农场现在提供人们和山羊一起做瑜伽的机会。chance（机会）后面用不定式短语作后置定语，chance to do表示“做某事的机会”，故填to do。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：动物真正地可以帮助人类处理压力、疾病或者是悲伤的情感。此处应该使用副词修饰动词help作状语，real（真的）是形容词，它的副词是really，故填really。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It is easy and very powerful to be kind to those who are kind to you. Yet, to experience the full power of your sincere kindness, offer it to people ___18___ are careless and rude to you. Sure, it is difficult to forgive those who are hurtful lo you. But the way to stop the hurt is by refusing to participate in it. Forgiveness gives you the upper hand. Be the one who is strong, who ___19___(stop) the rudeness. Put the power of kindness ___20___ forgiveness to work for you and your world.
【答案】18. who/that
19. stops 20. and
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是友善的力量，发挥善意的力量为每个人服务。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但是，要体验你真诚的善意的全部力量，请将善意提供给对你粗心和无礼的人。people是定语从句的先行词，此处应该填入关系代词代替people在从句中作主语，故填who或that。
【19题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：做一个坚强，阻止粗鲁的人。根据第一个who引导的定语从句，可知第二个定语从句中的时态为一般现在时，并且who指代先行词the one在从句中作主语，谓语动词应为单数，故填stops。
【20题详解】
考查连词。句意：用善良和宽恕的力量为你服务。kindness（善良）和forgiveness（原谅）是并列的两个名词，故填and。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
For some of us, the excitement of seeing a performance at a European opera house is just not enough. Fortunately, opera houses throughout Europe open their backstage doors to the public. Take advantage of these opportunities to look behind the scenes of some of the world's great opera houses.
Teatro alla Scala Opera House Tours—Milan
Discover the activities within the opera house on a backstage tour of the La Scala theater in Milan. The tour also includes an overview of the history of the theater and guides you through the auditorium(观众席) and the theater boxes.
Paris Opera House Tours—Paris
While it is possible to walk around the public areas of the beautiful Paris Opera House on your own, guided tours are also offered and are led by an English-speaking guide. During the 90- minute tour, you will learn about the theater's history and its architecture. You will also have an opportunity to visit the grand staircase.
Royal Opera House Tours—London
It is one of the most comprehensive of the opera house tours in Europe. The guide at the Royal Opera House takes you through sections of the backstage area to the props (道具) room, where workers build the sets, the costume shop and the ballet studios. There's a chance that you will even catch the ballet dancers backstage in practice in their big ballet studio.
La Fenice Opera House Tours—Venice
Teatro La Fenice in Venice offers a couple of options for visitors. A self-guided tour of the beautiful halls and grounds with a voice guide is available at the box office. Guided tours are also available with an expert that will explain the history of the opera house from its origins to its rebuilding.
21. In which opera house might you be able to see a costume shop backstage?
A. The Teatro alla Scala Opera House B. The Paris Opera House
C. The Royal Opera House D. The La Fenice Opera House
22. What do the above four opera houses have in common?
A. They all offer free guided tours.
B. They all open their backstage areas to the public.
C. They are all free to the public.
D. They are all located in France.
23. Where can we most probably find this text?
A. In a sports magazine B. In an adventure novel
C. In a history book D. On a culture website
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个歌剧院为观众开放后台区域，观众可以利用这些机会来了解世界上一些伟大歌剧院的幕后故事。
21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段The guide at the Royal Opera House takes you through sections of the backstage area to the props (道具) room, where workers build the sets, the costume shop and the ballet studios.可知，皇家歌剧院的导游带您穿越后台区域的各个部分进入道具室，在那里工作人员会制作布景，在后台设置服装店和芭蕾舞工作室。因此根据第四段的标题可知，你可能在Royal Opera House看到布置在后台的服装店。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Fortunately, opera houses throughout Europe open their backstage doors to the public.可知，整个欧洲的歌剧院向公众敞开了歌剧院后台的大门。因此，这四个歌剧院的共同点是它们都向公众开放后台区域。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。文章介绍了四个歌剧院为观众开放后台区域，观众可以利用这些机会来了解世界上一些伟大歌剧院的幕后故事，这是与文化艺术有关的话题。因此，我们最可能在一个有关文化方面的网站上找到这样的文章。故选D。
B
My family lives in Texas. I was born and brought up in Texas and I am a graduate of the University of Texas. However, around my second year in law school, I wanted to make a great change, which was almost unheard of for Texans: I wanted to leave!
