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北京市怀柔区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市怀柔区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
怀柔区2022-2023学年第一学期高二英语
期末试题
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节：完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own ____1____.
I learned this lesson from an experience many years ago. I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.
It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the ____2____ team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to prepare for the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment, we were defeated. I couldn’t believe I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were ____3____ me. I had to change my ____4____ about their ability and potential.
I started doing anything I could to help them build a little ____5____. Most importantly, I began to treat them like ___6___. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their vacations, we met every day and practiced passing and kicking the football.
Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second and continued to improve. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a ____7____ for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn’t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest ____8____ of my life!
From the experience, I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and ____9____ them. I helped them to see themselves ______10______, and they built themselves into winners.
Winners are made, not born.
1. A. luck B. efforts C. tests D. nature
2. A. excellent B. successful C. new D. strong
3. A. depending on B. looking for C. reacting to D. caring about
4. A. intention B. conclusion C. decision D. attitude
5. A. culture B. fortune C. relationship D. pride
6. A. winners B. leaders C. learners D. part
7. A. burden B. victory C. shame D. favor
8. A. offers B. concerns C. thrills D. chances
9. A. observed B. encouraged C. impressed D. protected
10. A. calmly B. honestly C. differently D. individually
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了多年前作者担任过一个学校足球队的教练，在一次比赛中输给了学校的老队。作者开始反思，不停的训练和鼓励队员，最终不可思议的赢得州里最强的对手。从这次经历中，作者感悟到：没有人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们通过自己的努力使自己成为胜利者。A. luck运气；B. efforts努力；C. tests测试；D. nature自然。根据“No one is born a winner.”可知，人们需要通过努力才能成为胜利者。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在春季训练结束时，学校的老队与新队进行比赛是一项传统。A. excellent优秀的；B. successful成功的；C. new新的；D. strong强壮的。根据“It was a tradition”和“Being the coach of the new team”可知，此处表示学校的老队和新队进行比赛。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：仔细想了想，我意识到我的球队可能不是乔治亚州最好的球队，但他们依赖我。A. depending on依靠；B. looking for寻找；C. reacting to对……有反应；D. caring about关心，在意。根据“Being the coach of the new team,”和“I had to change my about their ability and potential.”可知，作为教练，孩子们还要依靠作者，作者需要做出改变。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须改变我对他们的能力和潜力的态度。A. intention意图，打算；B. conclusion结论；C. decision决定；D. attitude态度。根据“Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment, we were defeated.(作为新队的教练，我很兴奋，因为我知道我们会赢，但令我失望的是，我们被击败了。)”可知，作者轻视对手导致了失败，因此要改变态度。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始尽我所能帮助他们建立自豪感。A. culture文化；B. fortune运气；C. relationship关系；D. pride骄傲，自豪。根据“but to my disappointment, we were defeated. ”和“I began to treat them like ___6___”可知，作者在比赛失败后尽自己所能帮助孩子们建立自豪感。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我开始像对待胜利者一样对待他们。A. winners获胜者；B. leaders领导；C. learners学习者；D. part部分。根据“Instead of seeing my boys as losers”可知，作者像对待胜利者一样对待他们。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得即使我们输了比赛，这对我们来说也是一场胜利。A. burden负担；B. victory胜利；C. shame羞愧；D. favor赞成，偏爱。根据“Finally, we faced the number one team in the state.”可知，作者认为面对最强的队伍，即使输了比赛也是一场胜利。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的孩子们打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，给了我一生中最大的兴奋之一! A. offers提议；B. concerns关心，忧虑；C. thrills兴奋，激动；D. chances机会。根据“My boys beat the best team in Georgia”可知，作者的队伍打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，这是令人兴奋的事。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有把我的孩子们视为失败者，而是敦促和鼓励他们。A. observed观察；B. encouraged鼓励；C. impressed使印象深刻；D. protected保护。根据上文“Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed ”可知，作者把孩子们视为胜利者，不断地鼓励他们。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己，他们把自己打造成了胜利者。A. calmly冷静地；B. honestly诚实地；C. differently不同地；D. individually单独地，分别地。根据上文“I started doing anything I could to help them build a little ____5____. Most importantly, I began to treat them like ___6___.”可知，作者帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。故选C。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
More than 1billion people aged from 12to 35are at the risk of losing their hearing from ___11___ (listen) to loud music on their audio devices. According to WHO, ___12___ is considered unsafe that you hear a sound that is above 85decibels for eight hours or 100decibels for 15minutes. ___13___ (normal), users of personal audio devices choose to set the volume between 75-105. Shelly Chadha of the WHO suggested that all smartphones should be fitted with a measurement system, ___14___ would tell you how much sound you’re listening to, and when you go over the limit.
【答案】11. listening
12. it 13. Normally
14. which
【解析】
【导语】文章介绍了超过10亿年龄在12岁至35岁之间的人因在音频设备上收听吵闹的音乐而面临丧失听力的风险并提出相应建议。
【11题详解】
考查动名词。句意：超过10亿年龄在12岁至35岁之间的人因在音频设备上收听吵闹的音乐而面临丧失听力的风险。该空作介词from的宾语，所以空格处应填动名词。故填listening。
【12题详解】
考查形式主语。句意：根据世界卫生组织的规定，如果你听到85分贝以上的声音，持续8小时或100分贝以上的声音持续15分钟，就被认为是不安全的。该句中“that you hear a sound that is above 85decibels for eight hours or 100decibels for 15minutes”为真正主语，空格处应填形式主语it。故填it。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：通常，个人音频设备的用户选择将音量设置在75-105之间。该空格处应填副词，修饰整个句子。故填Normally。
【14题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：世界卫生组织的谢利·查达建议，所有的智能手机都应该配备一个测量系统，它会告诉你听到了多少声音，以及你什么时候超过了限制。该句中measurement system为先行词表示物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语。故填which。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for ___15___ (decorate)on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that. It takes years of experience, ___16___ a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same”, ___17___ (free)cooks to complete other tasks.
【答案】15. decoration
16. but 17. freeing
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了3D打印的一个开始关注食物的新的领域。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：用一台3D打印机，厨师可以打印出复杂的巧克力雕塑和用来在婚礼蛋糕上装饰的美丽的碎片。分析句子可知，此处应用名词decoration，作介词“for”的宾语，表示“用来装饰”；decoration作“装饰”时为不可数名词。故填decoration。
【16题详解】
考查连词。句意：这需要多年的经验，但是一台打印机让它变得简单了。分析句子可知，此处应用连词，连接两个并列句；根据句意，应为转折关系，故用but。故填but。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：西班牙的一家餐厅使用Foodini来“重新创造”“完全相同”的食物的“形式和碎片”，从而解放了厨师来完成其他任务。根据句中谓语动词“uses”可知，此处应为非谓语动词，与主语“A restaurant”之间为主动关系，作状语，应用现在分词形式。故填freeing。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Urban Forest Pro in Portland is a full-service tree care company providing tree services. Our arborists (树艺师) ___18___ (train)to recognize the unique needs of your trees, taking into account factors such as the tree’s age, health & prior pruning (修剪). Doing tree pruning, we selectively remove certain parts of a tree according to the goals of our customers. Our arborists can in most cases come ___19___ with a method that is both beneficial for the tree’s health and longevity and meets the ___20___ (need) of our customers.
【答案】18. are trained 19. up
20. needs
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于波特兰的一家名叫Urban Forest Pro的公司能提供全方位树木护理服务。
【18题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：我们的树艺师经过培训，能够识别您的树木的独特需求，并考虑到树木的年龄、健康状况和事先修剪等因素。空处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，且主语Our arborists和动词train(培训)二者之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用are。故填are trained。
【19题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：在大多数情况下，我们的树艺师可以想出一种既有利于树木健康和长寿，又能满足客户需求的方法。固定搭配come up with“想出”。故填up。
【20题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：在大多数情况下，我们的树艺师可以想出一种既有利于树木健康和长寿，又能满足客户需求的方法。此处应用名词need作宾语，由our customers可知，此处“需求”不止一个，应用复数形式。故填needs。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Come to build robots!
Robots are fun to play with, but did you know that they are equally fun to build? Don’t worry, it’s easier than you may think. You don’t have to know lots about electronics or be a genius at engineering to have a go at creating your own robot. There are lots of simple kits (配套原件) and resources available that make it easy to build a robot in your own home, and if you don’t feel confident enough to have a go at home, there are plenty of clubs that offer courses in robot-building for young people.
◇Why to build?
