专题13 阅读理解新闻报道及其它-2023年高考英语真题及模拟题英语分类汇编（含答案解析）

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专题13阅读理解新闻报道及其它-2023年高考真题及模拟题汇编

2023年高考真题
Passage 1更新中
2023年名校模拟题
Passage 1
（2023·广东·广州市第二中学校联考模拟预测）For Lydia Koniordou, a famous Greek actress and former Greek minister of culture and sports, cultural preservation is essential to help people know who they are and learn what they should do in the future.
“The taller you want to grow, the deeper your roots must be. Our cultural past is our roots. If we don’t have really strong roots and depth in our perception(认识) of our identity, we cannot grow. Without these roots, we will be torn out very easily with the currents,” she told the journalist in a recent interview, adding cultural heritage is in fact very much alive and relevant today.
Speaking of her teaching experience overseas, Koniordou said she was very much impressed by her Chinese students when she gave seminars on ancient Greek tragedy at the Shanghai Theatre Academy in 2014. When the students worked on Alcestis, an Athenian tragedy by ancient Greek playwright Euripides, they thoroughly researched the costumes they would wear, the set, and the lights, among others, she recalled. “I feel they evolved and were transformed by this experience as I was transformed. They did not just play a role, but created a whole world and that is why the production had so much interest also for the spectators, ”she said.
Koniordou participated in the production of Euripides Electra together with Greek director Kostas Tsianos. “Tsianos did something very important for Greek culture. He connected folk forms of art, folk dances, songs and poetry with our classical past. We presented this performance in many places around the world, and the feeling that it stirred in the audience was quite similar, even though they didn’t always understand the language,” she said.
The Chinese civilization is a huge tree with very deep roots, and Greece also has a rich ancient civilization, she said, adding she believes that the two countries could promote cooperation and exchanges in many fields, such as in preservation of antiques.
1．What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A．The importance of cultural preservation. B．Cultural heritage is easily damaged.
C．The taller growth wants the deeper roots. D．We are easily torn out with the currents.
2．What did Koniordou do in Shanghai?
A．She played a role and was loved by the spectators.
B．She researched the costumes, the set, and the lights.
C．She studied the art of Chinese performance as a student.
D．She promoted the students’ understanding of Greek culture.
3．Why did Koniordou cooperate with Kostas Tsianos?
A．To indicate her friendship with Tsianos.
B．To acknowledge Tsianosin’s contributions.
C．To popularize and promote traditional Greek culture.
D．To introduce the achievement of Tsianosin in presenting classics.
4．What will the text probably talk about in the following part?
A．Cultural preservation in China. B．The way to preserve cultural heritage.
C．The introduction of other Greek art productions. D．Cooperation between Chinese and Greek culture.
Passage 2
（2023·重庆·重庆一中校考模拟预测）Researchers have created a noninvasive (无创的) brain decoder that can translate stories heard by participants into a string of text, based on their MRI scans. The team says this technology could one day aid communication in people who are mentally conscious but physically unable to speak, such as stroke patients.
“Compared to what’s been done before using the same noninvasive method, which typically deals with single words or short sentences, this new technology is a real leap forward,” Alex Huth, a professor of neuroscience and computer science at the University of Texas at Austin, says in a statement. “We’re getting the model to decode continuous language for extended periods of time with complicated ideas.”
Huth and his colleagues collected hours of data from three participants listening to the podcasts “Modern Love” and “The Moth Radio Hour” while connected to a functional MRI (fMRI) scanner, which recorded the participants’ blood oxygen levels in parts of their brains. This data was used to train an A．I. model to match specific brain activity patterns with strings of words, the team reports in a new study published Monday in Nature Neuroscience. The decoder used GPT-1, an earlier version of the technology that powers ChatGPT.
