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北京市西城区2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市西城区2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末试卷（Word版附解析），共23页。
北京市西城区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试
英语
第Ⅰ卷 (共80 分)
I. 听力理解（共三节，30 分）
第一节: (共4 小题; 每小题2 分，共8 分)
听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选 项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What will the weather be like on Saturday?
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy.
2. How will the man exercise?
A. Walk. B. Play football. C. Jog.
3. What will the speakers do on Sunday afternoon?
A. Make a new pizza.
B. Do some gardening.
C. Attend a book-launch event.
4. What are the speakers talking about?
A. A kind of food. B. A close relative. C. A new restaurant.
第二节:（共6 小题；每小题2 分，共12 分）
听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选 项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。
听第 5 段材料，回答第 5 至第 6 小题。
5. What will the woman buy for her daughter?
A. A hat. B. A school bag. C. A set of dishes.
6. Which floor will the woman go to first?
A. The second floor. B. The third floor. C. The sixth floor.
听第 6 段材料，回答第 7 至第 8 小题。
7. Where are the speakers?
A. In the mountains. B. At the airport. C. On a plane.
8. How does the man feel about his trip?
A. Sad. B. Nervous. C. Interested.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 9 至第10 小题。
9. What is the man?
A. A travel agent. B. A TV host. C. A marketing manager.
10. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The woman’s volunteer experiences.
B. The woman’s career plans.
C. The woman’s travel stories.
第三节：（共5 小题；每小题2 分，共10 分）
听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第 11 题至第 15 题的 关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。
How to Improve Communication with Your Parents
Make time to have 11 conversations.
● Talk to your parents about your everyday life.
● 12 them to share how their day went or what they are working on.
● Call them at least three times a week or video chat frequently.
Be open and 13 .
● If an issue is important to you, bring it up.
● Avoid getting trapped in the blame game.
● Allow time for them to respond and share how they feel.
Use some techniques to facilitate difficult conversations.
● Take a 14 .
● Listen to your parents’ needs or wants.
● Express your 15 .
II. 完形填空（共10 小题；每小题1 分，共10 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选 出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Belfast community was busy helping a deaf woman find her beloved dog “Ruthie” the past couple of days.
Ruthie went ____1____ several days ago when she jumped out of the car wearing her retractable leash (伸缩皮带). Marina Delune, her ____2____, posted on her community website that she needed help looking for her lost dog. She thought only a few people would ____3____. So she was surprised when help started to pour in. “The response that I got was literally overwhelming,” Marina said. “It was extraordinary. I couldn’t even ____4____ all the responses.”
A doctor named Kimberly Mitchell headed to Marina’s house to help her out. When she pulled into the driveway, she sensed that Ruthie was just nearby. Despite the cold rain, Kimberly ____5____ the yard. Later on she expanded her ____6____ to the neighbors’ yards, but ____7____ came up empty-handed.
It was dark by the time she rounded the corner of a neighbor’s house and saw a small hole in the bottom of their deck. Kimberly used her cell phone flashlight to look around in the darkness. “Right there under the deck, I ____8____ her little face. She was looking right at me.”
It turned out Ruthie’s leash was stuck. The house’s owner, Collin Brewster Cunning, crawled under the deck and ____9____ her. The reunion of Ruthie and Marina was nothing but emotional. Marina cried and held on to Ruthie and her two rescuers. “We were in a three-way ____10____ with Ruthie in the middle. It was absolutely amazing,” Kimberly said.
1. A. racing B. missing C. crying D. hunting
2. A. doctor B. neighbor C. owner D. driver
3. A. return B. respond C. research D. remember
4. A. keep up with B. put up with C. come up with D. end up with
5. A. crossed B. checked C. cleaned D. visited
6. A. plan B. service C. program D. search
7. A. once B. even C. still D. only
8. A. saw B. hid C. covered D. studied
9. A. found B. caught C. freed D. located
10. A. tie B. contest C. deal D. hug
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了贝尔法斯特社区的人们帮助一位聋哑妇女寻到她心爱的狗“露丝”的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：露丝几天前失踪了，当时她戴着可伸缩的皮带从车里跳了出来。A. racing比赛；B. missing错过、失踪（的）；C. crying哭泣；D. hunting打猎。根据上文“The Belfast community was busy helping a deaf woman find her beloved dog “Ruthie” the past couple of days.(贝尔法斯特社区在过去的几天里忙着帮助一位聋哑妇女寻找她心爱的狗“露丝”)”可知，露丝失踪了。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的主人玛丽娜·德鲁恩在她的社区网站上发帖说，她需要帮助寻找她丢失的狗。A. doctor医生；B. neighbor邻居；C. owner主人、所有者；D. driver司机。根据后文“she needed help looking for her lost dog”可知，Marina Delune是狗的主人，故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她以为只有少数人会回应。A. return返回；B. respond回答、回应；C. research研究；D. remember记得。根据上文“posted on her community website”可知，此处指对帖子的回应。后文“all the responses”也是提示。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我甚至跟不上所有回复。A. keep up with跟上；B. put up with忍受；C. come up with想出；D. end up with结束。根据上文“The response that I got was literally overwhelming(我得到的回应简直是压倒性的)”可知，帖子太多了，她跟不上速度，故选A。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管下着冷雨，金伯利还是检查了一下院子。A. crossed交叉；B. checked检查；C. cleaned清理；D. visited拜访。根据后文“the yard”指检查院子帮忙找狗。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，她把搜索范围扩大到邻居的院子里，但仍然空手而归。A. plan计划；B. service服务；C. program项目；D. search搜索。根据后文“to the neighbors’ yards”可知，她把搜索范围扩大到邻居的院子里了，故选D。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来，她把搜索范围扩大到邻居的院子里，但仍然空手而归。A. once曾经；B. even甚至；C. still仍然；D. only仅仅。根据后文“came up empty-handed”可知，扩大了搜索范围仍然空手而归。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在甲板下面，我看到了一张小脸。A. saw看见；B. hid隐藏；C. covered覆盖；D. studied学习。根据后文“her little face. She was looking right at me.”可知，指看到了狗的脸，故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：房子的主人科林·布鲁斯特·康宁爬到甲板下，把她救了出来。A. found找到；B. caught抓住；C. freed释放；D. located定位。根据上文“It turned out Ruthie’s leash was stuck.(结果露丝的皮带卡住了)”可知，房子的主人把狗释放了出来，故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们三个人拥抱在一起，露丝在中间。A. tie领带；B. contest比赛；C. deal交易；D. hug拥抱。结合上文“Marina cried and held on to Ruthie and her two rescuers.(玛丽娜哭着抱住露丝和她的两个救援人员)”指三人拥抱在一起，狗在中间，故选D。
III. 阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Uses of Banana Peels (皮) You Probably Ignored
Soothes the itchy (发痒的) insect bites
With the good weather approaching, various bugs, insects and mosquitoes multiply. If you want to relieve the sting or bite of these insects naturally, banana peel can help you. Rub the red, inflamed bites with the inside of the banana peel. The banana polysaccharides (多糖) infiltrate the skin and reduce the swell.
________________
Spring then summer is coming, and there’s one little annoying thing: the flies. To catch them, you can make a trap made of natural ingredients. All you will need is a large yogurt cup, banana peels, a hammer and a nail. Make holes at the bottom of the yogurt cup with the hammer and nail, place the banana peels inside, turn it over, and place it near the food that you are trying to protect. Flies will get into the sweet smell in the holes, but there is no way out of the yogurt cup.
Cheap and simple teeth whitening
You don’t have to spend a huge amount of your salary on aesthetic dentistry to make your teeth whiter. Simply rub your freshly-brushed teeth with the inside of the banana peel every day for about 2 minutes. Salicylic acid in bananas gently bleaches teeth, effectively eliminating dirt which causes discoloration.
Water purification
This effect was the most surprising for us. The Sao Paulo Research Foundation, led by Gustavo R. Castro, tested the suitability of banana peels for the treatment of wastewater from industrial plants. It turned out that the banana peel adsorbs heavy metals such as lead and copper from the water.
Erases the ink stain (污点)
If ink gets on your skin, it is difficult to clean it off. Only with water and soap is it almost impossible to make your hands clean. But the good news is that the banana peel is good for that—rub the patches on the inside of the peel and see how they disappear.
11. According to the passage, in which of the following situations can banana peels be of some help?
A. You are disturbed by mosquitoes flying nearby.
B. You are bitten by a bee in the garden.
C. You are suffering from a toothache.
D. Your coat is stained with oil.
12. Which of the following is the best heading for paragraph 2?
A. Facial mask B. Pain Reliever
C. Natural fly trap D. Reduces wrinkles
13. How can banana peels help purify water?
A. By protecting the water from insects.
B. By reducing some chemical elements.
C. By adding some nutrition to the water.
D. By removing the smell of the wastewater.
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了香蕉皮的用途。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to relieve the sting or bite of these insects naturally, banana peel can help you. Rub the red, inflamed bites with the inside of the banana peel. The banana polysaccharides (多糖) infiltrate the skin and reduce the swell.(如果你想自然地减轻这些昆虫的叮咬，香蕉皮可以帮助你。用香蕉皮内侧摩擦红肿的咬痕。香蕉多糖能渗透皮肤，消肿。)”可推断，当你被蜜蜂蜇伤后，你可以用香蕉皮内侧摩擦红肿的咬痕，从而消肿。故选B。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。空处为小标题，为本段的主要内容。根据下文“Spring then summer is coming, and there’s one little annoying thing: the flies. To catch them, you can make a trap made of natural ingredients. All you will need is a large yogurt cup, banana peels, a hammer and a nail. Make holes at the bottom of the yogurt cup with the hammer and nail, place the banana peels inside, turn it over, and place it near the food that you are trying to protect. Flies will get into the sweet smell in the holes, but there is no way out of the yogurt cup.(春天和夏天都来了，有一件事很烦人：苍蝇。为了捕捉它们，你可以用天然原料做一个陷阱。你所需要的只是一个大酸奶杯、香蕉皮、一把锤子和一颗钉子。用锤子和钉子在酸奶杯的底部打洞，把香蕉皮放进去，把它翻过来，放在你想要保护的食物附近。苍蝇会钻进香甜的洞里，却没有办法从酸奶杯里出来。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是我们可以用香蕉皮来制作一个陷阱用来捕捉苍蝇。选项C“Natural fly trap(天然捕蝇器)”符合本段主要内容。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“It turned out that the banana peel adsorbs heavy metals such as lead and copper from the water.(事实证明，香蕉皮可以吸附水中的铅和铜等重金属。)”可知，香蕉皮通过吸附水中的铅和铜等重金属来净化水。故选B。
B
South Africa’s viniculture industry employs around 270,000 people, producing some of the world’s most sought-after wines. But not all jobs are best left to humans. In some cases, it’s better to get your ducks in a row, and then put them to work.
