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山西省吕梁市2022-2023学年高一英语下学期7月期末试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份山西省吕梁市2022-2023学年高一英语下学期7月期末试题（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损等内容，欢迎下载使用。
吕梁市2022-2023学年第二学期期末调研测试
高一英语试题
本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的指定位置上。
2．答题时使用0.5毫米的黑色中性(签字)笔或碳素笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号在各题的答题区域(黑色线框)内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £ 9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. Where will the speakers probably go on holiday?
A. To a beach. B. To a city park. C. To the countryside.
2. What will the woman probably do next?
A. Finish her report. B. Clean the classroom. C. Go to the doctor’s office.
3. How is the woman feeling?
A. Hurt. B. Excited. C. Anxious.
4. What do the speakers discover about David?
A. He is honest. B. He is shy. C. He is confident.
5. What does the man do when he needs help with English?
A. He uses a translation app. B. He calls his English friend.
C. He uses a paper dictionary.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the man doing now?
A. Reading a book. B. Planning a party. C. Studying for an exam.
7. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Teach her to use the phone. B. Write a thank-you letter.
C. Visit his grandmother.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. How often does the festival take place?
A. Every day. B. Every month. C. Every year.
9. What is not allowed in the Old Town during the festival?
A. Foods. B. Music. C. Vehicles.
10. What is the main reason for the festival?
A. To save electricity. B. To bring tourists to the sea.
C. To celebrate traditional culture.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a museum. B. In a coffee shop. C. In the man’s house.
12. When will the next art event take place?
A. On the 20th. B. On the 27th. C. On the 28th.
13. What can visitors get for free at the event?
A. A ticket. B. An artwork. C. Drinks and snacks.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the woman’s problem?
A. She can’t fall asleep at night. B. She keeps waking up at night.
C. She falls asleep during the day.
15. What is the woman’s job?
A. She is an office worker. B. She is a scientist. C. She is a teacher.
16. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Take sleep medicine. B. Drink less coffee. C. Change her diet.
17. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a café. B. In a classroom. C. In a doctor’s office.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What type of competition is the speaker taking part in?
A. A speech competition. B. A racing competition. C. A story competition.
19. What effect will the railway bring according to the speaker’s research?
A. It is bad for nature in the long run. B. More green spaces will be created.
C. More people will use cars to travel.
20. How does the speaker feel about the plans now?
A. Unhappy. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Over a waterfall in Southwestern Pennsylvania is a dazzling house, Fallingwater, by America’s most famous architect, Frank Lloyd Wright, in 1935. The instant it was built, it swept the whole country and is recognized as a National Historic Landmark. Highly recommended!
Guided House Tour
All the major rooms of the house feature in this one-hour tour. No photography all the way. Children six-year-old and above can access the house with their parents.
Adults— $ 20. 00 with advance purchase
—$ 23.00 when purchased on site
Youth(ages 6～12)—— $ 14 00 with advance purchase
—$ 17. 00 when purchased on site
Daily from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm, except Wednesday.
In-Depth Tour
The tour caters to the demand of those who desire a greater understanding of what Wright was seeking to create with his masterwork. The number of visitors on each tour is limited and photography is available for personal use only. Children eight years and older may accompany adults on this tour.
$ 65. 00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only)
Daily from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm.
Sunset Tour
The changing light at sunset provides you with Fallingwater from an entirely new perspective. The number of visitors is limited and photography is permitted for personal use only. Children under nine-year-old are not permitted on this tour.
$ 110.00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only)
July and August — Daily at 4:45 pm.
Brunch Tour
The guests join their guide for brunch before leaving. Children nine years and older are allowed with their parents. A total of three hours can afford this experience.
$ 115. 00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only)
Saturday s & Sundays at 9:00 am.
1. How much will a father and his 7-year-old boy spend if they buy tickets ahead of time for the Guided House Tour?
A. $34 B. $28 C. $40 D. $51
2. What can we know about Sunset Tour?
A. Visitors are limited to a certain number. B. It is not accessible in August.
C. It is only open for teenagers. D. The tickets are available on site.
3. What do the four tours mentioned have in common?
A. Taking photos is forbidden. B. Brunch is free of charge.
C. Advance booking is encouraged. D. The price of tickets is the same.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。本文主要介绍美国最著名的建筑师弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特（Frank Lloyd Wright）在宾夕法尼亚州西南部的瀑布上建造了一座名为Fallingwater的令人眼花缭乱的房子，在那里有四个旅行安排。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Guided House Tour部分“Adults— $ 20. 00 with advance purchase(成人——提前购买，20美元) ”和“Youth(ages 6～12)—— $ 14. 00 with advance purchase (青年（6～12岁）——提前购买，14美元)”可知，提前购买的话，父亲是成年人，需要20美元，7岁的男孩需要14美元，总共34美元。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sunset Tour部分“The number of visitors is limited (参观人数有限)”可知，在日落旅行中，参观人数是有限制的。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Guided House Tour部分“Adults— $ 20. 00 with advance purchase;—$ 23.00 when purchased on site. Youth(ages 6～12)—— $ 14. 00 with advance purchase; —$ 17. 00 when purchased on site (成人——提前购买，20美元；现场购买时为23.00美元。青年（6～12岁）——提前购买，14美元；现场购买时17美元)”，In-Depth Tour部分“$ 65. 00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only) (65美元/人（仅限提前购票）)”，Sunset Tour部分“$ 110.00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only) (110美元/人（仅限提前购票）)”，和Brunch Tour部分“$ 115 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only) (115美元/人（仅限提前购票）)”可知，这四个旅行提前订票的价格便宜，所以都鼓励提前订票。故选C。
B
Occasionally, life can be impossibly difficult, and it can be hard to keep going. But you always have a choice.
In 2012, I got a call from my family saying that my father’s cancer had fiercely progressed. He died only six months later. My father was a complete inspiration to me. He was always so strong that I honestly thought he would come back to life. I couldn’t believe I would never again hug him.
Shortly after that, my oldest sister complained of a backache. The doctors discovered that she had highly advanced cancer in her bones and that there was nothing they could do. She died a month later. She was my favorite person in the whole world. I never thought I would have to live without her. I was overcome by the shock and extreme heartbreak. Then, something was wrong with my knees and I ended up in the hospital myself.
I remember lying in the hospital bed, looking up at the ceiling and seeing my sister’s beautiful face. I realized that night that I had a choice. I could end my life or I could live it. I looked in my sister’s eyes and decided not to go with her just yet. I decided to stay and complete my journey here. I also decided that I would live the life that I absolutely longed for.
I now live in an adorable cottage with an amazing boyfriend. I spend quality time with the rest of my precious family and cherish every moment I have with them. I connect with my heart often to ensure that I am following my joy. I love myself more deeply every day. Not a day goes by when I don’t miss my father’s huge character or my beloved sister’s gentle eyes, but I know that I will be with them one day. What I have now is so precious that I must grasp the joy in every moment I can.
You choose life every day. But do you choose the life that you love every day?
4. What did the author once suffer from?
A. A heart attack. B. A backache.
C. A knee problem. D. A bone cancer.
5. How should the joy in your life be determined according to the passage?
A. By your career. B. By your attitude.
C. By your health. D. By your family.
6. Which of the following can be used to describe the author?
A. Lonely but ambitious. B. Miserable but easy-going.
C. Hopeless but humorous. D. Unlucky but positive.
7. Which can be the best title of the passage?
A. Escape the Fate B. Love Your Life
C. Make a Living D. Remember Every Moment
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者的父亲和姐姐相继离去，给她带来了巨大的打击。但她从痛苦中挣扎过来，对生活有了新的认识，并决心要好好享受生活中的每一点快乐，珍惜生活中的每分每秒。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Then, something was wrong with my knees and I ended up in the hospital myself. (然后，我的膝盖出了问题，我自己也住进了医院。)”可知，作者的膝盖曾经出了问题。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“I realized that night that I had a choice. I could end my life or I could live it. I looked in my sister’s eyes and decided not to go with her just yet. I decided to stay and complete my journey here. I also decided that I would live the life that I absolutely longed for. (那天晚上我意识到我有一个选择。我可以结束我的生命，也可以活下去。我看着姐姐的眼睛，决定暂时不和她一起去。我决定留下来，在这里完成我的旅程。我还决定，我会过上我绝对渴望的生活。)”可知，在作者看来，态度决定生活。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In 2012, I got a call from my family saying that my father’s cancer had fiercely progressed. He died only six months later. My father was a complete inspiration to me. He was always so strong that I honestly thought he would come back to life. I couldn’t believe I would never again hug him. (2012年，我接到家人的电话，说我父亲的癌症病情严重恶化。仅仅六个月后他就去世了。我的父亲给了我很大的启发。他总是那么坚强，我真的以为他会复活的。我不敢相信我再也不能拥抱他了。)”和第三段“Shortly after that, my oldest sister complained of a backache. The doctors discovered that she had highly advanced cancer in her bones and that there was nothing they could do. She died a month later. She was my favorite person in the whole world. I never thought I would have to live without her. I was overcome by the shock and extreme heartbreak. Then, something was wrong with my knees and I ended up in the hospital myself. (不久之后，我的姐姐抱怨背痛。医生发现她骨骼中患有晚期癌症，他们无能为力。一个月后，她去世了。她是全世界我最喜欢的人。我从没想过没有她我会活下去。我被震惊和极度的心碎所压倒。然后，我的膝盖出了问题，我自己也住进了医院。)”可知，作者很不幸。根据第四段“I realized that night that I had a choice. I could end my life or I could live it. I looked in my sister’s eyes and decided not to go with her just yet. I decided to stay and complete my journey here. I also decided that I would live the life that I absolutely longed for. (那天晚上我意识到我有一个选择。我可以结束我的生命，也可以活下去。我看着姐姐的眼睛，决定暂时不和她一起去。我决定留下来，在这里完成我的旅程。我还决定，我会过上我绝对渴望的生活。)”可知，作者在经历过伤痛之后仍然积极乐观地生活。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“You choose life every day. But do you choose the life that you love every day? (你每天都在选择生活。但是你会选择你每天都热爱的生活吗？)”可知，这篇文章作者想要表达的意思是要热爱生活。故选B。
C
Endangered polar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊) creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say.