“Creating a robot teaches you in great about how it is put together and how it works ” says Steve Hubbard, of Robot Fun, which hosts robotics master classes for teens in Suffolk. “As you build and test a robot, you also learn how to fix it when things go wrong, as they always do.” Building and programming a robot is a practical application of science and engineering and a great way of learning how to solve all sorts of problems. You don’t need any special skills. If you can build with Lego or draw a line, you can build and program a robot.
◇How to start?
Matthew Applegate runs the Creative Computing Club in Ipswich, Suffolk. He says, “The Lego Robots kits are amazing. You can use cardboard, glue sticks and string to make a prototype (雏形).” Some kits can be expensive but there are ways to build your robots using things around the house. You can build an arm with cardboard, straws and string, adding it to a low-cost kit.
Building robots is really great. It isn’t easy at first, but when you get better, you will be surprised how much you can do. Come to get your first robot kit and make it whirr into life!
▶ For details on how to build a Raspberry Pi buggy: tinyurl.com/TW J-robotbuggy
▶ For details on how to join a robot club: tinyurlcom/TW J-members
▶ For more information on kits and classes: tinyurl.com/TW J-resources
▶ For more information on robots and their history: tinyurl.com/TW J-realrobots
21. What do you need to build a robot at home?
A. To know lots about electronics. B. To put necessary parts together.
C. To be a genius at engineering. D. To have rich experience in playing with robots.
22. If you want to know more about different robot kits, you can visit________.
A. tinyurl.com/TW J-robotbuggy B. tinyurl,com/TW J-realrobots
C. tinyurl.com/TW J-resources D. tinyurl.com/TW J-members
23. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To encourage teens to learn to solve problems by building robots.
B. To explain the advantages of building one’s own robots.
C. To analyse the need of teens to build their own robots.
D. To advertise a method of building robots with fun.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为什么要自己建造机器人以及怎样建造机器人，并希望我们参与到建造机器人的活动中来。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“You don’t have to know lots about electronics or be a genius at engineering to have a go at creating your own robot. There are lots of simple kits (配套原件) and resources available that make it easy to build a robot in your own home, and if you don’t feel confident enough to have a go at home, there are plenty of clubs that offer courses in robot-building for young people.(你不需要非常了解电子学或者非常精通工程学，就可以尝试制造自己的机器人。有很多简单的工具和资源可以让你在自己家里制造机器人变得很容易，如果你没有足够的信心在家里尝试，有很多俱乐部为年轻人提供机器人制造课程。)”和Why to build?部分下的“Creating a robot teaches you in great about how it is put together and how it works,(创造一个机器人教会你如何组装它以及它是如何工作的)”和How to start?部分的“You can build an arm with cardboard, straws and string, adding it to a low-cost kit.(你可以用硬纸板、吸管和绳子做一个手臂，把它加到一个低成本的工具包里。)”可知，在家里制造一个机器人不需要你非常了解电子学或精通工程学。你所需要的是把必要的零件组装起来。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二行“For more information on kits and classes: tinyurl.com/TW J-resources(更多关于工具包和分类的信息: tinyurl.com/TW J-resources)”可知，如果你想要知道更多关于不同的机器人工具包，你可以浏览tinyurl.com/TW J-resources，故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是标题“Come to build robots!(来制造机器人！)”，第一段中“Robots are fun to play with, but did you know that they are equally fun to build? (机器人玩起来很有趣，但是你知道它们制造起来也同样有趣吗？)”和How to start?(如何开始建造)可知，文章主要在宣传一种有趣的制造机器人的方法，并希望你能参与进来，结合文末几个网址可知，网站起的是宣传介绍的作用，由此可知，本文的主要目的是宣传一种有趣的制造机器人的方法。故选D。
B
Free Haircuts on a Red Chair
Last summer, Katie Steller was on her way to work. She stopped at a traffic light, where a man, in his 60s,looking out of luck, was sitting alone. She rolled down her window.
“Hey!” she shouted.“ I’m driving around giving free haircuts. Do you want one right now?”
The man, missing a few teeth, paused and laughed. “Actually,” he said, “I have a funeral(葬礼)to go to this week. I was really hoping to get a haircut.”
Then, Steller unloaded a red chair from the car. The man,named Edward, took a seat.As Steller was cutting his curly graying hair,he told her about growing up in Mississippi,about moving to Minnesota,and how he still talked to his mom over phone every day.
To date,Steller has given 30 or so such haircuts to people around the city.They are all living on the margins,and she is aware of the power of her work.
“It’s more than a haircut,”she says.“I want it to be a gateway,to show value and respect,but also to get to know people.”
Steller knows that a haircut can change a life.One changed hers:As a teen,she suffered from ulcerative colitis(溃疡性结肠炎)that was so serious,her hair thinned severely.Seeing this,her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut.
“To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness,it helped me feel cared about and less alone,”she says.
After that,Steller knew she wanted to have her own hair salon so she could help people feel the way she’d felt that day.Not long after finishing cosmetology school(美容学校)in 2016,she realized her dream.Two years later,she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project,reaching out to people on the streets.
Steller said,“I can’t fix their problems,but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.”Steller listens to people’s stories of loss,addiction,and struggle to get back on their feet.
An offshoot of the Red Chair Project is the Steller Kindness Project,in which people who commit acts of kindness are invited for a free makeover(美容)at Steller’s salon.In exchange,they tell their stories,which Steller shares on her website.Her hope is that by reading about kind acts,others will be inspired to do their own.
So far,it’s working.“You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give to them,”says Steller.
24. Edward agreed to have a haircut by Steller because________.
A. he wanted to talk with Steller about his life
B. he wanted to look good for a special occasion
C. he was too old to go to a hair salon by himself
D. he was just waiting for a free haircut on the street
25. In paragraph 5,the underlined words“living on the margins”can probably be replaced by________.
A. living with little care and attention
B living far from downtown areas
C. living with serious illnesses
D. living in untidy conditions
26. What made Steller want to set up her own salon?
A. Her excellent haircut skills.
B. Her mother’s encouragement.
C. Her experience of a formal haircut.
D. Her dream to offer people free haircuts.
27. What’s the purpose of Steller Kindness Project?
A. To make contributions to charity.
B. To encourage people to spread kindness.
C. To reward kind people with free makeovers.
D. To collect moving stories for Steller’s website.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Katie Steller走上街头为人们免费理发，让他们感觉没有那么孤独。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“I have a funeral(葬礼)to go to this week. I was really hoping to get a haircut.(我这周要去参加一个葬礼。我真的希望理一次发。)”可知，Edward答应Steller提供的免费理发，是因为他想让自己在一个特殊的场合看起来好一点。故选B项。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段对Edward的描述“was sitting alone”及下一段中Steller 说的话“I want it to be a gateway, to show value and respect(我想让它成为一个通向展示价值和尊重的入口)”可知，Steller是为那些缺少关爱和尊重的人免费理发，所以短语“living on the margins”意为“缺乏关爱和关注地生活”，故选A项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Steller得了溃疡性结肠炎后，头发稀少，所以妈妈给她安排了一次专业的理发，那次理发经历让她感觉到被关爱，不那么孤独了，再结合倒数第四段“After that, Steller knew she wanted to have her own hair salon so she could help people feel the way she’d felt that day.(从那之后，Steller知道她想拥有自己的理发店，这样就可以帮助人感觉到她那天感受到的)”可知，是Steller自己的一次正式理发经历让她想开自己的理发店。故选C项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Her hope is that by reading about kind acts, others will be inspired to do their own.(她的希望是通过读善良的行为，别人也会被鼓励自己做善事)”可知，Steller Kindness Project的目的是鼓励人们传播善意。故选B项。
C
We all know the value of taking a walk in the fresh spring weather. It allows your mind to relax and forget about the problems in everyday life. Studies have commonly shown the benefits of being around green spaces, including gardens, urban parks and forests.
But did you know that being in contact with these natural surroundings during childhood could positively impact (影响) your mental health as an adult?
A study by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe, including Spain, the Netherlands, Lithuania and the UK.
The all-adult study gave participants a questionnaire (问卷) on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood — for example, playing in a garden, riding a bike at the park or hiking in a forest. They were also asked about the importance they put on using such places.
Volunteers were then given a psychological (心理) test, which included a variety of questionnaires and problem-solving activities, to analyze their nervousness and feelings of depression (抑郁) within a four-week period.
The results consistently showed that the people who were more exposed (暴露的) to natural spaces had higher mental health scores compared to those with lower childhood exposure — as did those who attached higher importance to using green spaces.
The study’s coordinator (协调员), Wilma Zijlema, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”. She also stressed the importance of “recognizing the implications (含义) of growing up in environments with limited opportunities for exposure to nature”.
According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access (接触机会) to natural spaces. Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of ISGlobal’s Urban Planning, said that “Many children in Europe lead an indoor lifestyle…so we call on policymakers to improve the availability (可得性) of natural spaces for children.”