Outside Cape Town on the banks of the Eerste river, Vergenoegd Löw, the Wine Estate, has repurposed a centuries-old practice by gathering a group of ducks to keep its vineyards free of pests. “I call our ducks the soldiers of our vineyards,” says managing director Corius Visser. “They will eat aphids, they will eat snails, they will eat small worms—they keep (it) completely pest-free.”
The species, the Indian runner duck, is flightless, with a peculiarly upright stance and highly developed sense of smell. The duck troops are employed on a 14-day circuit through the vineyards, eating and fertilizing the ground as they go.
The ducks’ “annual leave” takes place during the harvest (they’d eat the grapes). During this time they search for food on open farm pasture, swim in a nearby lake and undergo selective breeding, says Visser.
Duck eggs are consumed in the vineyard restaurant, but never the ducks themselves—“that would be like eating a colleague,” Gavin Moyes, the estate’s tasting room manager, said in a 2020 interview.
Inspired by ducks used to remove pests from rice paddies in Asia, the winery calls on the services of some 1,600 ducks as part of its effort to make wine production more sustainable. “The world is moving away from more conventional farming to (being) a bit more organic,” Visser explains. “For Vergenoegd, it’s a big goal … to have less influence on the Earth, the soil and the environment.”
As a pioneering winemaker with industry influence—vines have been grown on the estate since the late 17th century—Vergenoegd Löw is hoping to convince others to adopt its approach. Visser says the vineyard plans to sell 750 ducks to other vineyards and replenish numbers by breeding the birds.
“I think the industry itself has the potential to engage more in experimental ways,” he adds. That requires money, and increasing the price point of South African wines could help fund Vergenoegd Löw and other vineyards’ green initiatives.
“If we can achieve that, we can then put back some of that (income) into our people, into our land, and become more sustainable,” Visser says.
14. What’s the function of the ducks in the vineyards?
A. To keep the vineyards free of pests. B. To guard the vineyards from thieves.
C. To make the vineyards more attractive. D. To provide eggs and meat for the vineyard restaurant.
15. According to the passage, the ducks in the vineyards ______.
A. help harvest the grapes B. have a sharp sense of taste
C. fly around the vineyard freely D. leave the vineyard at a certain time
16. Based on what Visser said, which of the following might happen?
A. More vineyards will have duck “soldiers”.
B. The price point of South African wines will fall.
C. The vineyards will depend more on conventional farming.
D The winery will come up with more ways to experiment on ducks.
17. Which of the following words can best describe the vineyard’s approach of using ducks?
A. Efficient. B. Advanced. C. Challenging. D. Green.
【答案】14. A 15. D 16. A 17. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一个葡萄酒庄园利用鸭子来使葡萄园远离害虫。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Outside Cape Town on the banks of the Eerste river, Vergenoegd Löw, the Wine Estate, has repurposed a centuries-old practice by gathering a group of ducks to keep its vineyards free of pests.(在开普敦郊外的埃尔斯特河畔，Vergenoegd Löw葡萄酒庄园重新利用了一个有几百年历史的做法，养了一群鸭子，让葡萄园免受害虫的侵害)”可知，葡萄园里的鸭子可以使葡萄园远离害虫。故选A。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The ducks’ “annual leave” takes place during the harvest (they’d eat the grapes).(鸭子的“年假”发生在收获季节（它们会吃葡萄）)”可知，葡萄园里的鸭子在特定的时间离开葡萄园。故选D。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Visser says the vineyard plans to sell 750 ducks to other vineyards and replenish numbers by breeding the birds.(Visser说，葡萄园计划向其他葡萄园出售750只鸭子，并通过繁殖鸟类来补充数量)”可知，更多的葡萄园将会有鸭子“士兵”。故选A。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““If we can achieve that, we can then put back some of that (income) into our people, into our land, and become more sustainable,” Visser says.(Visser说：“如果我们能做到这一点，我们就可以把一部分（收入）投入到我们的人民和土地上，变得更加可持续。”)”可推知，葡萄园使用鸭子的方法绿色环保。故选D。
C
This week I watched an international news program and saw what looked like most of the planet—the Americas, Africa, Europe, Asia—painted in bright oranges and reds. Fahrenheit (华氏温度的) temperatures in three-digit numbers seemed to burn all over on the world map.
Heat records have burst around the globe. This very weekend, crops are burning, roads are bending and seas are rising, while lakes recede, or even disappear. Ice sheets melt in rising heat, and wildfires attack forests. People are dying in this heat. Lives of all kinds are threatened, in cities, fields, seas, deserts and forests. Wildlife, farm animals, insects and human beings are in pain.
The UN’s World Meteorological Organization (WMO) says there is more deadly heat in our future because of climate change caused by our species on this planet. Even with advances in wind, solar and other alternative energy sources, and international promises and agreements, the world still derives about 80% of its energy from fossil fuels, like oil, gas and coal, which release the carbon dioxide that’s warmed the climate to the current temperatures of this hot summer. The WMO’s chief, Petteri Taalas, said this week, “In the future these kinds of heatwaves are going to be normal.”
The most alarming word in his forecast might be: “normal.” I’m of a generation that thought of summer as a sunny time for children. I think of long days spent outdoors without worry, playing games or just wandering. John Updike wrote in his poem, “June”:
The sun is rich
And gladly pays
In golden hours,
Silver days,
And long green weeks
That never end.
School’s out. The time
Is ours to spend.
There’s Little League
Hopscotch, the creek,
And, after supper,
Hide-and-seek.
The live-long light
Is like a dream...
But now that bright, “live-long light,” of which Updike wrote, might look threatening in a summer like this.
The extremely hot weeks that we see this year cause one to wonder if our failures to care for the planet given to us will make our children look forward to summer, or fear another season of heat.
18. What does the underlined word “derive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Get. B. Reduce. C. Waste. D. Save.
19. According to WMO, ______.
A. alternative energy is the solution to climate change
B. the heatwaves are caused by the advanced technology
C. agreements need to be signed to deal with climate change
D. use of traditional energy is responsible for the heatwaves
20. Why does the author mention John Updike’s poem?
A. To describe the beauty of summer.
B. To indicate the end of happy summers.
C. To compare different feelings about summer.
D. To suggest ways for children to spend summer.
21. Which might be the best title for the passage?
A. What leads to a hot summer B. Children are afraid of summer
C. Burning summers are the future D. How we can survive a hot summer
【答案】18. A 19. D 20. B 21. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了全球各地的高温记录不断刷新，解释了背后的原因以及对未来夏季的担忧。
【18题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“about 80% of its energy from fossil fuels, like oil, gas and coal, which release the carbon dioxide that’s warmed the climate to the current temperatures of this hot summer”可知，世界获得的大约80%的能源来自化石燃料，如石油、天然气和煤炭，这些燃料释放的二氧化碳使气候变暖，导致今年炎热的夏天气温上升。故划线词意思是“得到”。故选A。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Even with advances in wind, solar and other alternative energy sources, and international promises and agreements, the world still derives about 80% of its energy from fossil fuels, like oil, gas and coal, which release the carbon dioxide that’s warmed the climate to the current temperatures of this hot summer. The WMO’s chief, Petteri Taalas, said this week, “In the future these kinds of heatwaves are going to be normal.”(即使有了风能、太阳能和其他替代能源的进步，以及国际承诺和协议，世界上仍然有大约80%的能源来自化石燃料，如石油、天然气和煤炭，这些燃料释放的二氧化碳使气候变暖，导致今年炎热的夏天气温上升。世界气象组织总干事Petteri Taalas本周表示：“在未来，这种热浪将成为常态。”)”可知，根据世界气象组织，传统能源的使用是造成热浪的原因。故选D。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The extremely hot weeks that we see this year cause one to wonder if our failures to care for the planet given to us will make our children look forward to summer, or fear another season of heat.(我们今年看到的极端炎热的几周让人怀疑，如果我们没有照顾好我们所拥有的地球，我们的孩子们是否会期待夏天，或者害怕另一个炎热的季节)”可推知，作者提到了约翰·厄普代克的诗是为了表示快乐夏天的结束。故选B。
【21题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“Heat records have burst around the globe. This very weekend, crops are burning, roads are bending and seas are rising, while lakes recede, or even disappear. Ice sheets melt in rising heat, and wildfires attack forests. People are dying in this heat. Lives of all kinds are threatened, in cities, fields, seas, deserts and forests. Wildlife, farm animals, insects and human beings are in pain. (全球各地的高温记录不断刷新。就在这个周末，庄稼在燃烧，道路在弯曲，海平面在上升，而湖泊在退缩，甚至消失。冰盖在升温中融化，野火袭击森林。人们在这样的高温中死去。在城市、田野、海洋、沙漠和森林里，所有种类的生命都受到威胁。野生动物、农场动物、昆虫和人类都在痛苦之中)”可知，文章主要说明了全球各地的高温记录不断刷新，解释了背后的原因以及对未来夏季的担忧。可知，C选项“灼热的夏天是未来”最符合文章标题。故选C。
D
Cornell University researchers have developed a silent-speech recognition interface that uses acoustic-sensing (声学传感) and artificial intelligence to continuously recognize up to 31 unvocalized commands, based on lip and mouth movements. The low-power, wearable eyewear—called EchoSpeech—requires just a few minutes of user training data before it will recognize commands and can be run on a smartphone.
Ruidong Zhang, doctoral student of information science, is the lead author of “EchoSpeech—Continuous Silent Speech Recognition on Minimally-obtrusive Eyewear Powered by Acoustic Sensing,” which will be presented at the Association for Computing Machinery Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) this month in Hamburg, Germany.
