2023高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题二第一讲据设空位置定思考方向课件

这是一份2023高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题二第一讲据设空位置定思考方向课件，共43页。PPT课件主要包含了专题二 阅读七选五，续上表，抓规律·找依据，答案　G，答案　E，答案　C，答案　F，答案　D，设空在段尾，答案　A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
[研高考·辨考向]阅读七选五题型实质上就是句子复位题，解答此类题型最快捷实用的解题步骤是先定性，再定位。先定性，即先初读文章，根据空处的位置及文意初步判定空处的句子是主题句、结论句还是过渡句或细节句；再定位，即再精读文章，根据上下文语意关系和逻辑关系确定填哪一个选项。
第一讲　据设空位置定思考方向句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种设空方式，正是利用设空位置的暗示作用和设空处上下文的提示作用来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。本讲主要是从空格位置及所承担的语意关系层面来讲解做题技巧，使学生做题时灵活运用解题技巧，游刃有余地解答阅读七选五题型。1.设空在段首　若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词­ing形式短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句，选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括
段落主旨句某段开头处设空的常见考查内容之一是该段的主题句。学生需要认真研读该段内容，尤其是设空处后面的一两句，确定线索句，然后从备选项中查找这些线索词的同义词、近义词或关联词，一般正确选项与空后第一句在内容上是连贯且符合逻辑的，在意义上是紧密衔接的
[典例]　（2022·全国甲卷）Making Requests　39　.In Prtugal，this wuld be a serius mistake，because it shws the chef that yu dn't like their seasning skills.Similarly，in Italy，never ask fr extra cheese t add t yur fd.
A.The mre friends yu make in yur lifetimeB.The mre time yu spend in any given cuntryC.Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensilsD.Dn't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurantE.It's a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plateF.Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use themG.It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal
[解析]　根据空后内容“In Prtugal，this wuld be a serius mistake，because it shws the chef that yu dn't like their seasning skills.”和本段小标题Making Requests可知，空处应是提及一个用餐时的请求，再结合because后的原因“因为这是在向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技术”可知，G项“吃饭时要盐和胡椒粉看似是一个简单的请求”符合此处的语境。
承上启下的过渡句当非首段的第一句设空时，设空处也有可能是承上启下的过渡句。此类题目要求既熟悉上文的内容，又要结合本段内容，综合考虑选择能使上下段自然衔接的选项
[典例]　（2021·新高考卷Ⅰ）　　Parisians are different frm yu and me.They never lk lazy r untidy.As smene nted in this paper a cuple f weeks ag，they eat great fd and never gain fd is s delicius that yu dn't need much f it t make yu happy.French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard.Instead，they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.
　39　On ur first mrning in Paris，I went arund the crner t the fd market t pick up sme grceries.I bught a handful f perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet meln.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cst $18！In France，quality f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency（效率）.Yu can tell this by café life.French cafés are always all the custmers are turistsＷ.When d these peple wrk？The French take their 35­hur wrkweek seriusly—s seriusly that sme labr unins recently struck a deal with a grup f cmpanies limiting the number f hurs that independent cntractrs can be n call.
A.Nt all the custmers are quality f life in France is equally was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal 's nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we aim was t see if we culd live，in sme way，like real fd is s delicius that yu dn't need much f it t make yu happy.
[解析]　根据空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。分析空处上下文内容可知，该段主要讲述了法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。分析选项可知，E项符合该处语境，且该项中的that指代上文论述过的原因。
2.设空在段中　当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的衔接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7类：总分关系、解释关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系和例证关系。文章中可能出现标志性衔接词汇，例如first、secnd、then、next、later、sn、s、but、hwever、additinally、what's mre、that is、namely、in ther wrds、fr ne anther等
总分关系[典例]　（2021·新高考卷Ⅰ）The place wasn't entirely authentic，thugh.Unlike a nrmal Parisian apartment，the plumbing（水管）wrked.　37　Our building even had a tiny lift with a female vice that said，“Ouverture des prtes，”in perfect French.That is the nly French phrase I mastered，and it's a shame I dn't have much use fr all the custmers are quality f life in France is equally was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal 's nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F.Our aim was t see if we culd live，in sme way，like real fd is s delicius that yu dn't need much f it t make yu happy.
