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高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Grammar and usage课文ppt课件
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这是一份高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Grammar and usage课文ppt课件，共35页。PPT课件主要包含了Lead-in，extra，comma，cannot，which，which ，whom，B 2，B 3，Example等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Explring the rules
Cmpare the tw sentences.
1) In the ten prvinces and three territries which make up Canada, there is a great diversity in gegraphy.
2) T the east f the Pacific cast rise the grand Rcky Muntains, which are hme t high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.
a restrictive relative clause
a nn-restrictive relative clause
Read the article n page 6 and answer the fllwing questin.What are the advantages and disadvantages f turism?
A Explring the rules
Read and cmplete the table.
service industries t grw cnsistently
jbs t the lcal ppulatin
mre wealth t the surrunding cmmunity
culturally
insufficient respect
physically
Find the sentences with nn-restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the bx f part A n page 6.These industries, in turn, give jbs t the lcal ppulatin, whse welfare depends n turism.
These industries, in turn, give jbs t the lcal ppulatin, whse welfare depends n turism.The prices f turist essentials such as transprt, accmmdatin and fd usually increase t, which brings even mre wealth t the surrunding cmmunity.Mre nature-centred turist attractins, where man and nature live in harmny, can be greatly impacted r even destryed by the fld f turists. As resurces are used mre rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely t suffer, which culd endanger the lcal plants and animals.Lcal festivals and custms, which may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply becme entertainment fr turists.
Wrking ut the rules
Rule 1: We ften use a nn-restrictive relative clause t add _______ infrmatin t the antecedent (a nun, prnun r nun phrase) in the main clause r the main clause. A _________ is usually used t separate the adding clause and the main clause.
非限与主句用逗号隔开，补充说明先行词或主句
Rule 2: We usually intrduce a nn-restrictive relative clause with a relative prnun like wh, whm, which and whse r a relative adverb like when and where. The relative prnun and adverb ________ (can /cannt) be left ut in a nn-restrictive relative clause.
1) These trees，which I planted three years ag，were cut by gvernment.2) The trees I planted three years ag were cut by gvernment.
非限制性定语从句中不用that不用why, 关系词不可省略
Rule 3: We can use _________(which/wh/where) in a nn-restrictive relative clause t refer t the main clause as a whle.
The prices f turist essentials such as transprt, accmmdatin and fd usually increase t, which brings even mre wealth t the surrunding cmmunity.As resurces are used mre rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely t suffer, which culd endanger the lcal plants and animals.
非限制性定语从句中，可用which指代整个或部分主句
(1) Many yung peple, many f _______ were well-educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams. (2) I have been t many cities, all f _______ have left a deep impressin n me.
Rule 4: In a nn-restrictive relative clause, we can put “nne/sme/many/mst/all f” befre relative prnun “______” r “_______” t indicate a part f the whle.
非限中，whm/which 前可加nne/sme/many/mst/all f 等修饰词表示部分
Rule 5: We can use ______ in a nn-restrictive relative clause t refer t the main clause as a whle and the nn-restrictive relative clause can be placed befre, amng r after the main clause.
As is knwn t all, the Mn travels arund the Earth.2) He is late again, as is ften the case.3) The sales figure, as has been mentined abve, has been in a decline since last year.
as可修饰整个先行主句, 可置于句子任意位置, 常译为“正如，这”
限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别
Beijing, ______ is the capital f China, has a very lng histry.This is New Yrk, ______ I have visited fr several times.He seems nt t have grasped what I meant, ______ greatly upsets me.He was late again, ______ made the teacher very unhappy.
which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词可以是主句中的某个单词或短语，也可以是整个句子；which在从句中可作主语、宾语等，不可省略。
As is knwn t the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.As we all knw, the earth is rund. Taiwan is, as yu knw, an inseparable part f China.The bk is very interesting, as mst readers say.
as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是整个主句或主句的一部分。as引导的从句可以置于主句前、主句中或主句后。as是关系词中唯一可以置于句首的关系词。
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 常见搭配as is knwn t all /as we all knw 众所周知as is ften the case 情况常常如此as is said abve 如上所述as is reprted 正如报道的那样as we expected 正如我们预料的那样as has been pinted ut 正如已经指出的那样as has been said befre 正如之前所说的那样 as表示“正如，正像”，而which无此意。此时，as从句中 常有knw，expect，happen，pint ut，plan，suggest 等单词或短语。
as引导非限制性定语从句时常用情况
2. 固定句型the same … ; such…. as ; s …as… ; as … as… eg. These huses are sld at such a lw price as peple expected. 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(定语从句, as作宾语) This is such an easy questin as I can answer. 这是一个我能回答的简单问题。(定语从句, as作宾语)*当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。 She wre the same dress that she wre at Mary’s wedding. She wre the same dress as her yung sister wre.