As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards. And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids (杂交种).
With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats, some scientists guess that they could be here to stay. “Usually, hybrids aren't better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources, ” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science.
The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears' decline: their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years. This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears' ranges, where they outcompete them, but also to polar bears' highly specialized diets.
“Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period, a previous period of rapid warming,” DeSantis said, referring to fat meals such as seals. “Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources, like seabird eggs, it could be a tipping point for their survival.” Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them. This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.
“We're having massive impacts with climate change on species,” DeSantis said. “The polar bear is telling us how bad things are. In some sense, “pizzly” bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends.”
8. Why do polar bears move further south?
A. To create hybrids. B. To expand territory.
C. To relieve hunger. D. To contact grizzlies.
9. What makes “pizzly” bears adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents?
A. Broader habitats. B. More food options.
C. Climate preference. D. Improved breeding ability.
10. What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. A rare chance. B. A critical stage.
C. A positive factor. D. A constant change.
11. What's the main idea of the text?
A. Polar bears are changing diets for climate change.
B. Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change.
C. “Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming.
D. “Pizzly” bears have replaced polar bears for global warming.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards.”（随着世界变暖和北极海冰变薄，饥饿的北极熊被迫越来越向南，在那里它们遇到灰熊，灰熊的活动范围正在向北扩展。）可知北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“'Usually, hybrids aren't better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources, ' Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science.”（范德比尔特大学（Vanderbilt University）生物科学副教授拉里萨·德桑蒂斯（Larisa DeSantis）对《生活科学》（Live Science）说：“通常情况下，杂交种并不比它们的父母更适合它们的环境，但这些杂交种能够寻找更广泛的食物来源。”。）可知更多的食物选择让“小熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选B项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段划线词后文“Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them.”（事实上，他们从这些来源获得的热量并不能抵消他们在寻找这些来源时燃烧的热量。）及下一句“This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.”（这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。）可知，无法找到食物来源，北极熊很可能被灰熊取代，处于生存的关键点。划线句“Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources, like seabird eggs, it could be a tipping point for their survival.”（尽管所有这些饥饿的北极熊都在努力寻找其他食物来源，比如海鸟蛋，但这可能是它们生存的转折点。），be a tipping point“转折点”，相当于A critical stage（关键阶段）。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Endangered polar bears are breeding with grizzly bears , creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say.”（科学家称，受气候变化的驱动，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”。）和倒数第二段“This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.”（这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。）以及文章大意，可知由于全球变暖，“小熊”的数量正在上升。故选C项。
D
Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone, when you look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the same facial expression? It may seem like they have consciously(有意识地) copied you, but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon(变色龙) effect at play.
The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation(模仿) of another person’s gestures or behaviour. Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours, people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth.
The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartran d in 1999. The first part of their experiment included 78 people, who each spoke with an experimenter. During the test, Bargh and Chartrand studied whether participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn’t met before, like moving the foot and touching the face. The second part measured the impact that copying someone has on the person being imitated.
In the first stage, participants increased their face touching by 20% and their foot movement by 50% while in conversation about a photograph with the experimenter. The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for, and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts. The second stage involved half of the participants being copied, and then determining the likeability of the experimenter. The results showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter higher. It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour, we develop more positive feelings about them. These interactions could be a person unconsciously willing to be liked, and forming a moment of connection.
The main reasons behind humans’ imitation are positive. However, when people carry this chameleon effect to the extreme, they can lose their sense of self. Those who change their entire personalities in different groups often go unnoticed. But more common signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice. Next time you are in a social gathering, take a look around and you might just see some chameleons for yourself.
12. Why do people acquire others’ behavior?
A. To grab others’ attention. B. To build a bond with others.
C. To adjust to the surroundings. D. To match the environment’s colour.
13. How did the experimenter ensure participants’ unconscious behaviors?
A. By hiding a camera from them.
B. By keeping a close eye on their actions.
C. By distracting their attention from a photo.
D. By directing their attention to a photo.
14. What can be concluded from the experiment?
A. Too much of the chameleon effect can be positive.
B. People imitating others are not easy to be observed.
C. People tend to appreciate others imitating their behavior.
D. The copied movements help people to feel less anxious.
15. Which of the following reflects the chameleon effect according to the passage?
A. A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage.
B. Close friends share similar behaviors over time.
C. Students adopt teachers’ accents for fun in secret.
D. People change their habits to cheer up others on purpose.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的研究，告诉我们人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离，顺畅互动。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation (模仿) of another person’s gestures or behaviour. Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours, people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth. (变色龙效应是指无意识地模仿他人的手势或行为。就像变色龙试图与任何环境的颜色相匹配一样，人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离，帮助他们顺畅地互动)”可知，人们为了与他人建立联系，会习得他人的行为。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“In the first stage, participants increased their face touching by 20% and their foot movement by 50% while in conversation about a photograph with the experimenter. The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for, and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts. (在第一阶段，参与者在与实验者谈论一张照片时，触摸脸部的次数增加了20%，脚的动作增加了50%。这些人并不知道他们被研究的目的是什么，照片被用来吸引他们的注意力，以确保他们无意识的行为)”可知，实验者用一张照片吸引参与者的注意力来保证他们的无意识行为，故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour, we develop more positive feelings about them. These interactions could be a person unconsciously willing to be liked, and forming a moment of connection. (研究表明，当有人模仿我们的行为时，我们会对他们产生更积极的感觉。这些互动可能是一个人无意识地愿意被喜欢，并形成了一个连接的时刻)”可推断出，实验表明人们倾向于喜欢模仿自己行为的人。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation (模仿) of another person’s gestures or behaviour. Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours, people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth. (变色龙效应是指无意识地模仿他人的手势或行为。就像变色龙试图与任何环境的颜色相匹配一样，人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离，帮助他们顺畅地互动)”可知，随着时间的推移，朋友之间有相似的行为是变色龙行为，是因为他们经常在一起相处无意识的互相模仿。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项为多余选项。
Sports can help contribute to a healthy body and get you close to nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great impact on the environment.
____16____ Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses(球场) in good condition. ____17____ For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held, responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
There are many environment-friendly sports. ____18____ You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, it can also keep you fit. ____19____ Experts say that 20 minutes daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.
Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. ____20____ And best of all, it’s free.
A. It will cost you a lot.
B. Some sports are resource-hungry.
C. This causes major environmental effects.
D. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today.
E. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership.
F. If you walk on a regular basis, it will benefit your heart and bones.
G. More and more people are concerned about environmental protection
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. D 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些影响环境的娱乐项目，以及对环境影响较小的运动项目，最后鼓励人们参加那些环保型，耗费资源少的项目来保护环境。
【16题详解】
下文“Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. (你可能知道，高尔夫不仅会消耗大片的乡村地区，还会消耗大量的水资源。)”以高尔夫这项运动为例来说明有些运动消耗资源，B项“有些运动是资源消耗型的。”符合，引起下文，故选B。
【17题详解】
上文“Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses(球场) in good condition.(此外，各种各样化学药品和巨大的能源被用来保持良好的状态。)”指出各种各样的化学药品和巨大的能源被用来保持良好的状态，空处承接上文，指出这样做的后果，C项“这会对环境造成重大影响。”符合，故选C。
【18题详解】
上文“There are many environment-friendly sports(有许多环保运动)”指出有许多环保运动，空处承接上文，D项“竞走是你今天可以从事的项目之一。”指出竞走是环保运动之一，故选D。
【19题详解】
上文“Simple and free, it can also keep you fit.(简单，免费，它也可以让你保持健康。)”指出竞走的好处，下文“Experts say that 20 minutes daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.(专家说，每天20分钟可以让你感觉不那么焦虑，睡眠良好，并有更好的体重控制。)”指出每天有规律的竞走的好处，F项“如果你经常走路，对你的心脏和骨骼都有好处。”符合，进一步阐述了竞走的好处，同时引起下文，其中“walk on a regular basis”和下文“20 minutes daily ”相呼应，故选F。
【20题详解】
上文“But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. (但最终目标应该是“绿色健身房”。它们是传统健身俱乐部和现代体育中心的更好替代品。绿色健身房的成员在户外、乡村或其他开放空间进行体育运动。)”和下文“And best of all, it’s free.(最棒的是，它是免费的。)”都在说绿色健身房的好处，由此可知，空处也应描述绿色健身房的好处，E项“开始成为会员并没有特别的要求。”符合，故选E。
第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11-year-old, lively and chatty, yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference. Last month, she ____21____ the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention.