I realized this after completing my first-year internship(实习期). I knew I wanted something different and my chance came during the 2011 Super Bowl(橄榄球超级大赛) in Dallas. A snowstorm blanketed the entire city in snow and thousands of people were gathered. I overheard that StubHub, a big company from a great city, San Francisco, was throwing a party next door to my hotel. I thought if I could get an internship, I could leave for the summer and at least see what it was like. Yes, it was a huge leap. I told myself I was ready.
There was just one problem: I wasn’t invited to the StubHub party. But you know I’m the type of person who goes for something she wants. Needless to say, I crashed the party and found my way to the president. I kindly introduced myself and then asked if they had a legal internship program. Guess what? They accepted my request to be a legal intern, even though no such program existed.
The legal department didn’t have a permanent position for me. However, I got many other chances to be a legal intern in other companies. That experience has shaped my life. Working for a great company in San Francisco, I’m incredibly happy for making my decision to leave Texas.
By leaving Texas, I learned that it is so much more rewarding to try the unfamiliar than to stay in the comfort zone. Exploring the unfamiliar is how you’ll understand what fits your life. I say, dive in headfirst.
24. The author was able to leave Texas because__________.
A. she dropped out of the University of Texas
B. she watched the 2011 Super Bowl in Dallas
C. a snowstorm blanketed the entire city in snow
D. she introduced herself to the president of StubHub
25. In the fourth paragraph, what does the underlined word “permanent” mean?
A. suitable B. important
C. long-lasting D. high-respected
26. Which of the following words best describe the author?
A. Patient and honest. B. Smart and humorous.
C. Determined and positive. D. Supportive and energetic.
27. What does the author want to tell us through her experience?
A. You must choose a career that you like.
B. Jumping out of your comfort zone is rewarding.
C. Accepting who you are makes you realize your strengths.
D. You should listen to your family to learn about your potential.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者想要离开出生和长大的地方——德克萨斯州，想做出一个巨大的改变，文章讲述了作者是如何得到离开的机会的。她用亲身经历告知我们：跳出你的舒适区是值得的。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中Needless to say, I crashed the party and found my way to the president. I kindly introduced myself and then asked if they had a legal internship program. Guess what? They accepted my request to be a legal intern, even though no such program existed.不用说，我混进了聚会，找到了见总裁的路。我热情地介绍了自己，然后问他们是否有法律实习项目。你猜怎么着？他们接受了我成为一名法律实习生的请求，尽管当时还没有这样的项目。可知，作者能够离开德克萨斯是因为作者自己向StubHub的总裁做了自我介绍，得到了一个工作。故选D项。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句They accepted my request to be a legal intern, even though no such program existed.他们接受了我成为一名法律实习生的请求，尽管当时还没有这样的项目。以及第四段中划线词所在句The legal department didn’t have a permanent position for me. 法律部没有给我________职位。由实习生可推断作者没有得到一个长期的职位，因此可猜测划线词permanent意为“长期的，永久的”。故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中However, around my second year in law school, I wanted to make a great change, which was almost unheard of for Texans: I wanted to leave!然而，在我法学院的第二年，我想做一个巨大的改变，这对德州人来说几乎是闻所未闻的：我想离开德克萨斯州！可知，作者是一个有决心的人；以及第三段中But you know I'm the type of person who goes for something she wants. 但你知道我是那种追求自己想要的东西的人。 可知，作者是那种努力追求自己想要的东西的人，积极向上。因此，可以判断作者是一个有决心果断而又积极向上的人。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段By leaving Texas, I learned that it is so much more rewarding to try the unfamiliar than to stay in the comfort zone. Exploring the unfamiliar is how you’ll understand what fits your life. I say, dive in headfirst. 离开德克萨斯后，我认识到，尝试不熟悉的东西比呆在舒适的地方更有意义。探索不熟悉的事物是你如何理解什么适合你的生活。我说，一头扎进去。可知，作者用自己的经历中告知我们：跳出你的舒适区是值得的。故选B项。
C
A few weeks ago, I sat with a California farmer named Dave Ribeiro. I asked him what he wished to know about farmers. He smiled and said, “That we walk among you. We look like you and talk like you. We have advanced degrees and hobbies, just like you.”