as引导限制性定语从句时常用情况
在非限制性定语从句中, whm、which 前面可以加sme/ several/ a few / many /mre/ mst f 等修饰词，表示整体中的部分或所有。
Many peple, sme f __________ are nt verweight, are ging n a diet.I have been t many big cities, all f ________ have left a deep impressin n me.I have invited mre than ne hundred friends t the party, _______________(他们中的大部分) are frm abrad.I earn nly 1,000 dllars a mnth, _____________(其中一半) is spent n my car.
half f which
关系代词前介词的确定(1).依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配来确定。I bught a great many bks, I spent all my mney that I saved.(2).依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来进行。In ur class there are 46 students, ____________ half wear glasses.(3).根据所表达的意思来确定。The clrless gas we cannt live is called xygen.
介词 + 关系代词也可引导非限制性定语从句，但在这种定语从句中，介词通常前置，关系代词也不可省略。(指物：which; 指人：whm)
withut which
①The Great Wall, which is called in Chinese "The Ten-Thusand-li Great Wall", is very famus in the wrld.长城，汉语称为“万里长城”，在世界上非常出名。②This is my videphne, which was bught yesterday.这是我的可视电话，是昨天买的。
当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。
The sun, which rises in the east, gives us light and heat.太阳从东方升起，给我们带来光和热。We culd nt give the reasn, fr which s many peple were willing t take ut a lan.我们无法解释，为什么这么多人愿意贷款。
非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用fr which代替why。
先行词是独一无二的事物时，一般用非限制性定语从句说明。
Applying the rules
Rewrite the fllwing sentences using nn-restrictive relative clauses.
My parents went n a tur f Japan with 20 peple, sme f whm had never been abrad befre.
My favurite place t visit is a little village near Shanghai, where my grandma was brn.
Dr Lu, wh is an expert in Chinese histry, will give us a tur f Beijing.
I’m reading a guidebk t Rme, which is really fascinating and helpful.
I’d rather visit Eurpe in summer, when the weather is at its best.
Belw is an article abut hw t be a sustainable turist. Cmplete the article with the crrect nn-restrictive relative clauses in the bx belw. There is ne clause yu d NOT need t use. Write the letters in the blanks.
Sustainable turism, (1) _____________________________, is nt just abut seeing the sights－it is als abut cnnecting with peple and their cultures, making a psitive impact n the places we visit and enhancing pprtunities fr the future. S, hw can we be sustainable turists?
c which is becming increasingly ppular nwadays
It is imprtant t travel in an envirnmentally friendly manner. Getting t a turist destinatin by airplane, (2) ________________________________________, has a huge impact n the glbal envirnment. While aviding flying is nt always practical, we can help imprve the envirnment by travelling n lcal public transprt r even n ft whenever pssible.
a which greatly increases ur carbn ftprint
When at the htel, we can reduce ur impact by cutting back n water cnsumptin and nt having ur bedding and twels washed every day. We als need t prtect the lcal culture. When visiting temples r churches, (3) ________________________________________, we shuld dress apprpriately.
d where a strict dress cde may be required
While travelling, we shuld respect the right t privacy. We must ask fr permissin befre taking pictures f the lcal peple, (4) ________________________________________.In summary, being a sustainable turist cmes dwn t respect－fr nature, cutlture and peple.
b wh are human beings and nt n display
In pairs, discuss mre ways t be a sustainable turist, using nn-restrictive relative clauses.
When yu travel, never buy wildlife prducts, which are made frm animal skins r ther animal parts.
When yu travel, yu’d better buy suvenirs frm the lcal peple, may make a living by selling handmade items.When yu travel, say n t plastic prducts, reduces yur carbn ftprint.When yu travel, help the lcal children in the right way in sme develping cuntries, yur kind giving ften has unintended cnsequences.
Ways t be a sustainable turist
1. My mther, _____ yu met last year, keeps telling me nt t take them because they are dangerus.
2.It’s the same in China---many peple, sme f ________ are nt verweight at all, are always ging n diets r taking weight-lss pills, __________ are ften dangerus.
3.Helen was much kinder t her yungest sn than t the thers, ___________, f curse, made the thers envy him. 4.Carl said the wrk wuld be dne by Octber, __________ persnally I dubt very much. 5.The factry prduces half a millin pairs f shes every year, 80%______________are sld abrad. 6.I have many friends, sme ___are businessmen. 7.If a shp has chairs ___wmen can park their men, wmen will spend mre time in the shp.
