北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题

这是一份北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题，共24页。试卷主要包含了完形填空，选用适当的单词或短语补全句子，用单词的适当形式完成句子，阅读理解，阅读表达，申请信等内容，欢迎下载使用。

北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、完形填空
When I was in seventh grade, I volunteered at a local hospital during the summer.
I spent most of the time there with Mr. Gillespie, 1 to him and helping with anything that needed to be done. He 2 had any visitors, and nobody seemed to care about his condition. He became a close friend of mine, even though he 3 with only an occasional press on my hand. Mr. Gillespie was in a coma (昏迷).
Then I left for a week to vacation with my parents, and when I came back, Mr. Gillespie was gone. I didn’t have the nerve to ask the nurses where he was, for 4 they might tell me he had died.
Several years later, I noticed a 5 face at the gas station. He was alive! I went over to ask him if it was Mr. Gillespie who was in a coma five years ago. With an uncertain look on his face, he replied yes. When I explained who I was, tears 6 in his eyes, and he gave me the warmest hug I had ever received.
Mr. Gillespie began to tell me how, as he 7 there in a coma, he could sense my presence. He firmly believed that it was my 8 that had kept him alive. We both cried for a while, exchanged a hug, and went our separate ways.
Although I haven’t seen him since, he fills my heart with joy every day. I know that I made a 9 between his life and death. More importantly, he has also made an enormous influence in my life. I will never forget him. He 10 my help.
1．A．pointing B．waving C．listening D．talking
2．A．just B．never C．sometimes D．always
3．A．promised B．admitted C．responded D．operated
4．A．anger B．fear C．envy D．sorrow
5．A．familiar B．serious C．typical D．magic
6．A．went back B．fell over C．dried out D．welled up
7．A．lay B．grew C．waited D．tested
8．A．smile B．courage C．advice D．voice
9．A．connection B．suggestion C．difference D．decision
10．A．represents B．deserves C．guarantees D．strengthens


二、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组并用其正确形式填空。
Have an impact on             reliable         submit            reveal          be responsible for
Make up one’s mind          barrier          figure out       end up         competitive
11．You need a degree to be in today’s job market.
12．We need more information before we can take action.
13．The mountains acted as a natural to the spread of the disease.
14．The movie we wanted to see was sold out so we seeing a different one.
15．If you something, it is your duty to deal with it and make decisions relating to it.
16．Those interested in the position should their applications to the Student Union.
17．A survey of the British diet that a growing number of people are overweight.
18．We had a very productive meeting because I felt we a lot of problems.
19．Technological innovation the country’s economy quite considerably.
20．Summer vacation is coming, but I can’t where to take my vacation.


三、用单词的适当形式完成句子
21．She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit. （用适当的单词填空）
22．That network (establish) in 2022 and has already worked smoothly.(所给词的适当形式填空)
23．This is my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. (用适当的词填空)
24．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days. (所给词的适当形式填空）
25．The national park has a large collection of wildlife, （range） from butterflies to elephants. （用单词适当形式填空）
26．I (read) half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空）
27．Unless (invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
28．The headmaster has made clear that the meeting will not be put off. (用适当的词填空)
29．The experiment (conduct) in the lab when the power cut occurred. (所给词的适当形式填空)
30． (see) from the top of the hill, the city appears more splendid. (所给词的适当形式填空)

四、阅读理解
Public speaking can be stressful, but sufficient preparation can reduce the stress of speaking in front of people. Here are a few steps to help you make an effective presentation.
Prepare
Select and research your topic carefully. Wide reading will help you gather enough material and focus your research at the preparation stage.
Develop a rough outline of what you might include-this can come from any key points your lecture has told you to include.
Organize your research into your outline. Keep the time limit in mind, and make any cuts of unnecessary or irrelevant information.
Write a draft of your speech. It is especially useful if you are using vocabulary that you might be finding difficult to remember.
Summarise your written speech into brief notes. These will eventually become your numbered note cards.
Prepare any visual that you are going to use to support your presentation. Remember visual aids should be simple and effective in supporting whatever you are saying.
Practise
Know your stuff-confidence comes with knowledge of content, If you know what you are talking about, then you won’t feel nervous about what you are going to say.
Practice presenting your speech in front of a mirror, and if you have enough courage, ask your trusted friends to watch you. The more you practice, the more confident you will be.
Ask for constructive advice. Ask your friends for advice about your gestures, speed of delivery, and even the clarity of your message.
Present
Get to the presentation early and meet your audience as they walk in. This might be a good way to calm your nerves, as you know who are in the room.
Practice standing at the front to get your feel for the room and space before you begin. Also, make sure any technology that you are using in the presentation is working.
Relax-if you are fully prepared, you will make it!
31．What can be included in the outline of your speech?
A．The reason you choose the topic.
B．The key points required to talk about.
C．The words you find hard to remember.
D．The list of material you read on the topic.
32．How can you reduce nervousness in a presentation?
A．Know your speech content well.
B．Arrive at the presentation on time.
C．Take all the advice from your friends
D．Use no technology in case it goes wrong.
33．To make an effective speech, you need to__________.
A．write down every detail on the numbered note cards
B．present as much information as possible to convey your ideas
C．read extensively to collect sufficient material related to your topic
D．use vivid and complex visual aids to draw the attention of audience