While this study was based in Europe, a lack of green space can affect anyone, anywhere. So remember to make time to immerse yourself in nature, as your mental health is just as important as the physical one.
28. What was the purpose of the ISGlobal’s walking study?
A. To examine the advantages of taking a walk.
B. To understand the mental health problems of children.
C. To see how childhood experiences shape adult life.
D. To study the influence of childhood exposure to natural spaces.
29. What do we know about the study?
A. The participants included both children and adults.
B. The participants were from all over the world.
C. It consisted of a questionnaire and a psychological test.
D. It focused on the participants’ physical health state.
30. What do Paragraphs 7-8 mainly talk about?
A. The results of the study.
B. The value of the study.
C. The method of the study.
D. The process of the study.
31. What does the underlined word “immerse” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Lose oneself in something.
B. Understand something.
C. Protect against something.
D. Imagine doing something.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项对“绿色空间的好处”的调查研究，研究发现童年时接触自然环境会对成年后的心理健康产生积极影响。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段But did you know that being in contact with these natural surroundings during childhood could positively impact (影响) your mental health as an adult? (但你知道童年时接触这些自然环境会对成年后的心理健康产生积极影响吗？)及第三段A study by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe, including Spain, the Netherlands, Lithuania and the UK.(巴塞罗那全球健康研究所的一项研究调查了来自欧洲各地的3600人，包括西班牙、荷兰、立陶宛和英国)可推知，ISGlobal步行研究的目的是研究儿童接触自然空间的影响。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的The all-adult study gave participants a questionnaire (问卷) on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood (这项全成人的研究向参与者发放了一份问卷，询问他们在童年时期使用自然空间的频率)及第五段中的Volunteers were then given a psychological (心理的) test (志愿者被给定一个心理测试)可知，这项研究由问卷调查和心理测试组成。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第七段中的The study’s coordinator (协调员), Wilma Zijlema, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”.(这项研究的协调人威尔玛·兹杰勒玛写道，研究结果“显示了童年时期接触自然环境对成年后培养欣赏自然的态度和健康的心理状态的重要性”)及第八段中的According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access (接触机会) to natural spaces. (根据这项研究，73%的欧洲人只能有限地进入自然空间)可知，第七、八段主要讨论的是研究的结果。故选A。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项“绿色空间的好处”的调查研究，研究发现童年时接触自然环境会对成年后的心理健康产生积极影响。因此作者应该是呼吁人们去接触自然环境。由此推知，划线词immerse与Lose oneself in something.(使自己沉溺于某事)意思接近。故选A。
D
You have probably heard of the Mozart effect. It’s the idea that if children or even babies listen to music composed by Mozart, they will become more intelligent. A quick Internet search reveals plenty of products to assist you in the task. Whatever your age is there are CDs and books to help you taste the power of Mozart’s music, but when it comes to scientific evidence that it can make you more clever, the picture is more mixed.
The phrase “the Mozart effect” was made up in 1991, but it was a study described two years later in the journal Nature that sparked real media and public interest about the idea that listening to classical music somehow improves the brain. It is one of those ideas that sound reasonable. Mozart was undoubtedly a genius himself; his music is complex and there is a hope that if we listen to enough of it, we’ll become more intelligent.
The idea took off, with thousands of parents playing Mozart to their children, and in 1998Zell Miller, the Governor of the state of Georgia in the US, even asked for money to be set aside in the state budget so that every newborn baby could be sent a CD of classical music. It was not just babies and children who were exposed to Mozart’s music on purpose, even an Italian farmer proudly explained that the cows were played Mozart three times a day to help them produce better milk.
I’ll leave the debate on the impact on milk yield to farmers, but what about the evidence that listening to Mozart makes people more intelligent? More research was carried out but an analysis of sixteen different studies confirmed that listening to music does lead to a temporary improvement in the ability to handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are short-lived and it doesn’t make us more intelligent.
32. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A. Mozart composed many musical pieces for children.
B. Children listening to Mozart will be more intelligent.
C. There are few products on the Internet about Mozart’s music.
D. There is little scientific evidence to support the Mozart effect.
33. Why did many people believe in the idea of the Mozart effect?
A. Because a study described it in the journal Nature.
B. Because Mozart himself was a genius.
C. Because Mozart’s music is enjoyable.
D. Because Mozart’s music makes people relaxed.
34. What is the author’s attitude towards the Mozart effect?
A. Favorable. B. Subjective. C. Doubtful. D. Positive.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍许多人相信听莫扎特的音乐会让人更聪明，但研究表明这种影响是短暂的，并不能让人们更加聪明。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whatever your age is there are CDs and books to help you taste the power of Mozart’s music, but when it comes to scientific evidence that it can make you more clever, the picture is more mixed.(无论你的年龄是多少，都有CD和书籍可以帮助你品味莫扎特音乐的力量，但当涉及到科学证据表明它可以让你更聪明时，情况就更复杂了)”可知，几乎没有科学证据支持莫扎特效应——听莫扎特音乐能让你更聪明。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mozart was undoubtedly a genius himself; his music is complex and there is a hope that if we listen to enough of it, we’ll become more intelligent.(毫无疑问，莫扎特本人就是一个天才；他的音乐是复杂的，我们希望，如果我们听得足够多，我们就会变得更聪明)”可知，很多人相信莫扎特效应是因为莫扎特自己是一个天才。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“More research was carried out but an analysis of sixteen different studies confirmed that listening to music does lead to a temporary improvement in the ability to handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are short-lived and it doesn’t make us more intelligent.(虽然进行了更多的研究，但是对16个不同研究的分析证实，听音乐确实能够暂时提高我们的心智处理形状的能力，但是好处是短暂的，并不能使我们变得更聪明)”可推知，作者对莫扎特效应的态度是怀疑的。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Study More Effectively
No matter whether you are preparing for some specific course, a professional degree, or an entrance exam, it’s important to maximize study time and improve the efficiency of study.
____35____ You can use a calendar, an app, or a pinboard time table to draft a schedule that works best for you. Include the study time, sleep, and the socializing time in the schedule. Make sure you give yourself more time than you think you need, especially if it’s a subject you struggle with.
You can also cut your study time into short sessions. Your most productive studying typically occurs within the first 25 to 30 minutes of hitting books, so try to study in 30 minutes, and take a 5—10 minute break, so that you are able to absorb and consolidate the information. ____36____
Studying isn’t only spending hours and hours on list of what you think will be on an exam or quiz. ____37____ This can be done through a six-step approach: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. You should focus on a method that will help you achieve a higher level of learning. The higher levels of learning focus on asking questions such as what if, how and why rather than where, what and who.
____38____ Research shows that being tested is not only useful in evaluating how well you have learned something but also valuable for avoiding future mistakes. Answering questions unsuccessfully can help you understand concepts better. If your professor offers you practice exams, take them home and learn from them. Understand why you got certain questions wrong and others right. ____39____ Force each other to expand answers in order to understand the material better.
Following the suggestions to study more effectively will mean shorter and more efficient study sessions, and eventually, better grades!
