期末复习知识点总结外研版英语八年级下册
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八年级下册 知识点总结
MODULE 1 Feelings and impressions
序号
英文
词性和释文
拓展
1
smell
v.闻；有...气味
n.气味
2
soft
adj.软的；柔软的
3
sour
adj.酸的；馊的
4
cookie
n.小甜饼；曲奇饼
5
mm
int.多(用于食物味道好〉
6
pizza
n. 比萨饼
7
lovely
adj.可爱的
8
done
adj.做完的
9
try
n. /v.尝试，努力
①试试看have a try
②尽某人最大努力做某事
try one’s best to do sth.
③努力做某事
try to do sth.
④尝试做某事
try doing sth.
10
pie
n.馅饼；派
11
sound
v.听起来
12
sweet tooth
对甜食的爱好
13
salt
n.盐；食盐
14
jam
n.果酱
15
for
prep.用于，(表示持续时间)达，
计
16
favourite
n.最喜欢的人或事
17
ear
n.耳朵
18
glasses
n.眼镜
19
jeans
n.牛仔裤
20
nervous
adj.情绪不安的；紧张的
21
fair
adj.（头发）金色的，浅褐色的
22
pretty
adj.秀丽的；标致的
23
proud
adj.感到自豪的；感到骄傲的
①为什么感到自豪
be proud of
= take pride in
24
stranger
n.陌生人
25
message
n.电子邮件；信息
26
sb can’t wait
某人等不及了
①某人迫不及待做某事
sb. can’t wait to do sth.
27
hobby
n.业余爱好
复数：hobbies
28
at school
在学校，上学
29
in
prep.参加；加入；在...期间；
用，按照（方式或风格）
30
mark
n.分数
31
love
n. 爱你的...
Key points
1、☆what 引导的感叹句：
①What+a/an+形容词+可数名词+（主语+谓语）！
Eg：What an interesting book it is！
②What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！
Eg ：What fine weather it is！
③拓展：How + adj./ adv. +（主语+谓语）！
Eg：How careful she is！
口诀：我命好幸福（what名how形副）
做题方法：有主谓，先去主谓，然后看最后一个单词是什么词性。
2、☆Would you like to do sth.?和 Would you like sth.?通常用来向对方礼貌地提出建议，邀请或询问。
肯定回答时，一般用 Yes, please.或 Yes, I'd love /like to.
若作否定回答，则用 No, thanks.或 I'd love to, but...
3、I’m afraid+that 从句”意为“我恐怕……,我担心……”,是一种表达歉意或说出令人不愉快的事实时的委婉用语，that 可以省略。
Eg： I’m afraid I don't like cheese.
拓展：be afraid to do sth.=be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
4、☆a bit 意为“稍微，有点儿",在句中既可修饰形容词或副词的原级，也可以修饰比较级。
其同义语为 a little，二者在肯定句中修饰动词及形容词、副词的原级或比较级时，可互换。
Eg： It smells too strong and it tastes a bit sour.
【拓展】a little + 不可数名词 或 a bit of + 不可数名词
Eg：There is only a bit of / a little meat on the plate.
5、“Shall I/we+动词原形？”常用来提出建议、请求、许可或征求意见。
肯定回答常用 “Yes, let's.../OK./Good idea./Sure.” 等；否定用 “No, let's...”。
Eg：Shall I help you with your housework?
6、“be sure (that)”意为“确定……，确信……”，主语是人，其后常跟 that 引导的宾语从句。可以和 “be sure to do sth.” 互换。其否定形式是 “be not sure...”。
be sure of / about sth.对某事有把握。be sure of doing sth. 一定会做某事。
Eg：He sures that he will pass the exam. = He is sure to pass the exam.
7、☆Thanks for…相当于 Thank you for...意为“因...而感谢”。其中的 for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词，表示感谢的原因或内容。
Eg：Thanks for your last message.
【拓展】Thanks to 意为“幸亏，由于，归功于”等。
Eg: Thanks to your help, we were successful.由于你的帮助，我们得以成功。
8、☆“主语+hope that+从句” 有时可以转化为 hope to do sth.的结构。
Eg : I hope you will know me from my photo when I arrive at the airport.
9、☆can't wait to do sth. 意为“迫不及待做某事”。如果要接名词或代词，则要用 can't wait for sth.。
Eg: It was great to hear from you, and I can't wait to meet you.
10、☆with 为介词，意为“有；带有”，经常作定语或者状语。反义词：without.
Eg：I’m quite tall, with short fair hair, and I wear glasses.
I can’t live without you.
11、 ☆四个花费
四个“花费”
人做主语
spend
sb. spend some time/some money (in) doing sth. 或 on sth.
物做主语
cost
“某物花费多少钱”
sth. cost sb. some money
物做主语
take
It takes/took sb. +一段时间+to do sth.
人做主语
pay
pay for
12、☆ (be / feel) excited about... “对...感到兴奋”。
Eg：I am excited about going to China!
感官系动词
一、 感官系动词的基本含义
感官系动词本身具有一定的意义，但词义不完整，不能单独作句子的谓语，必须与后面的作表语的词或短语构成复合谓语。本模块我们学到的感官系动词有:look（看起来）；smell（闻起来）；feel（摸起来，感觉）；sound（听起来）,taste（尝起来）等。感官系动词后面常跟形容词做表语，表示主语“听、 看、闻、尝、摸起来”等。
Eg :Her sister looks very pretty today.
His voice sounds a little strange on the phone.
The soup tastes delicious. Please give me some more.
二、 感官系动词的用法
①感官系动词后面不跟副词，而是跟形容词作表语。这类感官系动词一般不用于进行时。
②感官系动词后面也可以接“介词 like+名词''作表语，表示主语“听起来、看起来、闻起来、摸起来、尝起来像...”
Eg: 这只猫看起来像一顶帽子。This cat looks like a cap.
MODULE 2 Experiences
序号
英文
词性和释文
拓展
1
ever
adv.曾经；从来
ever since... 自从
2
enter
v.参加；报名
①n. 入口 entry
②参加考试
enter the competition/ exam
3
competition
n.比赛；竞争
4
prize
n.奖品；奖项
①一等奖first prize
②获奖 win a prize
5
dream
n.梦想
v.做梦；梦到
6
afford
v.买得起；付得起
负担得起做某事
afford to do sth.
7
write about
编写；写作
8
make up
编写；创作；编造
9
invite
v.邀请
①n. invitation 邀请函
②邀请某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth.
③邀请某人去某地
invite sb. to a place
10
move
v.搬家；改变...的位置
move in搬进新居
move away离开，搬开，移走
move around走来走去
拓展：move v.感动
moved adj.受感动的
moving adj.感人的
11
send
（sent）
v.派遣去；命令...去
①派某人去做某事
send sb. to do sth.
②寄东西给某人
send sb. sth. =send sth. to sb.
12
Germany
n.德国
德国人 German
13
France
n.法国
法国人 Frenchman
14
tower
n.塔
15
ancient
adj.古老的
an ancient tower
16
king
n.国王；君王
17
queen
n.女王；王后
18
Arabic
n.阿拉伯语
19
way
n.方面；态度
20
mix
v.相混合；融合
mix...with 与...融合
21
miss
v.惦念；想念
22
count
v.数，清点
①count from...to...从...数到...
②count down倒数
Key points
1、①☆ maybe 用作副词，意为"或许；可能”相当于 perhaps, 常位于句首。
may be 这里may 是情态动词，be 是动词原形，常位于居中。
Eg :Maybe he is interested in playing piano.
=He may be interested in playing piano.
【拓展】辨析win, beat
②win “获胜”，通常用 game, war, match, prize 之类的名词作宾语.
beat “击败，打败”，宾语多是人或群体（sb. / team / country）。
2、☆ever 作副词，意为“曾经,在任何时候"，一般用在助动词/情态动词后， 实义动词前。 常用短语:ever since（从今以后） ；for ever （永远）。
Eg：She's the best girl I have ever seen.
【拓展】辨析before, ago
before
①作副词，表示从过去算起某个时间之前；
② before 作介词，意为“在...之前”，用作介词时，可表示时间、顺序或位置等
③连词，引导时间状语从句。
I have seen the actress before.
Have you seen her before?
You must finish your homework before lunch.
ago
ago 不能单独使用，只能用作副词。
“时间段+ago”表示从现在算起若干时间以前，常用于一般过去时。
My father went to Shanghai two days ago.
3、①dream adj. 在这里意为“梦寐以求的”，用于名词前作定语。
Eg：I’ve always wanted to go on a dream holiday. But I can't afford it.