When the participants listened to new stories, the tool couldn’t spit back the exact words, but it could convey the main idea. For example, a participant hearing “I don’t have my driver’s license yet” had their thoughts translated to: “She has not even started to learn to drive yet.” The researchers also had participants watch muted animated short films. Though the model was trained only on spoken words, it could still generate a language description of what was happening.
Reading minds raises a multitude of ethical questions about brain privacy, but the researchers say their tool doesn’t work without willing cooperation. “This is all about the user having a new way of communicating, a new tool that is totally in their control,” David Moses, a researcher of automatic speech recognition at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not involved in the study, said. “That is the goal, and we have to make sure that stays the goal.”
5．In what aspect has the new technology made progress?
A．The age of target users. B．The complexity of listening materials.
C．The income of research teams. D．The effectiveness of noninvasive methods.
6．Which of the following generates the translated text?
A．The researchers. B．A fMR/scanner. C．An A．I. decoder. D．ChatGPT.
7．What can be the disadvantage of the new technology?
A．A violation to personal privacy. B．A challenge to traditional culture.
C．A prejudice against the mentally disabled. D．A barrier against human communication.
8．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．A．I. Helps Stroke Patients to Speak With Computers
B．A New Technology Makes People Read Others’ Mind
C．ChatGPT Voices What You think Into a String of words
D．Researchers Use A．I. to Decode Words From Brain Scans
Passage 3
（2023·山东淄博·统考三模）When Zhi Yueying, then 19, went to the remote Niyang village in Yichun city, Jiangxi province, to work as a village teacher in 1980, villagers were doubtful if she was going to stay long.
Over the past four decades, Zhi has devoted herself to rural education. She is a recipient of Touching China awards that recognize the most inspiring role models in 2016. She was also awarded as a model poverty fighter by the government. Zhi has a profound understanding of the importance of education in the mountains. Over the years, she has taught the students and cared for them, since many of them were “left-behind” children whose parents migrated to other places to work. More than 1,000 students of hers have left the mountain area, and created a better life for themselves.
Located amid the mountains, the village was very poor and far from any town. Villagers had to hike in the mountains. “I arrived at the school in an early evening, and was shocked. I had known the conditions were poor, but the reality was worse.” Moreover, local people needed to go downhill to buy daily necessities, and transport them back in their hands or balanced across their shoulders. “I had never walked uphill on a mountain road before, so I walked much more slowly than others, sometimes I walked slowly behind too much and was scared to tears,” says Zhi. Sometimes she had to walk uphill by herself with a flashlight at night. The wild boars and rabbits sometimes frightened her and she enhanced her courage by singing loudly.
But she gradually got used to her life there. At the beginning, she found many local people valued their sons far more than their daughters, and would not like to let them attend school. Zhi went to their homes repeatedly and gradually persuaded them to send all their children to school. For those who could not afford the tuition, she spared her own money to help.
Zhi says seeing her students do well beyond the mountains is deeply rewarding. “My dream, the same as before, is to stay by the side of more children. I know poverty will forever say goodbye to the mountainous villages, to my students, and to myself,” says Zhi.
9．Why did Zhi choose to stay long in the mountains?
A．She was a village teacher.
B．She was a Touching China awards recipient.
C．She was shocked by the poor living conditions.
D．She was aware of the significance of rural education.
10．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The reasons for their poverty.
B．The ways of buying daily necessities.
C．The tough situations in the mountains.
D．The description of Zhi’s teaching experience.
11．What can we learn about Zhi Yueying?
A．She has a sense of achievement. B．She enjoys living in mountains.
C．She has changed the local life. D．She likes challenges in teaching.
12．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．A Life-changing Lesson B．A Contributor to Rural Education
C．The Teaching Experience in Mountains D．The Current Situation of Rural Education
Passage 4
（2023·广东·校联考三模）Diplomacy (外交) is an art. It requires not only strategy, but also other aspects, including intuition, persuasion, and even tricks, human skills that have long been unreachable to even the most powerful artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. Now, an AI algorithm (算法) from a high-tech company has shown it can beat many humans in a game of diplomacy, which required both strategic planning and negotiations with other players. The work, researchers said, could point the way toward virtual exercise coaches and conflict mediators (调解员) .