A. You can quiz yourself whenever possible.
B. Effective studying starts with the right attitude.
C. It is important to study in a smart way and go the extra mile.
D. Study with friends or classmates and question each other on the material.
E. You are more likely to do well before a quiz when you have time to review.
F. Creating a schedule is the first and most important thing to maximize your study time.
G. This is why a certain balance should be made and studying time should be cut into shorter sessions.
【答案】35. F 36. G 37. C 38. A 39. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。无论你是在准备一些特定的课程，专业学位，还是入学考试，最大限度地利用学习时间，提高学习效率都是很重要的。文章主要介绍了一些更有效学习的方法。
【35题详解】
根据后文“You can use a calendar, an app, or a pinboard time table to draft a schedule that works best for you. Include the study time, sleep, and the socializing time in the schedule. Make sure you give yourself more time than you think you need, especially if it’s a subject you struggle with.(你可以使用日历、应用程序或针板时间表来起草最适合你的时间表。包括学习时间、睡眠时间和社交时间。确保你给自己的时间比你认为自己需要的更多，尤其是当这是一个你正在努力克服的问题时)”可知，本段的建议是制定学习时间表，F选项中a schedule对应后文中a schedule。故F选项“制定学习计划是最大化你的学习时间的首要也是最重要的事情”符合语境，故选F。
【36题详解】
根据上文“You can also cut your study time into short sessions. Your most productive studying typically occurs within the first 25 to 30 minutes of hitting books, so try to study in 30 minutes, and take a 5—10 minute break, so that you are able to absorb and consolidate the information.(你也可以把你的学习时间缩短。 你最有效的学习通常发生在阅读的前25 - 30分钟，所以试着在30分钟学习，休息5到10分钟，以便你能够吸收和巩固知识)”可知，上文提到的建议是缩短学习时间，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续对这一做法进行说明，G选项中be cut into shorter sessions对应上文中cut your study time into short sessions。故G选项“这就是为什么应该做出某种平衡，把学习时间缩短为更短的时间”符合语境，故选G。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Studying isn’t only spending hours and hours on list of what you think will be on an exam or quiz.(学习并不仅仅是花费大量的时间在你认为会在考试或小测验中出现的东西上)”以及后文“This can be done through a six-step approach: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. You should focus on a method that will help you achieve a higher level of learning. The higher levels of learning focus on asking questions such as what if, how and why rather than where, what and who.(这可以通过六个步骤来实现：记忆、理解、应用、分析、评估和创造。你应该专注于一种能帮助你达到更高水平学习的方法。更高层次的学习侧重于问“如果”、“如何”和“为什么”等问题，而不是“在哪里”、“做什么”和“谁”)”可知，上文提到“学习并不仅仅是花费大量的时间在你认为会在考试或小测验中出现的东西上”，后文则提到了学习的六个步骤，可知本句应承接上文继续说明学习方式。故C选项“以一种聪明的方式学习并加倍努力是很重要的”符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
根据后文“Research shows that being tested is not only useful in evaluating how well you have learned something but also valuable for avoiding future mistakes.(研究表明，接受测试不仅有助于评估你学到了什么，而且对避免未来的错误也很有价值)”可知，后文提到了接受测试的好处，可知本句是在建议测试自己，A选项中quiz对应后文中being tested。故A选项“你可以随时测试自己”符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
根据后文“Force each other to expand answers in order to understand the material better.(为了更好地理解材料，迫使对方展开答案)”可知，后文提到了迫使对方展开答案，可知本句是在说明后文提到的“对方”包括哪些人，D选项中question对应后文answers。故D选项“与朋友或同学一起学习，并就材料互相提问”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Good Taste of Knowledge
The aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct. The cultured man or the ideal educated man is not necessarily one who is well-read or learned, but one who likes and dislikes the right things. To know what to love and what to hate is to have taste in knowledge.
Nothing is more annoying than to meet a person at a party whose mind is crammed (填塞)full with historical dates and figures and who is extremely well-posted on current international affairs, but whose attitudes or points of view are all wrong. I have met such people. They do have great academic knowledge, but no good judgment or taste. Being knowledgeable is a mere matter of the cramming of facts or information while having good taste is a matter of artistic judgment. In speaking of a scholar, the Chinese generally distinguish between their scholarship, conduct and taste.
An educated man, therefore, is one who has the right loves and hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. Now, to have taste requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, the independence of judgment, and the unwillingness to be affected by any form of power.
When a man is wrong, he is wrong, and there is no need for one to be impressed by a great name or by the number of books that he has read and we haven’t.
Taste, then is closely associated with courage, as the Chinese always associated dan (胆) with shi(识). And courage or independence of judgment, as we know, is such a rare virtue among humankind. We see this intellectual courage or independence during the childhood of all thinkers and writers who in later life amount to anything. Such a person refuses to be impressed by a philosophic vogue or a fashionable theory, even though it is backed by the greatest name. This is taste in knowledge.
No doubt such intellectual courage or independence of judgment requires a certain childish, naive(单纯的) confidence in oneself, but this self is the only thing that one can cling to, and the moment a student gives up his right of personal judgment, he is in for accepting all the dishonest and insincere of life.
40. According to the author, what is the goal of education?
________________________________________________________
41. Why is a well-read man not necessarily an educated one?
________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
➣ Intellectual courage or independence of judgment builds confidence in oneself.
________________________________________________________
43. Please name one person with the qualities of dan and shi in Chinese history and explain what about this person makes you think so.(In about 40words)
________________________________________________________
【答案】40. The goal of education is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct.
41. Being knowledgeable is a mere matter of the cramming of facts or information while having good taste is a matter of artistic judgment. An educated man has the right loves and hatreds and they have a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, the independence of judgment, and the unwillingness to be affected by any form of power. So a well-read man not necessarily an educated one.
42. Intellectual courage or independence of judgment builds confidence in oneself.
Intellectual courage or independence of judgment requires a certain childish, naive confidence in oneself. The word “builds” is wrong.
43. For example, one person with the qualities of dan and shi in Chinese history is Confucius. Confucius seemed to liave felt that scholarship without thinking was more dangerous than thinking unbacked by scholarship; he said, “Thinking without learning makes one flighty, and learning without thinking is a disaster.” He must have seen enough students of the latter type in his days for him to utter this warning, a warning very much needed in the modern schools.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们一个理想的受过教育的人，不一定要学富五车，而只须明于鉴别善恶；能够辨别何者是可爱，何者是可憎的，即是在智识上能鉴别。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“The aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct. (教育或文化的目的仅仅是培养良好的知识品味和良好的行为方式。)”可知，教育的目的培养良好的知识品味和良好的行为方式。故答案为The goal of education is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“They do have great academic knowledge, but no good judgment or taste. Being knowledgeable is a mere matter of the cramming of facts or information while having good taste is a matter of artistic judgment. (他们确实有渊博的学术知识，但没有良好的判断力和品味。知识渊博仅仅是对事实或信息的填鸭式记忆，而有品位则是艺术判断的问题。)”以及第三段“An educated man, therefore, is one who has the right loves and hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. Now, to have taste requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, the independence of judgment, and the unwillingness to be affected by any form of power. ( 因此，一个受过教育的人是一个有正确的爱和恨的人。我们称之为品味，品味带来魅力。要有品味，需要有一种彻底思考事物的能力，独立的判断能力，以及不愿受任何形式的权力影响的能力。)”可知，读书很多的人只是对知识的填鸭式记忆，而一个真正受过教育的人应该是有深入思考能力和有独立判断能力的人。所以读书很多的人并不一定是受过教育的人。故答案为Being knowledgeable is a mere matter of the cramming of facts or information while having good taste is a matter of artistic judgment. An educated man has the right loves and hatreds and they have a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, the independence of judgment, and the unwillingness to be affected by any form of power. So a well-read man not necessarily an educated one.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“No doubt such intellectual courage or independence of judgment requires a certain childish, naive(单纯的) confidence in oneself(毫无疑问，这种智力上的勇气或独立判断需要一定的幼稚，单纯的对自己的信心)”可知，这种智力的勇气和独立判断需要信心不是建立信心。故答案为Intellectual courage or independence of judgment builds confidence in oneself. Intellectual courage or independence of judgment requires a certain childish, naive confidence in oneself. The word “builds” is wrong.
【43题详解】
考查观点态度。根据问题“Please name one person with the qualities of dan and shi in Chinese history and explain what about this person makes you think so. (请说出中国历史上一个具有“胆”和“识”特质的人的名字，并解释为什么你会这样认为)”。 例如孔子，孔子似乎一直认为，没有思想的学术比没有学术支持的思想更危险；他说：“思而不学则罔，学而不思则殆。”他在他的时代一定见过很多后一种类型的学生，才会发出这样的警告，这是现代学校非常需要的警告。故答案为For example, one person with the qualities of dan and shi in Chinese history is Confucius. Confucius seemed to liave felt that scholarship without thinking was more dangerous than thinking unbacked by scholarship; he said, “Thinking without learning makes one flighty, and learning without thinking is a disaster.” He must have seen enough students of the latter type in his days for him to utter this warning, a warning very much needed in the modern schools.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你所在的校篮球队正在招收新队员，请给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他加入，内容包括：
1.邀请原因及球队简介；
2.报名方式及截止日期。
注意: 1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：recruit new players
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m writing to tell you that our school’s basketball team is recruiting new members. I know you’re very good at playing basketball. Why not take this opportunity to join our school team? Some details about the team are as follows.
The coaching team is very professional and our school team has won many awards in various competitions. We have regular training for about two hours on the playground after school every Friday. If you want to apply for the membership, you are required to fill in the application form and submit it to school sports office by this Friday.
Are you interested? If you need any help, I would be very glad to help you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他加入你校篮球队，内容包括：邀请原因及球队简介；报名方式及截止日期。
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会：opportunity→chance
各种各样的：various→a variety of
比赛：competitions→contests
高兴：glad→happy
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The coaching team is very professional and our school team has won many awards in various competitions.
拓展句：Not only is the coaching team very professional but also our school team has won many awards in various competitions.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m writing to tell you that our school’s basketball team is recruiting new members.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] If you want to apply for the membership, you are required to fill in the application form and submit it to school sports office by this Friday. (运用了if引导的状语从句)
怀柔区2022-2023学年第一学期高二英语
期末试题
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节：完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own ____1____.