[解析]　本段首句总领全段，“The place wasn't entirely authentic，thugh”点明作者租住的房子并不真正地道，下文列举了公寓的特殊之处。根据空处上文讲到的“和通常的巴黎公寓不同，这里的水管可以使用”和空后一句讲到的“我们的公寓楼里甚至还有一部小电梯”可知，空处应与公寓或公寓楼有关。
解释关系[典例]　（2021·全国甲卷）·Put different types f clthing n different surfaces in the rm.　39　.Place a few mirrrs arund yur rm s peple can see hw things lk when they try them n.One f the grund rules f the swap shuld be that everyne must try n the clthes befre they take them—things always lk different when yu put them peple than thatB.Hld a clthing swapC.If tw peple are cmpeting
D.Just keep music playing thrughutE.Dnate whatever clthes are left verF.Have everyne put their clthes in the right sptsG.Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
[解析]　根据空前“Put different types f clthing n different surfaces in the rm.”可知，在房间的不同区域放不同类型的衣服，空处应是对上文如何在不同区域放不同类型衣服的解释，故F项（让每个人都把衣服放在合适的位置）符合上下文语境，构成对上文的解释和说明。
转折关系[典例]　（2021·浙江卷）Grcery stres try t have enugh emplyees at checkut t get all their custmers thrugh with minimum delay.　32　Any small interruptin—a price check，a chatty custmer—can have dwnstream effects，hlding up an entire des this always seem t happen t yuB.S why dn't mst places encurage serpentine lines？C.Sme f them may have std in a queue fr almst an chances f yur line being the fastest are nly ne in three.
E.Hw high is the prbability that yu are in the fastest waiting line？F.With three registers，this methd is much faster than the traditinal smetimes，as n a Sunday afternn，the system gets particularly busy.
[解析]　本题考查上下文衔接。空前提到食品杂货店希望将结账延误降到最低，空后提到任何小小的干扰都会拖慢整个队伍，两者形成转折，空处应明确转折关系。G项中的busy呼应文中的interruptin和hlding up an entire line，but提示转折关系。
因果关系[典例]　（2021·新高考卷Ⅰ）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.　36　S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth­flr apartment the size f a cupbard.It was s tiny that we had t leave ur suitcases in the hallway.The place wasn't entirely authentic，thugh.Unlike a nrmal Parisian apartment，the plumbing （水管） was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.Our building even had a tiny lift with a female vice that said，“Ouverture des prtes，”in perfect French.That is the nly French phrase I mastered，and it's a shame I dn't have much use fr it.
[解析]　本题考查上下文衔接。根据空后提示词S可知，空处与下文形成因果关系。空前提到“我和丈夫刚刚在巴黎待了一周”，空后提到“所以，我们做的第一件事情就是花大价钱租了一个橱柜大小、位于六层的公寓”，因此F项（我们的目的是看看在某种程度上我们是否能像真正的巴黎人一样生活）可构成下文租公寓的原因，符合本段语境。
递进关系[典例]　（2021·全国甲卷）· Set a starting time.Maybe yu say“g”，r turn n a certain sng，r whatever.　40　.And dn't frget t put ut sme ckies and fruits.Remember，it's a party！A.Less peple than thatB.Hld a clthing swapC.If tw peple are cmpetingD.Just keep music playing thrughutE.Dnate whatever clthes are left verF.Have everyne put their clthes in the right sptsG.Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
[解析]　本段空处上文“r turn n a certain sng”提示放一段音乐，D项中的music是上文certain sng的同义重复。下文又提示“Remember，it's a party！”，D项同时在句意上与上文形成递进关系，即除了开始播放音乐外，还应保持音乐始终贯穿派对。
并列关系[典例]　（2022·新高考卷Ⅰ）First f all，decide what yu want frm that persn.　37　 Or d yu just want t be physically fit，able t mve with strength and flexibility？Think abut the exercises yu wuld like t d with yur wrkut first meeting may be a little awkward.B.A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse 'll wrk harder if yu train with smene yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt？E.Hw can yu write a gd“seeking a training partner”ntice？F.Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin.
[解析]　根据下文“Or d yu just want t be physically fit，able t mve with strength and flexibility？”中的Or可知，空处也应是在提出问题，所以答案锁定在D项和E项之间；再结合上下文句意可知，空处应与“明确你找健身伙伴的目的”有关，故D项“你想在你最喜欢的体育运动方面成为一个更好的运动型的人吗”符合语境。
例证关系[典例]　（2021·新高考卷Ⅰ）Parisians are different frm yu and me.They never lk lazy r untidy.As smene nted in this paper a cuple f weeks ag，they eat great fd and never gain weight.　38　French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard.Instead，they explde in yur muth like little flavr all the custmers are quality f life in France is equally was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E.That's nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we aim was t see if we culd live，in sme way，like real fd is s delicius that yu dn't need much f it t make yu happy.