AI has already beaten humans in some games of strategy. It is also proving powerful at natural-language processing, in which it can generate humanlike text and carry on conversations. In the game of diplomacy, seven players vied for control of Europe. On each turn, players issued orders regarding the movement of army and naval units, following discussion with other players, whom they could attack or support.
There are two technical innovations noted by Jonathan Gratch, a computer scientist at the University of Southern California who studies negotiation agents. First, the Al agent’s com-munication is grounded in multistep planning. Second. the Al agent keeps its remarks and game play within the range of human common practice.
To test its skill, the researchers had the Al agent play 40 online games against humans. It placed in the top 10% of players who’d played at least two games. “In a game that involves language and negotiation, that agents can reach human equal level is very exciting,” said Yu, a computer scientist at Columbia University.
According to Brown, a computer scientist at the company who co-authored the paper, the work could lead to practical applications in fields that now require a human touch. One specific example is that virtual personal assistants might help consumers negotiate for better prices on plane tickets. Gratch and Yu both see opportunities for agents that persuade people to make healthy choices or open up during therapy.
13．Who is likely to benefit from the research work?
A．A famous cyber athlete. B．A professor of civil law.
C．A professional accountant. D．A virtual fitness instructor.
14．What does the underlined word “vied” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Accounted. B．Apologized. C．Searched. D．Competed.
15．Why does the author mention AI agent?
A．To understand the thought of AI. B．To illustrate the advantages of AI.
C．To describe the importance of AI. D．To introduce the strategy of AI.
16．What is the best title for the text?
A．Diplomacy, a Popular Game B．AI Learns the Art of Diplomacy
C．Al Will Become a Perfect Diplomat D．An Excellent Game Player
Passage 5
（2023·河南郑州·统考模拟预测）According to statistics, 358bee species live in the Netherlands, but more than half of them are part of the Dutch red list — a catalog listing endangered species. To support the insects, the city of Utrecht Council, together with advertising agency Clear Channel, has transformed 316 bus stops across the city into “bee bus stops”. They are like ordinary bus shelters, but small gardens have been added to the roofs. The gardens are filled with grass and wildflowers chosen to attract bees.
The city authorities put the project out to tender (投标). In the tender, they outlined the requirements and encouraged applicants to develop a nature-inclusive design that offers ecological benefits to the city. Finally, they signed an agreement with Clear Channel, who won the tender and setup 316 bus shelters. The project didn’t cost the city government anything. The operators are responsible for the upkeep of the stops citywide, using income from advertising.
The bus shelters have brought about great changes in the city. Green roofs catch fine dust, store rainwater and provide cooling in the heat. They also ensure biodiversity in the city. There are also 96 bus stops fitted out with LED lighting and bamboo benches. The base plate is also made from recycled concrete. The advantages of the bus stops have not gone unnoticed by the media. But what particularly has caught the media’s attention is that these eco-friendly shelters make people happy and enthusiastic, and encourage them to do something for nature.
This unique Dutch city even has a program for residents who can transform their own roofs into green roofs for bees. Residents interested in this can apply for government allowances. Click here for more information and details.
17．Why did the Utrecht Council add green roofs to its bus shelters?
A．To beautify the urban space. B．To promote public transport.
C．To offer comfort to travellers. D．To stop the bee population decline.
18．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How the costs were shared. B．How the project was operated.
C．What was in eluded in the tender. D．Why the agreement was reached.
19．What impresses the media most about the bus shelters?
A．The variety of the chosen plants.
B．Their role in reducing air pollution.
C．The use of energy-saving LED lights.
D．Their effect on people’s environmental awareness.
20．Who is the text mainly intended for?
A．Local tourists. B．News reporters.
C．Utrecht citizens. D．Project managers.