What ____22____ Gitanjali’s work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water. “The idea didn’t occur to me ____23____ I saw my parents try to do water tests. The test strips may show inaccurate results, which weren’t very ____24____,” she recalls. She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and ____25____ found that carbon nanotube (纳米管) sensors can be used to sense chemicals. Gitanjali ____26____ to build a small blue hose using the 3D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside. A free app, which Gitanjali designed under ____27____ from her computer science teacher, gives instant results and sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device.
The process of designing her project wasn’t always ____28____, though. Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali ____29____ her teacher in summer, _____30_____ along the way. In the award ceremony, Gitanjali also expressed _____31_____ to her parents for constant support and _____32_____ to try “crazy ideas”. Gitanjali received $25,000 to further develop her program along with the great _____33_____ of winning the contest. According to Shafer, who _____34_____ Gitanjali, “she shows a lot of motivation to solve _____35_____ issues through science”.
21. A. offered B. earned C. designed D. presented
22. A. exposed B. improved C. inspired D. defined
23. A. when B. until C. after D. although
24. A. reliable B. disappointing C. predictable D. unbelievable
25. A. initially B. immediately C. temporarily D. eventually
26. A. pretended B. promised C. managed D. happened
27. A. pressure B. command C. instruction D. control
28. A. rough B. smooth C. complex D. challenging
29. A. as B. to C. from D. after
30. A. applauded B. assisted C. criticised D. followed
31. A. gratitude B. praise C. concern D. apology
32. A. threat B. request C. struggle D. encouragement
33. A. honor B. intention C. potential D. announcement
34. A. keeps up with B. gets along with C. speaks ill of D. thinks much of
35. A. commercial B. academic C. practical D. systematic
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报导了11岁的普通女孩Gitanjali不平凡的故事，她发明出检测水中铅含量的设备，获得探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：上个月，她的发明获得了探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖。A. offered提供；B. earned获得；C. designed设计；D. presented提出。根据下文“Gitanjali received $25,000 to further develop her program along with the great ____13____ of winning the contest.”可知，她的发明获了比赛的最高奖。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：启发Gitanjali创作灵感的是，她所在的城市面临着水铅超标的紧急情况。A. exposed暴露；B. improved改进；C. inspired启发；D. defined定义。根据下文“her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water”可知，她所在的城市面临着水铅超标的紧急情况，因此这种情况启发了Gitanjali的创作灵感，要做出一个东西来解决这个问题。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：直到我看到父母试着做水测试，我才有了这个想法。A. when何时；B. until直到；C. after在……之后；D. although虽然。根据上文“didn’t”和下文“I saw my parents try to do water tests”可推知，until“直到”符合语境，和not搭配构成not… until…的固定结构，意为“直到……才……”，此处表示Gitanjali是直到看到父母试着做水测试，才有了这个想法的。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：试纸可能会显示不准确的结果，这不是很可靠。A. reliable可靠的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. predictable可预测的；D. unbelievable难以置信的。根据上文“The test strips may show inaccurate results”可知，试纸可能显示不准确的结果，因此不是很可靠。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，她不断努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感知化学物质。A. initially最初；B. immediately立即；C. temporarily暂时；D. eventually最终。根据上文“She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts”可知，她不断努力寻找合适的材料，因此是最终才发现了碳纳米管传感器这种合适的材料。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali用学校的3D打印机成功制作了一个蓝色的小软管，里面有电脑芯片和电池。A. pretended假装；B. promised答应；C. managed设法做成；D. happened发生。根据上文Gitanjali的发明获得了比赛的最高奖可推知，她应该是成功制作出了产品，manage to do sth.是固定短语，意为“成功做到……”。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali在她的计算机科学老师的指导下设计了一个免费的应用程序，它可以即时给出结果，并通过一个附加设备将数据发送到一个连接的手机上。A. pressure压力；B. command命令；C. instruction指导；D. control控制。根据下文“her computer science teacher”和常识可推知，Gitanjali这样的11岁的女孩，应该是在计算机科学老师的指导下设计程序。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，设计项目的过程并不总是一帆风顺。A. rough粗糙的；B. smooth顺利的；C. complex复杂的；D. challenging有挑战性的。根据下文“though”可知，此处语义有转折，因此过程应该并不总是一帆风顺的。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：作为Gitanjali暑期的搭档老师，科学家Kathleen Shafer一直在帮助她。A. as作为；B. to到；C. from从；D. after在……之后。根据上文“a scientist”和下文“her teacher in summer”可推知，科学家Kathleen Shafer应该是作为Gitanjali暑期的搭档老师。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家Kathleen Shafer是Gitanjali暑期的搭档老师，她一直在帮助她。A. applauded鼓掌；B. assisted帮助；C. criticised批评；D. followed跟随。根据上文“a scientist paired with Gitanjali ____9____ her teacher in summer”可推知，科学家Kathleen是Gitanjali的搭档老师，因此应该是一直在帮助Gitanjali。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在颁奖典礼上，Gitanjali还感恩了她父母一直支持和鼓励她尝试“疯狂的想法”。A. gratitude感恩；B. praise赞美；C. concern关心；D. apology道歉。根据下文“for constant support and ____12____ to try “crazy ideas””可知，Gitanjali的父母一直支持着她做发明，因此是感恩她的父母。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在颁奖典礼上，Gitanjali还感恩了她的父母一直支持和鼓励她尝试“疯狂的想法”。A. threat威胁；B. request请求；C. struggle奋斗；D. encouragement鼓励。根据上文“constant support”和下文“to try “crazy ideas””可知，encouragement“鼓励”符合语境，表示父母支持Gitanjali，还鼓励她尝试“疯狂的想法”。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali获得了2.5万美元，用于进一步发展她的项目，并获得了赢得比赛的巨大荣誉。A. honor荣誉；B. intention意图；C. potential潜力；D. announcement公告。根据下文“of winning the contest”可推知，应该是除了获得奖金还有赢得了比赛的巨大荣誉。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Shafer给予了Gitanjali高度评价，她说：“她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的极大动力。”A. keeps up with跟上；B. gets along with与……相处融洽；C. speaks ill of说……的坏话；D. thinks much of高度评价。根据下文“she shows a lot of motivation to solve ____15____ issues through science”可推知，Shafer对Gitanjal的评价很高。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Shafer给予了Gitanjali高度评价，她说：“她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的极大动力。”A. commercial商业的；B. academic学术的；C. practical实际的；D. systematic系统的。根据上文“her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water”可知，Gitanjal的发明针对的是水铅超标的问题，因此是解决实际的问题。故选C。
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yuncheng, ____36____(know) as “Hedong”, is one of the birthplace of Chinese civilization. With its rich cultural heritage spanning thousands of years, Yuncheng has become a destination for those interested in ____37____(explore) China’s roots. From the earliest hominid fossils(原始化石) to salt mining techniques, Yuncheng is home ____38____ some of the most significant artifacts(史前古器物) and sites in Chinese history.
The Hedong Salt Lake is one of the oldest salt fields in the world, with ____39____ history of over 4, 600 years. “The Five-Step Salt Production Method”, which ____40____(origin) during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, became a vital technological ____41____(contribute) to the salt industry in China and the world. This technique predates European salt production methods by nearly one thousand years and ____42____(list) as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2021.
____43____(recent), Yuncheng has increased its ____44____(ecology) restoration efforts of “returning salt to the lake”. The salt lake has changed from a mining area to a tourist hot spot, _____45_____ offers visitors a new appearance.