I learned this lesson from an experience many years ago. I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.
It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the ____2____ team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to prepare for the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment, we were defeated. I couldn’t believe I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were ____3____ me. I had to change my ____4____ about their ability and potential.
I started doing anything I could to help them build a little ____5____. Most importantly, I began to treat them like ___6___. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their vacations, we met every day and practiced passing and kicking the football.
Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second and continued to improve. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a ____7____ for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn’t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest ____8____ of my life!
From the experience, I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and ____9____ them. I helped them to see themselves ______10______, and they built themselves into winners.
Winners are made, not born.
1. A. luck B. efforts C. tests D. nature
2. A. excellent B. successful C. new D. strong
3. A. depending on B. looking for C. reacting to D. caring about
4. A. intention B. conclusion C. decision D. attitude
5. A. culture B. fortune C. relationship D. pride
6. A. winners B. leaders C. learners D. part
7. A. burden B. victory C. shame D. favor
8. A. offers B. concerns C. thrills D. chances
9. A. observed B. encouraged C. impressed D. protected
10. A. calmly B. honestly C. differently D. individually
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了多年前作者担任过一个学校足球队的教练，在一次比赛中输给了学校的老队。作者开始反思，不停的训练和鼓励队员，最终不可思议的赢得州里最强的对手。从这次经历中，作者感悟到：没有人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们通过自己的努力使自己成为胜利者。A. luck运气；B. efforts努力；C. tests测试；D. nature自然。根据“No one is born a winner.”可知，人们需要通过努力才能成为胜利者。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在春季训练结束时，学校的老队与新队进行比赛是一项传统。A. excellent优秀的；B. successful成功的；C. new新的；D. strong强壮的。根据“It was a tradition”和“Being the coach of the new team”可知，此处表示学校的老队和新队进行比赛。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：仔细想了想，我意识到我的球队可能不是乔治亚州最好的球队，但他们依赖我。A. depending on依靠；B. looking for寻找；C. reacting to对……有反应；D. caring about关心，在意。根据“Being the coach of the new team,”和“I had to change my about their ability and potential.”可知，作为教练，孩子们还要依靠作者，作者需要做出改变。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须改变我对他们的能力和潜力的态度。A. intention意图，打算；B. conclusion结论；C. decision决定；D. attitude态度。根据“Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment, we were defeated.(作为新队的教练，我很兴奋，因为我知道我们会赢，但令我失望的是，我们被击败了。)”可知，作者轻视对手导致了失败，因此要改变态度。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始尽我所能帮助他们建立自豪感。A. culture文化；B. fortune运气；C. relationship关系；D. pride骄傲，自豪。根据“but to my disappointment, we were defeated. ”和“I began to treat them like ___6___”可知，作者在比赛失败后尽自己所能帮助孩子们建立自豪感。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我开始像对待胜利者一样对待他们。A. winners获胜者；B. leaders领导；C. learners学习者；D. part部分。根据“Instead of seeing my boys as losers”可知，作者像对待胜利者一样对待他们。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得即使我们输了比赛，这对我们来说也是一场胜利。A. burden负担；B. victory胜利；C. shame羞愧；D. favor赞成，偏爱。根据“Finally, we faced the number one team in the state.”可知，作者认为面对最强的队伍，即使输了比赛也是一场胜利。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的孩子们打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，给了我一生中最大的兴奋之一! A. offers提议；B. concerns关心，忧虑；C. thrills兴奋，激动；D. chances机会。根据“My boys beat the best team in Georgia”可知，作者的队伍打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，这是令人兴奋的事。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有把我的孩子们视为失败者，而是敦促和鼓励他们。A. observed观察；B. encouraged鼓励；C. impressed使印象深刻；D. protected保护。根据上文“Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed ”可知，作者把孩子们视为胜利者，不断地鼓励他们。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己，他们把自己打造成了胜利者。A. calmly冷静地；B. honestly诚实地；C. differently不同地；D. individually单独地，分别地。根据上文“I started doing anything I could to help them build a little ____5____. Most importantly, I began to treat them like ___6___.”可知，作者帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。故选C。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
More than 1billion people aged from 12to 35are at the risk of losing their hearing from ___11___ (listen) to loud music on their audio devices. According to WHO, ___12___ is considered unsafe that you hear a sound that is above 85decibels for eight hours or 100decibels for 15minutes. ___13___ (normal), users of personal audio devices choose to set the volume between 75-105. Shelly Chadha of the WHO suggested that all smartphones should be fitted with a measurement system, ___14___ would tell you how much sound you’re listening to, and when you go over the limit.
【答案】11. listening
12. it 13. Normally
14. which
【解析】
【导语】文章介绍了超过10亿年龄在12岁至35岁之间的人因在音频设备上收听吵闹的音乐而面临丧失听力的风险并提出相应建议。
【11题详解】
考查动名词。句意：超过10亿年龄在12岁至35岁之间的人因在音频设备上收听吵闹的音乐而面临丧失听力的风险。该空作介词from的宾语，所以空格处应填动名词。故填listening。
【12题详解】
考查形式主语。句意：根据世界卫生组织的规定，如果你听到85分贝以上的声音，持续8小时或100分贝以上的声音持续15分钟，就被认为是不安全的。该句中“that you hear a sound that is above 85decibels for eight hours or 100decibels for 15minutes”为真正主语，空格处应填形式主语it。故填it。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：通常，个人音频设备的用户选择将音量设置在75-105之间。该空格处应填副词，修饰整个句子。故填Normally。
【14题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：世界卫生组织的谢利·查达建议，所有的智能手机都应该配备一个测量系统，它会告诉你听到了多少声音，以及你什么时候超过了限制。该句中measurement system为先行词表示物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语。故填which。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for ___15___ (decorate)on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that. It takes years of experience, ___16___ a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same”, ___17___ (free)cooks to complete other tasks.
【答案】15. decoration
16. but 17. freeing
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了3D打印的一个开始关注食物的新的领域。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：用一台3D打印机，厨师可以打印出复杂的巧克力雕塑和用来在婚礼蛋糕上装饰的美丽的碎片。分析句子可知，此处应用名词decoration，作介词“for”的宾语，表示“用来装饰”；decoration作“装饰”时为不可数名词。故填decoration。
【16题详解】
考查连词。句意：这需要多年的经验，但是一台打印机让它变得简单了。分析句子可知，此处应用连词，连接两个并列句；根据句意，应为转折关系，故用but。故填but。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：西班牙的一家餐厅使用Foodini来“重新创造”“完全相同”的食物的“形式和碎片”，从而解放了厨师来完成其他任务。根据句中谓语动词“uses”可知，此处应为非谓语动词，与主语“A restaurant”之间为主动关系，作状语，应用现在分词形式。故填freeing。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Urban Forest Pro in Portland is a full-service tree care company providing tree services. Our arborists (树艺师) ___18___ (train)to recognize the unique needs of your trees, taking into account factors such as the tree’s age, health & prior pruning (修剪). Doing tree pruning, we selectively remove certain parts of a tree according to the goals of our customers. Our arborists can in most cases come ___19___ with a method that is both beneficial for the tree’s health and longevity and meets the ___20___ (need) of our customers.
【答案】18. are trained 19. up
20. needs
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于波特兰的一家名叫Urban Forest Pro的公司能提供全方位树木护理服务。
【18题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：我们的树艺师经过培训，能够识别您的树木的独特需求，并考虑到树木的年龄、健康状况和事先修剪等因素。空处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，且主语Our arborists和动词train(培训)二者之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用are。故填are trained。
【19题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：在大多数情况下，我们的树艺师可以想出一种既有利于树木健康和长寿，又能满足客户需求的方法。固定搭配come up with“想出”。故填up。
【20题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：在大多数情况下，我们的树艺师可以想出一种既有利于树木健康和长寿，又能满足客户需求的方法。此处应用名词need作宾语，由our customers可知，此处“需求”不止一个，应用复数形式。故填needs。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Come to build robots!
Robots are fun to play with, but did you know that they are equally fun to build? Don’t worry, it’s easier than you may think. You don’t have to know lots about electronics or be a genius at engineering to have a go at creating your own robot. There are lots of simple kits (配套原件) and resources available that make it easy to build a robot in your own home, and if you don’t feel confident enough to have a go at home, there are plenty of clubs that offer courses in robot-building for young people.
◇Why to build?
“Creating a robot teaches you in great about how it is put together and how it works ” says Steve Hubbard, of Robot Fun, which hosts robotics master classes for teens in Suffolk. “As you build and test a robot, you also learn how to fix it when things go wrong, as they always do.” Building and programming a robot is a practical application of science and engineering and a great way of learning how to solve all sorts of problems. You don’t need any special skills. If you can build with Lego or draw a line, you can build and program a robot.