Take Dave for example: He's a young man with a music degree. And if you walked past him on the street, you'd never think, “There goes a farmer.”
Is someone like Dave who you picture when you think of a farmer? Probably not. I think that most people would picture a man in his overalls(工作服). I can tell you, that does not represent Dave or any of the many other farmers I have gotten to know.
Not only do we have to throw out our previous impression of farmers, but farming as a whole doesn't look much like it used to either. We recently sent a team out to see what modern farming looks like, and they found farmers to be completely different from our usual ideas about them and also came across them in some unexpected places.
In a parking lot in a neighborhood of Brooklyn, they met a new crop of young farmers who were trying to bring fresh greens closer to eaters in the city by growing them in high-tech indoor vertical(垂直的) farms. In a Florida field under the fight path of an airport, they discovered farmers with university degrees growing plants that might someday fuel our cars. And in a modern farm in California, they observed how farmers were using technology to take the best possible care of their animals.
These farmers all spend their days in very different ways—none of them looks like the previous farmer we have in our mind—but they're all working on new ways to feed our planet. Not only do we need to change our idea of what farming looks like, but we also need to change our view of where solutions can come from. Feeding all of us is going to take all of us working together.
28. How does Dave describe today's farmers?
A. They often walk on the street. B. They are leading a very busy life.
C. They are similar to ordinary people. D. They have little time to make friends.
29. How does the author think most people see farmers?
A. They usually wear overalls. B. They have interesting hobbies.
C. They are skilled at growing crops. D. They know modern farming practices.
30. What was the purpose of the team?
A. To deepen connections among farmers.
B. To study different technologies in farming.
C. To find the new developments of modern farming.
D. To encourage farmers to use new farming method.
31. What do the farmers mentioned in Paragraph 5 have in common?
A. They all work in the city.
B. They all use high technology.
C. They all do hard physical work.
D. They all work with universities.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现代的农民采用高科技从事农业活动，农民的形象已经不再是人们过去认为的样子了。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中He smiled and said, “That we walk among you. We look like you and talk like you. We have advanced degrees and hobbies, just like you.”可知，他说：“我们在你们中间行走。我们看起来像你，说话像你。就像您一样，我们拥有高级的学位和爱好，因此Dave认为今天的农民和普通人一样，C 项符合题意。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中Is someone like Dave who you picture when you think of a farmer? Probably not. I think that most people would picture a man in his overalls(工作服)可知，当您想到一个农民时，您会想到他们会是像戴夫（Dave）这样的人吗？可能不会。我认为大多数人会通过工作服来想象一个人，因此在作者看来大多数人会认为农民常穿工作服，A 项符合题意。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段We recently sent a team out to see what modern farming looks like可知，我们派出了一个小组来考察现代农业的面貌，这与C项（寻找现代农业的新发展）的描述相符。故选C。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段中a new crop of young farmers who were trying to bring fresh greens closer to eaters in the city by growing them in high-tech indoor vertical(垂直的) farms; farmers with university degrees growing plants that might someday fuel our cars; farmers were using technology to take the best possible care of their animals.可知，调查小组发现农民在高科技的室内垂直农场中种植新鲜蔬菜；农民拥有大学学位，种植的植物有朝一日可以为我们的汽车加油。一个现代化农场中，农民利用技术来尽可能地照顾好动物，因此这些农民的共同点在于他们都使用了高科技来从事现代农业工作，B 项符合题意。故选B。
【点睛】如何回答细节理解题？
提问文章细节的选择题一般针对文章中某个特定细节或涉及若干细节。一般来说，围绕文章细节的命题大部分题目都可以在原文中找到答案，或者需要稍微变通一下，寻找文中关键词的同义词或释意，这是表层理解。有的则需要加以分析、推断、计算；具备一定的背景知识；通过某种暗示、语法关系或人物关系来判断，这是深层理解。例如小题4，通过第五段中a new crop of young farmers who were trying to bring fresh greens closer to eaters in the city by growing them in high-tech indoor vertical(垂直的) farms; farmers with university degrees growing plants that might someday fuel our cars; farmers were using technology to take the best possible care of their animals. 这几句对于农民的描述，可总结出农民的共同特点是在从事现代农业工作时使用高科技，这需要考生进行总结归纳。