My wife Hannah and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. After my diagnosis (诊断) with a brain cancer, I loved to have something green and alive around us. And then I got a lucky bamboo plant in a pot from my friend Mitch. I told Hannah I wanted to care for the plant myself.
As a physician, I was used to providing care. Since my diagnosis, I had to rely on help from other people, leaving me feeling aimless and upset. Watering the plant taught me I could still be a caregiver.
Over the next few months, I recovered from surgery and completed the first round of treatment. Both the bamboo and I were thriving (繁荣). Then, mysteriously, it began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept dropping to the floor, making me discouraged and uneasy.
“I can’t even care for simple plant!” I yelled. “I’m failing!”
Hannah reminded me that we’d seen houseplants die before. She asked me why I was getting so worked up about this particular one.
“If my lucky bamboo dies,” I cried out, “I might die too!”
Identifying with the plant had offered me comfort. Now that the plant was struggling, I felt increasingly fearful.
Suddenly, one day, I realized I had wrongly connected my care for the plant—something over which I had at least some control — with my own survival — something over which I had no control. When my cancer returned, it would not be because of any failure on my part — not because I ate sugar occasionally and certainly not because I failed to keep this plant alive.
As my anxiety lessened, I learned from online tips to care for my dying plant. I moved the bamboo to a larger pot, separating its roots to give it room to grow. When it was back in the sunny window, we both began to thrive again.
34．What made the author change his attitude toward keeping houseplants?
A．He recovered from surgery. B．He got a lucky bamboo plant.
C．He was diagnosed with a cancer. D．He learned how to water a plant.
35．What was the main cause for the author’s anxiety?
A．His struggle with cancer.
B．His decision to care for the plant.
C．His inability to look after himself.
D．His belief in linking his survival to the plant’s.
36．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Everything comes to those who wait.
B．Positive thinking is a cure of anxiety.
C．Trust yourself that you can do it and get it.
D．You carry the passport to your own success.

Growing up, Chelsea Wood dreamed of becoming a sea biologist and studying large, exciting animals like sharks. Instead, she later found herself looking through a microscope at the organs of a snail(蜗牛) and saw thousands of little white sausage-shaped parasites(寄生虫). Through the microscope, each parasite had two dark eyespots, which made them surprisingly attractive. “I couldn’t believe that I’d been looking at snails for as long as I had and missing all the cool stuff happening inside them,” says Wood, now a parasitologist at University of Washington.
Nearly half of all known animals on Earth are parasites. According to one study, a tenth of them may already be certain to extinction due to climate change, loss of their hosts, and intentional attempts of wiping them out. But now it seems that few people care.
By definition, parasites live in or on a host and take something from that host. But not all parasites cause harm, and only a small percentage affect their hosts. In fact, parasites play essential roles in ecosystems, keeping some populations in check while helping to feed others. Without parasites keeping them in check, populations of some animals would explode. Many parasites move into their next host by controlling the host they’re in, which drive that host into an animal’s mouth so that the animal can be fed.
Even human health wouldn’t entirely benefit from wiping out parasites. The human immune system(免疫系统) evolved with a group of parasites, and when we killed them off, our immune systems began attacking ourselves. Some people with Crohn’s disease have even purposely infected themselves with intestinal(肠道的) parasites live deserves our attention. If you get to understand them, you may find the bravery and attraction of parasites. They’ve evolved clever means of survival, from becoming a fish’s tongue to controlling the mind of cockroach(蟑螂).
However, scientists aren’t eager to save all the parasites. The guinea worm, for instance, gets a hard pass from even the most stubborn conservationists. It grows to adulthood inside a person’s leg, causing harm to one’s health. Ultimately, the goal of promoting parasite conservation isn’t to make everyone fall in love with them. Instead, it’s to call a relaxation in our war against all of them, because there’s still so much we don’t understand about their value to ecosystems and maybe even to people.
37．What does the author indicate by referring to Chelsea Wood’s story?
A．All parasitologists initially intended to study parasites.
B．Parasites are easily ignored compared with large animals.
C．Animals like sharks have more research value than parasites.
D．Scientists study parasites because of their attractive appearance.
38．The author uses the example underlined in paragraph 4 to __________.
A．introduce an approach B．draw a comparison
C．present an assumption D．illustrate an argument
39．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Parasites can smartly survive without their hosts.
B．Conservationists believe all parasites should be protected.
C．Some parasites are important for the balance of our ecosystem.
D．Parasites can change their hosts by directly moving onto other animals.
40．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Why are parasites Dying Out?
B．Why Should We Spare Parasites?
C．How Do Parasites Affect Ecosystems?
D．How Can We Create a World Without Parasites?