②dream n. “梦；梦想” v. 意为“做梦；梦想”。
常用短语：dream of “梦想；向往” ； dream about “梦见;梦到”。
Eg：My dream is to be a famous person.
③☆afford v.买得起（某物），afford sth. 常与 can, could 或be able to 连用。
表示“有能力做某事，做某事支付得起” afford to do sth.
4、☆stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事，表示停止正在做的原来的事”。
stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做某事”,表示停下来原来做的事之后去做另一件事。
Eg：I am too tired. Let’s stop to have a rest.
You should stop playing computer games, and then go to bed.
5、That's a pity.
①☆pity 用作可数名词，意为“可惜，遗憾；遗憾的事” 固定用法：
（1）That's a pity. 意为“那很可惜”。
—I missed the early bus. 一That's a pity.
（2）It's a pity + that 从句。意为“ 是个遗憾”。
It's a pity that he didn't accept the job.
（3）What a pity!意为"真遗憾！/太可惜！ ”。
What a pity! You can't go to my birthday party.
6、☆to win it 的动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。动词不定式短语作目的状语可位于句首，与后面的句子用逗号隔开，也可以用于句末。
Eg：To win it, you need to write a short story about a place you've visited.
7、☆make up 编造，杜撰
Eg：Make up a reason if you have to. You can make it up.
【拓展】make up 的其他含义：
弥补，I don’t see very well, but my ears and nose make up for it!
组成，构成，Women officers make up 13 percent of the police force.
(给...)化妆，(为...)打扮，She spent too much time making herself up.
8、☆合成形容词fifteen-year-old, 连词符不能省略。可作前置定语修饰名词。
Eg：Mike Robinson is a fifteen-year-old American boy and his sister Clare is fourteen.
9、one of +the +最高级+名词复数 “最...之一”
Eg：...one of the biggest and busiest cites in Africa.
10、 ①☆send 动词，“派遣去；命令去”。
send sb. to do sth.意为“派某人去做某事”
Eg： ...it has sent Peter to work in Germany, France and China before,...
②【拓展】send 还可意为“邮寄；发送；发射”等。
固定用法：send sb. sth = send sth. to sb.意为“把...寄送给某人”。
Eg: Please send me some pictures of Beijing.=Please send some pictures of Beijing to me.
11、☆the Robinsons 是“the+姓氏复数形式”的结构，指该姓氏夫妇二人或全家人。该结构作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
Eg：The Robinsons love seeing the world.
12、☆have been to, have gone to, have been in
have been to
去过某地已回来。
常与 ever, never, just 等词连用，后面也可以跟 once, twice, three times 等表示次数的词
My father has ever been to Bejing twice.
have gone to
去了某地未回来
Mr. Wang isn’t here. He has been to Qingdao.
have been in
表示“待在某地・••・•・",强调已在某地，可与 since / for 引导的一段时间连用。
They have been in China for two years.
13、☆ it 作形式宾语：“主语+动词+形式宾语 it+形容词(作宾语补足语)+真正的宾语(动词不定式)” 常见这一用法的动词 think, feel, make, believe, find 等。
Eg：...and they find it hard to spell and pronounce the words.
14、☆ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”，否定形式为 ask sb. not to do sth.
Eg：The company has asked Peter to work back in the US.
☆寻求帮助ask for help
现在完成时（一）
一、 现在完成时的基本概念
现在完成时表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的或发生过的事情，强调的是
这种行为对现在有某种影响或产生某种结果。
I have read the story in the newspaper. I don’t want to read again.
现在完成时还可以表示到目前为止曾经经历过或者没有经历过的事情。
Have you ever climbed that mountain?
二、 现在完成时的考点
1. 基本结构：助动词 have / has+过去分词（done）
（1） 规则动词：
规则动词过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
（2） 不规则动词
2. 常见标志词：
①already 已经，
肯定句中或句尾
I have already found my pen.
Has he returned already?
②yet 已经，
否定句和疑问句句尾
I have not finished the work yet.
Have you bought a computer yet?
③ever 曾经，句中
Have you ever seen pandas?
This is the best movie we have ever seen.
④never 从不，句中
I have never been to Beijing.
Betty has never read such a funny book.
⑤just 刚刚，句中
I have just done my work.
⑥before 以前，句尾
I have never been there before.
Have you heard of him before?
⑦so far 到目前为止
So far he has learnt 200 words.
⑧recently 最近，近来
Have you heard from them recently?
3.句型
肯定句：主语+ have/has +过去分词+其他
否定句：主语+ have / has + not +过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句：Have / Has +主语+过去分词+其他？
简略答语：Yes,主语+ have/has.（肯定） No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.（否定）
MODULE 3 Journey to space
序号
英文
词性和释文
拓展
1
earth
n.地球
在地球上on the earth
2
moon
n.月亮；月球
3
news
n.新闻；消息
不可数名词
一则新闻a piece of news
4
planet
n.行星
5
reach
v.到达；抵达
辨别：reach，arrive，get
reach+ 地点
get to+ 地点
arrive in+ 大地点
arrive at+ 小地点
6
yet
adv.还，尚
7
just
adv.刚才；刚刚
刚刚，刚才just now
8
model
n.模型
9
spaceship
n.航天器；宇宙飞船
10
project
n.计划；工程；项目
11
no problem
没问题
12
latest
adj.最近的；最新的
13
on
prep.在播放中；关于...
14
discover
v.发现；找到
辨别：discover，invent，find,look for
discover找到；（强调发现已存在的东西，比如：发现新大陆）
invent发明；（比如：爱迪生发明电灯）
find找到；（强调结果）
kook for寻找；（强调过程）
15
astronaut
n.宇航员
16
space travel
航天旅行
17
none
prep.没有一人；没有一个
18
environment
n.环境
adj.环境的environmental
19
that
pron.那；那个（前面已提及的事物）
20
solar
adj.太阳的；与太阳有关的
21
system
n.系统；体系
太阳系solar system
22
group
n.群；组
成群地in groups / in a group
23
galaxy
n.星系
24
universe
n.宇宙
在宇宙中in the universe
25
light
n.光，光线，亮
adj.轻的，浅的，明亮的
“光线”不可数；“灯”可数
26
impossible
adj.不可能的
可能的possible
27
out
adv.在远方
28
communicate
v.联系；交流
①n.沟通；通讯communication
②和某人交流
communicate with sb.
Key points
1、☆What are you up to?常用于非正式场合，相当于“What are you doing?”
其中的be up to意为“忙于某事”,相当于be busy with sth.
(l)What's up?口语中常用句式，意为“有什么事吗；怎么了"，相当于What’s the matter/ trouble? What's wrong?等。
(2)be up to意为“由……决定，是……的义务"
Eg：It is up to you.
2、☆ latest用作形容词，意为“最新的，最近的”，位于名词前作定语。
Eg：Do you have any latest news about Mary？
【拓展】♦latest, late, later, lately
latest
adj."最新的，最近的”；
作late的最高级时意为 “最晚的（地）”。
The company is selling its latest type of cars.
late
adj.或adv. 意为“迟的（地），晚的（地）
Jack goes to work late sometimes.
later
adj.或adv.,意为“后来（的），随后（的）也可以是late的比较级“更晚的（地）”
时间段+later
Two hours later, the ship left.
lately
adv. “近来,最近” = recently,常用于现在完成时。
They have built a new palace lately.
3、That’s why…句式 “那就是......的原因，那就是为什么....”，后面跟的是结果。
That’s because.... “那是因为....”，后面跟的是原因。
Eg：The animal looks very dirty. That's why I don’t like it.
Tom was late for school in the morning. That’s because he got up late.
4、☆in order to do sth. 意为“为了、以便于做某事”，在句中作目的状语，既可以位于句中，也可以位于句首，相当于so as to。其否定形式是in order not to do sth.
Eg : Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.
【拓展】in order that意为“为了，以便于”，引导目的状语从句，不能位于句首。从句中常用can, could, may, might等情态动词。in order that和in order to两者可相互转换。
Eg：I'm saving money in order that I can buy a house.
5、☆search for意为“搜寻；探索；寻找”，是比较正式的用语，强调寻找的行为，表示花费极大的精力去搜寻某个特定的目标，指竭力想要找到某人或某物。
【拓展】动词search意为“查找；搜查”，用于人时指“搜身”，用于物时表示对某个地点的查。
Eg :You can go online to search for information.
The police searched the man and found a gun.
They all went there to search for the lost child.