【答案】36. known
37. exploring
38. to 39. a
40. originated
41. contribution
42. was listed
43. Recently
44. ecological
45. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。山西运城，有“河东”之称，是中华文明的发祥地之一。从最早的人类化石到盐矿开采技术，运城是中国历史上一些最重要的文物和遗址的所在地。河东盐湖是世界上最古老的盐场之一，有着四千六百多年的历史。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：运城，有“河东”之称，是中华文明的发祥地之一。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词know和句子主语Yuncheng是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作后置定语。故填known。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：运城拥有跨越数千年的丰富文化遗产，已成为有兴趣探索中国根源的人的目的地。分析句子结构和意思可知，口试名词短语，所以这里需要动名词作介词in的宾语。故填exploring。
【38题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：从最早的人类化石到盐矿开采技术，运城是中国历史上一些最重要的文物和遗址的所在地。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配be home to，意为“为……的所在地”。故填to。
【39题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：河东盐湖是世界上最古老的盐场之一，有着四千六百多年的历史。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要固定搭配a history of，意为“……的历史”。故填a。
【40题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：“五步制盐法”起源于春秋战国时期，是我国乃至世界盐业发展的重要技术性贡献。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要which引导的定语从句的谓语动词，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填originated。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作表语，前面有a，名词用单数。故填contribution。
【42题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：这项技术比欧洲的盐生产方法早了近千年，并于2021年被列为国家非物质文化遗产。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，主语technique和动词list是被动关系，谓语用一般过去时的被动语态结构，系动词用was。故填was listed。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：近年来，运城市加大了“退盐还湖”生态修复力度。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Recently。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：见第8题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作定语，修饰后面的名词efforts。故填ecological。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：盐湖已经从矿区变成了旅游热点，这为游客提供了新的面貌。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
46. I was just ______ ______ ______ really, because I was so angry.(发泄怒火)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. letting ②. off ③. steam
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：我只是在发泄，因为我太生气了。“发泄怒火”是固定短语let off steam，由was可知，句子时态是过去进行时，空格处用现在分词，故填letting，off，steam。
47. We played well, but I felt the team ______ ______ ______ by one member, our point guard.(使……失望)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. were ②. let ③. down
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语，时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：我们打得很好，但是我觉得有一个队员让球队失望了，那就是我们的控球后卫。“使……失望”是let sb. down，team和let down是动宾关系，因此句子用被动语态，由felt可知，句子时态是一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语team此处强调的是全体队员，因此谓语动词用复数，因此空格处是were let down。故填were，let，down。
48. ______ ______ ______ can we justify telling white lies like these?(到……程度)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. To ②. what ③. extent
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语和疑问代词。句意：我们能在多大程度上证明说这些善意谎言是正当的？分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“到……程度”对应的介词短语to...extent，句子是特殊疑问句，表示“什么”的意思用疑问代词what。故填To what extent。
49. ______ ______ ______ ______, there was sky where the roof had been.(突然)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. All ②. of ③. a ④. sudden
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：突然间，屋顶原来的地方出现了天空。“突然”为固定搭配all of a sudden，作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填①All②of③a④sudden。
50. ______ ______ my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.(翻阅，浏览)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. Looking ②. through
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：翻阅报纸时，我被亚洲一场飓风摧毁了一座城镇的照片震惊了。“翻阅，浏览”是固定短语look through，句中谓语是am，空格处用非谓语动词，I和look through之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Looking，through。
51. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have________ ________ the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. (从……获益) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. benefited ②. from
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：今天，非洲16个国家的80多万人受益于清洁、安全的水这一改变生活的礼物。分析句子可知，本句缺谓语，根据汉语提示，表示“从……中受益”用短语benefit from，根据Today和have及语境可知时态采用现在完成时。故填benefited from。
52. He established an office to ______ ______ ______ (记录) the children, and then returned to Britain to find temporary homes for them. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. keep ②. records ③. of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他建立了一个办事处，记录孩子们的信息，然后回到英国为他们寻找寄养家庭。根据汉语提示“记录”以及空前的不定式符号to可知应填keep records of，to keep records of 在句中作目的状语。故填keep records of。
53. Franklin has taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to ______ ______ ______ (证实真相) and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. establish ②. the ③. truth
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和目的状语。句意：富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道，激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。根据汉语提示“证实真相”以及上文in order to可知，此处应填establish the truth作目的状语，establish意为“确定，证实”，truth意为“真相”。故填establish the truth。
54. Those who saw Han Gan's horse paintings all ______ ______ ______ ______ (高度赞扬) his unique skill, saying that his horses “could gallop off the paper”. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. sang ②. high ③. praises ④. for
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：那些看见过韩干画的马的人都为他独特的技艺高度赞扬，说他的马“可以从纸上飞奔而出”。表示“高度赞扬”应用动词短语sing high praises for，结合“saw”可知，此处使用一般过去时。故填①sang；②high；③praises；④for。
55. It is still now known if he ______ ______ ______ the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.(成功到达reach)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. succeeded ②. in ③. reaching
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：现在还不知道他是否在被夺去生命之前成功登顶珠峰。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语succeed in doing“成功做某事”，满足句意要求，表示“到达”为动词reach，此处为动名词形式；结合before引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，所以主句也应该用一般过去时。故填①succeeded；②in；③reaching。
第二节(满分25分)
56. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整故事。词数应为150左右。
“SAI BABA! Sai Baba! Sai Baba! Hahahaha!”
“Today is a big day! We have a celebrity visiting our city! Hahahaha!” Rani’s cheeks burned with embarrassment and tears filled her eyes as she pushed her way to the door of the school bus through the crowd of boys laughing at her. It wasn’t the first time she’d been called Sai Baba after the famous Hindu holy man(印度圣人) with his trademark afro(爆炸式卷发) towering over his head.
But this time had to be the worst. Rani jumped off the school bus, and anger flooded in as she rushed home in the drizzling rain. Why did her hair have to be like a giant cotton candy balloon just when she wanted it to behave? Why? Why? Why? It annoyed Rani as she opened the door.
“Rani, is that you?” Mama called from the family room. Suddenly Rani’s cousins, Amit and Sumit, came running toward her. “How many eggs does Rani have in that ne st on her head?” joked Amit. “Let me get that wig(假发) off Rani’s head!” shouted Sumit. Before she could think, Rani turned around and went out back up the road she’d walked down minutes before. She made her way down a narrow mud path into a clearing(空地). She threw her schoolbag on the ground and breathed hard.
“I hate my hair!” she cried. Throwing herself on the schoolbag, she bitterly remembered the time she’d spent trying to smooth her hair, with no luck. Before long, she fell asleep.
“RANI! RAA-AANI!”
Rani woke up to Mama’s calls. She sounded anxious. “I’ll never go home,” she promised herself. Mama let Amit and Sumit make fun of me. Papa would never have done that. He would listen to me and stand by my side. Before she knew it, the darkness began to fall.
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: Suddenly, someone or something was making its way into the clearing.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: The next moment Papa was sitting beside her.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Suddenly, someone or something was making its way into the clearing. Rani froze. She knew about the dangerous animals——the foxes and snakes and even man-eater leopards——that lurked in the lush jungles. A shiver went down her spine. Hugging herself close, she crouched lower, not daring to move a muscle. Tiny night bugs bit into her soft flesh and hunger pangs wracked her belly. Rani was tortured by such a disastrous day! She held her breath as the rustling grew louder, her eyes scanning the bushes frantically. Suddenly, the thick leaves parted, and a dark form stepped into the clearing. Rani’s heart leaping with fear, she opened her mouth to scream.
The next moment Papa was sitting beside her. Relief and joy flooded through Rani. She flung her arms around Papa and clung to him. “Rani! What’s wrong?” a visibly relieved Papa asked. Rani hesitated at first but then broke down in tears, “I hate my hair!” She poured out everything about teasing. “And that’s not all,” Rani sobbed. “Mama even let Amit and Sumit get away with it.” Papa sighed, stroked her disheveled hair and planted a soft kiss on her forehead. “I know it’s tough being teased by those kids, but you can’t let it get to you. Look, you are beautiful just the way you are!” Papa said soothingly. Together, they sat in silence for a while, until Rani’s tears dried up and she felt ready to face the world again.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为中心展开，主要讲述小女孩Rani因为她的头发，经常被人欺负笑话。有一天终于忍无可忍，被嘲笑后，她逃到一个隐蔽的地方躲避并思考自己的问题。最终，在父亲的帮助下，她对自己有了全新的认识，走出了心理的“困境”。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，有人或什么东西进入了空地。”可知，第一段可描写具体是什么出现了。
②由第二段首句内容“下一刻，爸爸就坐在她身边。”可知，第二段可描写爸爸帮助Rani走出了心理的“困境”。
2.续写线索：害怕——躲藏——无助——爸爸出现——交流——走出阴影
3.词汇激活
行为类
①躲藏：lurk/hide
②折磨：torture/torment
情绪类
①疯狂地：frantically/madly
②高兴：joy/happiness
【点睛】【高分句型1】She knew about the dangerous animals——the foxes and snakes and even man-eater leopards——that lurked in the lush jungles.（由that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】She held her breath as the rustling grew louder, her eyes scanning the bushes frantically.（由as引导的时间状语从句和独立主格结构）
吕梁市2022-2023学年第二学期期末调研测试
高一英语试题
本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的指定位置上。
2．答题时使用0.5毫米的黑色中性(签字)笔或碳素笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号在各题的答题区域(黑色线框)内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £ 9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. Where will the speakers probably go on holiday?