◇How to start?
Matthew Applegate runs the Creative Computing Club in Ipswich, Suffolk. He says, “The Lego Robots kits are amazing. You can use cardboard, glue sticks and string to make a prototype (雏形).” Some kits can be expensive but there are ways to build your robots using things around the house. You can build an arm with cardboard, straws and string, adding it to a low-cost kit.
Building robots is really great. It isn’t easy at first, but when you get better, you will be surprised how much you can do. Come to get your first robot kit and make it whirr into life!
▶ For details on how to build a Raspberry Pi buggy: tinyurl.com/TW J-robotbuggy
▶ For details on how to join a robot club: tinyurlcom/TW J-members
▶ For more information on kits and classes: tinyurl.com/TW J-resources
▶ For more information on robots and their history: tinyurl.com/TW J-realrobots
21. What do you need to build a robot at home?
A. To know lots about electronics. B. To put necessary parts together.
C. To be a genius at engineering. D. To have rich experience in playing with robots.
22. If you want to know more about different robot kits, you can visit________.
A. tinyurl.com/TW J-robotbuggy B. tinyurl,com/TW J-realrobots
C. tinyurl.com/TW J-resources D. tinyurl.com/TW J-members
23. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To encourage teens to learn to solve problems by building robots.
B. To explain the advantages of building one’s own robots.
C. To analyse the need of teens to build their own robots.
D. To advertise a method of building robots with fun.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为什么要自己建造机器人以及怎样建造机器人，并希望我们参与到建造机器人的活动中来。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“You don’t have to know lots about electronics or be a genius at engineering to have a go at creating your own robot. There are lots of simple kits (配套原件) and resources available that make it easy to build a robot in your own home, and if you don’t feel confident enough to have a go at home, there are plenty of clubs that offer courses in robot-building for young people.(你不需要非常了解电子学或者非常精通工程学，就可以尝试制造自己的机器人。有很多简单的工具和资源可以让你在自己家里制造机器人变得很容易，如果你没有足够的信心在家里尝试，有很多俱乐部为年轻人提供机器人制造课程。)”和Why to build?部分下的“Creating a robot teaches you in great about how it is put together and how it works,(创造一个机器人教会你如何组装它以及它是如何工作的)”和How to start?部分的“You can build an arm with cardboard, straws and string, adding it to a low-cost kit.(你可以用硬纸板、吸管和绳子做一个手臂，把它加到一个低成本的工具包里。)”可知，在家里制造一个机器人不需要你非常了解电子学或精通工程学。你所需要的是把必要的零件组装起来。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二行“For more information on kits and classes: tinyurl.com/TW J-resources(更多关于工具包和分类的信息: tinyurl.com/TW J-resources)”可知，如果你想要知道更多关于不同的机器人工具包，你可以浏览tinyurl.com/TW J-resources，故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是标题“Come to build robots!(来制造机器人！)”，第一段中“Robots are fun to play with, but did you know that they are equally fun to build? (机器人玩起来很有趣，但是你知道它们制造起来也同样有趣吗？)”和How to start?(如何开始建造)可知，文章主要在宣传一种有趣的制造机器人的方法，并希望你能参与进来，结合文末几个网址可知，网站起的是宣传介绍的作用，由此可知，本文的主要目的是宣传一种有趣的制造机器人的方法。故选D。
B
Free Haircuts on a Red Chair
Last summer, Katie Steller was on her way to work. She stopped at a traffic light, where a man, in his 60s,looking out of luck, was sitting alone. She rolled down her window.
“Hey!” she shouted.“ I’m driving around giving free haircuts. Do you want one right now?”
The man, missing a few teeth, paused and laughed. “Actually,” he said, “I have a funeral(葬礼)to go to this week. I was really hoping to get a haircut.”
Then, Steller unloaded a red chair from the car. The man,named Edward, took a seat.As Steller was cutting his curly graying hair,he told her about growing up in Mississippi,about moving to Minnesota,and how he still talked to his mom over phone every day.
To date,Steller has given 30 or so such haircuts to people around the city.They are all living on the margins,and she is aware of the power of her work.
“It’s more than a haircut,”she says.“I want it to be a gateway,to show value and respect,but also to get to know people.”
Steller knows that a haircut can change a life.One changed hers:As a teen,she suffered from ulcerative colitis(溃疡性结肠炎)that was so serious,her hair thinned severely.Seeing this,her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut.
“To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness,it helped me feel cared about and less alone,”she says.
After that,Steller knew she wanted to have her own hair salon so she could help people feel the way she’d felt that day.Not long after finishing cosmetology school(美容学校)in 2016,she realized her dream.Two years later,she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project,reaching out to people on the streets.
Steller said,“I can’t fix their problems,but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.”Steller listens to people’s stories of loss,addiction,and struggle to get back on their feet.
An offshoot of the Red Chair Project is the Steller Kindness Project,in which people who commit acts of kindness are invited for a free makeover(美容)at Steller’s salon.In exchange,they tell their stories,which Steller shares on her website.Her hope is that by reading about kind acts,others will be inspired to do their own.
So far,it’s working.“You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give to them,”says Steller.
24. Edward agreed to have a haircut by Steller because________.
A. he wanted to talk with Steller about his life
B. he wanted to look good for a special occasion
C. he was too old to go to a hair salon by himself
D. he was just waiting for a free haircut on the street
25. In paragraph 5,the underlined words“living on the margins”can probably be replaced by________.
A. living with little care and attention
B living far from downtown areas
C. living with serious illnesses
D. living in untidy conditions
26. What made Steller want to set up her own salon?
A. Her excellent haircut skills.
B. Her mother’s encouragement.
C. Her experience of a formal haircut.
D. Her dream to offer people free haircuts.
27. What’s the purpose of Steller Kindness Project?
A. To make contributions to charity.
B. To encourage people to spread kindness.
C. To reward kind people with free makeovers.
D. To collect moving stories for Steller’s website.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Katie Steller走上街头为人们免费理发，让他们感觉没有那么孤独。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“I have a funeral(葬礼)to go to this week. I was really hoping to get a haircut.(我这周要去参加一个葬礼。我真的希望理一次发。)”可知，Edward答应Steller提供的免费理发，是因为他想让自己在一个特殊的场合看起来好一点。故选B项。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段对Edward的描述“was sitting alone”及下一段中Steller 说的话“I want it to be a gateway, to show value and respect(我想让它成为一个通向展示价值和尊重的入口)”可知，Steller是为那些缺少关爱和尊重的人免费理发，所以短语“living on the margins”意为“缺乏关爱和关注地生活”，故选A项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Steller得了溃疡性结肠炎后，头发稀少，所以妈妈给她安排了一次专业的理发，那次理发经历让她感觉到被关爱，不那么孤独了，再结合倒数第四段“After that, Steller knew she wanted to have her own hair salon so she could help people feel the way she’d felt that day.(从那之后，Steller知道她想拥有自己的理发店，这样就可以帮助人感觉到她那天感受到的)”可知，是Steller自己的一次正式理发经历让她想开自己的理发店。故选C项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Her hope is that by reading about kind acts, others will be inspired to do their own.(她的希望是通过读善良的行为，别人也会被鼓励自己做善事)”可知，Steller Kindness Project的目的是鼓励人们传播善意。故选B项。
C
We all know the value of taking a walk in the fresh spring weather. It allows your mind to relax and forget about the problems in everyday life. Studies have commonly shown the benefits of being around green spaces, including gardens, urban parks and forests.
But did you know that being in contact with these natural surroundings during childhood could positively impact (影响) your mental health as an adult?
A study by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe, including Spain, the Netherlands, Lithuania and the UK.
The all-adult study gave participants a questionnaire (问卷) on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood — for example, playing in a garden, riding a bike at the park or hiking in a forest. They were also asked about the importance they put on using such places.
Volunteers were then given a psychological (心理) test, which included a variety of questionnaires and problem-solving activities, to analyze their nervousness and feelings of depression (抑郁) within a four-week period.
The results consistently showed that the people who were more exposed (暴露的) to natural spaces had higher mental health scores compared to those with lower childhood exposure — as did those who attached higher importance to using green spaces.
The study’s coordinator (协调员), Wilma Zijlema, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”. She also stressed the importance of “recognizing the implications (含义) of growing up in environments with limited opportunities for exposure to nature”.
According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access (接触机会) to natural spaces. Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of ISGlobal’s Urban Planning, said that “Many children in Europe lead an indoor lifestyle…so we call on policymakers to improve the availability (可得性) of natural spaces for children.”