6、辨析：already，yet， still
already
意为“已经”, 通常用于陈述句;
yet
意为“尚”“仍然”,常用于否定句和疑问句；
still
表示“仍然,还”,放于句中。
7、hundred， thousand， million，billion的特殊用法
（1）前面有具体数目,hundred, thousand, million, billion不用加s和of；
800(eight hundred)， 3, 000(three thousand)
（2）表示不确定数目,加s 加of. 口诀：
hundreds of(数百) 具体数字直接加，
thousands of(数千) 不确定时，有s有of
millions of(数百万)+ 名词复数
8、☆none意为“没有一人；没有一个”，表示三者或三者以上都不。none of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数形式，也可以用单数形式。None of + 不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Eg：I like none of these stories.
None of these girls like / likes the film.
None of the money is his.
【拓展】♦none,no one, neither
none
指三者或三者以上“都不”，反义词是all。可指人指物。
None of the guests want / wants to stay.
no one
泛指“没有人”（=nobody）,不接of， 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
No one is going to the concert tomorrow.
neither
意为“两者都不”，与both正好相反。neither of作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Neither of the two boys is right.
9、☆imagine v. “想象”，这句用到了 It’s+ adj.+ to do...的句型。
常见搭配：imagine doing sth. “想象做某事”。
Eg :I imagine becoming a star.
10、☆ “形容词/副词 + enough to do sth.”意为“足够……能做某事",其中的不定式结构作结果状语。 其中的enough要放在所修饰的形容词或副词的后面。
adj./adv. + enough to do sth.
enough+n.
形前名后
Eg：The room is large enough to hold three beds.
I don't have enough money to pay for the expensive bike.
拓展：常与so...that.. ,too...to放一起考察
Eg：He is old enough to go to school.
He is too young to go to school.
He is so old that he can go to school.
11、辨析alone, lonely：
alone
adv. / adj., “独自一人”，只强调形体上的孤独状态，不具感情色彩。
Are you alone at home.
lonely
意为“孤独的，寂寞的”，强调人精神上的孤独，具有强烈的感情色彩。可以表示地方“荒凉的，偏僻的”。
be/feel + lonely
I was travelling alone in the lonely mountain.
I didn't feel lonely though I was alone.
MODULE 4 Seeing the doctor
序号
英文
词性和释文
拓展
1
cough
n.咳嗽； v.咳嗽
2
fever
n.发烧； 发热
3
headache
n.头痛
4
stomach
n.腹部； 肚
stomach ache胃痛
5
ache
n.痛；疼痛
6
toothache
n.牙痛
7
ill
adj.不健康的；有病的
区别：ill和sick
ill 作表语
I am ill.
sick作定语
There is a sick boy.
名词：illness， sickness
8
this
pron.这，这个（刚提到的人或物）
9
since
prep.自...以来
conj.自...以来
10
cold
n.感冒；伤风
11
take
（took）
v.测定；量取
12
take sb’s temperature
量某人体温
13
fast food
快餐食品
14
health
n.健康
①adj. Healthy
②保持健康keep/stay healthy
15
well
adj.健康的
well -better -best
16
heart
n.心脏
熟记learn by heart
使某人伤心hurt one’s heart
灰心lose heart
赢得...的心win sb’s heart
=win the heart of sb.
全神贯注于put one’s heart into
17
active
adj.积极的；活跃的
an active boy
18
pet
n.宠物
19
member
n.成员；会员
20
take part in
参加；参与（某事）
21
condition
n.状况；身体状况
健康状况良好
in excellent condition
22
sleepy
adj.困的；想睡的
23
then
adv.当时，那时
从那时起from then on
从现在起from now on
24
daily
adj.每天的；天天的
25
weak
adj.弱的；虚弱的
弱者，病人the weak
strong adj.强壮的
26
illness
n.病；疾病
27
exercise
v.运动；锻炼
take exercise做运动
28
awful
adj.极讨厌的；极坏的
29
feel awful
感到不舒服
30
all over
全身；到处
31
perhaps
adv.也许；可能
Key points
1、☆have got a stomachache 也可以用 have a stomach ache 替换，意为“胃痛，腹痛”。 have在此用作实义动词。
【拓展】♦辨析ache和pain
ache
主要指肉体局部持续的疼痛或隐痛，故它常与某 些表示身体部位的词构成合成词，表示身体某处 疼痛,此时不用pain.
The ache in her back lasted for two days.
pain
使用范围较广，可指轻微的疼痛或剧烈的痛，可指局部或全身的痛，可指持续的痛或突发的痛。
The girl cried with pain.
2、☆how long意为“多久，多长时间”，可用于现在完成时句子中。回答时常用
“for+时间段”或 “since+时间点”。
Eg：How long have you been like this?
how long所引导的特殊疑问句中，谓语动词要用延续性动词keep, stay等,而不能用终止性动词 buy, borrow , join 等。
how long
问“多久，多长时间”
用“for+时间段”或 “since+时间点”回答，常用于现在完成时
也可问长度“多长”
（1）-How long have you been in China？
-For three months
（2）-How long is the bridge?
how soon
问“多久”
用“in+ 时间段”回答，表将来
-How soon will he come back?
-In five minutes.
how often
对频率进行提问
Once/ twice a week
或three/ four....times a week
-How often do you visit your grandparents?
-Twice a week.
how far
多远，对距离提问
-How far is it from your home to your school?
-About two kilometers.
3、辨析catch a cold和have a cold
catch a cold
强调感冒的行为，是终止性动词短语，不可以与一段时间连用。
have a cold
表示“感冒”的状态，是延续性动词短语，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
Eg : He has had a cold for three days.
Put on warm clothes, or you may catch a cold.
4、☆What about...? "……怎么样？"这个句型常用来提岀建议，相当于How about...?如果其后跟动词短语，需变为动名词。即what/ how about + V-ing？
Eg：What about a cup of tea?
What about going swimming?
5、①辨析much too, too much, too many
too much
表示“太多” + 不可数名词
too many
表示“太多” + 可数名词复数
much too
表示“非常,极其,太……” + adj./ adv. 原级
没有many too
Eg：She is much too fat, because she eats too much junk food.
There are too many books in the study.
②in front of “在...的前面”。指人或物外部的前面。
in the front of “在...的前部”指在人或物的内部的前部。
Eg：（1）Please don't stand in front of me.
（2）Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom.
6、be harmful to意为“对....有害”，相当于do harm to或be bad for。其中harmful的反义词是 harmless“无害的”；其名词是harm。 反义词：be good for对...有好处
Eg：Smoking is be harmful to people's health.
Smoking does harm to people's health.
Smoking is bad for people's health.
7、①☆by (doing)sth. 意为“通过，用，靠(某种手段或方式)”,强调通过某种方式。
Eg：We can order the tickets by telephone.
You can learn about the news by listening to the radio.
②take sb. / sth. for a walk意为“带着某人或某物去散步”
8、 decide v. 决定 decision n.决定
Eg：Our teacher decided to start a girl’s football team.
☆决定做某事decide to do sth. 做决定make a decision
下定决心做某事make up one’s mind to do sth.
9、☆sleepy意为“困的，想睡的”。
He feels sleepy now, so he can hardly keep his eyes open.
【拓展】♦辨析 sleepy, asleep, sleep
sleepy
Adj. “困的,想睡的”，可作定语和表语。 be / feel（felt） sleepy
asleep
Adj. “睡着的”，作表语。 常用短语fall（fell） asleep
sleep
v. / n. “睡觉. 常用搭配go to sleep
Eg : He was so tired that he fell asleep quickly.
Be quiet and go to sleep right now.
I'm so sleepy that my attention is wondering.
10、①☆suggest v. “建议，提议”。后接名词、代词、动名词或that从句作宾语。
suggest（sb.）doing sth. 或 suggest that（should）do sth.....表示“建议某人做某事”。
Eg：He suggested having a rest.
I suggest that we should do homework first.
【拓展】
suggestion n.建议（可数名词） advice n.建议（不可数名词）
advise doing sth. advise sb. to do sth.
②go for a run 去跑步，这里的run作名词。
③Why don't we/you do...?意为“为什么不……？ ”用来提建议。相当于Why not...?后跟动词原形。
11、☆ “too+形容词或副词的原级+to+动词原形” 意为“太...而不能 ",形式上是肯定的，在意义上是否定的。要表示“对某人来说太……而不能做某事"用“too...for sb.to do sth."。
Eg：He is too shy to speak to his teacher.
MODULE 5 Cartoons
序号
英文
词性和释文
拓展
1
cartoon
n. 漫画；动画片
2
handsome
adj.漂亮的；英俊的
3
smart
adj.聪明的
4
sky
n.天；天空
5
fight
v.与...斗争
n.战斗；斗争
6
cool
adj.时髦的；酷的
7
hero
n.英雄；男主角
复数：heroes
口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿
heroes; potatoes; tomatoes
8
humorous
adj.幽默的；滑稽的
humor n.幽默感
9
can't help doing sth.