The artificial-intelligence chatbot ChatGPT has shaken educators since its November release. New York City public schools have banned it from their networks and school devices. There is, perhaps surprisingly, one subject area that doesn’t seem threatened, It turns out ChatGPT is quite bad at maths.
“I’m not hearing maths instructors express concern about ChatGPT,” said Paul von Hippel, a professor at the University of Texas who studies data science and statistics. “I’m not sure it’s useful for maths at all, which feels strange because maths was the first-use case for the artificial-intelligence devices.”
ChatGPT’s struggle with maths is inherent in this type of AI, known as a large language model. It scans a large amount of text from across the web and develops a model that might be extremely effective for writing grammatically correct responses to essay requirement, but not for solving a maths problem.
In an email, I asked Debarghya Das, a search-engine engineer, why ChatGPT gets some simple questions right but others completely wrong. “Maybe the right analogy (类比) is if you ask a room of people, who have no idea what maths is but have read many hieroglyphics (象形文字), ‘What comes after 2+2,’ they might say, ‘Usually, we see a 4,’ That’s what ChatGPT is doing.” But, he adds, “Maths isn’t just a series of hieroglyphics. It’s the process of calculating.”
It isn’t great for pretending you know it through a maths class because you only recognize the mistakes if you know the maths. Another reason that maths instructors are less anxious about this innovation is that they have been here before. The field was upended for the first time decades ago with the general availability of computers and calculators.
“Maths has had the biggest revolution based on machinery of any mainstream subject,” said Conrad Wolfram, the strategic director of Wolfram Research. “In the real world, since computers came along, have maths, science and engineering gotten conceptually simpler? No, completely the opposite. We’re asking harder and harder questions, going up a level.”
Eventually, AI will probably get to the point where its maths answers are not only confident but correct. A pure large language model might not be up for the job, but the technology will improve. In general, however, AI, like computers, will likely ultimately be most useful for those who already know a field well. They know the questions to ask, how to identify the shortcomings and what to do with the answer. A tool, in other words, is for those who know the most maths, not the least.
41．What does the underlined word “inherent” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Stable. B．Practical. C．Limited. D．Natural.
42．What can we know from Debarghya’s reply?
A．Calculating requires some knowledge of hieroglyphics.
B．ChatGPT is good at solving mathematical questions by analogy.
C．Reading hieroglyphics prevents ChatGPT solving maths questions.
D．ChatGPT’s response is based on language models instead of calculations.
43．What can be inferred from maths instructors’ calmness about ChatGPT?
A．ChatGPT is useful to identify maths mistakes.
B．Technical revolution made maths easier to understand.
C．New technology will end up pushing the boundaries of maths.
D．ChatGPT has been banned from networks and school devices.
44．As for AI, which would the author probably agree with?
A．It will play the largest role for professionals in a field.
B．It will become confident to solve all the maths problems.
C．It will turn the maths field over again just like computers.
D．It will take the jobs from humans as the technology improves.

Children love playing outdoors, They usually get muddy, with no regard for the colour of their clothing. “Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents watched their children ruin their best clothes. They were happy running through farmer’s fields or climbing trees. 45 .
According to the experts, parents don’t have to concern too much about it. Recent research shows that the dirt outside can develop resistance to a range of illnesses. Certain natural materials, such as mud, contain surprisingly powerful microorganisms(微生物群) whose positive impact on children’s health we are only beginning to fully understand 46 .
Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are established as well. Our brains evolved in beautiful landscapes, and the way we perceive the world is particularly suited to wild outdoor spaces 47 It helps refresh the brain and even reduce depression and anxiety, One study found that children with ADHD(注意力缺陷多动症)were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park. Beijing close to grass and trees seemed to have a beneficial effect on their minds.
48 It helps children develop the way their senses and movement interact, which helps them gradually understand the external environment and the internal connections of things in different ways. If children play with others, they can learn how to communicate with others and develop effective strategies to promote socialization.
Today, with the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is rarer than in the past. More and more parents begin to recognize the importance of outdoor play. 49 They believe that not only does it make children emotionally happy but it also has a powerful effect on their wellbeing.
A．For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy.
B．Outdoor play cab also offer valuable learning experiences.
C．This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation.
D．They may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt.
E．They recommend using nature as an accessible way of interacting with others.
F．It was obvious that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over.
G．Outdoor play does better to children’s physical growth, compared with getting muddy.


五、阅读表达
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” We all know that healthy habits can help us build a strong body, but how can we live a happy life? Over the past two decades, scientists have identified many techniques to raise our happiness, but these methods cannot work magic. “Things like poverty or injury are obviously going to affect your well-being,” says Laurie Santos, at Yale University. “But for many of us, our happiness is much more under our control than we think.” Her free course, The Science of Well-being, explores evidence-based ways to increase happiness.
For a taste of what the course involves, consider our tendency to compare ourselves negatively with the people around us. By recognizing when those thoughts have started to arise, you can consciously shift the reference point to something more neutral(中立的).With this kind of thinking, you may start to feel more content.
The use of gratitude journals, where you regularly count your blessing, work on a similar basis. We have a tendency for “hedonic adaptation”, essentially getting used to the good things in our life over time, and taking them for granted, so they no longer bring us the same interest—we should delay that process.
Other tips like small acts of kindness may surprise you with rewarding experience. However, those approaches to happier life should be used carefully. There is now some evidence that pursuit of happiness can have the opposite effect if it becomes time-consuming. Keeping a gratitude journal appears to be effective if it is used once a week. It seems that the technique may become a burden if it is practiced too regularly.
There seems little doubt that we can learn to be happier, but we should recognize that the path to a better life is with ups and downs. You cannot remove every negative feeling, but with some science-backed strategies, you can shift the balance so as to experience more positive feeling than negative ones.
50．How can we deal with the tendency to compare ourselves negatively with those around us?