D
Enjoy the challenge of a new term
The new term is finally here, which means, of course, it’s time to return to school.
For many students across China, that also means having to leave home for the next several months and move into a school dormitory.
Being away from our family for a long time, however, often leads to homesickness, a feeling that most students have experienced at some point.
A study by the UK’s National Union of Students found that up to 70 percent of UK students living away from home experience homesickness within their first few weeks of being away.
But homesickness isn’t just a feeling of sadness that happens in our mind; it can also affect us physically.
“You feel homesickness in your stomach—it’s an unease in which you feel uncomfortable, nervous, stressed because you’re in a place or situation that’s not familiar,” Joshua Klapow, a professor of public heath at the University of Alabama, us, told HuffPost.
According to Klapow, the body reacts physically when it’s placed in an unknown situation such as being separated from one’s familiar surroundings for a long time.
“It’s an evolutionary (进化的) thing that makes us protect ourselves from danger when something is unknown,” he told the HuffPost.
“When we think about home, we know that the sense of unknown … is not happening there, so we want to return.”
So, how can we overcome these physical reactions?
Ruth Hardy of the Guardian offered advice for students who are feeling the effects of being away from the safety of home.
“Try and establish routines (常规) quickly. This can make your new environment feel more stable and will hopefully make you feel more settled,” she wrote.
Making friends with others who are in your situation is also a great way to feel less homesick, according to Hardy.
The most important thing to remember, however, is that homesickness is completely normal and is nothing to be ashamed of.
And once it’s gone, you’re free to enjoy the adventures and challenges of a brand new school year.
32. The study by the UK’s National Union of Students is mentioned to ________.
A. show how homesickness causes harm to students
B. prove it’s common for students to feel homesick
C. introduce some causes of homesickness
D. show how all young people are troubled by homesickness
33. What can we learn about homesickness?
A. It’s only a feeling in our mind.
B It usually disappears after a few weeks.
C. It has a physical influence on our body.
D. It always happens once we visit an unfamiliar place.
34. How does Hardy suggest people deal with homesickness?
A. Take part in as many activities as possible.
B. Talk about your problems with your friends.
C. Get into a routine as early as possible.
D. Avoid seeing things related to your home life.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大多数学生在离开家一段时间后会有想家的感觉，但是想家是完全正常的，不要感到羞耻。克服了这种感受，你就可以自由地享受全新的学年。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“A study by the UK’s National Union of Students found that up to 70 percent of UK students living away from home experience homesickness within their first few weeks of being away.(英国全国学生联合会(National Union of Students)的一项研究发现，高达70%的离家在外的英国学生在离家的前几周会想家。)”可知，提到英国全国学生联合会的研究是为了证明学生想家是很正常的，故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“But homesickness isn’t just a feeling of sadness that happens in our mind; it can also affect us physically.(但是想家不仅仅是一种发生在我们脑海中的悲伤的感觉；它还会影响我们的身体。)”可知，想家对我们的身体有影响。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节判断题。根据倒数第四段“Try and establish routines (常规) quickly. This can make your new environment feel more stable and will hopefully make you feel more settled(试着快速建立日常常规。这会让你的新环境感觉更稳定，也有希望让你感觉更安定)”可知，Hardy建议人们尽早建立日常常规来应对思乡之情。故选C。
第二节（共 5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How old is “old”?