忍不住做某事
10
laugh
v.笑；发笑
嘲笑某人；对某人发笑
laugh at sb.
11
lesson
n,经验；教训
12
orange-and- white
adj.橙白相间的
13
ugly
adj.丑陋的；难看的
an ugly green animal
14
win the heart of sb.
赢得某人的心
win sb’s heart
15
schoolbag
n.书包
16
lead
（led）
v,领导；率领
导致；通向lead to
17
clever
adj.聪明的；机灵的
18
as
conj.当...时
19
mess
n.脏乱；凌乱
一团糟in a mess
弄得一团糟make a mess
20
heaven
n.天国；天堂
在天堂in heaven
21
expect
v.期盼；等待
22
artist
n.艺术家；画家
一位画家an artist
23
invent
v.发明；创造
invention n.发明
发明家 n. inventor
24
copy
n.(一)本；(一)份
25
black-and- white
adj.黑白的
26
own
adj.自己的
27
private
adj.私人的；个人的
privacy n.隐私
28
create
v.创造
adj.有创造力的 creative
n.创造力 creation
29
satisfy
v.满足；使满意
①adj.感到满意的；满足的
satisfied
②adj.令人满意的
satisfying
③对...满意
be satisfied with
Key points
1、①finish v. 完成，结束 （三单：finishes）
固定搭配：完成某事 finish sth. 完成做某事finish doing sth.
Eg: We've finished our homework. It's time to watch a cartoon.
After finish doing homework, you can have a rest.
②it’s time to do sth. = it’s time for sth. 到做某事的时间了，该做某事了
Eg:It’s time to go to school.
=It’s time for school.
2、☆fight及物动词，意为“和.......战斗,反对(除去...)”其过去式和过去分词形式都是fought.
Eg：The brave soldiers were fighting the enemies.
【拓展】fight还可用作不及物动词或名词，意为“战斗，打架”，常用搭配如下：
（1）fight against表示“同......而战”，后接表示人或国家的名词时。
We will fight against the enemy.
（2）fight for意为“为（自由、真理、权利等）而斗争”，其后多接抽象名词。
We must fight for peace and development.
（3） fight with后接表示人或国家，意为“和...争、打斗"也表示“与某人争论、争辩”
Have you fought with your brother before?
②辨析：
through
介词
“内部穿过”through the window/ forest
across
介词
“表面穿过”across the river/ road
cross
动词
go across / walk across同义
past
介词
旁边经过
3、☆keep doing sth.，意为“一直/持续做某事”，表示保持同一动作的持续动态或连续不断的动作。
Eg: It kept raining all the night.
拓展：keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 = stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.
4、①☆否定转移现象：动词think,believe等后跟宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称、且是一般现在时的时候，后面从句的否定表达要转移到主句上来。
Eg：I don't think she is a good doctor.
I don't believe she comes from America.
②agree 用法：
agree with sb.同意某人（意见/想法）
agree on sth.同意某事
agree to do sth.同意做某事
Eg：Can you agree on the plan.
I quite agree with you.
We agreed to leave early.
5、①☆can't help doing sth.意为“忍不住做某事，情不自禁做某事”，也可以说can’t stop doing sth.
Eg: The girl couldn’t help crying when she heard the sad news.
②laugh是不及物动词，若接宾语，后面需出现介词。
（1）laugh at sb. 意为"嘲笑某人;对某人发笑”。
（2）laugh还可用作可数名词，意为“笑声；引人发笑的人或物”
Eg：He gave a loud laugh when he saw the funny monkey.
6、①区别：beat和win
beat + 人/ 国家/队伍 win +奖品/ 比萨
②☆a lot在句中作副词短语，修饰动词；可翻译为“经常”、“许多”、“非常”。
I like her a lot.
I talk a lot, I know.
I can run a lot faster than you.
【拓展】此时要注意和a lot of的区别，a lot of = lots of修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词或代词。
7、 protect v.保护 protection n.
Eg：Sometimes they protect each other and work together.
固定搭配：protect sb. from doing sth. 保护...免受....
☆口诀：直接加V-ing.
完成练习值得忙 finish， practice， be worth， be busy；
继续习惯别放弃 keep (on)， be used to， give up；
考虑建议不禁想 consider， suggest，can' t help， feel like；
喜欢思念要介意 enjoy，miss，mind.
想象imagine
期待做某事look forward to doing 集中注意力做某事pay attention to doing
8、①☆both of意为“两者都”，后跟可数名词复数或代词。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如果要表示 “两者都不”，要用neither of +名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Eg：Both of my parents are doctors.
Neither of them is interested in music.
【拓展】固定用法both...and...,意为“ 和...都”，相当于not only...but also...
（1）Both Mike and his brother have seen the film.
（2）Both Mike and Joe are in No. 2 Middle School.
②win the heart of sb. = win sb’s heart
Eg：This movie wins the heart of me. = This movie wins my heart.
③all over the world 全世界
9、☆lead（led）意为“领导，率领”， 固定搭配：lead the army "率领部队”。
Eg：He will lead the Party from now on.
【拓展】lead做动词，还意为“领路；通往”、“导致（后果）”、“过（某种生活）”
固定搭配：lead to导致, lead a... life.
Eg：We are leading a simple but happy life.
10、①☆as在句中作连词，意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句和从句的动作同时发生。
As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store.
【拓展】as作连词，还有其他的意义：
（1）“由于，因为”，作连词、表原因。
As you were out, I left a message.
（2）“作为”，作介词。
As a middle school student, we should keep on working hard and taking exercise.
②make a mess 搞成一团糟
11、expect v.期待
expect sth./ sb. 期待某事/某人
expect to do sth. 期待做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事
Eg：They always expect to see more Monkey King cartoons.
12、①☆ever since“自从”相当于since, ever其强调作用。可单独位于句末，也可引导时间状语从句。其主句通常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I have never heard from her ever since.
②popular adj. 流行的
受...欢迎be popular with
Eg: He is popular with teachers.
13、☆as well as意为“也，还，不但...而且”，其后常接名词或动词ing形式。
Eg：They sell newspapers as well as magazines.
As well as常用来连接两个并列的成分。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。当as well as连接两个并列主语时，as well as所在句子的谓语和前一个主语一致。（就远原则）
Eg：She can sing as well as dance.
MODULE 6 Hobbies
序号
英文
词性和释文
拓展
1
fan
n.扇子；粉丝
2
stamp
n.邮票
3
tidy up
整理；整洁
4
shelf
n.隔板；架子
复数：shelves
在架子上on the shelf
5
have a look
看一看
6
as
prep. 作为
7
coin
n.硬币
8
note
n.便笺；钞票；笔记
9
pound
n.英镑
10
dollar
n.（美、加拿大、澳等国）元
11
must
v.aux. 一定，肯定（用于表示 某事可能是真实的）
12
valuable
adj.有价值的
13
with
prep.用
没有，不用 prep. Without
14
value
n.价值
v.珍惜
15
just
adv.只是；仅仅
16
person
n.人（常指成年人）
17
interest
n.兴趣；利息
18
skill
n.技能，技艺
19
activity
n.活动
20
sailing
n.航海；航行
21
come out
出版
22
result
n.结果；后果
23
as a result
因此，结果
24
pleasure
n.快乐；荣幸
25
success
n.成功
Key points
1、☆a bit of “有点” , a bit of +不可数名词，相当a little.
Eg :Tom knows a bit of French.
【拓展】a bit和a little：
a bit / a little + v. /adj. 或adv.原级
+ adj./ adv.比较级
Eg：Will you please tum down the radio a bit / a little?
She is a bit / little afraid of the teacher.
Her mother feels a bit / a little better today.
2、☆have a look意为“看一看”，其中的look为名词。have a look也可以换成take a look，如果短语后面接宾语时，后应加介词at。
Eg: Let me have a look.
Let me have a look at your family photo.
3、☆value可作不可数名词，意为“价值，有用性”，其同义词是price 价值”。
the value of 意为“...的价值”；
of great/some/little/ no value to意思为“对…有很大/一些/很小/没有价值”。
Eg：You don't know the value of health.
This computer is of great value to us.
【拓展】value还可用作动词，意为“给……估价；珍惜；重视”等。
The paintings have been valued at over 200,000 dollars.
4、①☆show意为“出示；给……看”，其后可接双宾语，
即show sb. sth. 意为“把某物出示给某人看”，= show sth. to sb.
类似的动词还有 give, send, pass, lend, bring, sell 等。
eg：She showed her new ring to her friends.
Please show me your new dress.=Please show your new dress to me.