51．What does “hedonic adaptation” mean?

52．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
As approaches to happier life small acts of kindness can effectively improve our well-being, we should use them as much as possible.

53．In addition to the methods mentioned in the passage, what other method(s) can you take to increase happiness? (In about 40 words)



六、申请信
54．假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华。你校国际部将举办“英文戏剧节”活动，现招募英语主持人。请你给活动负责人写一封英文申请信，内容包括：
1.表达对活动的看法；
2.说明申请的理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua

参考答案：

1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。我在医院当志愿者时给了吉莱斯皮先生无私的关怀，当再次见面时，两人喜极而泣并得知双方都对彼此的人生产生了很大的影响。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在那里的大部分时间都和吉莱斯皮先生在一起，和他交谈，帮助他做任何需要做的事情。A. pointing指向；B. waving挥动；C. listening听；D. talking交谈。根据下文“He became a close friend of mine”以及“Mr. Gillespie was in a coma (昏迷).”可知，吉莱斯皮先生处于昏迷状态，而我把他当成亲密朋友，所以我会在他昏迷时跟他说话。故选D。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他从来没有访客，似乎也没有人关心他的病情。A. just仅仅；B. never从不；C. sometimes有时；D. always总是。根据本句“nobody seemed to care about his condition”可知，没人关心他的病情，所以他没有访客。故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他成了我的亲密朋友，尽管他只是偶尔按一下我的手回应。A. promised承诺；B. admitted承认；C. responded回应；D. operated操作。根据常识以及下文“Mr. Gillespie was in a coma (昏迷).”可知，他处于昏迷状态，对于我的说话，他只能时按一下我的手回应。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不敢问护士他在哪里，怕她们会告诉我他已经死了。A. anger愤怒；B. fear担心；C. envy妒忌；D. sorrow悲伤。根据本句“I didn’t have the nerve to ask the nurses where he was”可知，我不敢问护士他在哪里是担心听到他已经死了的坏消息。故选B。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几年后，我在加油站看到了一张熟悉的面孔。A. familiar熟悉的；B. serious严肃的；C. typical典型的；D. magic魔术的。根据下文“I went over to ask him if it was Mr. Gillespie who was in a coma five years ago.”可知，我询问他是不是五年前昏迷的吉莱斯皮先生。所以可推知，我看到了熟悉的面孔。故选A。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我向他解释我是谁时，他热泪盈眶，给了我一个我有生以来最温暖的拥抱。A. went back回去；B. fell over跌倒；C. dried out变干；D. welled up涌出。根据空前主语“tears”以及本句“he gave me the warmest hug”可知， 他知道我是谁后，应是热泪盈眶，给我拥抱。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：吉莱斯皮先生开始告诉我，当他躺在那里昏迷时，他是如何感觉到我的存在的。A. lay躺着；B. grew成长；C. waited等待；D. tested测验。根据常识以及空后“in a coma”可知，昏迷状态只能是躺着。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他坚信是我的声音让他活了下来。A. smile微笑；B. courage勇气；C. advice建议；D. voice声音。根据前文“ spent most of the time there with Mr. Gillespie, 1 to him”可知，我和他交谈，所以当他昏迷时，是我的声音让他活了下来。故选D。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道是我对他的生死起了作用。A. connection联系；B. suggestion建议；C. difference不同；D. decision决定。根据前文“He firmly believed that it was my 8　 that had kept him alive.”可知，他坚信是我的声音让他活了下来，所以我知道我在他生和死这件事上起了作用。make a difference为固定搭配“起作用，有影响”。故选C。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他值得我的帮助。A. represents代表；B. deserves值得；C. guarantees保证；D. strengthens加强；根据前文“he has also made an enormous influence in my life”可知，他也对我的人生产生了影响，让我觉得我的帮助是值得的。故选B。

11．competitive 12．reliable 13．barrier 14．ended up 15．are responsible 16．submit 17．revealed 18．had figured out 19．has an impact on 20．make up my mind