While this study was based in Europe, a lack of green space can affect anyone, anywhere. So remember to make time to immerse yourself in nature, as your mental health is just as important as the physical one.
28. What was the purpose of the ISGlobal’s walking study?
A. To examine the advantages of taking a walk.
B. To understand the mental health problems of children.
C. To see how childhood experiences shape adult life.
D. To study the influence of childhood exposure to natural spaces.
29. What do we know about the study?
A. The participants included both children and adults.
B. The participants were from all over the world.
C. It consisted of a questionnaire and a psychological test.
D. It focused on the participants’ physical health state.
30. What do Paragraphs 7-8 mainly talk about?
A. The results of the study.
B. The value of the study.
C. The method of the study.
D. The process of the study.
31. What does the underlined word “immerse” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Lose oneself in something.
B. Understand something.
C. Protect against something.
D. Imagine doing something.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项对“绿色空间的好处”的调查研究，研究发现童年时接触自然环境会对成年后的心理健康产生积极影响。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段But did you know that being in contact with these natural surroundings during childhood could positively impact (影响) your mental health as an adult? (但你知道童年时接触这些自然环境会对成年后的心理健康产生积极影响吗？)及第三段A study by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe, including Spain, the Netherlands, Lithuania and the UK.(巴塞罗那全球健康研究所的一项研究调查了来自欧洲各地的3600人，包括西班牙、荷兰、立陶宛和英国)可推知，ISGlobal步行研究的目的是研究儿童接触自然空间的影响。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的The all-adult study gave participants a questionnaire (问卷) on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood (这项全成人的研究向参与者发放了一份问卷，询问他们在童年时期使用自然空间的频率)及第五段中的Volunteers were then given a psychological (心理的) test (志愿者被给定一个心理测试)可知，这项研究由问卷调查和心理测试组成。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第七段中的The study’s coordinator (协调员), Wilma Zijlema, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”.(这项研究的协调人威尔玛·兹杰勒玛写道，研究结果“显示了童年时期接触自然环境对成年后培养欣赏自然的态度和健康的心理状态的重要性”)及第八段中的According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access (接触机会) to natural spaces. (根据这项研究，73%的欧洲人只能有限地进入自然空间)可知，第七、八段主要讨论的是研究的结果。故选A。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项“绿色空间的好处”的调查研究，研究发现童年时接触自然环境会对成年后的心理健康产生积极影响。因此作者应该是呼吁人们去接触自然环境。由此推知，划线词immerse与Lose oneself in something.(使自己沉溺于某事)意思接近。故选A。
D
You have probably heard of the Mozart effect. It’s the idea that if children or even babies listen to music composed by Mozart, they will become more intelligent. A quick Internet search reveals plenty of products to assist you in the task. Whatever your age is there are CDs and books to help you taste the power of Mozart’s music, but when it comes to scientific evidence that it can make you more clever, the picture is more mixed.
The phrase “the Mozart effect” was made up in 1991, but it was a study described two years later in the journal Nature that sparked real media and public interest about the idea that listening to classical music somehow improves the brain. It is one of those ideas that sound reasonable. Mozart was undoubtedly a genius himself; his music is complex and there is a hope that if we listen to enough of it, we’ll become more intelligent.
The idea took off, with thousands of parents playing Mozart to their children, and in 1998Zell Miller, the Governor of the state of Georgia in the US, even asked for money to be set aside in the state budget so that every newborn baby could be sent a CD of classical music. It was not just babies and children who were exposed to Mozart’s music on purpose, even an Italian farmer proudly explained that the cows were played Mozart three times a day to help them produce better milk.
I’ll leave the debate on the impact on milk yield to farmers, but what about the evidence that listening to Mozart makes people more intelligent? More research was carried out but an analysis of sixteen different studies confirmed that listening to music does lead to a temporary improvement in the ability to handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are short-lived and it doesn’t make us more intelligent.
32. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A. Mozart composed many musical pieces for children.
B. Children listening to Mozart will be more intelligent.
C. There are few products on the Internet about Mozart’s music.
D. There is little scientific evidence to support the Mozart effect.
33. Why did many people believe in the idea of the Mozart effect?
A. Because a study described it in the journal Nature.
B. Because Mozart himself was a genius.
C. Because Mozart’s music is enjoyable.
D. Because Mozart’s music makes people relaxed.
34. What is the author’s attitude towards the Mozart effect?
A. Favorable. B. Subjective. C. Doubtful. D. Positive.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍许多人相信听莫扎特的音乐会让人更聪明，但研究表明这种影响是短暂的，并不能让人们更加聪明。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whatever your age is there are CDs and books to help you taste the power of Mozart’s music, but when it comes to scientific evidence that it can make you more clever, the picture is more mixed.(无论你的年龄是多少，都有CD和书籍可以帮助你品味莫扎特音乐的力量，但当涉及到科学证据表明它可以让你更聪明时，情况就更复杂了)”可知，几乎没有科学证据支持莫扎特效应——听莫扎特音乐能让你更聪明。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mozart was undoubtedly a genius himself; his music is complex and there is a hope that if we listen to enough of it, we’ll become more intelligent.(毫无疑问，莫扎特本人就是一个天才；他的音乐是复杂的，我们希望，如果我们听得足够多，我们就会变得更聪明)”可知，很多人相信莫扎特效应是因为莫扎特自己是一个天才。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“More research was carried out but an analysis of sixteen different studies confirmed that listening to music does lead to a temporary improvement in the ability to handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are short-lived and it doesn’t make us more intelligent.(虽然进行了更多的研究，但是对16个不同研究的分析证实，听音乐确实能够暂时提高我们的心智处理形状的能力，但是好处是短暂的，并不能使我们变得更聪明)”可推知，作者对莫扎特效应的态度是怀疑的。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Study More Effectively
No matter whether you are preparing for some specific course, a professional degree, or an entrance exam, it’s important to maximize study time and improve the efficiency of study.
____35____ You can use a calendar, an app, or a pinboard time table to draft a schedule that works best for you. Include the study time, sleep, and the socializing time in the schedule. Make sure you give yourself more time than you think you need, especially if it’s a subject you struggle with.
You can also cut your study time into short sessions. Your most productive studying typically occurs within the first 25 to 30 minutes of hitting books, so try to study in 30 minutes, and take a 5—10 minute break, so that you are able to absorb and consolidate the information. ____36____
Studying isn’t only spending hours and hours on list of what you think will be on an exam or quiz. ____37____ This can be done through a six-step approach: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. You should focus on a method that will help you achieve a higher level of learning. The higher levels of learning focus on asking questions such as what if, how and why rather than where, what and who.
____38____ Research shows that being tested is not only useful in evaluating how well you have learned something but also valuable for avoiding future mistakes. Answering questions unsuccessfully can help you understand concepts better. If your professor offers you practice exams, take them home and learn from them. Understand why you got certain questions wrong and others right. ____39____ Force each other to expand answers in order to understand the material better.
Following the suggestions to study more effectively will mean shorter and more efficient study sessions, and eventually, better grades!