You can show it to the taxi driver. （宾语为代词时，只用show sth. to sb.）
②from all over the world来自全世界
5、①to remember...是动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。
remember为动词，意为"记住；想起”，其反义词是forget.
☆区别remember to do sth. 和 remember doing sth.
remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做）
remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做）
②something important意为“重要的事情”。当形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody等时，形容词要放在不定代词的后面。
Eg：Is there anything important in today’s newspaper?
6、①☆person用作可数名词，意为“人（通常指成年人）”，着重指个人，多和具体数字连用。
常用短语：in person亲自； in the person of "代表”。
Eg：He is a very nice person, always pleasant and friendly
I shall be present at the meeting in person.
区别：people作“人”时是集合名词，表复数概念。
【拓展】person的形容词形式为personal，用在名词前作定语。
Eg: I have something personal to talk to you.我有一些私人事情告诉你。
②☆make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，其中的make是使役动词，后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，不定式符号to必须省略。
使役动词：make、have、let
Eg：The boy made the baby laugh by making a face at him.
③☆interest, interesting, interested
interest
动词，意为“使……感兴趣，引起关注”，后跟人称代词的宾格作宾语
Does this book really interest you?
名词，意为“兴趣”
have/has an interest in... 对...感兴趣
He has an interest in science.
interesting
形容词，意为“有趣的。令人感兴趣的”，主语通常是物，说明物本身具有的特点，作表语或定语。
The stories are interesting to listen to.
interested
形容词,意为“感兴趣的”，主语通常是人。
对...感兴趣
be/ get/ become interested in
The interesting movie doesn't interest me, because I am not interested in it.
④develop v.发展，形成，成长，提高
短语：develop one’s interests培养某人兴趣
养成...的习惯develop the habit of doing sth.
7、①☆encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。encourage sb. in sth.意为“在某方面鼓励某人”。
Eg：Then she encouraged us to write about our experiences at the camp.
【拓展】courage n. 勇气
8、☆come out意为“发行，出版”。
When will his new novel come out?
【拓展】come out的其他含义：
（1）（花）开放；发芽。
The trees turn green and the flowers come out in spring.
（2）（日、月、星辰等）出现；出来。
The rain stopped and the sun came out.
（3）（消息、真相、秘密）披露；被发现。
The fact of the event will come out in the newspaper.
积累：
come true 实现（梦想）
come over 顺便来访
come on 加油；快点
come up with 提出（建议）
come from 来自
9、☆as a result意为“结果；因此”，作状语，一般用逗号隔开，用来引出结果，前面是原因，后面是结果。
【拓展】as a result of “由于...；因为...”，接原因，常接名词或代词，相当于because of.
Eg：
Tom had some bad food last night, and as a result he felt ill this morning.
The train was late as a result of the heavy rain.
He made a big mistake, and as a result, he lost his job.
10、①☆pleasure在这里用作不可数名词，意为“愉悦；快乐”。
固定搭配：take pleasure in （doing） sth 意为“很高兴做某事”
have the pleasure of doing sth意为“有幸做某事”
with pleasure "高兴地”
Eg：Why not enjoy the pleasure of the countryside?
I’ll take great pleasure in telling everyone the truth.
May I have the pleasure of seeing you again?
【拓展】pleasure还可作动词，意为“使高兴，使满意”；或用作可数名词，意为“愉快的事，乐趣”在口语中常用It’s a pleasure很荣幸；很乐意；不用谢。作为应答感谢的客套语。
②☆success在这里作不可数名词，意为“成功；成就”。
常用短语：have success in意为“在...成功”。
success还可用作可数名词，意为“成功的人或事”，其复数形式为successes。
Eg:What's the secret of your success?
I didn't have much success in finding a job.
The party was a big success.
【拓展】succeed v. “成功”。successful adj. “成功的”。successfully adv.“成功地”
动词时态
一、 一般现在时
动词原形或（三单）动词原形+s/es ，取决于主语
用法
(1) 表示现在的状态
(2) 表示经常或习惯性的动作
(3) 在时间、条件状语从句中，主将从现
(4) 普遍的真理和自然规律
She is 12 years old.
He goes to work by bus every day.
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go hiking.
Light travels much faster than sound.
标志词
(1)sometimes, often, usually, always , never
(2)every day / week / month / year
(3)on Sunday / Monday
(4)once a week, twice a month
(5)in the morning / afternoon / evening
结构
肯定句： 主语 +be(am / is / are)+ 表语
主语 + 动词原形 / 动词第三人称单数 + 宾语
否定句： 主语 +be(am / is / are)+ not+ 表语
主语 + don't / doesn't + 动词原形 + 宾语
一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + 表语
Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语
特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + 表语
疑问词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语
二、 一般过去式
动词过去式
用法
（1）表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态
（2）表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作
I stayed up late last night.
My father used to be a worker.
标志词
（1）last+…
（2）yesterday, the day before yesterday
（3）ago
（4）just now
（5）表示过去的时间词
（6）once upon a time 很久以前
结构
肯定句： 主语 + was / were + 表语
主语 + 动词过去式
否定句： 主语 +wasn’t / weren’t+ 表语
主语 + didn’t+ 动词原形 + 宾语
一般疑问句： Was / Were + 主语 + 表语
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语
特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 表语
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语
三、 一般将来时
will（not） + 动词原形 或 be （not）going to+动词原形
用法
(1)表示将来的动作或状态 (2)be going to do 表示准备或打算做某事或根据迹象表明 “ 将会发生某事 ”
(3)be doing 表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情 ，常用这种结构的有 come, go, leave, arrive, start 等。
He will go to the USA soon.
I’m going to visit my aunt this weekend.
He is leaving for the USA soon.
标志词
(1)next week / month / year
(2)in+ 一段时间 ：in a week / two days / ten minutes
(3)tomorrow, the day after tomorrow
(4) 表示将来的时间词 ：soon, at the end of this year
结构
肯定句： 主语 + will/be going to + 动词原形
否定句： 主语 + will not / won't + 动词原形
主语 + be not going to + 动词原形
一般疑问句： Will + 主语 + 动词原形
Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形
特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形
疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形
There be句型一般将来时结构：
There will be 或者there is going to be
四、 现在进行时
be动词(am/is/are)+现在分词(V-ing.)
用法
(1) 表示现在 ( 说话瞬间 ) 正在进行或发生的动作
(2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态
(3)瞬间动词 ( 如 come, go, leave, arrive, start,die 等 ) 用现在进行时表示将来
Listen, who's singing?
We are preparing the final examinations these days.
Be quick, the bus is coming.
标志词
(1)Listen! / Look!
(2)now, at the moment, at present
(3)while 引导的状语从句中，通常用现在进行时
(4) 上下文提示
结构
肯定句： 主语 +be(is, am, are)+ doing
否定句： 主语 +be not+doing
一般疑问句： Be+ 主语 +doing
特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + doing
五、 过去进行时
was/were+现在分词(V-ing)
用法
(1) 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态
(2) 表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后 ， 另一个过去的动作正在进行
(3) 表示两个过去的动作同时进行 ， 这时可用连接词 while 连接
She was watching TV at nine last night.
I got home when my mother was cooking dinner.
Jim was reading a book while Jane was listening to music.
标志词
(1)at that time, then( 那时 )
(2)at this time yesterday, at 8 o'clock yesterday, from 7 to 9 last night
(3)when, while, all morning
结构
肯定句： 主语 +was / were+doing
否定句： 主语 +wasn't / weren't+doing
一般疑问句： Was / Were+ 主语 +doing
特殊疑问句： 疑问词 +was/were+ 主语 +doing
六、 现在完成时
have/has+过去分词(done)
用法
(1) 表示动作发生在过 去 ， 但对现在造成影响和结果
(2) 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在 ， 并有可能延续下去
I’ve finished my homework, so I'm watching TV now.
I have worked in the company for 10 years.
标志词
(1)already( 肯定句句中 ), yet( 疑问句或否定句句末 ), ever( 疑问句句中 ), never, just
(2)so far( 到目前为止), in the last/past... years( 在过去的 …… 年里 )
(3)for + 一段时间 ，for ten years, for an hour
(4)since+…ago, since 10 years ago, since an hour ago
since+ 时间点，since last night,
since +一般 过去时的从句，since we last met, since he came here
结构
肯定句： 主语 + has / have + 动词过去分词
否定句： 主语 + hasn’t / haven’t + 动词过去分词
一般疑问句： Has / Have + 主语 + 动词过去分词
特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + has / have + 主语 + 动词过去分词
现在完成时重点：
1、短暂性动词不能与for和since连用，表示一段时间，注意用延续性动词。
短暂性动词——延续性动词：
come / go——be at / in arrive / reach——be
begin——be on borrow——keep
buy——have close / open——be closed / be open
die——be dead get up——be up
join——be (in) leave——be away from
lose——not have put on——wear
2、重点区分 ：have been to, have gone to, have been in
(1)have been to “ 去过某地已回来”，常与表示次数的副词连用 。
(2)have gone to “ 去了某地还没有回来”，强调已离开说话者所在地方 ，在路上或已到了目的地 。
(3)have been in “ 待在某地”，强调已经在目的地 ，与表示一段时间的介词短语连用 。
Eg: I have been to Australia a few times.