【解析】11．考查形容词。句意：你需要一个学位才能在当今的就业市场上具有竞争力。系动词后跟形容词作表语，competitive意为“有竞争力的”，学位有利于就业，符合基本认知，故填入competitive。
12．考查形容词。句意：我们需要更可靠的信息才能采取行动。此处应使用形容词来修饰名词information，reliable意为“可靠的”，表示可靠的信息有助于行动，故填入reliable。
13．考查名词。句意：山脉是阻止疾病传播的天然屏障。此处的形容词应修饰名词作介词as的宾语，barrier“屏障、障碍”，此处指的是阻碍疾病的传播的天然屏障，故填入barrier。
14．考查动词的时态。句意：我们想看的电影已经卖光了，所以我们最后看了另一部。根据so可知，本句表示结果，end up doing“最终做了某事”，主句时态为一般过去，从句也应使用一般过去时，故填入ended up。
15．考查系表结构。句意：如果你对某事负有责任，你有责任处理它并做出与之相关的决定。根据duty“责任、义务”关键词可知，此处指的是负责某事，be responsible for“为……负责”；在if条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主语为you，故填入are responsible for。
16．考查动词。句意：对该职位感兴趣的学生应向学生会提交申请。情态动词后跟动词原形，submit an application意为“提交申请”，与语义相符，故填入submit。
17．考查动词时态。句意：一项针对英国饮食的调查显示，越来越多的人超重。本句指的是一份调查揭露的信息，reveal意为“揭露”，时间为过去，应使用一般过去时，故填入revealed。
18．考查动词时态。句意：我们开了一次非常有成效的会议，因为我觉得我们解决了很多问题。此处指的是会议上解决了问题，figure out意为“查明。解决”；又根据动词felt可知，时间为过去，解决问题在此之前，应使用过去完成式，故填入had figured out。
19．考查动词时态。句意：技术革新对该国经济产生了相当大的影响。此处指的是技术革新对经济的影响，has an impact on意为“对……产生影响”，谈论的是当前的事实，时间为一般现在，主语innovation意为“创新”时为不可数名词，故填入has an impact on。
20．考查动词短语。句意：暑假快到了，但我拿不定主意去哪里度假。根据where可知，此处指的是度假地点还没决定，make up one’s mind意为“决心、决定”，主语为I，且情态动词后跟动词原形，故填入make up my mind。
21．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她和她的家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词代替它在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
22．was established
【详解】考查时态及被动语态。句意：该网络成立于2022年，目前运行顺利。根据时间状语in 2022可知，陈述过去所发生的事情要使用一般过去时，且主语That network“网络”为第三人称单数，与谓语动词establish“建立”之间为被动关系，要使用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was，故填was established。
23．what
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：这就是我父亲教给我的——总是面对困难，抱着最好的希望。在表语从句中缺少taught的宾语，根据“to always face difficulties and hope for the best”可知，此处是指道理，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
24．had been trapped
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。分析句子可知， two tourists为先行词，作定语从句的主语，且与谓语为被动关系。trap所表示的动作发生在risked his life之前，所以本句为过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been trapped。
25．ranging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有很多野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象。句中已有谓语动词“has”，所以range要以非谓语动词形式出现。非谓语动词“range”和其逻辑主语“the national park”之间又为主动关系。故填ranging。
26．have read
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这本英文小说我读了一半了，我将要努力在周末把它读完。由句意可知，到目前小说读到一半已经完成了，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，因此使用现在完成时，注意主谓一致。故填have read。
27．invited
【详解】考查分词做状语。句意：如果没有被邀请发言，在会议上你应该保持沉默。本句主语you与动词invite构成被动关系，要用过去分词短语做状语，所以要填invited。
28．it
【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：校长已经明确表示会议不会推迟。分析句子可知，that从句是真正的宾语，为宾语从句，此处应用it作形式宾语，故填it。
29．was being conducted
【详解】时态及被动语态。句意：实验正在实验室中进行，突然停电了。was/were doing...when...“正在做某事突然……”，主语the experiment“实验”为第三人称单数，且与conduct“实施，进行”之间为被动关系，要使用过去进行时的被动语态，故填was being conducted。
30．Seen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从山顶上看，这座城市显得更加辉煌。句中有谓语appears，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词see和其逻辑主语the city是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Seen。
31．B 32．A 33．C