A. To a beach. B. To a city park. C. To the countryside.
2. What will the woman probably do next?
A. Finish her report. B. Clean the classroom. C. Go to the doctor’s office.
3. How is the woman feeling?
A. Hurt. B. Excited. C. Anxious.
4. What do the speakers discover about David?
A. He is honest. B. He is shy. C. He is confident.
5. What does the man do when he needs help with English?
A. He uses a translation app. B. He calls his English friend.
C. He uses a paper dictionary.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the man doing now?
A. Reading a book. B. Planning a party. C. Studying for an exam.
7. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Teach her to use the phone. B. Write a thank-you letter.
C. Visit his grandmother.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. How often does the festival take place?
A. Every day. B. Every month. C. Every year.
9. What is not allowed in the Old Town during the festival?
A. Foods. B. Music. C. Vehicles.
10. What is the main reason for the festival?
A. To save electricity. B. To bring tourists to the sea.
C. To celebrate traditional culture.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a museum. B. In a coffee shop. C. In the man’s house.
12. When will the next art event take place?
A. On the 20th. B. On the 27th. C. On the 28th.
13. What can visitors get for free at the event?
A. A ticket. B. An artwork. C. Drinks and snacks.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the woman’s problem?
A. She can’t fall asleep at night. B. She keeps waking up at night.
C. She falls asleep during the day.
15. What is the woman’s job?
A. She is an office worker. B. She is a scientist. C. She is a teacher.
16. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Take sleep medicine. B. Drink less coffee. C. Change her diet.
17. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a café. B. In a classroom. C. In a doctor’s office.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What type of competition is the speaker taking part in?
A. A speech competition. B. A racing competition. C. A story competition.
19. What effect will the railway bring according to the speaker’s research?
A. It is bad for nature in the long run. B. More green spaces will be created.
C. More people will use cars to travel.
20. How does the speaker feel about the plans now?
A. Unhappy. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Over a waterfall in Southwestern Pennsylvania is a dazzling house, Fallingwater, by America’s most famous architect, Frank Lloyd Wright, in 1935. The instant it was built, it swept the whole country and is recognized as a National Historic Landmark. Highly recommended!
Guided House Tour
All the major rooms of the house feature in this one-hour tour. No photography all the way. Children six-year-old and above can access the house with their parents.
Adults— $ 20. 00 with advance purchase
—$ 23.00 when purchased on site
Youth(ages 6～12)—— $ 14 00 with advance purchase
—$ 17. 00 when purchased on site
Daily from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm, except Wednesday.
In-Depth Tour
The tour caters to the demand of those who desire a greater understanding of what Wright was seeking to create with his masterwork. The number of visitors on each tour is limited and photography is available for personal use only. Children eight years and older may accompany adults on this tour.
$ 65. 00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only)
Daily from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm.
Sunset Tour
The changing light at sunset provides you with Fallingwater from an entirely new perspective. The number of visitors is limited and photography is permitted for personal use only. Children under nine-year-old are not permitted on this tour.
$ 110.00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only)
July and August — Daily at 4:45 pm.
Brunch Tour
The guests join their guide for brunch before leaving. Children nine years and older are allowed with their parents. A total of three hours can afford this experience.
$ 115. 00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only)
Saturday s & Sundays at 9:00 am.
1. How much will a father and his 7-year-old boy spend if they buy tickets ahead of time for the Guided House Tour?
A. $34 B. $28 C. $40 D. $51
2. What can we know about Sunset Tour?
A. Visitors are limited to a certain number. B. It is not accessible in August.
C. It is only open for teenagers. D. The tickets are available on site.
3. What do the four tours mentioned have in common?
A. Taking photos is forbidden. B. Brunch is free of charge.
C. Advance booking is encouraged. D. The price of tickets is the same.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。本文主要介绍美国最著名的建筑师弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特（Frank Lloyd Wright）在宾夕法尼亚州西南部的瀑布上建造了一座名为Fallingwater的令人眼花缭乱的房子，在那里有四个旅行安排。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Guided House Tour部分“Adults— $ 20. 00 with advance purchase(成人——提前购买，20美元) ”和“Youth(ages 6～12)—— $ 14. 00 with advance purchase (青年（6～12岁）——提前购买，14美元)”可知，提前购买的话，父亲是成年人，需要20美元，7岁的男孩需要14美元，总共34美元。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sunset Tour部分“The number of visitors is limited (参观人数有限)”可知，在日落旅行中，参观人数是有限制的。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Guided House Tour部分“Adults— $ 20. 00 with advance purchase;—$ 23.00 when purchased on site. Youth(ages 6～12)—— $ 14. 00 with advance purchase; —$ 17. 00 when purchased on site (成人——提前购买，20美元；现场购买时为23.00美元。青年（6～12岁）——提前购买，14美元；现场购买时17美元)”，In-Depth Tour部分“$ 65. 00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only) (65美元/人（仅限提前购票）)”，Sunset Tour部分“$ 110.00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only) (110美元/人（仅限提前购票）)”，和Brunch Tour部分“$ 115 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only) (115美元/人（仅限提前购票）)”可知，这四个旅行提前订票的价格便宜，所以都鼓励提前订票。故选C。
B
Occasionally, life can be impossibly difficult, and it can be hard to keep going. But you always have a choice.
In 2012, I got a call from my family saying that my father’s cancer had fiercely progressed. He died only six months later. My father was a complete inspiration to me. He was always so strong that I honestly thought he would come back to life. I couldn’t believe I would never again hug him.
Shortly after that, my oldest sister complained of a backache. The doctors discovered that she had highly advanced cancer in her bones and that there was nothing they could do. She died a month later. She was my favorite person in the whole world. I never thought I would have to live without her. I was overcome by the shock and extreme heartbreak. Then, something was wrong with my knees and I ended up in the hospital myself.
I remember lying in the hospital bed, looking up at the ceiling and seeing my sister’s beautiful face. I realized that night that I had a choice. I could end my life or I could live it. I looked in my sister’s eyes and decided not to go with her just yet. I decided to stay and complete my journey here. I also decided that I would live the life that I absolutely longed for.
I now live in an adorable cottage with an amazing boyfriend. I spend quality time with the rest of my precious family and cherish every moment I have with them. I connect with my heart often to ensure that I am following my joy. I love myself more deeply every day. Not a day goes by when I don’t miss my father’s huge character or my beloved sister’s gentle eyes, but I know that I will be with them one day. What I have now is so precious that I must grasp the joy in every moment I can.
You choose life every day. But do you choose the life that you love every day?
4. What did the author once suffer from?
A. A heart attack. B. A backache.
C. A knee problem. D. A bone cancer.
5. How should the joy in your life be determined according to the passage?
A. By your career. B. By your attitude.
C. By your health. D. By your family.
6. Which of the following can be used to describe the author?
A. Lonely but ambitious. B. Miserable but easy-going.
C. Hopeless but humorous. D. Unlucky but positive.
7. Which can be the best title of the passage?
A. Escape the Fate B. Love Your Life
C. Make a Living D. Remember Every Moment
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者的父亲和姐姐相继离去，给她带来了巨大的打击。但她从痛苦中挣扎过来，对生活有了新的认识，并决心要好好享受生活中的每一点快乐，珍惜生活中的每分每秒。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Then, something was wrong with my knees and I ended up in the hospital myself. (然后，我的膝盖出了问题，我自己也住进了医院。)”可知，作者的膝盖曾经出了问题。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“I realized that night that I had a choice. I could end my life or I could live it. I looked in my sister’s eyes and decided not to go with her just yet. I decided to stay and complete my journey here. I also decided that I would live the life that I absolutely longed for. (那天晚上我意识到我有一个选择。我可以结束我的生命，也可以活下去。我看着姐姐的眼睛，决定暂时不和她一起去。我决定留下来，在这里完成我的旅程。我还决定，我会过上我绝对渴望的生活。)”可知，在作者看来，态度决定生活。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In 2012, I got a call from my family saying that my father’s cancer had fiercely progressed. He died only six months later. My father was a complete inspiration to me. He was always so strong that I honestly thought he would come back to life. I couldn’t believe I would never again hug him. (2012年，我接到家人的电话，说我父亲的癌症病情严重恶化。仅仅六个月后他就去世了。我的父亲给了我很大的启发。他总是那么坚强，我真的以为他会复活的。我不敢相信我再也不能拥抱他了。)”和第三段“Shortly after that, my oldest sister complained of a backache. The doctors discovered that she had highly advanced cancer in her bones and that there was nothing they could do. She died a month later. She was my favorite person in the whole world. I never thought I would have to live without her. I was overcome by the shock and extreme heartbreak. Then, something was wrong with my knees and I ended up in the hospital myself. (不久之后，我的姐姐抱怨背痛。医生发现她骨骼中患有晚期癌症，他们无能为力。一个月后，她去世了。她是全世界我最喜欢的人。我从没想过没有她我会活下去。我被震惊和极度的心碎所压倒。然后，我的膝盖出了问题，我自己也住进了医院。)”可知，作者很不幸。根据第四段“I realized that night that I had a choice. I could end my life or I could live it. I looked in my sister’s eyes and decided not to go with her just yet. I decided to stay and complete my journey here. I also decided that I would live the life that I absolutely longed for. (那天晚上我意识到我有一个选择。我可以结束我的生命，也可以活下去。我看着姐姐的眼睛，决定暂时不和她一起去。我决定留下来，在这里完成我的旅程。我还决定，我会过上我绝对渴望的生活。)”可知，作者在经历过伤痛之后仍然积极乐观地生活。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“You choose life every day. But do you choose the life that you love every day? (你每天都在选择生活。但是你会选择你每天都热爱的生活吗？)”可知，这篇文章作者想要表达的意思是要热爱生活。故选B。
C
Endangered polar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊) creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say.