Explring the rules
Cmpare the tw sentences.
1) In the ten prvinces and three territries which make up Canada, there is a great diversity in gegraphy.
2) T the east f the Pacific cast rise the grand Rcky Muntains, which are hme t high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.
a restrictive relative clause
a nn-restrictive relative clause
Read the article n page 6 and answer the fllwing questin.What are the advantages and disadvantages f turism?
A Explring the rules
Read and cmplete the table.
service industries t grw cnsistently
jbs t the lcal ppulatin
mre wealth t the surrunding cmmunity
culturally
insufficient respect
physically
Find the sentences with nn-restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the bx f part A n page 6.These industries, in turn, give jbs t the lcal ppulatin, whse welfare depends n turism.
These industries, in turn, give jbs t the lcal ppulatin, whse welfare depends n turism.The prices f turist essentials such as transprt, accmmdatin and fd usually increase t, which brings even mre wealth t the surrunding cmmunity.Mre nature-centred turist attractins, where man and nature live in harmny, can be greatly impacted r even destryed by the fld f turists. As resurces are used mre rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely t suffer, which culd endanger the lcal plants and animals.Lcal festivals and custms, which may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply becme entertainment fr turists.
Wrking ut the rules
Rule 1: We ften use a nn-restrictive relative clause t add _______ infrmatin t the antecedent (a nun, prnun r nun phrase) in the main clause r the main clause. A _________ is usually used t separate the adding clause and the main clause.
非限与主句用逗号隔开，补充说明先行词或主句
Rule 2: We usually intrduce a nn-restrictive relative clause with a relative prnun like wh, whm, which and whse r a relative adverb like when and where. The relative prnun and adverb ________ (can /cannt) be left ut in a nn-restrictive relative clause.
1) These trees，which I planted three years ag，were cut by gvernment.2) The trees I planted three years ag were cut by gvernment.
非限制性定语从句中不用that不用why, 关系词不可省略
Rule 3: We can use _________(which/wh/where) in a nn-restrictive relative clause t refer t the main clause as a whle.
The prices f turist essentials such as transprt, accmmdatin and fd usually increase t, which brings even mre wealth t the surrunding cmmunity.As resurces are used mre rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely t suffer, which culd endanger the lcal plants and animals.
非限制性定语从句中，可用which指代整个或部分主句
(1) Many yung peple, many f _______ were well-educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams. (2) I have been t many cities, all f _______ have left a deep impressin n me.
Rule 4: In a nn-restrictive relative clause, we can put “nne/sme/many/mst/all f” befre relative prnun “______” r “_______” t indicate a part f the whle.
非限中，whm/which 前可加nne/sme/many/mst/all f 等修饰词表示部分
Rule 5: We can use ______ in a nn-restrictive relative clause t refer t the main clause as a whle and the nn-restrictive relative clause can be placed befre, amng r after the main clause.
As is knwn t all, the Mn travels arund the Earth.2) He is late again, as is ften the case.3) The sales figure, as has been mentined abve, has been in a decline since last year.
as可修饰整个先行主句, 可置于句子任意位置, 常译为“正如，这”
限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别
Beijing, ______ is the capital f China, has a very lng histry.This is New Yrk, ______ I have visited fr several times.He seems nt t have grasped what I meant, ______ greatly upsets me.He was late again, ______ made the teacher very unhappy.
which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词可以是主句中的某个单词或短语，也可以是整个句子；which在从句中可作主语、宾语等，不可省略。
As is knwn t the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.As we all knw, the earth is rund. Taiwan is, as yu knw, an inseparable part f China.The bk is very interesting, as mst readers say.
as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是整个主句或主句的一部分。as引导的从句可以置于主句前、主句中或主句后。as是关系词中唯一可以置于句首的关系词。
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 常见搭配as is knwn t all /as we all knw 众所周知as is ften the case 情况常常如此as is said abve 如上所述as is reprted 正如报道的那样as we expected 正如我们预料的那样as has been pinted ut 正如已经指出的那样as has been said befre 正如之前所说的那样 as表示“正如，正像”，而which无此意。此时，as从句中 常有knw，expect，happen，pint ut，plan，suggest 等单词或短语。
as引导非限制性定语从句时常用情况
2. 固定句型the same … ; such…. as ; s …as… ; as … as… eg. These huses are sld at such a lw price as peple expected. 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(定语从句, as作宾语) This is such an easy questin as I can answer. 这是一个我能回答的简单问题。(定语从句, as作宾语)*当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。 She wre the same dress that she wre at Mary’s wedding. She wre the same dress as her yung sister wre.