【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了几个可以帮助你做一个有效演讲的步骤。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Develop a rough outline of what you might include-this can come from any key points your lecture has told you to include.(对你可能包括的内容做一个粗略的概述——这可以是你的演讲告诉你要包括的任何关键点。)”可知，演讲大纲中可以包括需要谈论的要点。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据Practise部分下的第一段“Know your stuff-confidence comes with knowledge of content. If you know what you are talking about, then you won’t feel nervous about what you are going to say.(了解你的东西——自信伴随着对内容的了解。如果你知道你在说什么，那么你就不会对你将要说的感到紧张。)”可知，熟悉演讲内容可以减少演讲中的紧张情绪，故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wide reading will help you gather enough material and focus your research at the preparation stage.(广泛的阅读将帮助你收集足够的材料，并在准备阶段集中你的研究。)”可知，为了做一个有效的演讲，你需要广泛地阅读来收集与你的主题相关的足够的材料，故选C。
34．C 35．D 36．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者患癌之后养了一盆竹子，护理这盆竹子让作者慢慢找到了自己的意义，但由于作者将竹子与自己的生存联系在一起，竹子的不良反应让作者非常气馁不安，后来作者意识到了这一点，坦然接受了自己患癌这件无法控制的事情，也把这棵濒死的植物救了回来。
34．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My wife Hannah and I usually don’t keep houseplants.(我和妻子Hannah通常不养室内植物。)”，“After my diagnosis (诊断) with a brain cancer, I loved to have something green and alive around us.(在我被诊断出患有脑癌后，我喜欢在我们周围有一些绿色和有生命的东西。)”可知，作者被确诊患有脑癌后，他开始喜欢养室内植物了。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据第六段“‘If my lucky bamboo dies,’ I cried out, ‘I might die too!’(‘如果我的幸运竹子死了，’我喊道，‘我可能也会死！’)”，第七段“Identifying with the plant had offered me comfort. Now that the plant was struggling, I felt increasingly fearful.(认同这株植物给了我安慰。现在这株植物正在挣扎，我感到越来越害怕。)”和第八段中的“Suddenly, one day, I realized I had wrongly connected my care for the plant — something over which I had at least some control — with my own survival — something over which I had no control.(突然，有一天，我意识到我错误地将我对植物的照顾——我至少可以控制的事情——与我自己的生存——我无法控制的事情联系在一起。)”可知，作者感觉竹子死了的话自己也会死，所以看到这棵竹子在垂死挣扎，自己也非常害怕，后来他才意识到自己将照顾竹子和自己的生存联系在一起，前者是可以控制的事情，而后者是不可控制的事情。由此可推测出，作者内心焦虑是因为他将自己的生存与竹子的命运联系在一起。故选D。
36．推理判断题。根据第八段中的“Suddenly, one day, I realized I had wrongly connected my care for the plant — something over which I had at least some control — with my own survival — something over which I had no control.(突然，有一天，我意识到我错误地将我对植物的照顾——我至少可以控制的事情——与我自己的生存——我无法控制的事情联系在一起。)”并结合全文内容可知，作者患癌之后养了一盆竹子，对它悉心照料，不知不觉中将竹子与自己的存活联系在了一起，竹子的不良反应让作者非常焦虑，后来作者意识到了这一点，明白了自己癌症复发并不是自己的问题，也不是竹子造成的影响。再根据最后一段中的“As my anxiety lessened, I learned from online tips to care for my dying plant.(随着我的焦虑减轻，我从网上学到了照顾濒临死亡的植物的技巧。)”可知，作者明白了这些道理后焦虑减轻了。由此可推测出，作者在思想上由消极到积极的转变让作者减轻了焦虑，积极的思想是治疗焦虑的良药。故选B。
37．B 38．D 39．C 40．B

【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了并非所有的寄生虫都会造成危害，事实上寄生虫在生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用，所以我们不应该消灭所有寄生虫。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Growing up, Chelsea Wood dreamed of becoming a sea biologist and studying large, exciting animals like sharks. Instead, she later found herself looking through a microscope at the organs of a snail(蜗牛) and saw thousands of little white sausage-shaped parasites(寄生虫). Through the microscope, each parasite had two dark eyespots, which made them surprisingly attractive.(从小到大，切尔西·伍德一直梦想成为一名海洋生物学家，研究像鲨鱼这样令人兴奋的大型动物。后来，她发现自己通过显微镜观察蜗牛的器官，看到了成千上万的白色香肠形状的小寄生虫。通过显微镜观察，每种寄生虫都有两个黑色的眼斑，这使得它们惊人地吸引人)”可知，Chelsea Wood一直梦想成为一名海洋生物学家，研究像鲨鱼这样令人兴奋的大型动物，一次观察蜗牛器官时，她看到了成千上万的小寄生虫，自从开始研究寄生虫，由此可推知，作者引用切尔西·伍德的故事来表明与大型动物相比，寄生虫很容易被忽略。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Even human health wouldn’t entirely benefit from wiping out parasites. The human immune system(免疫系统) evolved with a group of parasites, and when we killed them off, our immune systems began attacking ourselves. Some people with Crohn’s disease have even purposely infected themselves with intestinal(肠道的) parasites live deserves our attention. (即使是人类的健康也不能完全从消灭寄生虫中获益。人类的免疫系统是由一群寄生虫进化而来的，当我们杀死它们时，我们的免疫系统开始攻击我们自己。一些患有克罗恩病的人甚至故意感染了肠道寄生虫，这值得我们关注)”可推知，作者在第四段使用患有克罗恩病的人甚至故意感染了肠道寄生虫这个例子来说明我们不能完全杀死寄生虫，否则会对身体有害这一观点，故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In fact, parasites play essential roles in ecosystems, keeping some populations in check while helping to feed others. Without parasites keeping them in check, populations of some animals would explode.(事实上，寄生虫在生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用，它们控制着一些种群，同时帮助喂养其他种群)”可推知，有些寄生虫对我们生态系统的平衡很重要。故选C。
40．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“But not all parasites cause harm, and only a small percentage affect their hosts. In fact, parasites play essential roles in ecosystems, keeping some populations in check while helping to feed others. Without parasites keeping them in check, populations of some animals would explode.(但并非所有的寄生虫都会造成危害，只有一小部分会影响寄主。事实上，寄生虫在生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用，它们控制着一些种群，同时帮助喂养其他种群。如果没有寄生虫来控制它们，一些动物的数量就会爆炸)”，第四段中“The human immune system(免疫系统) evolved with a group of parasites, and when we killed them off, our immune systems began attacking ourselves.(人类的免疫系统是由一群寄生虫进化而来的，当我们杀死它们时，我们的免疫系统开始攻击我们自己)”和最后一段中“Ultimately, the goal of promoting parasite conservation isn’t to make everyone fall in love with them. Instead, it’s to call a relaxation in our war against all of them, because there’s still so much we don’t understand about their value to ecosystems and maybe even to people.(最终，促进寄生虫保护的目标并不是让每个人都爱上它们。相反，这是在呼吁放松我们对所有这些生物的战争，因为我们仍然有太多不了解它们对生态系统，甚至对人类的价值)”可知，文章主要介绍了并非所有的寄生虫都会造成危害，事实上寄生虫在生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用，因此我们不应该消灭所有寄生虫。B项“我们为什么应该饶恕寄生虫？”适合做文章标题，故选B。
41．D 42．D 43．C 44．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。人工智能机器人ChatGPT震撼了教育界，但数学领域却没有受到威胁，并解释了原因。
41．词句猜测题。根据第三段首句“ChatGPT’s struggle with maths is inherent in this type of AI, known as a large language model. (这种作为大型语言模型而著名的人工智能，ChatGPT在数学上的挣扎是 。)”和“but not for solving a maths problem(但不能解决数学问题)”可知，ChatGPT是属于大型语言模型的人工智能，是语言类的，不能解决数学问题，所以它在数学上的挣扎是自然的，与生俱来的。故划线词应为“自然的，与生俱来的”词义。故选D。