As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards. And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids (杂交种).
With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats, some scientists guess that they could be here to stay. “Usually, hybrids aren't better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources, ” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science.
The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears' decline: their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years. This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears' ranges, where they outcompete them, but also to polar bears' highly specialized diets.
“Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period, a previous period of rapid warming,” DeSantis said, referring to fat meals such as seals. “Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources, like seabird eggs, it could be a tipping point for their survival.” Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them. This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.
“We're having massive impacts with climate change on species,” DeSantis said. “The polar bear is telling us how bad things are. In some sense, “pizzly” bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends.”
8. Why do polar bears move further south?
A. To create hybrids. B. To expand territory.
C. To relieve hunger. D. To contact grizzlies.
9. What makes “pizzly” bears adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents?
A. Broader habitats. B. More food options.
C. Climate preference. D. Improved breeding ability.
10. What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. A rare chance. B. A critical stage.
C. A positive factor. D. A constant change.
11. What's the main idea of the text?
A. Polar bears are changing diets for climate change.
B. Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change.
C. “Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming.
D. “Pizzly” bears have replaced polar bears for global warming.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards.”（随着世界变暖和北极海冰变薄，饥饿的北极熊被迫越来越向南，在那里它们遇到灰熊，灰熊的活动范围正在向北扩展。）可知北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“'Usually, hybrids aren't better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources, ' Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science.”（范德比尔特大学（Vanderbilt University）生物科学副教授拉里萨·德桑蒂斯（Larisa DeSantis）对《生活科学》（Live Science）说：“通常情况下，杂交种并不比它们的父母更适合它们的环境，但这些杂交种能够寻找更广泛的食物来源。”。）可知更多的食物选择让“小熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选B项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段划线词后文“Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them.”（事实上，他们从这些来源获得的热量并不能抵消他们在寻找这些来源时燃烧的热量。）及下一句“This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.”（这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。）可知，无法找到食物来源，北极熊很可能被灰熊取代，处于生存的关键点。划线句“Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources, like seabird eggs, it could be a tipping point for their survival.”（尽管所有这些饥饿的北极熊都在努力寻找其他食物来源，比如海鸟蛋，但这可能是它们生存的转折点。），be a tipping point“转折点”，相当于A critical stage（关键阶段）。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Endangered polar bears are breeding with grizzly bears , creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say.”（科学家称，受气候变化的驱动，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”。）和倒数第二段“This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.”（这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。）以及文章大意，可知由于全球变暖，“小熊”的数量正在上升。故选C项。
D
Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone, when you look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the same facial expression? It may seem like they have consciously(有意识地) copied you, but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon(变色龙) effect at play.
The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation(模仿) of another person’s gestures or behaviour. Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours, people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth.
The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartran d in 1999. The first part of their experiment included 78 people, who each spoke with an experimenter. During the test, Bargh and Chartrand studied whether participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn’t met before, like moving the foot and touching the face. The second part measured the impact that copying someone has on the person being imitated.
In the first stage, participants increased their face touching by 20% and their foot movement by 50% while in conversation about a photograph with the experimenter. The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for, and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts. The second stage involved half of the participants being copied, and then determining the likeability of the experimenter. The results showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter higher. It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour, we develop more positive feelings about them. These interactions could be a person unconsciously willing to be liked, and forming a moment of connection.
The main reasons behind humans’ imitation are positive. However, when people carry this chameleon effect to the extreme, they can lose their sense of self. Those who change their entire personalities in different groups often go unnoticed. But more common signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice. Next time you are in a social gathering, take a look around and you might just see some chameleons for yourself.
12. Why do people acquire others’ behavior?
A. To grab others’ attention. B. To build a bond with others.
C. To adjust to the surroundings. D. To match the environment’s colour.
13. How did the experimenter ensure participants’ unconscious behaviors?
A. By hiding a camera from them.
B. By keeping a close eye on their actions.
C. By distracting their attention from a photo.
D. By directing their attention to a photo.
14. What can be concluded from the experiment?
A. Too much of the chameleon effect can be positive.
B. People imitating others are not easy to be observed.
C. People tend to appreciate others imitating their behavior.
D. The copied movements help people to feel less anxious.
15. Which of the following reflects the chameleon effect according to the passage?
A. A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage.
B. Close friends share similar behaviors over time.
C. Students adopt teachers’ accents for fun in secret.
D. People change their habits to cheer up others on purpose.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的研究，告诉我们人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离，顺畅互动。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation (模仿) of another person’s gestures or behaviour. Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours, people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth. (变色龙效应是指无意识地模仿他人的手势或行为。就像变色龙试图与任何环境的颜色相匹配一样，人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离，帮助他们顺畅地互动)”可知，人们为了与他人建立联系，会习得他人的行为。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“In the first stage, participants increased their face touching by 20% and their foot movement by 50% while in conversation about a photograph with the experimenter. The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for, and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts. (在第一阶段，参与者在与实验者谈论一张照片时，触摸脸部的次数增加了20%，脚的动作增加了50%。这些人并不知道他们被研究的目的是什么，照片被用来吸引他们的注意力，以确保他们无意识的行为)”可知，实验者用一张照片吸引参与者的注意力来保证他们的无意识行为，故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour, we develop more positive feelings about them. These interactions could be a person unconsciously willing to be liked, and forming a moment of connection. (研究表明，当有人模仿我们的行为时，我们会对他们产生更积极的感觉。这些互动可能是一个人无意识地愿意被喜欢，并形成了一个连接的时刻)”可推断出，实验表明人们倾向于喜欢模仿自己行为的人。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation (模仿) of another person’s gestures or behaviour. Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours, people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth. (变色龙效应是指无意识地模仿他人的手势或行为。就像变色龙试图与任何环境的颜色相匹配一样，人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离，帮助他们顺畅地互动)”可知，随着时间的推移，朋友之间有相似的行为是变色龙行为，是因为他们经常在一起相处无意识的互相模仿。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项为多余选项。
Sports can help contribute to a healthy body and get you close to nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great impact on the environment.
____16____ Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses(球场) in good condition. ____17____ For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held, responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
There are many environment-friendly sports. ____18____ You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, it can also keep you fit. ____19____ Experts say that 20 minutes daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.
Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. ____20____ And best of all, it’s free.
A. It will cost you a lot.
B. Some sports are resource-hungry.
C. This causes major environmental effects.
D. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today.
E. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership.
F. If you walk on a regular basis, it will benefit your heart and bones.
G. More and more people are concerned about environmental protection
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. D 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些影响环境的娱乐项目，以及对环境影响较小的运动项目，最后鼓励人们参加那些环保型，耗费资源少的项目来保护环境。
【16题详解】
下文“Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. (你可能知道，高尔夫不仅会消耗大片的乡村地区，还会消耗大量的水资源。)”以高尔夫这项运动为例来说明有些运动消耗资源，B项“有些运动是资源消耗型的。”符合，引起下文，故选B。
【17题详解】
上文“Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses(球场) in good condition.(此外，各种各样化学药品和巨大的能源被用来保持良好的状态。)”指出各种各样的化学药品和巨大的能源被用来保持良好的状态，空处承接上文，指出这样做的后果，C项“这会对环境造成重大影响。”符合，故选C。
【18题详解】
上文“There are many environment-friendly sports(有许多环保运动)”指出有许多环保运动，空处承接上文，D项“竞走是你今天可以从事的项目之一。”指出竞走是环保运动之一，故选D。
【19题详解】
上文“Simple and free, it can also keep you fit.(简单，免费，它也可以让你保持健康。)”指出竞走的好处，下文“Experts say that 20 minutes daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.(专家说，每天20分钟可以让你感觉不那么焦虑，睡眠良好，并有更好的体重控制。)”指出每天有规律的竞走的好处，F项“如果你经常走路，对你的心脏和骨骼都有好处。”符合，进一步阐述了竞走的好处，同时引起下文，其中“walk on a regular basis”和下文“20 minutes daily ”相呼应，故选F。
【20题详解】
上文“But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. (但最终目标应该是“绿色健身房”。它们是传统健身俱乐部和现代体育中心的更好替代品。绿色健身房的成员在户外、乡村或其他开放空间进行体育运动。)”和下文“And best of all, it’s free.(最棒的是，它是免费的。)”都在说绿色健身房的好处，由此可知，空处也应描述绿色健身房的好处，E项“开始成为会员并没有特别的要求。”符合，故选E。
第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11-year-old, lively and chatty, yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference. Last month, she ____21____ the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention.