Passage 6
（2023·广东·统考二模）Could the next Ernest Hemingway or Jane Austen be a well-engineered AI software program? It’s a question becoming increasingly pressing as machine language-learning software continues to evolve.
Much of this is just nerves. Today’s AI creative writing programs are not yet at a stage of development where they pose a serious threat to Colleen Hoover or Charles Dickens. But while attention continues to focus on the possibility of a blanket takeover of human literature by AI, far less consideration has been given to the prospect of AI co-working with humans.
Earlier this month, American sci-fi writer Ken Liu, who had been awarded Hugo and Nebula to his name, joined 12 other professional authors for a writing workshop on Google’s Wordcraft. This AI tool, a language generating model, is not yet publicly available but is advertised as an AI-powered writing assistant that can, when given the right instruction from the writer, provide helpful descriptions, create lists of objects or emotional states, and even brainstorm ideas.
The writers at the workshop, however, emerged with mixed reports. “Wordcraft is too sensible. Wow!” Robin Sloan wrote. “But ‘sensible’ is another word for predictable, overused and boring. My intention here is to produce something unexpected.”
I’m unconvinced that writers awarded the Nobel Prize have much to fear from AI. Their work, and that of countless other novelists, short story writers, dramatists and poets, is too particular, too beautifully unique. Even if a model learned what they had done in the past, it would not be able to predict where their creativity might take them in the future. But for authors who write following a pattern, AI might step in, first as assistants before some day to authorship.
Production-line novels are nothing new. In the 1970s, Barbara Cartland, who wrote more than 723 books in her lifetime, many of which are romance bestsellers, would read her novels for her secretary to type up at the remarkable rate of roughly seven chapters a week. But already machine has replaced the secretary’s role. Perhaps creative writing software isn’t that far from replacing the Mrs. Cartlands of today.
21．Which aspect of AI calls for more attention?
A．Its damage to our nerves.
B．Its progress in literary studies.
C．Its cooperation with humans.
D．Its influence on human literature.
22．What can we learn about Wordcraft from the text?
A．It generates novels automatically.
B．It outperforms professional writers.
C．Its works receive praises from the public.
D．Its works bear similarity to existing ones.
23．What can writers do to avoid the threat from AI?
A．Increase writing speed.
B．Use diverse resources.
C．Produce creative works.
D．Follow the latest patterns.
24．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Will AI Replace Human Writers?
B．AI Warns Mrs. Cartlands of Today
C．Is Writing Running into a New Era?
D．Word craft Lies at the Center of Debate
Passage 7
（2023·北京西城·二模）Faced with an attempt by a new chatbot to imitate (模仿) his own songs, the musician Nick Cave delivered a strong response: it was “an absolutely horrible attempt”. He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only conclude that the true horror might be that “it will forever be in its babyhood”. While a robot might one day be able to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond “a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模仿)”, because robots-being composed of data-are unable to suffer, while songs arise out of suffering.
Fans of Cave and his band will agree that his music is inimitable, but that doesn’t mean they would necessarily be able to tell the difference. A few days before Cave’s remarks, experts were asked to distinguish between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and they were only unitedly right in one of the four picture comparisons.
These are party games, but they point to an unfolding challenge that must be managed as a matter of urgency because, like it or not, AI art is upon us. The arrival of the human-impersonating ChatGPT might have increased general awareness, but artists across a wide range of disciplines are already exploring its potential, with the dancer Wayne McGregor and London’s Young Vic Theatre among those who have created AI-based works.
A strongly-worded report from Communications and Digital Committee (CDC) issued a wake-up call to the government, urging it to raise its game in educating future generations of tech-savvy professionals, and tackling key regulatory challenges. These included reviewing reforms to intellectual property law, strengthening the rights of performers and artists, and taking action to support the creative sector in adapting to the disturbances caused by swift and stormy technological change.