“For people who cannot vocalize sound this silent speech technology could be an excellent input for a voice synthesizer. It could give patients their voices back,” Zhang said of the technology’s potential use with further development. In its present form, EchoSpeech could be used to communicate with others via smartphone in places where speech is inconvenient or inappropriate, like a noisy restaurant or quiet library. The silent speech eyewear can also be paired with a stylus (触控笔) and used with design software like CAD, all but erasing the need for a keyboard and a mouse.
Outfitted with a pair of microphones and speakers smaller than pencil erasers, the EchoSpeech become a wearable AI-powered sonar (声呐) system, sending and receiving soundwaves across the face and sensing mouth movements. A deep learning algorithm (算法) then analyzes these echo profiles in real time, with about 95% accuracy.
“We’re moving sonar onto the body,” said Cheng Zhang, assistant professor of information science and director of Cornell’s Smart Computer Interfaces for Future Interactions (SciFi) Lab. “We’re very excited about this system,” he said, “because it really pushes the field forward on performance and privacy. It’s small, low-power and privacy-sensitive, which are all important features for using new, wearable technologies in the real world.”
Most technology in silent-speech recognition is limited to a select set of predetermined commands and requires the user to face or wear a camera, which is neither practical nor achievable, Cheng Zhang said. There also are major privacy concerns involving wearable cameras—for both the user and those with whom the user interacts, he said.
Acoustic-sensing technology like EchoSpeech removes the need for wearable video cameras. And because audio data is much smaller than image or video data, it requires less bandwidth to process and can be relayed to a smartphone via Bluetooth in real time, said François Guimbretière, professor in information science. “And because the data is processed locally on your smartphone instead of uploaded to the cloud,” he said, “privacy-sensitive information never leaves your control.”
22. What do we know about EchoSpeech?
A. It recognizes different body movements. B. It has the potential to help generate voices.
C. It doesn’t need to be instructed about its user. D. It needs to be used with a keyboard and a mouse.
23. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. What EchoSpeech looks like. B. How the algorithm is made accurate.
C. What the mechanism of EchoSpeech is. D. How the algorithm analyzes echo profiles.
24. How is EchoSpeech different from other silent-speech recognition systems?
A. It better protects users’ privacy. B. It is fitted with a smaller video camera.
C. It is based on predetermined commands. D. It sends images and videos via Bluetooth.
25. Regarding the features of EchoSpeech, François Guimbretière is ______.
A. doubtful B. critical C. sympathetic D. unconcerned
【答案】22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了EchoSpeech这种设备只需几分钟的用户训练数据，它就能识别指令，并能在智能手机上运行。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“For people who cannot vocalize sound, this silent speech technology could be an excellent input for a voice synthesizer. It could give patients their voices back(对于不能发声的人来说，这种无声的语音技术可能是语音合成器的一个很好的输入。它可以让病人恢复声音)”可知，EchoSpeech有帮助产生声音的潜力。故选B。
【23题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“Outfitted with a pair of microphones and speakers smaller than pencil erasers, the EchoSpeech become a wearable AI-powered sonar (声呐) system, sending and receiving soundwaves across the face and sensing mouth movements. A deep learning algorithm (算法) then analyzes these echo profiles in real time, with about 95% accuracy.( EchoSpeech配备了一对麦克风和比铅笔橡皮还小的扬声器，成为一种可穿戴的人工智能声纳系统，通过面部发送和接收声波，并感知口腔运动。然后，深度学习算法实时分析这些回波剖面，准确率约为95%)”可知，第四段主要讲的是EchoSpeech的机制是什么。故选C。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“It’s small, low-power and privacy-sensitive, which are all important features for using new, wearable technologies in the real world.(它体积小，功耗低，对隐私敏感，这些都是在现实世界中使用新的可穿戴技术的重要特征)”可知，EchoSpeech与其他无声语音识别系统的不同在于它能更好地保护用户隐私。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“And because audio data is much smaller than image or video data, it requires less bandwidth to process and can be relayed to a smartphone via Bluetooth in real time, said François Guimbretière, professor in information science. “And because the data is processed locally on your smartphone instead of uploaded to the cloud,” he said, “privacy-sensitive information never leaves your control.”(信息科学教授François Guimbretière表示，由于音频数据比图像或视频数据小得多，因此需要更少的带宽来处理，并且可以通过蓝牙实时传输到智能手机。“而且因为数据是在你的智能手机上本地处理的，而不是上传到云端，”他说，“隐私敏感信息永远不会离开你的控制。”)”可推知，François Guimbretière持支持态度，故选C。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Want to make people laugh? _____26_____ Here are a few tips to keep in mind if your goal is to tickle some funny bones.
Consider your audience. Your audience, whether it’s your parents in your living room or a paying crowd at an auditorium, must be able to connect with any situation you describe in your jokes. If they can’t relate to the joke, or if they don’t completely understand it, then it’s simply not funny to them. _____27_____ If you have to explain a joke to someone, the person might eventually understand it, but he or she probably won’t think it’s funny. This is the reason that many jokes don’t translate well into another language. They rely on an understanding of a particular culture. You can translate the words but, without an appreciation for the background, many translated jokes aren’t very funny.
_____28_____ There’s a reason that people say, “Stop me if you’ve heard this one” before telling a joke. If your audience already knows (or can guess) the end of a joke before you tell it, then it’s not going to make them laugh. People laugh at the end of a joke because they’ve been told a story and led toward its ending, (unconsciously) thinking about what will happen next or how it will end. _____29_____ Surprise is part of the reason that you want to learn to tell jokes without laughing. If you laugh, then your listeners expect you to say something funny. If you tell a joke without laughing or smiling, then they’re more surprised when you get to the funny part.
Check your timing. Another important part of humor is timing, or delivering the punch line at the best possible moment. _____30_____ The reason is that this builds tension. The listener knows the end is coming and is waiting for it. When you finally tell the punch line, the listener feels a sense of relief and is more and inclined to laugh.
A. Use surprise.
B. Choose your jokes.
C. Then you’ve got to know what’s funny.
D. Make sure your jokes are often told within limited time.
E. It’s often useful to pause before telling the last line of a joke.
F. When we hear something that wasn’t what we were expecting, we find it funny.
G. People love jokes that, based on their experience, make them say, “That’s so true!”
【答案】26. C 27. G 28. A 29. F 30. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些讲笑话的技巧。
【26题详解】
根据上文“Want to make people laugh?(想让别人笑吗？)”以及后文“Here are a few tips to keep in mind if your goal is to tickle some funny bones.(如果你的目标是逗乐一些有趣的人，这里有一些建议要记住)”可知，本句回答上文让别人笑的问题：那你得知道什么好笑。故C选项“那你得知道什么好笑”符合语境，故选C。
【27题详解】
根据上文“If they can’t relate to the joke, or if they don’t completely understand it, then it’s simply not funny to them.(如果他们无法与这个笑话联系起来，或者他们不能完全理解这个笑话，那么这个笑话对他们来说就一点也不好笑)”可知，上文提到了人们要和笑话联系起来才会觉得好笑，本句旨在说明具体表现：让他们说：“这太对（有意思）了！”，故G选项“人们喜欢这样的笑话，根据他们的经验，让他们说:“这太对（有意思）了！””符合语境，故选G。
【28题详解】
根据后文“If your audience already knows (or can guess) the end of a joke before you tell it, then it’s not going to make them laugh.(如果你的听众在你讲笑话之前就已经知道（或能猜到）一个笑话的结尾，那么这个笑话就不会让他们发笑)”可知，本段的主旨是讲笑话要出其不意，使用惊喜。故A选项“使用惊喜”符合语境，故选A。
【29题详解】
根据上文“If your audience already knows (or can guess) the end of a joke before you tell it, then it’s not going to make them laugh.(如果你的听众在你讲笑话之前就已经知道（或能猜到）一个笑话的结尾，那么这个笑话就不会让他们发笑)”以及后文“Surprise is part of the reason that you want to learn to tell jokes without laughing. If you laugh, then your listeners expect you to say something funny. If you tell a joke without laughing or smiling, then they’re more surprised when you get to the funny part.(惊喜是你想学会不笑着讲笑话的部分原因。如果你笑了，那么你的听众希望你说一些有趣的话。如果你讲笑话时没有大笑或微笑，那么当你讲到有趣的部分时，他们会更惊讶)”可知，本句旨在说明人们听到结局意外的笑话会笑，即觉得有趣，故F选项“当我们听到一些出乎意料的事情时，我们觉得很有趣”符合语境，故选F。
【30题详解】
根据后文“The reason is that this builds tension. The listener knows the end is coming and is waiting for it. When you finally tell the punch line, the listener feels a sense of relief and is more and inclined to laugh.(原因是这会制造紧张感。听者知道你的笑话即将讲完，并在等待它。当你终于说出笑点的时候，听者会有一种轻松的感觉，并且更倾向于笑)”可知，本句是在说明如何制造紧张感，故E选项“在讲笑话的最后一句之前停顿一下通常是有用的”符合语境，故选E。