A. You can quiz yourself whenever possible.
B. Effective studying starts with the right attitude.
C. It is important to study in a smart way and go the extra mile.
D. Study with friends or classmates and question each other on the material.
E. You are more likely to do well before a quiz when you have time to review.
F. Creating a schedule is the first and most important thing to maximize your study time.
G. This is why a certain balance should be made and studying time should be cut into shorter sessions.
【答案】35. F 36. G 37. C 38. A 39. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。无论你是在准备一些特定的课程，专业学位，还是入学考试，最大限度地利用学习时间，提高学习效率都是很重要的。文章主要介绍了一些更有效学习的方法。
【35题详解】
根据后文“You can use a calendar, an app, or a pinboard time table to draft a schedule that works best for you. Include the study time, sleep, and the socializing time in the schedule. Make sure you give yourself more time than you think you need, especially if it’s a subject you struggle with.(你可以使用日历、应用程序或针板时间表来起草最适合你的时间表。包括学习时间、睡眠时间和社交时间。确保你给自己的时间比你认为自己需要的更多，尤其是当这是一个你正在努力克服的问题时)”可知，本段的建议是制定学习时间表，F选项中a schedule对应后文中a schedule。故F选项“制定学习计划是最大化你的学习时间的首要也是最重要的事情”符合语境，故选F。
【36题详解】
根据上文“You can also cut your study time into short sessions. Your most productive studying typically occurs within the first 25 to 30 minutes of hitting books, so try to study in 30 minutes, and take a 5—10 minute break, so that you are able to absorb and consolidate the information.(你也可以把你的学习时间缩短。 你最有效的学习通常发生在阅读的前25 - 30分钟，所以试着在30分钟学习，休息5到10分钟，以便你能够吸收和巩固知识)”可知，上文提到的建议是缩短学习时间，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续对这一做法进行说明，G选项中be cut into shorter sessions对应上文中cut your study time into short sessions。故G选项“这就是为什么应该做出某种平衡，把学习时间缩短为更短的时间”符合语境，故选G。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Studying isn’t only spending hours and hours on list of what you think will be on an exam or quiz.(学习并不仅仅是花费大量的时间在你认为会在考试或小测验中出现的东西上)”以及后文“This can be done through a six-step approach: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. You should focus on a method that will help you achieve a higher level of learning. The higher levels of learning focus on asking questions such as what if, how and why rather than where, what and who.(这可以通过六个步骤来实现：记忆、理解、应用、分析、评估和创造。你应该专注于一种能帮助你达到更高水平学习的方法。更高层次的学习侧重于问“如果”、“如何”和“为什么”等问题，而不是“在哪里”、“做什么”和“谁”)”可知，上文提到“学习并不仅仅是花费大量的时间在你认为会在考试或小测验中出现的东西上”，后文则提到了学习的六个步骤，可知本句应承接上文继续说明学习方式。故C选项“以一种聪明的方式学习并加倍努力是很重要的”符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
根据后文“Research shows that being tested is not only useful in evaluating how well you have learned something but also valuable for avoiding future mistakes.(研究表明，接受测试不仅有助于评估你学到了什么，而且对避免未来的错误也很有价值)”可知，后文提到了接受测试的好处，可知本句是在建议测试自己，A选项中quiz对应后文中being tested。故A选项“你可以随时测试自己”符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
根据后文“Force each other to expand answers in order to understand the material better.(为了更好地理解材料，迫使对方展开答案)”可知，后文提到了迫使对方展开答案，可知本句是在说明后文提到的“对方”包括哪些人，D选项中question对应后文answers。故D选项“与朋友或同学一起学习，并就材料互相提问”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Good Taste of Knowledge
The aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct. The cultured man or the ideal educated man is not necessarily one who is well-read or learned, but one who likes and dislikes the right things. To know what to love and what to hate is to have taste in knowledge.
Nothing is more annoying than to meet a person at a party whose mind is crammed (填塞)full with historical dates and figures and who is extremely well-posted on current international affairs, but whose attitudes or points of view are all wrong. I have met such people. They do have great academic knowledge, but no good judgment or taste. Being knowledgeable is a mere matter of the cramming of facts or information while having good taste is a matter of artistic judgment. In speaking of a scholar, the Chinese generally distinguish between their scholarship, conduct and taste.
An educated man, therefore, is one who has the right loves and hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. Now, to have taste requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, the independence of judgment, and the unwillingness to be affected by any form of power.
When a man is wrong, he is wrong, and there is no need for one to be impressed by a great name or by the number of books that he has read and we haven’t.
Taste, then is closely associated with courage, as the Chinese always associated dan (胆) with shi(识). And courage or independence of judgment, as we know, is such a rare virtue among humankind. We see this intellectual courage or independence during the childhood of all thinkers and writers who in later life amount to anything. Such a person refuses to be impressed by a philosophic vogue or a fashionable theory, even though it is backed by the greatest name. This is taste in knowledge.
No doubt such intellectual courage or independence of judgment requires a certain childish, naive(单纯的) confidence in oneself, but this self is the only thing that one can cling to, and the moment a student gives up his right of personal judgment, he is in for accepting all the dishonest and insincere of life.
40. According to the author, what is the goal of education?
________________________________________________________
41. Why is a well-read man not necessarily an educated one?
________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
➣ Intellectual courage or independence of judgment builds confidence in oneself.
________________________________________________________
43. Please name one person with the qualities of dan and shi in Chinese history and explain what about this person makes you think so.(In about 40words)
________________________________________________________
【答案】40. The goal of education is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct.
41. Being knowledgeable is a mere matter of the cramming of facts or information while having good taste is a matter of artistic judgment. An educated man has the right loves and hatreds and they have a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, the independence of judgment, and the unwillingness to be affected by any form of power. So a well-read man not necessarily an educated one.
42. Intellectual courage or independence of judgment builds confidence in oneself.
Intellectual courage or independence of judgment requires a certain childish, naive confidence in oneself. The word “builds” is wrong.
43. For example, one person with the qualities of dan and shi in Chinese history is Confucius. Confucius seemed to liave felt that scholarship without thinking was more dangerous than thinking unbacked by scholarship; he said, “Thinking without learning makes one flighty, and learning without thinking is a disaster.” He must have seen enough students of the latter type in his days for him to utter this warning, a warning very much needed in the modern schools.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们一个理想的受过教育的人，不一定要学富五车，而只须明于鉴别善恶；能够辨别何者是可爱，何者是可憎的，即是在智识上能鉴别。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“The aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct. (教育或文化的目的仅仅是培养良好的知识品味和良好的行为方式。)”可知，教育的目的培养良好的知识品味和良好的行为方式。故答案为The goal of education is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“They do have great academic knowledge, but no good judgment or taste. Being knowledgeable is a mere matter of the cramming of facts or information while having good taste is a matter of artistic judgment. (他们确实有渊博的学术知识，但没有良好的判断力和品味。知识渊博仅仅是对事实或信息的填鸭式记忆，而有品位则是艺术判断的问题。)”以及第三段“An educated man, therefore, is one who has the right loves and hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. Now, to have taste requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, the independence of judgment, and the unwillingness to be affected by any form of power. ( 因此，一个受过教育的人是一个有正确的爱和恨的人。我们称之为品味，品味带来魅力。要有品味，需要有一种彻底思考事物的能力，独立的判断能力，以及不愿受任何形式的权力影响的能力。)”可知，读书很多的人只是对知识的填鸭式记忆，而一个真正受过教育的人应该是有深入思考能力和有独立判断能力的人。所以读书很多的人并不一定是受过教育的人。故答案为Being knowledgeable is a mere matter of the cramming of facts or information while having good taste is a matter of artistic judgment. An educated man has the right loves and hatreds and they have a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, the independence of judgment, and the unwillingness to be affected by any form of power. So a well-read man not necessarily an educated one.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“No doubt such intellectual courage or independence of judgment requires a certain childish, naive(单纯的) confidence in oneself(毫无疑问，这种智力上的勇气或独立判断需要一定的幼稚，单纯的对自己的信心)”可知，这种智力的勇气和独立判断需要信心不是建立信心。故答案为Intellectual courage or independence of judgment builds confidence in oneself. Intellectual courage or independence of judgment requires a certain childish, naive confidence in oneself. The word “builds” is wrong.
【43题详解】
考查观点态度。根据问题“Please name one person with the qualities of dan and shi in Chinese history and explain what about this person makes you think so. (请说出中国历史上一个具有“胆”和“识”特质的人的名字，并解释为什么你会这样认为)”。 例如孔子，孔子似乎一直认为，没有思想的学术比没有学术支持的思想更危险；他说：“思而不学则罔，学而不思则殆。”他在他的时代一定见过很多后一种类型的学生，才会发出这样的警告，这是现代学校非常需要的警告。故答案为For example, one person with the qualities of dan and shi in Chinese history is Confucius. Confucius seemed to liave felt that scholarship without thinking was more dangerous than thinking unbacked by scholarship; he said, “Thinking without learning makes one flighty, and learning without thinking is a disaster.” He must have seen enough students of the latter type in his days for him to utter this warning, a warning very much needed in the modern schools.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你所在的校篮球队正在招收新队员，请给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他加入，内容包括：
1.邀请原因及球队简介；
2.报名方式及截止日期。
注意: 1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：recruit new players
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m writing to tell you that our school’s basketball team is recruiting new members. I know you’re very good at playing basketball. Why not take this opportunity to join our school team? Some details about the team are as follows.
The coaching team is very professional and our school team has won many awards in various competitions. We have regular training for about two hours on the playground after school every Friday. If you want to apply for the membership, you are required to fill in the application form and submit it to school sports office by this Friday.
Are you interested? If you need any help, I would be very glad to help you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他加入你校篮球队，内容包括：邀请原因及球队简介；报名方式及截止日期。
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会：opportunity→chance
各种各样的：various→a variety of
比赛：competitions→contests
高兴：glad→happy
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The coaching team is very professional and our school team has won many awards in various competitions.
拓展句：Not only is the coaching team very professional but also our school team has won many awards in various competitions.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m writing to tell you that our school’s basketball team is recruiting new members.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] If you want to apply for the membership, you are required to fill in the application form and submit it to school sports office by this Friday. (运用了if引导的状语从句)
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