How old is “old”? ___35___ More than two hundred years ago, you were old at 35. That was the average life then. At the turn of the 20th century, as medical knowledge advanced, the average life span (长度) increased to 45. In 1950, 70-year-olds were really old. Today, a healthy 70-year-old is looking forward to many more active years.
So, how old is old? The answer is one you’ve heard many times, from all sorts of people. “You are as old or young as you feel!” The calendar (日历) simply tells you how many years you have lived. ___36___
Once an unknown author wrote, “Youth is not a time of life but it is a state of mind. Nobody grows old by living a number of years. ___37___”
___38___ Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age!’ What does that mean? Is there some model that you’re supposed to look a certain way at 65 and 75 and 85? You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80.”
There are many wrong ideas about aging. ___39___ Here are some of the more common ones. For example most older people are in poor health, or older people are unable to change.
A. Old is a point of view.
B. It’s extremely terrible to be grown old.
C. The answer has changed over the years.
D. Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.
E. Older people are stubborn, unable to change.
F. People grow old by giving up their goals.
G. These ideas stereotype (固化) people on the basis of age.
【答案】35. C 36. D 37. F 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是到底多少岁算老，其实这和心态有关。
【35题详解】
空格前的“How old is “old”?（“老”是多少岁？）”是一个问题，因此空格处给出回答，C选项“The answer has changed over the years.（多年来，答案一直在变化。）”中的“The answer”和前面的问题相承接，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
【36题详解】
空格前说““You are as old or young as you feel!” The calendar (日历) simply tells you how many years you have lived.（“你觉得自己年轻还是老，你就有多年轻!”日历只是告诉你你活了多少年。）”，接下来应说到自己是年轻还是老是由除了日历以外的东西来告诉你的，D选项“Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.（你的身体告诉你你过得有多好。）”说明了身体状况会告诉你你是年轻还是老，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
【37题详解】
空格前说“Nobody grows old by living a number of years.（没有人会因为活了几年而变老。）”，F选项“People grow old by giving up their goals.（人因放弃目标而变老。）”在句式上和前面一致，形成句式上的重复，且在语义上和上文相互承接，因此F选项符合语境，故选F。
【38题详解】
空格后说“Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age!’（爱丽丝·布罗菲(Alice Brophy)在纽约市老龄化委员会工作时表示，“当人们说，‘哎呀，你看起来比实际年龄年轻!）”，这说明老只是人们的一种观点，A选项“Old is a point of view.（老是一种观点。）”正好说明了这一点，因此A选项符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
空格前说“There are many wrong ideas about aging.（关于衰老有许多错误的观点。）”，G选项“These ideas stereotype (固化) people on the basis of age.（这些观念因年龄而使人产生成见。）”中的“These ideas”指代前面的“wrong ideas”，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）
阅读下面短文并按要求完成阅读任务。请将答案书写在答题纸相应位置。
Most cultures have a festival of light. Each culture celebrates this festival in a different way. There is one thing that is the same, however, and this is the wish for peace and happiness in the world.
The Jewish Festival of Light is called Hanukkah. Hanukkah usually takes place in December. The story of why Hanukkah is celebrated is very old. It is told that a very long time ago, Jewish people called the Macabees were at war with a country called Syria. On the day that the Macabees won the war, they cleaned up their holy place, which is called a temple, because the Syrian people had been living there. They wanted to light their holy lamps to say thank you for the end of the war, but found only a very small amount of oil left over to do that. The Macabees lit the lamps anyway, thinking that they would soon go out. The lamps kept burning for eight days! The Jewish people celebrate Hanukkah every year by lighting a candlestick that has eight candleholders. Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together. Presents are given at this time and money is given to the poor.