[解析]　根据上文“As smene nted in this paper a cuple f weeks ag，they eat great fd and never gain weight.”和下文的描述可知，空处承上启下，既要说明法国人吃得少的原因，又要和下文提到的美味的法国草莓有逻辑上的衔接。分析选项可知，G项与上句构成解释说明关系，与下句构成举例关系，故G项为正确答案。
段落过渡句当设空在非尾段段末时，也有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择
[典例]　（2021·浙江卷）　　Yu run int the grcery stre t pick up ne bttle f water.Yu get what yu need，head t the frnt，and chse the line that lks fastest.Yu chse wrng.Peple wh yu swear gt in ther lines lng after yu are already checked ut and ff t the parking lt.　31　It turns ut，it's just math wrking against yu；chances are，the ther line really is faster.
A.Why des this always seem t happen t yu？B.S why dn't mst places encurage serpentine lines？C.Sme f them may have std in a queue fr almst an chances f yur line being the fastest are nly ne in high is the prbability that yu are in the fastest waiting line？F.With three registers，this methd is much faster than the traditinal smetimes，as n a Sunday afternn，the system gets particularly busy.
[解析]　本题考查承上启下的过渡句。上文描述了“你”排队结账时，发现自己排的队伍总是比别的队伍慢这一现象，下文的“It turns ut”和“chances are，the ther line really is faster”点明了结论，所以空处应为对该现象提出的疑问。结合选项来看，只有A项的内容与结论的内容相匹配，起到了使上下文衔接的过渡作用。
补充信息句段末设空还有可能是对上文内容进行补充说明，这时要选择补充性的语句
[典例]　（2021·全国乙卷）38.What abut that persn wh has had t much t drink r wn‘t stp talking？If yu can’t take their wine away，yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx（讲台）.If yu‘re the hst，yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin.　39　 d yu knw the hstB.The first step is t g explringC.If yu ask the questin“Hw did yu get here？”D.Be prepared t have awkward cnversatins with strangers
E.Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t sayF.What abut that persn wh has had t much t drink r wn't stp talkingG.He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst
[解析]　本题考查对上文的补充说明。E项（或者把谈话转向一个他们几乎无话可说的话题）承接空前的“If yu're the hst，yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin”给出了另一种选择，属于信息补充，符合语境。
总结句当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果文中缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，应快速浏览七个备选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如s、therefre、as a result、in shrt、in a wrd、all in all等词或短语，快速缩小选项范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项
[典例]　（2020·全国卷Ⅰ）·Recgnize all f yur strengths.Write them dwn in a jurnal.Begin t train yur brain t lk at strength befre weakness.List all f yur accmplishments and achievements.Yu have a jb，earned yur degree，and yu gt ut f bed tday.　39　
A.Feeling upset again？B.Where d yu startC.Nthing is t small t ，yu are nly an intentin fr self­ cmparing yurself with des the cmparisn game start？
[解析]　本题考查段落总结句。根据本段首句可知，本段的主题是“认识到你所有的优点”，段中列举了一些小的成绩，如有了一份工作，拿到了学位等，段尾对这些成绩做了一下总结：没有什么事情因太小而不值得庆祝。
A（2022·石家庄高三质检试题）Fr years，research has linked skipping breakfast with the increased BMI（bdy mass index），but few studies have been carried ut int the effect f the ther tw meals f the day.Hwever，a study cnducted at Osaka University cncluded that nt eating dinner is a significant predictr f weight gain and besity.　1　.As part f their annual check­ups，the students were asked hw ften they ate breakfast，lunch，and dinner.Researchers als tk int cnsideratin the time f eating，whether participants' meal habits changed ver the curse f the study，and lifestyle factrs.
　2　，the researchers fund that thse wh did s all the time were mre likely t be lder，mre verweight，a smker r drinker，t sleep fr a shrter perid f time，and skip ther meals mre frequently.These results suggested that skipping dinner，which was much less ppular than skipping breakfast，culd result in weight gain and higher likelihd f being verweight than skipping breakfast.It was significantly assciated with weight gain f 10% r mre，and having a BMI ver 25，which is classed as verweight r bese.　3　The researchers suggested that the reasn why skipping dinner culd lead t weight gain is that it makes peple hungrier s they end up eating mre ver the curse f the day.　4　.That's because dinner is typically a meal that lends itself t nutritius fds like lean（低脂）prteins and vegetables.