What ____22____ Gitanjali’s work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water. “The idea didn’t occur to me ____23____ I saw my parents try to do water tests. The test strips may show inaccurate results, which weren’t very ____24____,” she recalls. She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and ____25____ found that carbon nanotube (纳米管) sensors can be used to sense chemicals. Gitanjali ____26____ to build a small blue hose using the 3D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside. A free app, which Gitanjali designed under ____27____ from her computer science teacher, gives instant results and sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device.
The process of designing her project wasn’t always ____28____, though. Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali ____29____ her teacher in summer, _____30_____ along the way. In the award ceremony, Gitanjali also expressed _____31_____ to her parents for constant support and _____32_____ to try “crazy ideas”. Gitanjali received $25,000 to further develop her program along with the great _____33_____ of winning the contest. According to Shafer, who _____34_____ Gitanjali, “she shows a lot of motivation to solve _____35_____ issues through science”.
21. A. offered B. earned C. designed D. presented
22. A. exposed B. improved C. inspired D. defined
23. A. when B. until C. after D. although
24. A. reliable B. disappointing C. predictable D. unbelievable
25. A. initially B. immediately C. temporarily D. eventually
26. A. pretended B. promised C. managed D. happened
27. A. pressure B. command C. instruction D. control
28. A. rough B. smooth C. complex D. challenging
29. A. as B. to C. from D. after
30. A. applauded B. assisted C. criticised D. followed
31. A. gratitude B. praise C. concern D. apology
32. A. threat B. request C. struggle D. encouragement
33. A. honor B. intention C. potential D. announcement
34. A. keeps up with B. gets along with C. speaks ill of D. thinks much of
35. A. commercial B. academic C. practical D. systematic
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报导了11岁的普通女孩Gitanjali不平凡的故事，她发明出检测水中铅含量的设备，获得探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：上个月，她的发明获得了探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖。A. offered提供；B. earned获得；C. designed设计；D. presented提出。根据下文“Gitanjali received $25,000 to further develop her program along with the great ____13____ of winning the contest.”可知，她的发明获了比赛的最高奖。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：启发Gitanjali创作灵感的是，她所在的城市面临着水铅超标的紧急情况。A. exposed暴露；B. improved改进；C. inspired启发；D. defined定义。根据下文“her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water”可知，她所在的城市面临着水铅超标的紧急情况，因此这种情况启发了Gitanjali的创作灵感，要做出一个东西来解决这个问题。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：直到我看到父母试着做水测试，我才有了这个想法。A. when何时；B. until直到；C. after在……之后；D. although虽然。根据上文“didn’t”和下文“I saw my parents try to do water tests”可推知，until“直到”符合语境，和not搭配构成not… until…的固定结构，意为“直到……才……”，此处表示Gitanjali是直到看到父母试着做水测试，才有了这个想法的。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：试纸可能会显示不准确的结果，这不是很可靠。A. reliable可靠的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. predictable可预测的；D. unbelievable难以置信的。根据上文“The test strips may show inaccurate results”可知，试纸可能显示不准确的结果，因此不是很可靠。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，她不断努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感知化学物质。A. initially最初；B. immediately立即；C. temporarily暂时；D. eventually最终。根据上文“She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts”可知，她不断努力寻找合适的材料，因此是最终才发现了碳纳米管传感器这种合适的材料。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali用学校的3D打印机成功制作了一个蓝色的小软管，里面有电脑芯片和电池。A. pretended假装；B. promised答应；C. managed设法做成；D. happened发生。根据上文Gitanjali的发明获得了比赛的最高奖可推知，她应该是成功制作出了产品，manage to do sth.是固定短语，意为“成功做到……”。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali在她的计算机科学老师的指导下设计了一个免费的应用程序，它可以即时给出结果，并通过一个附加设备将数据发送到一个连接的手机上。A. pressure压力；B. command命令；C. instruction指导；D. control控制。根据下文“her computer science teacher”和常识可推知，Gitanjali这样的11岁的女孩，应该是在计算机科学老师的指导下设计程序。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，设计项目的过程并不总是一帆风顺。A. rough粗糙的；B. smooth顺利的；C. complex复杂的；D. challenging有挑战性的。根据下文“though”可知，此处语义有转折，因此过程应该并不总是一帆风顺的。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：作为Gitanjali暑期的搭档老师，科学家Kathleen Shafer一直在帮助她。A. as作为；B. to到；C. from从；D. after在……之后。根据上文“a scientist”和下文“her teacher in summer”可推知，科学家Kathleen Shafer应该是作为Gitanjali暑期的搭档老师。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家Kathleen Shafer是Gitanjali暑期的搭档老师，她一直在帮助她。A. applauded鼓掌；B. assisted帮助；C. criticised批评；D. followed跟随。根据上文“a scientist paired with Gitanjali ____9____ her teacher in summer”可推知，科学家Kathleen是Gitanjali的搭档老师，因此应该是一直在帮助Gitanjali。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在颁奖典礼上，Gitanjali还感恩了她父母一直支持和鼓励她尝试“疯狂的想法”。A. gratitude感恩；B. praise赞美；C. concern关心；D. apology道歉。根据下文“for constant support and ____12____ to try “crazy ideas””可知，Gitanjali的父母一直支持着她做发明，因此是感恩她的父母。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在颁奖典礼上，Gitanjali还感恩了她的父母一直支持和鼓励她尝试“疯狂的想法”。A. threat威胁；B. request请求；C. struggle奋斗；D. encouragement鼓励。根据上文“constant support”和下文“to try “crazy ideas””可知，encouragement“鼓励”符合语境，表示父母支持Gitanjali，还鼓励她尝试“疯狂的想法”。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali获得了2.5万美元，用于进一步发展她的项目，并获得了赢得比赛的巨大荣誉。A. honor荣誉；B. intention意图；C. potential潜力；D. announcement公告。根据下文“of winning the contest”可推知，应该是除了获得奖金还有赢得了比赛的巨大荣誉。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Shafer给予了Gitanjali高度评价，她说：“她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的极大动力。”A. keeps up with跟上；B. gets along with与……相处融洽；C. speaks ill of说……的坏话；D. thinks much of高度评价。根据下文“she shows a lot of motivation to solve ____15____ issues through science”可推知，Shafer对Gitanjal的评价很高。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Shafer给予了Gitanjali高度评价，她说：“她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的极大动力。”A. commercial商业的；B. academic学术的；C. practical实际的；D. systematic系统的。根据上文“her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water”可知，Gitanjal的发明针对的是水铅超标的问题，因此是解决实际的问题。故选C。
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yuncheng, ____36____(know) as “Hedong”, is one of the birthplace of Chinese civilization. With its rich cultural heritage spanning thousands of years, Yuncheng has become a destination for those interested in ____37____(explore) China’s roots. From the earliest hominid fossils(原始化石) to salt mining techniques, Yuncheng is home ____38____ some of the most significant artifacts(史前古器物) and sites in Chinese history.
The Hedong Salt Lake is one of the oldest salt fields in the world, with ____39____ history of over 4, 600 years. “The Five-Step Salt Production Method”, which ____40____(origin) during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, became a vital technological ____41____(contribute) to the salt industry in China and the world. This technique predates European salt production methods by nearly one thousand years and ____42____(list) as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2021.
____43____(recent), Yuncheng has increased its ____44____(ecology) restoration efforts of “returning salt to the lake”. The salt lake has changed from a mining area to a tourist hot spot, _____45_____ offers visitors a new appearance.