You can’t see Mary at the moment, for she has gone to Australia.
I have been in Australia for 6 years.
MODULE 7 Summer in Los Angeles
序号
英文
词性和释文
拓展
1
list
n.名单；清单
a list of一列；一栏
2
make a list
列清单
3
crazy
adj.疯狂的
①对某人/某物着迷
be crazy about sb. / sth.
②发疯
go crazy
4
at the end of
在...的结尾
5
shorts
n.短裤
6
trousers
n.裤子
7
sunglasses
n.太阳镜；墨镜
一副太阳眼镜
a pair of sunglasses
8
homestay
n.家庭寄宿
9
weigh
v.（称）重
10
total
adj.总的；全部的
总共in total
11
weight
n.重量
①增重put on weight
②减肥lose weight
12
passport
n.护照
13
culture
n.文化
adj. cultural有文化的
14
at the same time
同时
15
last
v.持续
16
depend
v.视...而定
depend on取决于；依靠
17
provide
v.提供
18
test
v./ n.测试；考试
19
progress
v./ n.进步
20
guest
n.客人
21
daily life
日常生活
22
form
v.形成
n.表格
23
friendship
n.友谊
朋友 n. friend
友好的 adj. friendly
对某人友好be friendly to sb.
不友好的 adj. unfriendly
24
stay/ keep in touch with sb.
与某人保持联系
25
prefer
v.更喜爱
26
certain
adj.确定的；无疑的
27
fill
v.填满
28
fill out
填写；填充
Key points
1、 prepare for... 为...做准备
Eg：Lingling is preparing for her trip to LA.
2、☆what to do是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。
Eg：Do you know how to do it?
Well, it sounds crazy but I don't know what to take.
3、☆辨析
at the end of
后接时间名词时。意为“在...末”；
后接地点名词时。意为“在...尽头”
You can find the hospital at the end of the street.
by the end of
后常接时间，意为“到...结束时”，句中动词用完成时或将来时。
We have learned about 1000 words by the end of this term.
in the end
最后；终于，与at last， finally同义。
In the end, we beat them and won the match.
come to an end
动词短语，意为“结束”，相当于finish.
The meeting came to an end at half past four yesterday afternoon.
4、☆pay for意为“为……付款，支付费用”。在句中通常用人作主语，其过去式和过去分词均是paid.
表示“某人花费一些钱买某物”，常用“sb. pay + 钱 + for + 某物"
Eg :How much did you pay for this trip?
His mom paid for his driving lessons.
5、☆ ’better是had better的缩写，意为“最好”，had better do sth.,用来表示对别人的一种建议、劝告或愿景，意为“最好做某事”。
其否定形式为：had better not do sth..
Eg：You'd better ask the travel company about the total weight for all your bags.
6、☆by the way意为“顺便说；顺便问一句”，常位于句子的开头，并用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开， 用作插入语。用于交谈中引出其他话题或问题。
辨析：
by the way
用作插入语，意为“顺便说说，顺便问下”。
By the way, where has Li Ming gone?
in the way
意为“意碍,阻碍，挡着...的路”，也可以用作 in one's way。
There was a big truck in the way.
on the way
意为“在……的路上”，后常与介词连用，后接表示地点的名词，也可表示“即将发生、到达” 的意思。
What did you do on the way to school?
in this way
意为“用这种方式、办法”，也可用作in that
way
I find it easier to work in this way.
in a way
意为“在某种程度上”，也可用作in one way。
In a way, I agree with them.
7、☆offer用作及物动词，意为“主动提供，给予”。
“向某人提供某物” offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
Eg：I did what I do to offer the comfortable life to my families.
【拓展】还可意为“主动要求；主动提出” 。
固定用法：offer to do sth. 表示“愿意做某事；主动提出做某事” 。
8、last v.持续 “last （for）+时间段”表示“持续多长时间”
Eg：The hot weather lasted the whole month of June.
The courses last for four, six or eight weeks.
【拓展】
（1） last adj.最后的，最近的
He was the last one to leave.
（2） last adv.上一次，最后
When did you see him last?
（3） last n.最后的人或事物
I think the box is the last.
9、 depend on意为“依靠 ；取决于 ；决定于 "，其中的介词on也可以用upon代替，其后接名词、代词、动名词或从句作宾语。
depend on不用于进行时态和被动语态。
Eg：When we will go camping depends on the weather.
10、①辨析“提供”
offer
多指主动提出或提供建议或物品等，但是否接受由对方自行决定。
常用结构：offer sb. sth,=offer sth. to sb.
He offered his seat to an old man on the bus.
supply
指定期大量供应，强调代替或补充所需物品。常用结构：
supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth.
“为某人提供某物”
Hens supply eggs to us.
provide
多指为应急等做好准备而“提供，供应”
常用结构：
provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.
表示“向某人提供某物”
The earth provides us with food, air and water.
②progress 不可数名词，“进步；进展”
（1）取得（很大）进步 make （much）progress
（2）取得迅速/缓慢进步 make rapid /slow progress
（3）在进行中 in progress
11、①☆form作动词，“建立，（使）形成”，可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。
Eg：I formed many close friendships at college.
A plan formed in my head.
②☆stay in touch with sb, 意为“与某人保持联系” = keep in touch with sb.
【拓展】get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系
Eg : Finally we got in touch with the army.
lose in touch with sb.与某人失去联系
Eg : Linda has lost in touch with most of her friends from primary.
12、☆prefer意为“更喜欢，宁愿……”，其后常跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
常见的搭配：
（1） 更喜欢某物 prefer sth.
（2） 宁愿/更喜欢做某事 prefer to do sth.
（3） 与（做）某事相比，更喜欢（做）某事 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
（4） 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
Eg：Would you prefer rice or noodles?
I prefer to play football.
I prefer swimming to running.
I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.
13、☆certain用作形容词，意为“确定的，无疑的”，在句中常用作表语，其后可接动词不定式，表达说话人的看法，即be certain to do sth. "相信某(会)做某事”。
Eg：We are certain to win the game.
【拓展】常见其他搭配有：be certain of/about sth. “对某事很确定”，
make certain “弄清楚”，
make certain of doing sth."有把握做某事”，
for certain "无疑地，确定地”。
We are certain of his success.
If you want to be certain of getting a ticket, book now.
I’m certain I left the key at home.
并列复合句
并列复合句是由并列连词把两个成两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。并列复合句中的各个简单句相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。并列连词按其作用可以分为并列、转折、选择和因果四大类。
1、并列关系。并列连词and意为“和，又，并且”,用来连接并列关系的单词短语或句子，起承上启下的作用，表示意思的顺延或增补。
Eg：I went to the supermarket and bought some vegetables this morning.
2、 转折关系。并列连词but意为“但是，却",表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。
Eg：The car is very old but it runs very fast.
注意：英语中用了 “虽然〈although或though）”,就不用“但是（but）”，用了 “但是（but）”就不再用“虽然（although 或 though）”。
【拓展】常用的表示转折关系的并列连词还有while（然而）和yet（但是）等。
Eg：The first sentence is easy, while the second one is very hard.
3、 选择关系。并列连词 or意为,或者”，表示选择关系，用来连接并列的单词、短语或句子。另外，在否定句中否定并列成分时，用or不用and。
Eg：We can visit the World Park or travel around the world.
I don’t like bread, rice or porridge.
注意:连词and和or可以与祈使句连用，构成“祈使句+ and/or +简单句”的结构，and表示顺承关系，or用来表示转折关系，or在这里的意思是“否则，不然”。
Eg：Hurry up, or you’11 be late.
Put on your coat, or（否则）you will catch a cold.
MODULE 8 Time off
序号
英文
词性和释文
拓展
1
hardly
adv.几乎不
区别hard
adj. 困难的；硬的；努力的
adv. 努力地；猛烈地
2
take up
占用（时间；空间）
3
point out
指出；指明
4
sights
n.（复数）风景；名胜
sight视力（不可数名词）
5
thirsty
adj.口渴的
6
at the top of
在...的顶端
①在...的底端
at the bottom of
7
waste
v./ n. 浪费
①在...上浪费钱
waste money on sb. / sth.