第Ⅱ卷（共60 分）
I. 选词填空（共7 小题；每小题2 分，共14 分）
用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。
adjustment, faith, capable, judge, impress, logic, comfort
31. The film’s special effects are particularly ________.
32. I have been a (n) ________ reader of your magazine for many years.
33. The materials are soft and ________ to wear.
34. It took a few seconds for her eyes to ________ to the darkness.
35 Animals in the zoo have lost the ________ to catch food for themselves.
36. Computer programming needs someone with a (n) ________ mind.
37. Don’t let your _______ be coloured by personal feelings.
【答案】31. impressive
32. faithful
33. comfortable
34. adjust 35. capability
36. logical
37. judgement
【解析】
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这部电影的特效特别令人印象深刻。结合句意“令人印象深刻”可知应填impress对应的形容词impressive，作表语。故选impressive。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：多年来，我一直是贵杂志的忠实读者。结合句意“忠实的”可知应填faith对应的形容词faithful，作定语修饰名词reader。故选faithful。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：材料柔软，穿着舒适。结合句意“舒适”可知应填comfort对应的形容词comfortable，作表语，主语+be+adj.+to do是固定句型。故选comfortable。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：她的眼睛过了几秒钟才适应黑暗。结合句意“适应”可知应填adjustment对应的动词adjust，此处为it takes/took some time to do sth.，故空处填动词原形。故选adjust。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：动物园里的动物已经失去了为自己捕捉食物的能力。结合句意“能力”可知应填capable对应的名词capability，作宾语，不可数。故选capability。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：计算机编程需要有逻辑思维的人。结合句意“逻辑”可知应填logic对应的形容词logical，作定语修饰名词mind。故选logical。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：不要让你的判断受到个人感情的影响。结合句意“判断”可知应填judge对应的名词judgement，作宾语，不可数。故选judgement。
II. 语法填空（共14 小题；每小题1 分，共14 分）
在未给提示词的空白处填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
38. The plan is designed to motivate employees to work more ________(efficient). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】efficiently
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：该计划旨在激励员工更有效地工作。空处修饰动词work，需用副词efficiently，作状语。故填efficiently。
39. Their flight _______(delay) due to bad weather yesterday afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was delayed
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：由于昨天下午天气不好，他们的航班被推迟了。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合后文yesterday afternoon可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为flight，谓语用单数。故填was delayed。
40. _______(surround) by trees, the house was invisible from the road. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Surrounded
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：房子被树木环绕，从路上看不见。句中已有谓语动词was，分析句子结构可知surround与逻辑主语house构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Surrounded。
41. When Anna got downstairs, she realized that she _______(leave) her car keys in her office. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had left
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：当安娜下楼时，她意识到她把车钥匙忘在办公室了。根据句意，设空处在宾语从句中作谓语，“留”这个动作动作发生在主句动作realized之前，应用过去完成时，故填had left。
42. Every time the dancer _______(stand) on the stage, she is at her best. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stands
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：每次舞蹈演员站在舞台上，她都处于最佳状态。此处在every time引导的状语从句中作谓语，描述习惯性动作，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词stand应用三单形式，故填stands。
43. Considering the actual needs of the students, the school canteen is open to students ______weekends. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】on
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：考虑到学生的实际需要，学校食堂在周末对学生开放。表示“在周末”短语为on weekends，故填on。
44. Given the fast pace of the job market now, 21st century employees are faced with challenges _______ their parents never experienced. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that##which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：鉴于现在就业市场的快节奏，21世纪的员工面临着他们的父辈从未经历过的挑战。此处为限制性定语从句修饰先行词challenges，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导句子，故填that/which。
45. I _______(try) to qualify for the swimming team for three years, but I still can’t quite make the cut. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been trying
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：三年来我一直在努力获得游泳队的资格，但我仍然没有完全通过。根据后文or three years, but I still can’t quite make the cut.可知表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且仍然要继续下去，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been trying。
B
语法填空
My family and I went on a holiday last year to visit some distant ____46____ (relative) I had never met before. They lived in ____47____ flat in New York in the city center. It was ____48____(excite) to visit them and they were very friendly and welcoming! They took us sightseeing and we went to a lot of places.
The one problem I had was sleeping at night. They live on the ground floor of their building ____49____ I could hear all the sounds of the city. During the night, lorries came ____50____(collect) rubbish and they kept me awake. They _____51_____(visit) us in London next year and I can’t wait to show them around.
【答案】46. relatives
47. a 48. exciting
49. so 50. to collect
51. are going to visit
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和家人去拜访远亲的事情。
【46题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：去年，我和家人去度假，拜访了一些以前从未见过的远亲。relative作宾语，由some修饰应用复数形式。故填relatives。
【47题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们住在纽约市中心的一套公寓里。flat为泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意：拜访他们是令人兴奋的，他们非常友好和热情！作表语，应用-ing结尾形容词exciting说明事物的特征。故填exciting。
【49题详解】
考查连词。句意：他们住在一楼，所以我可以听到城市的所有声音。结合前后文语境可知为因果关系，应用连词so。故填so。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：夜里，卡车来收垃圾，弄得我睡不着觉。短语come to do sth.表示“来做某事”。故填to collect。
【51题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们明年要来伦敦看我们，我迫不及待地想带他们四处看看。根据后文next year并根据句意可知，表示按照计划打算要做的事情，用be going to结构，故填are going to visit。
III.书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；第 67、68 题各 2 分，第 69 题 3 分，第 70 题 5 分，共 12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
With the ideal time for harvesting fresh tea leaves approaching, locals celebrated the beginning of the tea-picking season with a spirited ceremony held at Jingmai Mountain in Yunnan province.
This annual event, which takes place towards the end of March, is a tradition among local minorities. Having been around for centuries, it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature. Jingmai Mountain, renowned for its thick forests of ancient tea trees, has been an essential part of the locals’ lives for centuries. People there maintain an ancient method of tea cultivation featuring a unique multi-layered (层) ecosystem, which is regarded as the key to maintaining harmony between humans and nature.
The village has been located halfway up the mountain, close to the tea forest in the middle of the mountain, while farmland is in lower areas with abundant water sources, which can avoid disturbance to tea forests during planting.
The ancient tea forests are now refreshing as the younger generations are introducing new ideas aimed at better developing the tea industry in this area. Xian Gong, 39, started a farmers’ cooperative in 2010 in Jingmai village. Over time, she expanded the initiative by developing it into a company integrating the cooperative, a tea factory, a hostel and a shop under one roof. Today, the tea gardens cover an area of more than 600 hectares and generate an annual output of more than 200 tons, helping nearly 500 households increase their incomes.
A growing number of villagers are embracing new business opportunities by establishing cooperatives, tea factories and homestays. Many have adapted to the latest trends, such as selling tea through live streaming and sharing details of their daily lives and work on social media platforms.
The recent boom in the modern tea industry has motivated the residents to take better care of their ancient tea forests. In addition to their efforts to resist using chemicals and avoid planting other crops in the tea forests, the local government has applied over 20 rules and regulations for the protection of precious ancient tea forests. They hold a strong belief that the tea mountain is the most valuable gift left by their ancestors and it is their due responsibility to protect and make good use of it.
52. Why do the locals celebrate the beginning of the tea-picking season?
__________________________________________________________________________________
53. What is the key feature of the ancient method of tea cultivation?
__________________________________________________________________________________
54. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, and then underline it and explain why.
It is only due to the efforts made by the local residents that the ancient tea forests have been protected.
__________________________________________________________________________________
55. Give another example which mirrors human-nature harmony.
__________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】52. Because it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature.
53. This method of tea cultivation features a unique multi-layered ecosystem.
54. It is only due to the efforts made by the local residents that the ancient tea forests have been protected. It is because of the recent boom in the modern tea industry.
55. One example that mirrors the harmony between humans and nature is sustainable farming practices. Sustainable farming aims to minimize the negative impact on the environment while maximizing the productivity of agricultural activities.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着采摘新鲜茶叶的理想时间的临近，当地人在云南省的景麦山举行了一场热烈的仪式来庆祝采茶季节的开始。文章介绍了当地茶叶种植的历史以及发展情况。
【52题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Having been around for centuries, it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature.(茶林已经存在了几个世纪，在收获大自然的礼物之前，这是一个表达对茶林的尊重的绝佳机会)”可知，当地人庆祝采茶季节的开始是因为这是一个表达对茶林的尊重的绝佳机会。故答案为Because it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature.
【53题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“People there maintain an ancient method of tea cultivation featuring a unique multi-layered (层) ecosystem, which is regarded as the key to maintaining harmony between humans and nature.(那里的人们保持着一种古老的茶叶种植方法，这种方法具有独特的多层生态系统，被认为是维持人与自然和谐相处的关键)”可知，古代茶叶种植方法的主要特点是具有独特的多层生态系统。故答案为This method of tea cultivation features a unique multi-layered ecosystem.
【54题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The recent boom in the modern tea industry has motivated the residents to take better care of their ancient tea forests.(近年来现代茶业的蓬勃发展促使当地居民更好地保护他们的古老茶林)”可知，错误的部分是“due to the efforts made by the local residents”，真正的原因是近年来现代茶业的蓬勃发展。故答案为It is only due to the efforts made by the local residents that the ancient tea forests have been protected. It is because of the recent boom in the modern tea industry.
【55题详解】
考查开放题。根据“再举一个反映人与自然和谐的例子”可回答：反映人与自然和谐的一个例子是可持续农业实践。可持续农业旨在最大限度地减少对环境的负面影响，同时最大限度地提高农业活动的生产力。故答案为One example that mirrors the harmony between humans and nature is sustainable farming practices. Sustainable farming aims to minimize the negative impact on the environment while maximizing the productivity of agricultural activities.
第二节（20 分）
56. 英语课上，同学们在分享未来想从事的职业，请按照下列要求，写一个发言稿，介绍你的想法。内容如下：
1、你希望未来从事什么职业？
2、为什么你选择该职业？
注意：词数100左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Good morning, everyone,
Today, please allow me to deliver a brief speech on the career I will take up in the future. Undoubtedly, I have great expectations for the future job as everyone else does. My dream career is to be a tour guide. Since my early age, I have been admiring tour guides who travel worldwide, enjoying the spectacular scenery, appreciating different cultures and enriching their life experience at the same time. Besides, this career is financially rewarding as well so that I can live a well-off life. Additionally, I will have more opportunities to meet people from all walks of life, which is both challenging and interesting.
That’s all. Thank you for listening.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。英语课上，同学们在分享未来想从事的职业，请按照下列要求，写一个发言稿，介绍你的想法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
壮观的：spectacular→splendid
欣赏：enjoy/appreciate→admire
此外：additionally/besides→what’s more
机会：opportunity→chance
2.句式拓展
变强调句
原句：Since my early age, I have been admiring tour guides who travel worldwide, enjoying the spectacular scenery, appreciating different cultures and enriching their life experience at the same time.
拓展句：It is since my early age that I have been admiring tour guides who travel worldwide, enjoying the spectacular scenery, appreciating different cultures and enriching their life experience at the same time.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Since my early age, I have been admiring tour guides who travel worldwide, enjoying the spectacular scenery, appreciating different cultures and enriching their life experience at the same time. (运用了who引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] Additionally, I will have more opportunities to meet people from all walks of life, which is both challenging and interesting. (运用了which引导非限制性句)
听力：1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A
11. meaningful 12. Encourage 13. honest 14. break 15. opinion
北京市西城区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试
英语
第Ⅰ卷 (共80 分)
I. 听力理解（共三节，30 分）
第一节: (共4 小题; 每小题2 分，共8 分)
听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选 项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What will the weather be like on Saturday?