While developing AI is important, it should not be pursued at all costs, the CDC stressed. It deplored the failure of the Department for Digital, Culture, and Media to offer a defence against proposed changes to intellectual property law that would give copyright exemption (版权豁免) to any work, anywhere in the world, involving AI text and data mining.
The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested, and practical. They will unfold over the short and long term. State-of-the-art creative industries have a key role to play in shaping and exploring the philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive and be successful. They need it now.
25．Why does the author mention the four picture comparisons in Paragraph 2?
A．To stress the similarities between AI art and human art.
B．To argue that human art will be replaced by AI art.
C．To prove AI is stretching the boundaries of art.
D．To imply AI art cannot be underestimated.
26．What does the underlined word “deplored” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Clearly analyzed. B．Bravely suffered.
C．Strongly criticized. D．Accurately perceived.
27．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Some artists see AI as a tool even though it is a threat.
B．Creative industries are responsible for causing the AI problem.
C．Tech professionals need more training to better understand AI art.
D．The quality of AI art dismisses concerns about intellectual property.
28．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．The Creative Thief: AI Makes Perfect Art
B．AI in Art: A Battle That Must Be Fought
C．Threat or Opportunity: The Impact of AI on Art
D．The Rise of AI Art: What It Means to Human Artists
Passage 8
（2023·四川成都·统考三模）What is the biggest bony fish in the world? That title belongs to sunfish, which can reach up to over two tons. A recently-discovered species of this fish is Mola tecta, which was discovered by Nyegaard, a PhD student in Australia, after a 4-year search.
As part of her PhD research, she analyzed 150 DNA samples from sunfish off the coast of Australia and found that, besides 3 existing species, there is another that didn’t fit with any known species. Actually, this mysterious creature was not out of thin air. It was first put on the radar (雷达) in Australian water about 10 years ago. The researchers at the time had found genetic evidence of a fourth species, but the creature had not yet been found.
She and a team of researchers began their searches. They established a network of people who could inform them whenever a sunfish was found. Finally, in one lucky instance they were made aware of four sunfish that had been washed up on the beach in New Zealand. They immediately flew to take samples. What they confirmed is that these sunfish were indeed members of the species they had been searching for.
“The new species managed to escape discovery for centuries by ‘hiding’. That is why we named it Mola tecta, meaning ‘hidden’ in Latin,” said Nyegaard.
The team then studied Mola tecta and found this new species has a slimmer and smoother body shape than common sunfish, but can still grow to be 2.5 meters long.
Sunfish aren’t rare, but it’s tricky to study them. They tend to live only in areas that most humans don’t go and they dive hundreds of meters just to feed. While they don’t need air like sea mammals, they often surface to sunbathe and invite sea birds to pick the parasites off their bodies. Now that researchers have confirmed the existence of the fourth sunfish, they can rest easy and excitedly learn even more about this fish.
29．What does the underlined phrase “out of thin air” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Unknown. B．Rare. C．Active. D．Unpredictable.
30．What can we know about the team’s searches?
A．They were as smooth as expected.
B．Their results were out of expectation.
C．They were mainly done through interviews.
D．They involved efforts from non-professionals.
31．What makes it difficult to study sunfish?
A．Their size and shape. B．Their eating habits.
C．Their desire for sunshine. D．Their habitat and movements.
32．What is this text mainly about?
A．The research of a sea animal. B．The discovery of a new species.
C．The characteristics of Mola tecta. D．The difficulty of studying sea animals.
Passage 9
（2023·湖南长沙·长沙市明德中学校考二模）If Egyptian comics artist and writer Deena Mohamed ever encountered a genie(精灵), she knows what she’d wish for. She’d wish for everyone she loved to live to age 120. And she’d wish for any book she ever wanted to read to appear right in front of her eyes.