Lanterns are another form of light. In China, lanterns are famous works of art. The Lantern Festival goes back more than 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. It takes place on the 15th day of the Chinese New Year, bringing the New Year season to a close. During the festival, parks become a sea of lanterns. Sometimes streets are blocked off and lanterns are put down on each side to make a hallway of lanterns. People also hang lanterns in their gardens, outside their houses or on boats. The lanterns are made in many shapes, sizes and colours. They are usually made from silk, paper and plastic. Some are even made from ice. It is believed that these lanterns will guide visitors and the spirits of ancestors to the celebrations. The Lantern Festival is a time for families, young and old to spend together. Every New Year the wish is the same—peace and happiness to all.
40. What’s the same with the festivals of light in different cultures? (不超过11个单词)
41. Why do the Jewish light a new candle every night during the festival? (不超过12个单词)
42. What festival brings an end to the new year season? (不超过5个单词)
43. What is the purpose of this article? (不超过8个单词)
【答案】40. The wish for peace and happiness in the world
41. To ensure all eight candles stand together on the eighth night
42. The Lantern Festival
43. To introduce festivals of light from two cultures
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。许多文化中都有庆祝光明的节日，文章中介绍了犹太人的光明节和中国的元宵节。
【40题详解】
根据第一段最后一句“There is one thing that is the same, however, and this is the wish for peace and happiness in the world.”可知，各个文化中庆祝光明的节日有一点是相同的，也就是对于世界和平和福祉的祈愿。可以据此回答为：The wish for peace and happiness in the world。
【41题详解】
根据第二段倒数第二句“Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together.”可知，每晚点亮一支新蜡烛是为了保证在第八天晚上，全部八支蜡烛能齐亮。可以据此回答为：To ensure all eight candles stand together on the eighth night。
【42题详解】
根据第三段第二、三句“The Lantern Festival goes back more than 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. It takes place on the 15thday of the Chinese New Year, bringing the New Year season to a close.”可知，正是元宵节宣告了中国新年的结束。可以据此回答为：The Lantern Festival。
【43题详解】
根据文章首句“Most cultures have a festival of light.”并结合全文内容可知，该篇文章就是在以犹太人的光明节和中国的元宵节为例，介绍不同文化中的庆祝光明的节日。可以据此回答为：To introduce festivals of light from two cultures
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim计划今年来中国过春节，发邮件向你询问有关春节的习俗。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1．表示欢迎；
2．介绍春节的习俗（大扫除、看春晚、吃饺子、收红包等）；
3．建议他准备保暖衣物。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】参考答案：
Dear Jim
I am so delighted to hear from you. Welcome to spend the Spring Festival in China!
There are some interesting customs during the Spring Festival. We do a thorough cleaning before the festival and put paper cutting on windows to decorate the room. Usually, we stay up to watch the Spring Festival Gala. Children will receive red-bags and family will eat dumplings together. There are also some other activities, such as dancing or setting off fireworks.
Normally, the weather during the festival is rather cold, so you’d better take some warm clothes.
I’m sure you will have a good time and spend a wonderful festival. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于告知信。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回信，给他介绍与春节有关的习俗。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted → pleased/glad
在……期间：during → in
全面的：thorough → complete
极好的：wonderful → excellent/super
2.句式拓展
原句：Usually, we stay up to watch the Spring Festival Gala.
拓展句：Usually, we stay up to watch the Spring Festival Gala, which is usually a feast for our eyes.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Usually, we stay up to watch the Spring Festival Gala.(运用了动词不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] I’m sure you will have a good time and spend a wonderful festival. (运用了省略连词的宾语从句)
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