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy.
2. How will the man exercise?
A. Walk. B. Play football. C. Jog.
3. What will the speakers do on Sunday afternoon?
A. Make a new pizza.
B. Do some gardening.
C. Attend a book-launch event.
4. What are the speakers talking about?
A. A kind of food. B. A close relative. C. A new restaurant.
第二节:（共6 小题；每小题2 分，共12 分）
听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选 项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。
听第 5 段材料，回答第 5 至第 6 小题。
5. What will the woman buy for her daughter?
A. A hat. B. A school bag. C. A set of dishes.
6. Which floor will the woman go to first?
A. The second floor. B. The third floor. C. The sixth floor.
听第 6 段材料，回答第 7 至第 8 小题。
7. Where are the speakers?
A. In the mountains. B. At the airport. C. On a plane.
8. How does the man feel about his trip?
A. Sad. B. Nervous. C. Interested.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 9 至第10 小题。
9. What is the man?
A. A travel agent. B. A TV host. C. A marketing manager.
10. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The woman’s volunteer experiences.
B. The woman’s career plans.
C. The woman’s travel stories.
第三节：（共5 小题；每小题2 分，共10 分）
听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第 11 题至第 15 题的 关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。
How to Improve Communication with Your Parents
Make time to have 11 conversations.
● Talk to your parents about your everyday life.
● 12 them to share how their day went or what they are working on.
● Call them at least three times a week or video chat frequently.
Be open and 13 .
● If an issue is important to you, bring it up.
● Avoid getting trapped in the blame game.
● Allow time for them to respond and share how they feel.
Use some techniques to facilitate difficult conversations.
● Take a 14 .
● Listen to your parents’ needs or wants.
● Express your 15 .
II. 完形填空（共10 小题；每小题1 分，共10 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选 出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Belfast community was busy helping a deaf woman find her beloved dog “Ruthie” the past couple of days.
Ruthie went ____1____ several days ago when she jumped out of the car wearing her retractable leash (伸缩皮带). Marina Delune, her ____2____, posted on her community website that she needed help looking for her lost dog. She thought only a few people would ____3____. So she was surprised when help started to pour in. “The response that I got was literally overwhelming,” Marina said. “It was extraordinary. I couldn’t even ____4____ all the responses.”
A doctor named Kimberly Mitchell headed to Marina’s house to help her out. When she pulled into the driveway, she sensed that Ruthie was just nearby. Despite the cold rain, Kimberly ____5____ the yard. Later on she expanded her ____6____ to the neighbors’ yards, but ____7____ came up empty-handed.
It was dark by the time she rounded the corner of a neighbor’s house and saw a small hole in the bottom of their deck. Kimberly used her cell phone flashlight to look around in the darkness. “Right there under the deck, I ____8____ her little face. She was looking right at me.”
It turned out Ruthie’s leash was stuck. The house’s owner, Collin Brewster Cunning, crawled under the deck and ____9____ her. The reunion of Ruthie and Marina was nothing but emotional. Marina cried and held on to Ruthie and her two rescuers. “We were in a three-way ____10____ with Ruthie in the middle. It was absolutely amazing,” Kimberly said.
1. A. racing B. missing C. crying D. hunting
2. A. doctor B. neighbor C. owner D. driver
3. A. return B. respond C. research D. remember
4. A. keep up with B. put up with C. come up with D. end up with
5. A. crossed B. checked C. cleaned D. visited
6. A. plan B. service C. program D. search
7. A. once B. even C. still D. only
8. A. saw B. hid C. covered D. studied
9. A. found B. caught C. freed D. located
10. A. tie B. contest C. deal D. hug
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了贝尔法斯特社区的人们帮助一位聋哑妇女寻到她心爱的狗“露丝”的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：露丝几天前失踪了，当时她戴着可伸缩的皮带从车里跳了出来。A. racing比赛；B. missing错过、失踪（的）；C. crying哭泣；D. hunting打猎。根据上文“The Belfast community was busy helping a deaf woman find her beloved dog “Ruthie” the past couple of days.(贝尔法斯特社区在过去的几天里忙着帮助一位聋哑妇女寻找她心爱的狗“露丝”)”可知，露丝失踪了。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的主人玛丽娜·德鲁恩在她的社区网站上发帖说，她需要帮助寻找她丢失的狗。A. doctor医生；B. neighbor邻居；C. owner主人、所有者；D. driver司机。根据后文“she needed help looking for her lost dog”可知，Marina Delune是狗的主人，故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她以为只有少数人会回应。A. return返回；B. respond回答、回应；C. research研究；D. remember记得。根据上文“posted on her community website”可知，此处指对帖子的回应。后文“all the responses”也是提示。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我甚至跟不上所有回复。A. keep up with跟上；B. put up with忍受；C. come up with想出；D. end up with结束。根据上文“The response that I got was literally overwhelming(我得到的回应简直是压倒性的)”可知，帖子太多了，她跟不上速度，故选A。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管下着冷雨，金伯利还是检查了一下院子。A. crossed交叉；B. checked检查；C. cleaned清理；D. visited拜访。根据后文“the yard”指检查院子帮忙找狗。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，她把搜索范围扩大到邻居的院子里，但仍然空手而归。A. plan计划；B. service服务；C. program项目；D. search搜索。根据后文“to the neighbors’ yards”可知，她把搜索范围扩大到邻居的院子里了，故选D。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来，她把搜索范围扩大到邻居的院子里，但仍然空手而归。A. once曾经；B. even甚至；C. still仍然；D. only仅仅。根据后文“came up empty-handed”可知，扩大了搜索范围仍然空手而归。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在甲板下面，我看到了一张小脸。A. saw看见；B. hid隐藏；C. covered覆盖；D. studied学习。根据后文“her little face. She was looking right at me.”可知，指看到了狗的脸，故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：房子的主人科林·布鲁斯特·康宁爬到甲板下，把她救了出来。A. found找到；B. caught抓住；C. freed释放；D. located定位。根据上文“It turned out Ruthie’s leash was stuck.(结果露丝的皮带卡住了)”可知，房子的主人把狗释放了出来，故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们三个人拥抱在一起，露丝在中间。A. tie领带；B. contest比赛；C. deal交易；D. hug拥抱。结合上文“Marina cried and held on to Ruthie and her two rescuers.(玛丽娜哭着抱住露丝和她的两个救援人员)”指三人拥抱在一起，狗在中间，故选D。
III. 阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Uses of Banana Peels (皮) You Probably Ignored
Soothes the itchy (发痒的) insect bites
With the good weather approaching, various bugs, insects and mosquitoes multiply. If you want to relieve the sting or bite of these insects naturally, banana peel can help you. Rub the red, inflamed bites with the inside of the banana peel. The banana polysaccharides (多糖) infiltrate the skin and reduce the swell.
________________
Spring then summer is coming, and there’s one little annoying thing: the flies. To catch them, you can make a trap made of natural ingredients. All you will need is a large yogurt cup, banana peels, a hammer and a nail. Make holes at the bottom of the yogurt cup with the hammer and nail, place the banana peels inside, turn it over, and place it near the food that you are trying to protect. Flies will get into the sweet smell in the holes, but there is no way out of the yogurt cup.
Cheap and simple teeth whitening
You don’t have to spend a huge amount of your salary on aesthetic dentistry to make your teeth whiter. Simply rub your freshly-brushed teeth with the inside of the banana peel every day for about 2 minutes. Salicylic acid in bananas gently bleaches teeth, effectively eliminating dirt which causes discoloration.
Water purification
This effect was the most surprising for us. The Sao Paulo Research Foundation, led by Gustavo R. Castro, tested the suitability of banana peels for the treatment of wastewater from industrial plants. It turned out that the banana peel adsorbs heavy metals such as lead and copper from the water.
Erases the ink stain (污点)
If ink gets on your skin, it is difficult to clean it off. Only with water and soap is it almost impossible to make your hands clean. But the good news is that the banana peel is good for that—rub the patches on the inside of the peel and see how they disappear.
11. According to the passage, in which of the following situations can banana peels be of some help?
A. You are disturbed by mosquitoes flying nearby.
B. You are bitten by a bee in the garden.
C. You are suffering from a toothache.
D. Your coat is stained with oil.
12. Which of the following is the best heading for paragraph 2?
A. Facial mask B. Pain Reliever
C. Natural fly trap D. Reduces wrinkles
13. How can banana peels help purify water?
A. By protecting the water from insects.
B. By reducing some chemical elements.
C. By adding some nutrition to the water.
D. By removing the smell of the wastewater.
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了香蕉皮的用途。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to relieve the sting or bite of these insects naturally, banana peel can help you. Rub the red, inflamed bites with the inside of the banana peel. The banana polysaccharides (多糖) infiltrate the skin and reduce the swell.(如果你想自然地减轻这些昆虫的叮咬，香蕉皮可以帮助你。用香蕉皮内侧摩擦红肿的咬痕。香蕉多糖能渗透皮肤，消肿。)”可推断，当你被蜜蜂蜇伤后，你可以用香蕉皮内侧摩擦红肿的咬痕，从而消肿。故选B。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。空处为小标题，为本段的主要内容。根据下文“Spring then summer is coming, and there’s one little annoying thing: the flies. To catch them, you can make a trap made of natural ingredients. All you will need is a large yogurt cup, banana peels, a hammer and a nail. Make holes at the bottom of the yogurt cup with the hammer and nail, place the banana peels inside, turn it over, and place it near the food that you are trying to protect. Flies will get into the sweet smell in the holes, but there is no way out of the yogurt cup.(春天和夏天都来了，有一件事很烦人：苍蝇。为了捕捉它们，你可以用天然原料做一个陷阱。你所需要的只是一个大酸奶杯、香蕉皮、一把锤子和一颗钉子。用锤子和钉子在酸奶杯的底部打洞，把香蕉皮放进去，把它翻过来，放在你想要保护的食物附近。苍蝇会钻进香甜的洞里，却没有办法从酸奶杯里出来。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是我们可以用香蕉皮来制作一个陷阱用来捕捉苍蝇。选项C“Natural fly trap(天然捕蝇器)”符合本段主要内容。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“It turned out that the banana peel adsorbs heavy metals such as lead and copper from the water.(事实证明，香蕉皮可以吸附水中的铅和铜等重金属。)”可知，香蕉皮通过吸附水中的铅和铜等重金属来净化水。故选B。
B
South Africa’s viniculture industry employs around 270,000 people, producing some of the world’s most sought-after wines. But not all jobs are best left to humans. In some cases, it’s better to get your ducks in a row, and then put them to work.