②浪费时间做某事
waste time (in) doing sth.
③a waste of time/ money/effort
浪费时间/金钱/精力
8
square
adj.平方的
9
kilometre
n.千米，公里
10
shape
n.外形；形状
11
human
n.人
12
wake
v.唤醒
wake-woke-woken
13
wake sb. up
叫醒某人
14
somebody
pron.某人；有人
15
about
adv.向四周；向各处
16
path
n.道路；小路
17
pull
v.拉，牵，扯
推：push
18
freshwater
adj.淡水的
saltwater咸水的
Key points
1、①☆so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此......以至于......”。
Eg：Football is so exciting that millions of people in the world play it or watch it.
②区别such...that...“如此...以至于...”
辨析so ， such
so adv. “如此”,修饰形容词 / 副词 , 如:so fast.
such adj. “如此”,修饰名词, 如:such a good boy.
so...that与such...that， 只要中间内容有出现名词就用such...that
注意：①如此以至于
so + adj. / adv. 原级 + that....
... so beautiful that.. .
such+ a / an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + that...
such+ adj. + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 +that...
such a beautiful boy that..
②so many/much √
没有such many/much ×
Eg :Table tennis is such an interesting game that people all over the world play it.
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.
2、①☆take up意为“占据（空间、地方），占用（时间）”等。
Eg : The job takes up all my time.
The table takes up too much room.
【拓展】take up sth.意为“开始从事（新工作）；开始担当（新责任）等”。
Eg：She took up her first teaching post in 2010.
②复习take短语：
take off脱掉；起飞
take away拿走
take place发生
take care of照顾
take care小心
take part in参加
take out 取出
take pride in为...自豪
3、☆point out意为“指出；指明”，表示给某人指示方向、要点或错误等，后接名词、代词或that从句。
Eg：I’ll point him out to you next time when we see him.
【拓展】point at表示指向离说话人较近的事物，意为“指着”，at着重于指的对象；point to意为“指向”表示指向离说话人远的事物，to着重于指的方向。
Eg：The teacher pointed at the blackboard and explained the problem to us.
Can you help me point out the mistakes in the article?
He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and told me that was his house.
4、☆go for a swim意为“去游泳”，这里的swim用作名词。前面的课文有go for a run,常见类似的结构还有:go for a walk, go for a drive, go for a ride 等。
Eg: Let’s go for a walk before going to bed.
5、☆allow用作动词，意为“允许；准许”，常用于以下结构：
(1)allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。
Eg：My mother doesn't allow me to stay out too late.
(2)be allowed to do sth.意为“被允许做某事"。
Eg：The young boy isn't allowed to go for a drive.
6、☆not…any more意为“不再 ”,表示次数不再继续，侧重程度和数量。
Eg：I won't drink wine any more before driving.
The rabbit came into the forest and didn't come back any more.
【拓展】not...any longer也可意为“不再”,表示时间不再继续，侧重时间。
Eg：We couldn't wait for him any longer.
7、☆promise to do sth.意为“承诺、答应做某事”，其中的promise用作动词，意为"承诺，答应”。 promise后可跟that引导的宾语从句。
Eg：My father promised to buy me a new bike.
She promised that she would buy a toy car for her son after coming back from abroad.
【拓展】promise也可以用作名词，意为“承诺；诺言”。
常用短语：make a promise允诺 keep a promise遵守承诺
break a promise违背诺言
8、☆move about意为“走来走去；动来动去；四处走动”，相当于move around。
Eg：You will be warm enough if you move about.
I can hear somebody moving about upstairs.
【拓展】（l）move in “进来”。
(2) move out 出去；迁走”。
⑶ move away "搬走”。
9、☆It’s a pity + that从句。意为“.....是个遗憾”。
Eg :It’s a pity that he didn't accept the job.
常见句型：What a pity! 真遗憾！
10、①☆wish用作动词，意为“希望；期望”，常用来表示祝愿或愿望，其后可接宾语从句，若表示不可能实现的愿望或与事实相反的事情时，从句常用虚拟语气。
I wish I could fly.（人是不可能会飞的，与现在事实相反，一般过去时表虚拟）
I wish I were a bird flying freely.
②辨析wish和hope：
wish
wish表示难以实现的愿望，后接that从句，从句用虚拟语气；
wish后能接不定式作宾语；即：wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事” ,
wish后也可接双宾语，表示祝愿。
hope
hope表示可以实现的愿望，后接that从句，从句用直陈语气；
hope后能接不定式作宾语,构成hope to do sth.
宾语从句（三要素：引导词，语序，时态）
一、什么是宾语从句
I believe you.（ 单词做宾语 ）
I believe your words.（ 短语作宾语 ）
I believe that you are right.（ 句子做宾语 ）
概念：
从句做主句的宾语，叫宾语从句。
二、宾语从句的连接词——that
I hear (that) you passed the exam.
He said (that) his father was a singer.
The teacher told us (that) the sim rises in the east.
He says (that) he wants to speak to the headmaster.
We were happy (that) we all passed the exam.
I am curious at what he will say.
总结：作动词宾语；形容词宾语；介词宾语；
1、主句的谓语动词是表示观点、看法、要求等意义的动词say, think, tell, know,
hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget 等时；
2、主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid, glad, sure, sorry等作表语的系表结构时；
3、that引导的宾语从句，that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分。
三、宾语从句否定前移
I think chickens cannot swim. （ × ）
I don’t think chickens can swim.（ √ ）
注意：主句是I / We think / suppose / guess / believe ...时，从句的否定习惯上要转移到主句，这叫做否定前移。
四、Whether / if 及特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
（1）宾语从句的连接词——whether/if（意思“是否”）不充当成分，不可省略。
Eg：I asked him whether / if he likes me.
I wonder whether / if he is right.
Could you tell me whether / if that film is interesting?
if/whether引导宾语从句时，表达“是否”的含义，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。 常用在wonder , ask , can / could you tell me...?等后。
if和whether 一般情况下可以互换，但以下情况只能用whether:
e.g. I wonder whether it is true or not.
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
I don't know whether to accept his invitation.
① whether 与 or not 连用，而 if 不行。
② 在介词后用 whether 而不用 if.
③ 动词不定式前用 whether 而不用 if.
注意：if引导条件状语从句时，是“如果”的含义。
五、宾语从句的连接词 wh-words （特殊疑问词）：
连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose （在从句中充当主语 / 宾语）
连接副词when, where, why, how （在从句中充当状语）
Eg：I want to know who the man is.
I am curious about what he will say.
He asked who would answer the question.
I don't know how I should deal with the gift.
这些特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，在从句中担任句子成分，且有一定的意义，不可省略。
六、宾语从句要用陈述语序，即：
宾语从句语序：
主语+谓语+其他成分；
Eg：His brother asks when will he go to the library .（ × ）
His brother asks when he will go to the library . （ √ ）
☆（1）引导词在从句中作主语时,[引导词( 充当主语 )+谓语+其他]
…what’s wrong…
…what’s the matter…
… which is the way to…
…what’s happening…
… what(has)happened…
Eg：He didn’t know what happened last night.
I don't know what's wrong with him.
注意：由连接代词、副词引导的宾语从句可以转化，变成“疑问词+不定式”。
即：主句+特殊疑问词+从句部分 → 主句+特殊疑问词+to do…。
e.g. I don't know how I should deal with the gift.
= I don't know how to deal with the gift.
七、宾语从句时态
①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态根据实际需要用任何时态。
I know he lives here.
I know he lived here ten years ago.
I have heard that he will come tomorrow.
②如果主句是过去时，那么从句的时态用相应的过去时态。
I knew who lived here.
I saw she was talking with her mother.
He said that he had seen it .
He told me that he would give up smoking.
③当主句是一般过去时，从句是客观真理或客观事实时，从句用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.
He had told that the sun rises in the east.
口诀：主现从随便，主过从也过，真理永不变！
MODULE 9 Friendship
序号
英文
词性和释文
拓展
1
helpline
n.服务热线
2
separate
v.使分开；分隔
adj.分开的；单独的
3
explain
v.解释；说明
n. explanation
向某人解释某事
explain sth. to sb.
4
mention
v.提及；谈到
5
refuse
v.拒绝
拒绝做某事
refuse to do sth.
6
treat
v.对待；看待
n. treatment
7
herself
pron.她自己
8
whether
conj.是否
9
lonely
adj.孤独的；寂寞的
10
regret
v.后悔；遗憾
11
patient
adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的
①patient n.病人
patience n.耐心
②对某人有耐心
be patient with sb.