The researchers nte that their study had drawbacks：　5　Additinally，they didn't take int accunt factrs like exercise r BMI has its limitatins after allB.Besides，skipping dinner may mean a lwer quality dietC.It shuld be repeated t assess a wider grup f pepleD.Skipping lunch was mre likely t bring abut the same utcmesE.It fllwed 20，000 subjects verall abve 18 ver an average f three yearsF.Althugh the number f students wh said they smetimes skipped dinner was smallG.Students skipping dinner has a strnger assciatin with weight gain and besity
【语篇解读】　多年来，研究都将不吃早餐与BMI（身体质量指数）的增加联系在一起，但很少有人研究一天中另外两餐的影响。然而，一项研究得出的结论是，不吃另外两餐是体重增加和肥胖的一个重要预测因素。1.解析：空后一句讲的是作为他们年度体检的一部分，这些学生被问及他们吃早餐、午餐和晚餐的频率。故可推知空处应该提及调查研究的对象是谁。故E项符合语境。
2.解析：空后一句讲的是研究人员发现，那些一直这样做的人更有可能变老、超重，更有可能是吸烟者或饮酒者，他们睡眠时间更短，而且更频繁地不吃饭。故可推知空处讲的应是尽管说自己有时不吃晚餐的学生人数很少，与空后内容形成转折。故F项符合语境。
3.解析：空处所在段讲到了不吃晚餐的人比不吃早餐的人少得多，不吃晚餐可能会导致体重增加，而且比不吃早餐的人更有可能超重。故可推知空处应该是讲不吃午餐的结果怎么样。故D项符合语境，D项中的“the same results”呼应上文。
4.解析：空后说那是因为晚餐一般适合吃像低脂蛋白和蔬菜这样的有营养的食物，故可推知不吃晚餐可能意味着低质量的饮食。所以B项符合语境，空后的That指代B项所述内容。
5.解析：空前讲述研究者指出他们的研究有缺点，结合选项可知，C项“调查研究应该被重复进行以评估更广泛的人群”符合语境。
BPeple may have sme unclear memries f their childhd，but almst everyne will remember the beautiful princess and the cruel queen in Snw White，the inncent little girl and the greedy big gray wlf in Little Red Riding Hd.　6　Fr example，“True lve can vercme anything”，and“Even a frg can turn int a prince”.Hwever，at a certain age，we start t learn new things abut life，particularly that lve desn't always win，and that a frg is just a frg.　7　Just lk at animated films like The Lin King and Frzen，which have millins f fans yung and ld.And this year's Lucerne Festival in Switzerland—a classical music festival—will als feature the themes f“Childhd” and “Fairy tales”.
“Fairy tales endure because they are the stries f ur lives in their mst stripped dwn frm，”wrte US authr Laura Packer.“They are stries f lve and lss，desire and death，riches and ruin.”　8　But if children nly see just ne side f reality，adults usually see the ther.Fr example，in the mvie Maleficent，we're tld the tale f Sleeping Beauty frm the perspective f the evil queen.　9　Instead，she suffers great lsses grwing up，leading t the creatin f her“evil”side.And in US authr James Finn Garner's bk Plitically Crrect Bedtime Stries，he tells the classic stry f Little Red Riding Hd，but with a mdern tuch.　10　They may usually start with“Once upn a time...”，but as we grw lder，we learn that every stry desn't always need a“happily ever after”t be a gd ne.
A.Fairy tales are all abut smehw，ur lve fr fairy tales never f us get ur earliest life lessns frm fairy theme f fairy tales is t teach peple curage and tales have been adapted int versins suitable fr lks like fairy tales aren't just stries ur parents read us at the children's versin f the stry，we see that the queen wasn't brn evil.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着年龄的增长，人们对童话故事的看法也会随之改变。
6.解析：根据空后的“Fr example，‘True lve can vercme anything’”可知，此处举例“真爱可以战胜一切”的说法。C项“我们大多数人都从童话故事中获得最早的人生经验”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选C。
7.解析：根据空后一句“Just lk at animated films like The Lin King and Frzen，which have millins f fans yung and ld.”可知，像《狮子王》和《冰雪奇缘》这样的动画电影，依然有数百万的不同年龄段的影迷。B项“但不知怎么，我们对童话故事的爱永不消逝”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选B。