Outside Cape Town on the banks of the Eerste river, Vergenoegd Löw, the Wine Estate, has repurposed a centuries-old practice by gathering a group of ducks to keep its vineyards free of pests. “I call our ducks the soldiers of our vineyards,” says managing director Corius Visser. “They will eat aphids, they will eat snails, they will eat small worms—they keep (it) completely pest-free.”
The species, the Indian runner duck, is flightless, with a peculiarly upright stance and highly developed sense of smell. The duck troops are employed on a 14-day circuit through the vineyards, eating and fertilizing the ground as they go.
The ducks’ “annual leave” takes place during the harvest (they’d eat the grapes). During this time they search for food on open farm pasture, swim in a nearby lake and undergo selective breeding, says Visser.
Duck eggs are consumed in the vineyard restaurant, but never the ducks themselves—“that would be like eating a colleague,” Gavin Moyes, the estate’s tasting room manager, said in a 2020 interview.
Inspired by ducks used to remove pests from rice paddies in Asia, the winery calls on the services of some 1,600 ducks as part of its effort to make wine production more sustainable. “The world is moving away from more conventional farming to (being) a bit more organic,” Visser explains. “For Vergenoegd, it’s a big goal … to have less influence on the Earth, the soil and the environment.”
As a pioneering winemaker with industry influence—vines have been grown on the estate since the late 17th century—Vergenoegd Löw is hoping to convince others to adopt its approach. Visser says the vineyard plans to sell 750 ducks to other vineyards and replenish numbers by breeding the birds.
“I think the industry itself has the potential to engage more in experimental ways,” he adds. That requires money, and increasing the price point of South African wines could help fund Vergenoegd Löw and other vineyards’ green initiatives.
“If we can achieve that, we can then put back some of that (income) into our people, into our land, and become more sustainable,” Visser says.
14. What’s the function of the ducks in the vineyards?
A. To keep the vineyards free of pests. B. To guard the vineyards from thieves.
C. To make the vineyards more attractive. D. To provide eggs and meat for the vineyard restaurant.
15. According to the passage, the ducks in the vineyards ______.
A. help harvest the grapes B. have a sharp sense of taste
C. fly around the vineyard freely D. leave the vineyard at a certain time
16. Based on what Visser said, which of the following might happen?
A. More vineyards will have duck “soldiers”.
B. The price point of South African wines will fall.
C. The vineyards will depend more on conventional farming.
D The winery will come up with more ways to experiment on ducks.
17. Which of the following words can best describe the vineyard’s approach of using ducks?
A. Efficient. B. Advanced. C. Challenging. D. Green.
【答案】14. A 15. D 16. A 17. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一个葡萄酒庄园利用鸭子来使葡萄园远离害虫。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Outside Cape Town on the banks of the Eerste river, Vergenoegd Löw, the Wine Estate, has repurposed a centuries-old practice by gathering a group of ducks to keep its vineyards free of pests.(在开普敦郊外的埃尔斯特河畔，Vergenoegd Löw葡萄酒庄园重新利用了一个有几百年历史的做法，养了一群鸭子，让葡萄园免受害虫的侵害)”可知，葡萄园里的鸭子可以使葡萄园远离害虫。故选A。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The ducks’ “annual leave” takes place during the harvest (they’d eat the grapes).(鸭子的“年假”发生在收获季节（它们会吃葡萄）)”可知，葡萄园里的鸭子在特定的时间离开葡萄园。故选D。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Visser says the vineyard plans to sell 750 ducks to other vineyards and replenish numbers by breeding the birds.(Visser说，葡萄园计划向其他葡萄园出售750只鸭子，并通过繁殖鸟类来补充数量)”可知，更多的葡萄园将会有鸭子“士兵”。故选A。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““If we can achieve that, we can then put back some of that (income) into our people, into our land, and become more sustainable,” Visser says.(Visser说：“如果我们能做到这一点，我们就可以把一部分（收入）投入到我们的人民和土地上，变得更加可持续。”)”可推知，葡萄园使用鸭子的方法绿色环保。故选D。
C
This week I watched an international news program and saw what looked like most of the planet—the Americas, Africa, Europe, Asia—painted in bright oranges and reds. Fahrenheit (华氏温度的) temperatures in three-digit numbers seemed to burn all over on the world map.
Heat records have burst around the globe. This very weekend, crops are burning, roads are bending and seas are rising, while lakes recede, or even disappear. Ice sheets melt in rising heat, and wildfires attack forests. People are dying in this heat. Lives of all kinds are threatened, in cities, fields, seas, deserts and forests. Wildlife, farm animals, insects and human beings are in pain.
The UN’s World Meteorological Organization (WMO) says there is more deadly heat in our future because of climate change caused by our species on this planet. Even with advances in wind, solar and other alternative energy sources, and international promises and agreements, the world still derives about 80% of its energy from fossil fuels, like oil, gas and coal, which release the carbon dioxide that’s warmed the climate to the current temperatures of this hot summer. The WMO’s chief, Petteri Taalas, said this week, “In the future these kinds of heatwaves are going to be normal.”
The most alarming word in his forecast might be: “normal.” I’m of a generation that thought of summer as a sunny time for children. I think of long days spent outdoors without worry, playing games or just wandering. John Updike wrote in his poem, “June”:
The sun is rich
And gladly pays
In golden hours,
Silver days,
And long green weeks
That never end.
School’s out. The time
Is ours to spend.
There’s Little League
Hopscotch, the creek,
And, after supper,
Hide-and-seek.
The live-long light
Is like a dream...
But now that bright, “live-long light,” of which Updike wrote, might look threatening in a summer like this.
The extremely hot weeks that we see this year cause one to wonder if our failures to care for the planet given to us will make our children look forward to summer, or fear another season of heat.
18. What does the underlined word “derive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Get. B. Reduce. C. Waste. D. Save.
19. According to WMO, ______.
A. alternative energy is the solution to climate change
B. the heatwaves are caused by the advanced technology
C. agreements need to be signed to deal with climate change
D. use of traditional energy is responsible for the heatwaves
20. Why does the author mention John Updike’s poem?
A. To describe the beauty of summer.
B. To indicate the end of happy summers.
C. To compare different feelings about summer.
D. To suggest ways for children to spend summer.
21. Which might be the best title for the passage?
A. What leads to a hot summer B. Children are afraid of summer
C. Burning summers are the future D. How we can survive a hot summer
【答案】18. A 19. D 20. B 21. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了全球各地的高温记录不断刷新，解释了背后的原因以及对未来夏季的担忧。
【18题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“about 80% of its energy from fossil fuels, like oil, gas and coal, which release the carbon dioxide that’s warmed the climate to the current temperatures of this hot summer”可知，世界获得的大约80%的能源来自化石燃料，如石油、天然气和煤炭，这些燃料释放的二氧化碳使气候变暖，导致今年炎热的夏天气温上升。故划线词意思是“得到”。故选A。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Even with advances in wind, solar and other alternative energy sources, and international promises and agreements, the world still derives about 80% of its energy from fossil fuels, like oil, gas and coal, which release the carbon dioxide that’s warmed the climate to the current temperatures of this hot summer. The WMO’s chief, Petteri Taalas, said this week, “In the future these kinds of heatwaves are going to be normal.”(即使有了风能、太阳能和其他替代能源的进步，以及国际承诺和协议，世界上仍然有大约80%的能源来自化石燃料，如石油、天然气和煤炭，这些燃料释放的二氧化碳使气候变暖，导致今年炎热的夏天气温上升。世界气象组织总干事Petteri Taalas本周表示：“在未来，这种热浪将成为常态。”)”可知，根据世界气象组织，传统能源的使用是造成热浪的原因。故选D。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The extremely hot weeks that we see this year cause one to wonder if our failures to care for the planet given to us will make our children look forward to summer, or fear another season of heat.(我们今年看到的极端炎热的几周让人怀疑，如果我们没有照顾好我们所拥有的地球，我们的孩子们是否会期待夏天，或者害怕另一个炎热的季节)”可推知，作者提到了约翰·厄普代克的诗是为了表示快乐夏天的结束。故选B。
【21题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“Heat records have burst around the globe. This very weekend, crops are burning, roads are bending and seas are rising, while lakes recede, or even disappear. Ice sheets melt in rising heat, and wildfires attack forests. People are dying in this heat. Lives of all kinds are threatened, in cities, fields, seas, deserts and forests. Wildlife, farm animals, insects and human beings are in pain. (全球各地的高温记录不断刷新。就在这个周末，庄稼在燃烧，道路在弯曲，海平面在上升，而湖泊在退缩，甚至消失。冰盖在升温中融化，野火袭击森林。人们在这样的高温中死去。在城市、田野、海洋、沙漠和森林里，所有种类的生命都受到威胁。野生动物、农场动物、昆虫和人类都在痛苦之中)”可知，文章主要说明了全球各地的高温记录不断刷新，解释了背后的原因以及对未来夏季的担忧。可知，C选项“灼热的夏天是未来”最符合文章标题。故选C。
D
Cornell University researchers have developed a silent-speech recognition interface that uses acoustic-sensing (声学传感) and artificial intelligence to continuously recognize up to 31 unvocalized commands, based on lip and mouth movements. The low-power, wearable eyewear—called EchoSpeech—requires just a few minutes of user training data before it will recognize commands and can be run on a smartphone.
Ruidong Zhang, doctoral student of information science, is the lead author of “EchoSpeech—Continuous Silent Speech Recognition on Minimally-obtrusive Eyewear Powered by Acoustic Sensing,” which will be presented at the Association for Computing Machinery Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) this month in Hamburg, Germany.