③耐心做某事
be patient to do sth.
12
introduce
v.介绍；引见
①n. introduction
②introduce sth. to sb.
③自我介绍introduce oneself
13
encourage
v.鼓励；激励
鼓励某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth.
courage n.勇气
14
join in
参加
15
no problem
没什么；没关系
16
silence
n.寂静；无声
break silence打破沉默
adj. silent adv. silently
保持沉默keep silent
17
in silence
安静地；沉默地
18
pass
v.经过；通过
pass by经过
把...传递给某人pass sth. to sb.
19
bright
adj.欢快的；明亮的
a bright future美好的未来
20
treasure
n.珍宝；珍贵之物
21
day by day
一天天地
22
trust
v.信任；信赖
n.信任；信赖
23
include
v.包括
24
circle
n.圈子
朋友圈circle of friends
25
stick
v.贴；粘贴
n. 棍子，枯枝
26
glue
n.胶水
27
suggestion
n.建议；提议
Key points
1、☆ get separated意为“分开，分离”。
We got separated when we went to different schools last term, but we stayed in touch.
【拓展】♦辨析separate, divide
separate
意为“分隔"指把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔幵来，被分隔的对象通常没有整体性。
They separated the patients from the other health.
【搭配】separate...from... 把...从...分开
divide
意为“划分"，指把整体分成若干部分， 被划分的对象具有一定的整体性。
The world is divided into seven continents and four oceans.
【搭配】divide... into...
【拓展】separate还可作形容词，意为“分开的，单独的”，无比较级和最高级形式，其副词形式 separately意为“单独地；分别地”。
Eg：We each have a separate bedroom but share a kitchen.
They arrived together, but left separately.
2、☆ mention作动词，意为“提及；提到；谈到
Your friends often mention you to me.
【拓展】mention的固定搭配：
（1）Don’t mention it. 别客气，不用谢！
（2）mention sth. to sb. 向某人提及某事
（3）not to mention 更不用说
3、☆explain作动词，意为“解释;说明”，可用作及物动词，后跟名词、代词、动词不定式或宾语从句。
常见用法：
（1）explain sth. to sb.意为“向某人解释某事”。
Please explain this sentence to me.
（2）explain to sb.意为“向某人解释”。
The teacher explained to us how to get there.
（3）“explain + that从句”意为“解释……”。
He explained that he was too busy.
4、☆whether...意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，作find out的宾语。find out意为“弄清（事实）,查明（真相）”。
Eg：We may never find out the truth about what happened.
Her parents found out that she had a boyfriend.
5、☆ regret意为“遗憾，后悔”。
regret doing sth. 后悔做某事（已做） regret to do sth. 遗憾去做某事（未做）
Eg : Don't waste your time, or you will regret it.
I regret that I am unable to accept your kind invitation.
She regretted not having studied the computer hard.
6、☆every time意为“每次；每当”，用来引导时间状语从句。
Eg：Every time I came home, I saw my father reading newspaper.
7、☆ worry about意为“担心”，后接名词或代词作宾语。同义词组be worried about.
Eg：They worried about the bad weather.
【拓展】worry还可以作名词，意为,忧虑、担心”,“令人忧虑的事”。
Eg：Do you have any worries about your future.
8、☆include作动词，意为“包括：包含；把...列为一部分”。固定搭配include sth in/on...,意为“把某物加入……”。
Eg：The western names include first names, middle names and last names.
【拓展】including用作介词，意为“包括；包含”，和其后的名词代词一起构成介宾短语，意为“包括…… 在内”，指整体中包含的部分内容，不一定列举出全部内容。
Eg：There are many different kinds of moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and nuts.
9、☆believe意为“相信，信任”,其后可接名词、代词或宾语从句。用法类似于think,当主句是I /We believe时，从句的否定要转移到主句上来。
Eg：I believe that he is an honest boy.
I don't believe what he said.
【拓展】辨析believe, believe in：
believe
表示相信某人的话或事物的真实性，后接名词、代词或从句。
I believe that you can work out this problem by yourself.
believe in
意为“信任，信仰”，对某人人格、行为 等方面的信任，或相信某人某物的存在及 其价值。
You can believe in him. He’ll never let you down.
10、☆ suggestion作可数名词，意为'建议;提议”。
固定短语:
make suggestions意为“提建议”；
at / on sb's suggestion意为“在某人的建议下”。
Eg：We made lots of suggestions on how to save water.
【拓展】区别suggestion和advice：
suggestion
advice
可数名词
建议做某事suggest doing sth.
不可数名词
建议某人做某事advise sb. to do sth.
MODULE 10 on the radio
序号
英文
词性和释文
拓展
1
director
n.导演；主管；经理
v. 指挥；命令direct
2
show
v.引领；带领
3
around
adj.到处；向各处
4
show sb. around
带某人参观
5
on air
（广播或电视）播出
6
avoid
v.避免；防止
避免做某事avoid doing sth.
7
background
n.背景
8
national
adj.国家的；国内的
国庆节National Day
9
international
adj.国际的
10
presenter
n.主持人
11
interview
n.采访；访谈
v.采访
采访某人
do an interview with sb.
12
seem
v.看来；似乎
It seems / seemed that...
好像；似乎
13
listener
n.听众；听者
14
in person
亲自；本人
15
part-time
兼职的
全职的full-time
16
article
n.文章；报道
17
studio
n.录制室；录音室
18
purpose
n.意图；目的
①为了...目的
for purpose of...
②故意地
on purpose
Key points
1、☆show sb. around意为“带领某人四处参观；陪同某人到处转转”，也可以说show sb. round或take sb. around.
Eg：Let me show you around the factory.
It's very nice of you to show my family around the town.
2、①☆mean用作动词，意为“意思是；意味着；打算”，常见搭配和句型有以下:
mean to do sth. “打算或企图做某事”
其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词。
I mean to go to the park this afternoon.
mean doing sth. “意味着做某事”
其主语通常是指事物的词。
Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.
mean sb. to do sth. “打算让某人做某事"
I mean you to work as our spokesman.
What did you mean by...? “你说/做 ...是什么意思？”
What do you mean by acting like this?
【拓展】meaning n.意思
Eg：What’s the meaning of that word ?
②on air是固定用法，意为“（广播或电视）正在播出；正在广播”，在句中常作表语。
Eg：The radio station is on air from 6:00 a.m.
I learned English on the radio when I was young.
3、☆avoid意为“避免；防止",可表示“避开躲避”某人或某物；也可表示“避免、防止”某事的发生；近义词是prevent。avoid后可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
避免做某事 avoid doing sth.
Eg：I think she is avoiding me.
You should avoid such mistakes.
Please try to avoid making the same mistake next time.
4、①“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式，and表示顺承关系。
Eg：Work hard, and you will succeed.
Follow the doctor's advice, and you will get better soon.
②join意为“加入，成为……的一员”,若其后跟sb.时常构成join sb. (for sth.)的结构。
Eg：Do you mind if I join you?
Will you join us for lunch?
5、☆look down意为“向下看；低头看”，常与介词at连用，表示“低头看着……”，其反义短语为 look up,意为“抬头看”
Eg：The boy made a mistake and looked down at his shoes without saying anything.
【拓展】
look down on / upon sb.为“瞧不起、轻视某人”。look up and down意为“上下打量” .
6、☆固定句型：It seems / seemed that...意为“好像；似乎”，that可以省略。此句型也可用“主语+ seems/seemed + 表语”替换。
Eg：It seemed that she had been to the West of China.
He seems that he understands the meaning of the word.
=He seems to understand the meaning of the word.
【拓展】seem作动词，意为“看来；似乎”，用来表示说话人按照自己的印象、看法做出的判断，虽然有一定的根据，但并不一定是事实。
Eg：He seems to know everything.
Your mother seems to be very happy.
7、 ①☆ask for意为“要求；请求”。
常用短语：ask for sb.意为“要见某人” ；ask sb. for sth.意为“向某人要某物” ；
ask for jobs意为“求职，寻找工作” ask sb. for help意为“向某人求助”。
Eg：You can ask for help if you don't know how to work out the problem.
②at the age of意为“在...岁时”，后跟基数词，一般和过去时态连用。
Eg：My grandmother got married at the age of seventeen.
8、☆as用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”，强调两个动作同时进行。
Eg：As time passed by, great changes have taken place in my hometown.
9、purpose用作名词，意为“意图；目的”，指某人做某事所要达到的某一特定目标。
常用短语：for the purpose of “为了...目的” ；on purpose "故意地”。
Eg：What’s the purpose of your visit?
He did it on purpose, knowing it would make her angry.