【答案】36. known
37. exploring
38. to 39. a
40. originated
41. contribution
42. was listed
43. Recently
44. ecological
45. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。山西运城，有“河东”之称，是中华文明的发祥地之一。从最早的人类化石到盐矿开采技术，运城是中国历史上一些最重要的文物和遗址的所在地。河东盐湖是世界上最古老的盐场之一，有着四千六百多年的历史。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：运城，有“河东”之称，是中华文明的发祥地之一。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词know和句子主语Yuncheng是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作后置定语。故填known。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：运城拥有跨越数千年的丰富文化遗产，已成为有兴趣探索中国根源的人的目的地。分析句子结构和意思可知，口试名词短语，所以这里需要动名词作介词in的宾语。故填exploring。
【38题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：从最早的人类化石到盐矿开采技术，运城是中国历史上一些最重要的文物和遗址的所在地。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配be home to，意为“为……的所在地”。故填to。
【39题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：河东盐湖是世界上最古老的盐场之一，有着四千六百多年的历史。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要固定搭配a history of，意为“……的历史”。故填a。
【40题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：“五步制盐法”起源于春秋战国时期，是我国乃至世界盐业发展的重要技术性贡献。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要which引导的定语从句的谓语动词，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填originated。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作表语，前面有a，名词用单数。故填contribution。
【42题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：这项技术比欧洲的盐生产方法早了近千年，并于2021年被列为国家非物质文化遗产。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，主语technique和动词list是被动关系，谓语用一般过去时的被动语态结构，系动词用was。故填was listed。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：近年来，运城市加大了“退盐还湖”生态修复力度。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Recently。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：见第8题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作定语，修饰后面的名词efforts。故填ecological。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：盐湖已经从矿区变成了旅游热点，这为游客提供了新的面貌。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
46. I was just ______ ______ ______ really, because I was so angry.(发泄怒火)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. letting ②. off ③. steam
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：我只是在发泄，因为我太生气了。“发泄怒火”是固定短语let off steam，由was可知，句子时态是过去进行时，空格处用现在分词，故填letting，off，steam。
47. We played well, but I felt the team ______ ______ ______ by one member, our point guard.(使……失望)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. were ②. let ③. down
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语，时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：我们打得很好，但是我觉得有一个队员让球队失望了，那就是我们的控球后卫。“使……失望”是let sb. down，team和let down是动宾关系，因此句子用被动语态，由felt可知，句子时态是一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语team此处强调的是全体队员，因此谓语动词用复数，因此空格处是were let down。故填were，let，down。
48. ______ ______ ______ can we justify telling white lies like these?(到……程度)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. To ②. what ③. extent
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语和疑问代词。句意：我们能在多大程度上证明说这些善意谎言是正当的？分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“到……程度”对应的介词短语to...extent，句子是特殊疑问句，表示“什么”的意思用疑问代词what。故填To what extent。
49. ______ ______ ______ ______, there was sky where the roof had been.(突然)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. All ②. of ③. a ④. sudden
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：突然间，屋顶原来的地方出现了天空。“突然”为固定搭配all of a sudden，作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填①All②of③a④sudden。
50. ______ ______ my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.(翻阅，浏览)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. Looking ②. through
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：翻阅报纸时，我被亚洲一场飓风摧毁了一座城镇的照片震惊了。“翻阅，浏览”是固定短语look through，句中谓语是am，空格处用非谓语动词，I和look through之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Looking，through。
51. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have________ ________ the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. (从……获益) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. benefited ②. from
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：今天，非洲16个国家的80多万人受益于清洁、安全的水这一改变生活的礼物。分析句子可知，本句缺谓语，根据汉语提示，表示“从……中受益”用短语benefit from，根据Today和have及语境可知时态采用现在完成时。故填benefited from。
52. He established an office to ______ ______ ______ (记录) the children, and then returned to Britain to find temporary homes for them. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. keep ②. records ③. of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他建立了一个办事处，记录孩子们的信息，然后回到英国为他们寻找寄养家庭。根据汉语提示“记录”以及空前的不定式符号to可知应填keep records of，to keep records of 在句中作目的状语。故填keep records of。
53. Franklin has taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to ______ ______ ______ (证实真相) and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. establish ②. the ③. truth
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和目的状语。句意：富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道，激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。根据汉语提示“证实真相”以及上文in order to可知，此处应填establish the truth作目的状语，establish意为“确定，证实”，truth意为“真相”。故填establish the truth。
54. Those who saw Han Gan's horse paintings all ______ ______ ______ ______ (高度赞扬) his unique skill, saying that his horses “could gallop off the paper”. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. sang ②. high ③. praises ④. for
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：那些看见过韩干画的马的人都为他独特的技艺高度赞扬，说他的马“可以从纸上飞奔而出”。表示“高度赞扬”应用动词短语sing high praises for，结合“saw”可知，此处使用一般过去时。故填①sang；②high；③praises；④for。
55. It is still now known if he ______ ______ ______ the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.(成功到达reach)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. succeeded ②. in ③. reaching
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：现在还不知道他是否在被夺去生命之前成功登顶珠峰。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语succeed in doing“成功做某事”，满足句意要求，表示“到达”为动词reach，此处为动名词形式；结合before引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，所以主句也应该用一般过去时。故填①succeeded；②in；③reaching。
第二节(满分25分)
56. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整故事。词数应为150左右。
“SAI BABA! Sai Baba! Sai Baba! Hahahaha!”
“Today is a big day! We have a celebrity visiting our city! Hahahaha!” Rani’s cheeks burned with embarrassment and tears filled her eyes as she pushed her way to the door of the school bus through the crowd of boys laughing at her. It wasn’t the first time she’d been called Sai Baba after the famous Hindu holy man(印度圣人) with his trademark afro(爆炸式卷发) towering over his head.
But this time had to be the worst. Rani jumped off the school bus, and anger flooded in as she rushed home in the drizzling rain. Why did her hair have to be like a giant cotton candy balloon just when she wanted it to behave? Why? Why? Why? It annoyed Rani as she opened the door.
“Rani, is that you?” Mama called from the family room. Suddenly Rani’s cousins, Amit and Sumit, came running toward her. “How many eggs does Rani have in that ne st on her head?” joked Amit. “Let me get that wig(假发) off Rani’s head!” shouted Sumit. Before she could think, Rani turned around and went out back up the road she’d walked down minutes before. She made her way down a narrow mud path into a clearing(空地). She threw her schoolbag on the ground and breathed hard.
“I hate my hair!” she cried. Throwing herself on the schoolbag, she bitterly remembered the time she’d spent trying to smooth her hair, with no luck. Before long, she fell asleep.
“RANI! RAA-AANI!”
Rani woke up to Mama’s calls. She sounded anxious. “I’ll never go home,” she promised herself. Mama let Amit and Sumit make fun of me. Papa would never have done that. He would listen to me and stand by my side. Before she knew it, the darkness began to fall.
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: Suddenly, someone or something was making its way into the clearing.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: The next moment Papa was sitting beside her.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Suddenly, someone or something was making its way into the clearing. Rani froze. She knew about the dangerous animals——the foxes and snakes and even man-eater leopards——that lurked in the lush jungles. A shiver went down her spine. Hugging herself close, she crouched lower, not daring to move a muscle. Tiny night bugs bit into her soft flesh and hunger pangs wracked her belly. Rani was tortured by such a disastrous day! She held her breath as the rustling grew louder, her eyes scanning the bushes frantically. Suddenly, the thick leaves parted, and a dark form stepped into the clearing. Rani’s heart leaping with fear, she opened her mouth to scream.
The next moment Papa was sitting beside her. Relief and joy flooded through Rani. She flung her arms around Papa and clung to him. “Rani! What’s wrong?” a visibly relieved Papa asked. Rani hesitated at first but then broke down in tears, “I hate my hair!” She poured out everything about teasing. “And that’s not all,” Rani sobbed. “Mama even let Amit and Sumit get away with it.” Papa sighed, stroked her disheveled hair and planted a soft kiss on her forehead. “I know it’s tough being teased by those kids, but you can’t let it get to you. Look, you are beautiful just the way you are!” Papa said soothingly. Together, they sat in silence for a while, until Rani’s tears dried up and she felt ready to face the world again.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为中心展开，主要讲述小女孩Rani因为她的头发，经常被人欺负笑话。有一天终于忍无可忍，被嘲笑后，她逃到一个隐蔽的地方躲避并思考自己的问题。最终，在父亲的帮助下，她对自己有了全新的认识，走出了心理的“困境”。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，有人或什么东西进入了空地。”可知，第一段可描写具体是什么出现了。
②由第二段首句内容“下一刻，爸爸就坐在她身边。”可知，第二段可描写爸爸帮助Rani走出了心理的“困境”。
2.续写线索：害怕——躲藏——无助——爸爸出现——交流——走出阴影
3.词汇激活
行为类
①躲藏：lurk/hide
②折磨：torture/torment
情绪类
①疯狂地：frantically/madly
②高兴：joy/happiness
【点睛】【高分句型1】She knew about the dangerous animals——the foxes and snakes and even man-eater leopards——that lurked in the lush jungles.（由that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】She held her breath as the rustling grew louder, her eyes scanning the bushes frantically.（由as引导的时间状语从句和独立主格结构）
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