“For people who cannot vocalize sound this silent speech technology could be an excellent input for a voice synthesizer. It could give patients their voices back,” Zhang said of the technology’s potential use with further development. In its present form, EchoSpeech could be used to communicate with others via smartphone in places where speech is inconvenient or inappropriate, like a noisy restaurant or quiet library. The silent speech eyewear can also be paired with a stylus (触控笔) and used with design software like CAD, all but erasing the need for a keyboard and a mouse.
Outfitted with a pair of microphones and speakers smaller than pencil erasers, the EchoSpeech become a wearable AI-powered sonar (声呐) system, sending and receiving soundwaves across the face and sensing mouth movements. A deep learning algorithm (算法) then analyzes these echo profiles in real time, with about 95% accuracy.
“We’re moving sonar onto the body,” said Cheng Zhang, assistant professor of information science and director of Cornell’s Smart Computer Interfaces for Future Interactions (SciFi) Lab. “We’re very excited about this system,” he said, “because it really pushes the field forward on performance and privacy. It’s small, low-power and privacy-sensitive, which are all important features for using new, wearable technologies in the real world.”
Most technology in silent-speech recognition is limited to a select set of predetermined commands and requires the user to face or wear a camera, which is neither practical nor achievable, Cheng Zhang said. There also are major privacy concerns involving wearable cameras—for both the user and those with whom the user interacts, he said.
Acoustic-sensing technology like EchoSpeech removes the need for wearable video cameras. And because audio data is much smaller than image or video data, it requires less bandwidth to process and can be relayed to a smartphone via Bluetooth in real time, said François Guimbretière, professor in information science. “And because the data is processed locally on your smartphone instead of uploaded to the cloud,” he said, “privacy-sensitive information never leaves your control.”
22. What do we know about EchoSpeech?
A. It recognizes different body movements. B. It has the potential to help generate voices.
C. It doesn’t need to be instructed about its user. D. It needs to be used with a keyboard and a mouse.
23. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. What EchoSpeech looks like. B. How the algorithm is made accurate.
C. What the mechanism of EchoSpeech is. D. How the algorithm analyzes echo profiles.
24. How is EchoSpeech different from other silent-speech recognition systems?
A. It better protects users’ privacy. B. It is fitted with a smaller video camera.
C. It is based on predetermined commands. D. It sends images and videos via Bluetooth.
25. Regarding the features of EchoSpeech, François Guimbretière is ______.
A. doubtful B. critical C. sympathetic D. unconcerned
【答案】22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了EchoSpeech这种设备只需几分钟的用户训练数据，它就能识别指令，并能在智能手机上运行。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“For people who cannot vocalize sound, this silent speech technology could be an excellent input for a voice synthesizer. It could give patients their voices back(对于不能发声的人来说，这种无声的语音技术可能是语音合成器的一个很好的输入。它可以让病人恢复声音)”可知，EchoSpeech有帮助产生声音的潜力。故选B。
【23题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“Outfitted with a pair of microphones and speakers smaller than pencil erasers, the EchoSpeech become a wearable AI-powered sonar (声呐) system, sending and receiving soundwaves across the face and sensing mouth movements. A deep learning algorithm (算法) then analyzes these echo profiles in real time, with about 95% accuracy.( EchoSpeech配备了一对麦克风和比铅笔橡皮还小的扬声器，成为一种可穿戴的人工智能声纳系统，通过面部发送和接收声波，并感知口腔运动。然后，深度学习算法实时分析这些回波剖面，准确率约为95%)”可知，第四段主要讲的是EchoSpeech的机制是什么。故选C。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“It’s small, low-power and privacy-sensitive, which are all important features for using new, wearable technologies in the real world.(它体积小，功耗低，对隐私敏感，这些都是在现实世界中使用新的可穿戴技术的重要特征)”可知，EchoSpeech与其他无声语音识别系统的不同在于它能更好地保护用户隐私。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“And because audio data is much smaller than image or video data, it requires less bandwidth to process and can be relayed to a smartphone via Bluetooth in real time, said François Guimbretière, professor in information science. “And because the data is processed locally on your smartphone instead of uploaded to the cloud,” he said, “privacy-sensitive information never leaves your control.”(信息科学教授François Guimbretière表示，由于音频数据比图像或视频数据小得多，因此需要更少的带宽来处理，并且可以通过蓝牙实时传输到智能手机。“而且因为数据是在你的智能手机上本地处理的，而不是上传到云端，”他说，“隐私敏感信息永远不会离开你的控制。”)”可推知，François Guimbretière持支持态度，故选C。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Want to make people laugh? _____26_____ Here are a few tips to keep in mind if your goal is to tickle some funny bones.
Consider your audience. Your audience, whether it’s your parents in your living room or a paying crowd at an auditorium, must be able to connect with any situation you describe in your jokes. If they can’t relate to the joke, or if they don’t completely understand it, then it’s simply not funny to them. _____27_____ If you have to explain a joke to someone, the person might eventually understand it, but he or she probably won’t think it’s funny. This is the reason that many jokes don’t translate well into another language. They rely on an understanding of a particular culture. You can translate the words but, without an appreciation for the background, many translated jokes aren’t very funny.
_____28_____ There’s a reason that people say, “Stop me if you’ve heard this one” before telling a joke. If your audience already knows (or can guess) the end of a joke before you tell it, then it’s not going to make them laugh. People laugh at the end of a joke because they’ve been told a story and led toward its ending, (unconsciously) thinking about what will happen next or how it will end. _____29_____ Surprise is part of the reason that you want to learn to tell jokes without laughing. If you laugh, then your listeners expect you to say something funny. If you tell a joke without laughing or smiling, then they’re more surprised when you get to the funny part.
Check your timing. Another important part of humor is timing, or delivering the punch line at the best possible moment. _____30_____ The reason is that this builds tension. The listener knows the end is coming and is waiting for it. When you finally tell the punch line, the listener feels a sense of relief and is more and inclined to laugh.
A. Use surprise.
B. Choose your jokes.
C. Then you’ve got to know what’s funny.
D. Make sure your jokes are often told within limited time.
E. It’s often useful to pause before telling the last line of a joke.
F. When we hear something that wasn’t what we were expecting, we find it funny.
G. People love jokes that, based on their experience, make them say, “That’s so true!”
【答案】26. C 27. G 28. A 29. F 30. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些讲笑话的技巧。
【26题详解】
根据上文“Want to make people laugh?(想让别人笑吗？)”以及后文“Here are a few tips to keep in mind if your goal is to tickle some funny bones.(如果你的目标是逗乐一些有趣的人，这里有一些建议要记住)”可知，本句回答上文让别人笑的问题：那你得知道什么好笑。故C选项“那你得知道什么好笑”符合语境，故选C。
【27题详解】
根据上文“If they can’t relate to the joke, or if they don’t completely understand it, then it’s simply not funny to them.(如果他们无法与这个笑话联系起来，或者他们不能完全理解这个笑话，那么这个笑话对他们来说就一点也不好笑)”可知，上文提到了人们要和笑话联系起来才会觉得好笑，本句旨在说明具体表现：让他们说：“这太对（有意思）了！”，故G选项“人们喜欢这样的笑话，根据他们的经验，让他们说:“这太对（有意思）了！””符合语境，故选G。
【28题详解】
根据后文“If your audience already knows (or can guess) the end of a joke before you tell it, then it’s not going to make them laugh.(如果你的听众在你讲笑话之前就已经知道（或能猜到）一个笑话的结尾，那么这个笑话就不会让他们发笑)”可知，本段的主旨是讲笑话要出其不意，使用惊喜。故A选项“使用惊喜”符合语境，故选A。
【29题详解】
根据上文“If your audience already knows (or can guess) the end of a joke before you tell it, then it’s not going to make them laugh.(如果你的听众在你讲笑话之前就已经知道（或能猜到）一个笑话的结尾，那么这个笑话就不会让他们发笑)”以及后文“Surprise is part of the reason that you want to learn to tell jokes without laughing. If you laugh, then your listeners expect you to say something funny. If you tell a joke without laughing or smiling, then they’re more surprised when you get to the funny part.(惊喜是你想学会不笑着讲笑话的部分原因。如果你笑了，那么你的听众希望你说一些有趣的话。如果你讲笑话时没有大笑或微笑，那么当你讲到有趣的部分时，他们会更惊讶)”可知，本句旨在说明人们听到结局意外的笑话会笑，即觉得有趣，故F选项“当我们听到一些出乎意料的事情时，我们觉得很有趣”符合语境，故选F。
【30题详解】
根据后文“The reason is that this builds tension. The listener knows the end is coming and is waiting for it. When you finally tell the punch line, the listener feels a sense of relief and is more and inclined to laugh.(原因是这会制造紧张感。听者知道你的笑话即将讲完，并在等待它。当你终于说出笑点的时候，听者会有一种轻松的感觉，并且更倾向于笑)”可知，本句是在说明如何制造紧张感，故E选项“在讲笑话的最后一句之前停顿一下通常是有用的”符合语境，故选E。