42．推理判断题。根据第四段中““Maybe the right analogy (类比) is if you ask a room of people, who have no idea what maths is but have read many hieroglyphics (象形文字),  ‘What comes after 2+2,’ they might say, ‘Usually, we see a 4,’ That’s what ChatGPT is doing.” But, he adds, “Maths isn’t just a series of hieroglyphics. It’s the process of calculating.” (“也许正确的类比是，如果你问一屋子不知道数学是什么，但读过很多象形文字的人，‘2+2等于什么’，他们可能会说，‘通常我们看到的是4’，这就是ChatGPT正在做的事情。”但是，他补充道：“数学不仅仅是一系列象形文字。这是计算的过程。”)”可知，工程师Debarghya将ChatGPT的原理通过将其类比成不懂数学、懂象形文字的人来解数学题进行说明，可得出ChatGPT的回应是基于语言模式而不是计算过程。故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“Another reason that maths instructors are less anxious about this innovation is that they have been here before. The field was upended for the first time decades ago with the general availability of computers and calculators. (数学教师对这种创新不那么焦虑的另一个原因是，他们以前也遇到过这种情况。几十年前，随着计算机和计算器的普及，这个领域第一次被颠覆了。)”和第六段最后三句“ “In the real world, since computers came along, have maths, science and engineering gotten conceptually simpler? No, completely the opposite. We’re asking harder and harder questions, going up a level.” (“在现实世界中，自从计算机出现以来，数学、科学和工程在概念上变得更简单了吗?”不，完全相反。我们会问越来越难的问题，上了一个水平。”)”可知，数学老师对ChatGPT很镇静的原因是几十年前，随着计算机和计算器的普及，这个领域第一次被颠覆了，最终导致数学问题越来越难，数学边界也更上了一个水平，可得出新技术最终将推动数学的极限。故选C。
44．推理判断题。根据末段中“In general, however, AI, like computers, will likely ultimately be most useful for those who already know a field well. (然而，总的来说，像计算机一样，人工智能最终可能对那些已经非常了解一个领域的人最有用。)”可知，作者认为人工智能将在一个领域的专业人士中发挥最大的作用。故选A。
45．F 46．G 47．C 48．B 49．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了户外游戏的好处。
45．根据上文“They were happy running through farmer’s fields or climbing trees.(他们很高兴在农民的田地里跑步或爬树)”可知，孩子们淘气了一天后，衣服都会弄脏，F项“很明显，孩子们的白色衣服在一天结束之前就会变成棕色”符合题意，故选择F项。
46．根据上文“Recent research shows that the dirt outside can develop resistance to a range of illnesses. Certain natural materials, such as mud, contain surprisingly powerful microorganisms(微生物群) whose positive impact on children’s health we are only beginning to fully understand(最近的研究表明，外界的污垢可以对一系列疾病产生抵抗力。某些天然材料，如泥浆，含有惊人的强大微生物群，其对儿童健康的积极影响我们才刚刚开始完全理解)”可知，本段主要说的是户外游戏为孩子的健康带来的好处，G项“与泥土相比，户外玩耍对孩子的身体发育更好”符合题意，故选择G项。
47．根据上文“Our brains evolved in beautiful landscapes, and the way we perceive the world is particularly suited to wild outdoor spaces.(我们的大脑在美丽的风景中进化，我们感知世界的方式特别适合野外空间)”可知，这里说的是自然风景对于大脑带来的刺激， C项“这意味着自然风景提供了完美的刺激水平。”符合题意，故选择C项。
48．根据下文“It helps children develop the way their senses and movement interact, which helps them gradually understand the external environment and the internal connections of things in different ways. If children play with others, they can learn how to communicate with others and develop effective strategies to promote socialization.(它有助于儿童发展他们的感官和运动互动方式，帮助他们以不同的方式逐渐了解外部环境和事物的内部联系。如果孩子们与他人玩耍，他们可以学习如何与他人交流，并制定有效的策略来促进社会化)”可知本段主要说的是户外游戏带来的学习体验，下文的it指代的是“Outdoor play cab”，B项“户外游戏车也提供了宝贵的学习体验”符合题意，故选择B项。
49．根据上文“Today, with the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is rarer than in the past. More and more parents begin to recognize the importance of outdoor play.(如今，随着电子游戏和社交媒体的吸引，与大自然的接触比过去更加罕见。越来越多的家长开始认识到户外游戏的重要性)”可知与其让孩子接触电子产品，家长更希望自己的孩子能去接近自然，D项“他们可能私下里希望自己的孩子能有机会捡一些泥土”符合题意，故选择D项。
50．We can consciously shift the reference point to something more neutral by recognizing when those thoughts have started to arise. 51．It means a process that we essentially get used to the good things in our life over time, and taking them for granted, so they no longer bring us the same interest. 52．As approaches to happier life small acts of kindness can effectively improve our well-being, we should use them as much as possible. Because the approaches can have the opposite effect if they become time-consuming.
53．Taking exercise regularly; sleep early and don’t stay up; making friends with optimistic people; working hard.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些可以提升幸福感的循证方法，并指出通向更好生活的道路是有起有伏的，消极情绪不可避免，但可以用这些方法来改变这种平衡，体验更多的积极情绪。