“If I ever come across a genie, I have to be ready,” she says. “They have to be smart wishes.” Wishes are the theme of her first graphic fantasy novel, Shubeik Lubeik, published this week by Pantheon Books. The book follows Shokry, a grocer in Cairo, Egypt, as he tries to sell off three wishes he inherited from his father. He meets three Egyptians whose lives can be radically transformed by the power of a wish.
The book highlights the fantastical — there are dragons, talking donkeys and a ridiculous scene where someone wishes for a BMW and gets a toy car. But the story is also remarkably grounded in the realities of modern life in Egypt. It touches on the life of the poor, who must navigate complicated processes to get what they need. One character, a poor woman named Aziza, picks up trash, scrubs floors and works numerous jobs to buy a wish — only to find that before she can use it, she must register her wish with Egypt’s Ministry of Wishes. When she finally gets in front of a government worker, they assume she has stolen the wish and confiscate(没收)it. Mohamed writes, “What stands between you and your wish could be a government employee with paperwork on the fourth floor.”
Mohamed, 28, who was born and raised in Cairo, said, “It’s just the way I’ve experienced the world. So it’s the way I built my own world.” The book won the top prize at the Cairo Comix Festival, an annual comics convention for cartoonists in Egypt and the Middle East.
33．What do we know about Shubeik Lubeik?
A．Wishes are the theme of this comic book.
B．Mohamed is the main character of the book.
C．The book won the top prize awarded by Pantheon Books.
D．The book radically transformed the lives of three Egyptians.
34．What words can be used to describe the book?
A．Ridiculous and appealing. B．Fantastical and realistic.
C．Interesting and educational. D．Touching and complicated.
35．Why does the writer use the example of Aziza in her novel2
A．To imply the importance of wishes.
B．To show how hard-working the woman is.
C．To expose the corruption of the government.
D．To indicate how complicated the government’s work is.
36．What is the style of the passage?
A．A novel. B．A biography. C．A review. D．A guidance.
Passage 10
（2023·湖北·校联考模拟预测）Scientist Erika Nesvold once asked a company aiming to mine the moon how he planned to address risks that mining equipment might carry microbes (微生物) from Earth and pollute the moon. The response: “We’ll worry about that later.”
That’s an irresponsible mindset when it comes to preparing for people to live and work in space, Nesvold argues in her new book, Off-Earth. “... adopting a ‘worry about it later’ attitude...strikes me as a path to repeating the tragedies of that history through ignorance.” Nesvold writes.
Off-Earth is an extension of her 2017 podcast (播客), Making New Worlds, which asked ethical (伦理的) questions about space settlement. The book takes some of the same questions and expands on them.
Most chapters start with three short scenes, usually from different time periods. A chapter outlining debates over whether to settle space at all starts by asking the reader to imagine being in the 1600s and deciding to uproot your family and head to the New World. A chapter on how land usage and ownership rights might work in space imagines a person recently freed from slavery in the U. S. South in 1865 and worrying that the new president will take back the land they finally own. The third scene is usually set in the year 2100, on a space settlement.
Then Nesvold examines how various ethical scenarios (场景) related to the chapter’s theme might play out in space. She quotes experts in fields that don’t often come up in space science: ethics, philosophy, law. This approach is a departure from many books about the future of life on the final frontier, forcing readers to face hard realities and possible points of friction. To have the best chance of avoiding disaster, the time to consider those questions is now, not later, even though space settlement may be decades or centuries away, Nesvold argues.
Off-Earth should be required reading for anyone who dreams about living in space and can help make our earthbound civilizations better too.
37．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1?
A．To clarify a concept. B．To introduce a topic.
C．To make a prediction. D．To generate a discussion.
38．What set(s) Off-Earth apart from others?
A．Its writing style. B．Its text structure.
C．Its story elements. D．Its writing techniques.
39．What’s Nesvold’s attitude to space settlement?
A．Cautious. B．Unclear.
C．Intolerant. D．Disapproving.
40．What is the text?
A．A short story. B．A news report.
C．A book review. D．A research essay.