第Ⅱ卷（共60 分）
I. 选词填空（共7 小题；每小题2 分，共14 分）
用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。
adjustment, faith, capable, judge, impress, logic, comfort
31. The film’s special effects are particularly ________.
32. I have been a (n) ________ reader of your magazine for many years.
33. The materials are soft and ________ to wear.
34. It took a few seconds for her eyes to ________ to the darkness.
35 Animals in the zoo have lost the ________ to catch food for themselves.
36. Computer programming needs someone with a (n) ________ mind.
37. Don’t let your _______ be coloured by personal feelings.
【答案】31. impressive
32. faithful
33. comfortable
34. adjust 35. capability
36. logical
37. judgement
【解析】
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这部电影的特效特别令人印象深刻。结合句意“令人印象深刻”可知应填impress对应的形容词impressive，作表语。故选impressive。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：多年来，我一直是贵杂志的忠实读者。结合句意“忠实的”可知应填faith对应的形容词faithful，作定语修饰名词reader。故选faithful。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：材料柔软，穿着舒适。结合句意“舒适”可知应填comfort对应的形容词comfortable，作表语，主语+be+adj.+to do是固定句型。故选comfortable。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：她的眼睛过了几秒钟才适应黑暗。结合句意“适应”可知应填adjustment对应的动词adjust，此处为it takes/took some time to do sth.，故空处填动词原形。故选adjust。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：动物园里的动物已经失去了为自己捕捉食物的能力。结合句意“能力”可知应填capable对应的名词capability，作宾语，不可数。故选capability。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：计算机编程需要有逻辑思维的人。结合句意“逻辑”可知应填logic对应的形容词logical，作定语修饰名词mind。故选logical。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：不要让你的判断受到个人感情的影响。结合句意“判断”可知应填judge对应的名词judgement，作宾语，不可数。故选judgement。
II. 语法填空（共14 小题；每小题1 分，共14 分）
在未给提示词的空白处填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
38. The plan is designed to motivate employees to work more ________(efficient). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】efficiently
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：该计划旨在激励员工更有效地工作。空处修饰动词work，需用副词efficiently，作状语。故填efficiently。
39. Their flight _______(delay) due to bad weather yesterday afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was delayed
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：由于昨天下午天气不好，他们的航班被推迟了。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合后文yesterday afternoon可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为flight，谓语用单数。故填was delayed。
40. _______(surround) by trees, the house was invisible from the road. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Surrounded
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：房子被树木环绕，从路上看不见。句中已有谓语动词was，分析句子结构可知surround与逻辑主语house构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Surrounded。
41. When Anna got downstairs, she realized that she _______(leave) her car keys in her office. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had left
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：当安娜下楼时，她意识到她把车钥匙忘在办公室了。根据句意，设空处在宾语从句中作谓语，“留”这个动作动作发生在主句动作realized之前，应用过去完成时，故填had left。
42. Every time the dancer _______(stand) on the stage, she is at her best. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stands
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：每次舞蹈演员站在舞台上，她都处于最佳状态。此处在every time引导的状语从句中作谓语，描述习惯性动作，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词stand应用三单形式，故填stands。
43. Considering the actual needs of the students, the school canteen is open to students ______weekends. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】on
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：考虑到学生的实际需要，学校食堂在周末对学生开放。表示“在周末”短语为on weekends，故填on。
44. Given the fast pace of the job market now, 21st century employees are faced with challenges _______ their parents never experienced. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that##which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：鉴于现在就业市场的快节奏，21世纪的员工面临着他们的父辈从未经历过的挑战。此处为限制性定语从句修饰先行词challenges，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导句子，故填that/which。
45. I _______(try) to qualify for the swimming team for three years, but I still can’t quite make the cut. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been trying
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：三年来我一直在努力获得游泳队的资格，但我仍然没有完全通过。根据后文or three years, but I still can’t quite make the cut.可知表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且仍然要继续下去，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been trying。
B
语法填空
My family and I went on a holiday last year to visit some distant ____46____ (relative) I had never met before. They lived in ____47____ flat in New York in the city center. It was ____48____(excite) to visit them and they were very friendly and welcoming! They took us sightseeing and we went to a lot of places.
The one problem I had was sleeping at night. They live on the ground floor of their building ____49____ I could hear all the sounds of the city. During the night, lorries came ____50____(collect) rubbish and they kept me awake. They _____51_____(visit) us in London next year and I can’t wait to show them around.
【答案】46. relatives
47. a 48. exciting
49. so 50. to collect
51. are going to visit
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和家人去拜访远亲的事情。
【46题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：去年，我和家人去度假，拜访了一些以前从未见过的远亲。relative作宾语，由some修饰应用复数形式。故填relatives。
【47题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们住在纽约市中心的一套公寓里。flat为泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意：拜访他们是令人兴奋的，他们非常友好和热情！作表语，应用-ing结尾形容词exciting说明事物的特征。故填exciting。
【49题详解】
考查连词。句意：他们住在一楼，所以我可以听到城市的所有声音。结合前后文语境可知为因果关系，应用连词so。故填so。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：夜里，卡车来收垃圾，弄得我睡不着觉。短语come to do sth.表示“来做某事”。故填to collect。
【51题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们明年要来伦敦看我们，我迫不及待地想带他们四处看看。根据后文next year并根据句意可知，表示按照计划打算要做的事情，用be going to结构，故填are going to visit。
III.书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；第 67、68 题各 2 分，第 69 题 3 分，第 70 题 5 分，共 12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
With the ideal time for harvesting fresh tea leaves approaching, locals celebrated the beginning of the tea-picking season with a spirited ceremony held at Jingmai Mountain in Yunnan province.
This annual event, which takes place towards the end of March, is a tradition among local minorities. Having been around for centuries, it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature. Jingmai Mountain, renowned for its thick forests of ancient tea trees, has been an essential part of the locals’ lives for centuries. People there maintain an ancient method of tea cultivation featuring a unique multi-layered (层) ecosystem, which is regarded as the key to maintaining harmony between humans and nature.
The village has been located halfway up the mountain, close to the tea forest in the middle of the mountain, while farmland is in lower areas with abundant water sources, which can avoid disturbance to tea forests during planting.
The ancient tea forests are now refreshing as the younger generations are introducing new ideas aimed at better developing the tea industry in this area. Xian Gong, 39, started a farmers’ cooperative in 2010 in Jingmai village. Over time, she expanded the initiative by developing it into a company integrating the cooperative, a tea factory, a hostel and a shop under one roof. Today, the tea gardens cover an area of more than 600 hectares and generate an annual output of more than 200 tons, helping nearly 500 households increase their incomes.
A growing number of villagers are embracing new business opportunities by establishing cooperatives, tea factories and homestays. Many have adapted to the latest trends, such as selling tea through live streaming and sharing details of their daily lives and work on social media platforms.
The recent boom in the modern tea industry has motivated the residents to take better care of their ancient tea forests. In addition to their efforts to resist using chemicals and avoid planting other crops in the tea forests, the local government has applied over 20 rules and regulations for the protection of precious ancient tea forests. They hold a strong belief that the tea mountain is the most valuable gift left by their ancestors and it is their due responsibility to protect and make good use of it.
52. Why do the locals celebrate the beginning of the tea-picking season?
__________________________________________________________________________________
53. What is the key feature of the ancient method of tea cultivation?
__________________________________________________________________________________
54. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, and then underline it and explain why.
It is only due to the efforts made by the local residents that the ancient tea forests have been protected.
__________________________________________________________________________________
55. Give another example which mirrors human-nature harmony.
__________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】52. Because it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature.
53. This method of tea cultivation features a unique multi-layered ecosystem.
54. It is only due to the efforts made by the local residents that the ancient tea forests have been protected. It is because of the recent boom in the modern tea industry.
55. One example that mirrors the harmony between humans and nature is sustainable farming practices. Sustainable farming aims to minimize the negative impact on the environment while maximizing the productivity of agricultural activities.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着采摘新鲜茶叶的理想时间的临近，当地人在云南省的景麦山举行了一场热烈的仪式来庆祝采茶季节的开始。文章介绍了当地茶叶种植的历史以及发展情况。
【52题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Having been around for centuries, it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature.(茶林已经存在了几个世纪，在收获大自然的礼物之前，这是一个表达对茶林的尊重的绝佳机会)”可知，当地人庆祝采茶季节的开始是因为这是一个表达对茶林的尊重的绝佳机会。故答案为Because it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature.
【53题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“People there maintain an ancient method of tea cultivation featuring a unique multi-layered (层) ecosystem, which is regarded as the key to maintaining harmony between humans and nature.(那里的人们保持着一种古老的茶叶种植方法，这种方法具有独特的多层生态系统，被认为是维持人与自然和谐相处的关键)”可知，古代茶叶种植方法的主要特点是具有独特的多层生态系统。故答案为This method of tea cultivation features a unique multi-layered ecosystem.
【54题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The recent boom in the modern tea industry has motivated the residents to take better care of their ancient tea forests.(近年来现代茶业的蓬勃发展促使当地居民更好地保护他们的古老茶林)”可知，错误的部分是“due to the efforts made by the local residents”，真正的原因是近年来现代茶业的蓬勃发展。故答案为It is only due to the efforts made by the local residents that the ancient tea forests have been protected. It is because of the recent boom in the modern tea industry.
【55题详解】
考查开放题。根据“再举一个反映人与自然和谐的例子”可回答：反映人与自然和谐的一个例子是可持续农业实践。可持续农业旨在最大限度地减少对环境的负面影响，同时最大限度地提高农业活动的生产力。故答案为One example that mirrors the harmony between humans and nature is sustainable farming practices. Sustainable farming aims to minimize the negative impact on the environment while maximizing the productivity of agricultural activities.
第二节（20 分）
56. 英语课上，同学们在分享未来想从事的职业，请按照下列要求，写一个发言稿，介绍你的想法。内容如下：
1、你希望未来从事什么职业？
2、为什么你选择该职业？
注意：词数100左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Good morning, everyone,
Today, please allow me to deliver a brief speech on the career I will take up in the future. Undoubtedly, I have great expectations for the future job as everyone else does. My dream career is to be a tour guide. Since my early age, I have been admiring tour guides who travel worldwide, enjoying the spectacular scenery, appreciating different cultures and enriching their life experience at the same time. Besides, this career is financially rewarding as well so that I can live a well-off life. Additionally, I will have more opportunities to meet people from all walks of life, which is both challenging and interesting.
That’s all. Thank you for listening.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。英语课上，同学们在分享未来想从事的职业，请按照下列要求，写一个发言稿，介绍你的想法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
壮观的：spectacular→splendid
欣赏：enjoy/appreciate→admire
此外：additionally/besides→what’s more
机会：opportunity→chance
2.句式拓展
变强调句
原句：Since my early age, I have been admiring tour guides who travel worldwide, enjoying the spectacular scenery, appreciating different cultures and enriching their life experience at the same time.
拓展句：It is since my early age that I have been admiring tour guides who travel worldwide, enjoying the spectacular scenery, appreciating different cultures and enriching their life experience at the same time.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Since my early age, I have been admiring tour guides who travel worldwide, enjoying the spectacular scenery, appreciating different cultures and enriching their life experience at the same time. (运用了who引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] Additionally, I will have more opportunities to meet people from all walks of life, which is both challenging and interesting. (运用了which引导非限制性句)
听力：1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A
11. meaningful 12. Encourage 13. honest 14. break 15. opinion
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