50．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For a taste of what the course involves, consider our tendency to compare ourselves negatively with the people around us. By recognizing when those thoughts have started to arise, you can consciously shift the reference point to something more neutral(中立的).(为了体验这门课程所涉及的内容，考虑一下我们与周围人进行负面比较的倾向。通过识别这些想法何时开始出现，你可以有意识地将参比点转移到更中性的东西上。)”可知，当我们倾向与周围人进行消极比较时，我们可以通过识别这些想法出现的时间，从而有意识地将参比点转移到更中性的东西上。故答案为We can consciously shift the reference point to something more neutral by recognizing when those thoughts have started to arise.
51．短语猜测题。根据第三段中的“We have a tendency for ‘hedonic adaptation’, essentially getting used to the good things in our life over time, and taking them for granted, so they no longer bring us the same interest—we should delay that process.(我们有一种‘hedonic adaptation’的倾向，随着时间的推移，我们基本上习惯了生活中的美好事物，并认为它们是理所当然的，所以它们不再给我们带来同样的兴趣——我们应该推迟这个过程。)”可知，hedonic adaptation指的是随着时间的推移对美好事物逐渐习惯并把其当作理所当然而不再对其感兴趣的这种过程，故答案为It means a process that we essentially get used to the good things in our life over time, and taking them for granted, so they no longer bring us the same interest.
52．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, those approaches to happier life should be used carefully. There is now some evidence that pursuit of happiness can have the opposite effect if it becomes time-consuming.(然而，这些通往幸福生活的方法应该谨慎使用。现在有一些证据表明，如果追求幸福变得耗时，可能会产生相反的效果。)”可知，要谨慎使用这些通往幸福生活的方法，因为一旦这些方法变得耗时，可能会产生相反的效果，所以不能尽可能多地使用这些方法，故答案为As approaches to happier life small acts of kindness can effectively improve our well-being, we should use them as much as possible. Because the approaches can have the opposite effect if they become time-consuming.
53．推理判断题。本题要求想出一些其他的提升幸福感的方法，根据第一段中的“Things like poverty or injury are obviously going to affect your well-being(贫穷或受伤等事情显然会影响你的幸福)”和最后一段中的“You cannot remove every negative feeling, but with some science-backed strategies, you can shift the balance so as to experience more positive feeling than negative ones.(你不能消除每一种消极情绪，但有了一些科学支持的策略，你可以改变平衡，体验到比消极情绪更多的积极情绪。)”可知，经济和身体因素会影响幸福，但可以用科学方法来体验更多的积极情绪，由此可推测出，定期锻炼、早睡不熬夜、与乐观的人交朋友、努力工作可以带来幸福，因为这些方法可以保证人们有健康的身体、积极交流情感的对象和更好的物质条件，故答案为Taking exercise regularly; sleep early and don’t stay up; making friends with optimistic people; working hard.
54．Dear Sir/Madam,
    I’m Li Hua, a student from Class One, Grade Two. I’m writing to apply to be the host of the English drama festival.
  In my opinion, holding an English drama festival is an excellent idea. The English drama festival can not only enrich our extra-curricular activities, but also give us a chance to have a deeper understanding of foreign literature and performances.
There are logical reasons why I want to apply for the position of host. Firstly, as a student who loves English drama very much, I have read a lot of English plays, such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Merchant of Venice. Therefore, I am familiar with these scripts. Secondly, I have experience hosting English drama festivals, which makes me well equipped to deal with any situation on stage.
I would greatly appreciate it if you could consider my application.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封申请信，申请成为 “英文戏剧节”活动的英语主持人，表达对活动的看法并说明申请的理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
很棒的：excellent→wonderful/great/brilliant
提供/给与：give→offer
喜欢：love→be fond of
因此：therefore→as a result/ as a consequence
2.句式拓展
同义句改写
原句：In my opinion, holding an English drama festival is an excellent idea.
拓展句：In my opinion, it is an excellent idea to hold an English drama festival.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Secondly, I have experience hosting English drama festivals, which makes me well equipped to deal with any situation on stage.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I would greatly appreciate it if you could consider my application.（运用了if引导条件状语从句）