as引导限制性定语从句时常用情况
在非限制性定语从句中, whm、which 前面可以加sme/ several/ a few / many /mre/ mst f 等修饰词，表示整体中的部分或所有。
Many peple, sme f __________ are nt verweight, are ging n a diet.I have been t many big cities, all f ________ have left a deep impressin n me.I have invited mre than ne hundred friends t the party, _______________(他们中的大部分) are frm abrad.I earn nly 1,000 dllars a mnth, _____________(其中一半) is spent n my car.
half f which
关系代词前介词的确定(1).依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配来确定。I bught a great many bks, I spent all my mney that I saved.(2).依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来进行。In ur class there are 46 students, ____________ half wear glasses.(3).根据所表达的意思来确定。The clrless gas we cannt live is called xygen.
介词 + 关系代词也可引导非限制性定语从句，但在这种定语从句中，介词通常前置，关系代词也不可省略。(指物：which; 指人：whm)
withut which
①The Great Wall, which is called in Chinese "The Ten-Thusand-li Great Wall", is very famus in the wrld.长城，汉语称为“万里长城”，在世界上非常出名。②This is my videphne, which was bught yesterday.这是我的可视电话，是昨天买的。
当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。
The sun, which rises in the east, gives us light and heat.太阳从东方升起，给我们带来光和热。We culd nt give the reasn, fr which s many peple were willing t take ut a lan.我们无法解释，为什么这么多人愿意贷款。
非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用fr which代替why。
先行词是独一无二的事物时，一般用非限制性定语从句说明。
Applying the rules
Rewrite the fllwing sentences using nn-restrictive relative clauses.
My parents went n a tur f Japan with 20 peple, sme f whm had never been abrad befre.
My favurite place t visit is a little village near Shanghai, where my grandma was brn.
Dr Lu, wh is an expert in Chinese histry, will give us a tur f Beijing.
I’m reading a guidebk t Rme, which is really fascinating and helpful.
I’d rather visit Eurpe in summer, when the weather is at its best.
Belw is an article abut hw t be a sustainable turist. Cmplete the article with the crrect nn-restrictive relative clauses in the bx belw. There is ne clause yu d NOT need t use. Write the letters in the blanks.
Sustainable turism, (1) _____________________________, is nt just abut seeing the sights－it is als abut cnnecting with peple and their cultures, making a psitive impact n the places we visit and enhancing pprtunities fr the future. S, hw can we be sustainable turists?
c which is becming increasingly ppular nwadays
It is imprtant t travel in an envirnmentally friendly manner. Getting t a turist destinatin by airplane, (2) ________________________________________, has a huge impact n the glbal envirnment. While aviding flying is nt always practical, we can help imprve the envirnment by travelling n lcal public transprt r even n ft whenever pssible.
a which greatly increases ur carbn ftprint
When at the htel, we can reduce ur impact by cutting back n water cnsumptin and nt having ur bedding and twels washed every day. We als need t prtect the lcal culture. When visiting temples r churches, (3) ________________________________________, we shuld dress apprpriately.
d where a strict dress cde may be required
While travelling, we shuld respect the right t privacy. We must ask fr permissin befre taking pictures f the lcal peple, (4) ________________________________________.In summary, being a sustainable turist cmes dwn t respect－fr nature, cutlture and peple.
b wh are human beings and nt n display
In pairs, discuss mre ways t be a sustainable turist, using nn-restrictive relative clauses.
When yu travel, never buy wildlife prducts, which are made frm animal skins r ther animal parts.
When yu travel, yu’d better buy suvenirs frm the lcal peple, may make a living by selling handmade items.When yu travel, say n t plastic prducts, reduces yur carbn ftprint.When yu travel, help the lcal children in the right way in sme develping cuntries, yur kind giving ften has unintended cnsequences.
Ways t be a sustainable turist
1. My mther, _____ yu met last year, keeps telling me nt t take them because they are dangerus.
2.It’s the same in China---many peple, sme f ________ are nt verweight at all, are always ging n diets r taking weight-lss pills, __________ are ften dangerus.
3.Helen was much kinder t her yungest sn than t the thers, ___________, f curse, made the thers envy him. 4.Carl said the wrk wuld be dne by Octber, __________ persnally I dubt very much. 5.The factry prduces half a millin pairs f shes every year, 80%______________are sld abrad. 6.I have many friends, sme ___are businessmen. 7.If a shp has chairs ___wmen can park their men, wmen will spend mre time in the shp.
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