四川省成都市2022-2023学年高三下学期第二次诊断考试英语试题（含解析）

这是一份四川省成都市2022-2023学年高三下学期第二次诊断考试英语试题（含解析），共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，图表作文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
四川省成都市2022-2023学年高三下学期第二次诊断考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
How do you decide which charities to support? If a charity receives a high ranking, it must be effective at meeting its mission. Therefore, we pick some international charities that rank A+ in terms of financial health, accountability, and transparency.
International Children’s Fund
The mission of the International Children’s Fund (ICF) is to come to the aid of needy children worldwide since 1987. This charity distributes life-saving food, clothing, and medicine and it supports the construction of orphanages, schools, churches and vocational training centers across the African continent. ICF uses an impressive 99.7 percent of its funding for projects.
Direct Relief
With a history of over 7 decades, Direct Relief (DR) is a humanitarian organization with a mission to improve the health and lives of people affected by poverty and emergencies. DR’s assistance programs focus on emergency preparedness and disaster relief, disease prevention and treatment of the most vulnerable populations. DR uses a 99.4 percent of its funding for programs.
MAP International
Since its foundation in 1954, MAP has served millions of people. Its mission is to provide medicines and health supplies to those in need around the world so they might experience life to the fullest. At present, MAP is responding to recent emergencies that include areas hit by earthquakes or hurricanes, as well as helping refugees. Contributions go a long way here; a $25 donation provides $1,500 of medicine. A notable 99 percent of its funding is used for aid programs.
Books for Africa
Books for Africa organization collects, sorts, ships and distributes books that are donated by publishers, schools, libraries, organizations, and individuals. Volunteers choose books that are age and subject appropriate. Enough books for entire classes are sent. To date, 41 million books have been distributed to once-empty libraries and rural schools in every African country. This organization, founded 35 years ago, also uses 99 percent of its funding for its missions.
1．What does MAP focus on?
A．Building schools.
B．Improving people’s fitness.
C．Preventing natural disasters.
D．Supplying studying materials.
2．Which charity has the longest history?
A．Direct Relief.
B．Books for Africa.
C．MAP International.
D．International Children’s Fund.
3．What do the listed charities have in common?
A．The people who founded them.
B．The region they offer help to.
C．The organization that sponsors them.
D．The reputation they enjoy worldwide.

Chinese ink paintings once were on the edge of being forgotten-at least according to a paper of Li Xiaoshan, a postgraduate art student.
At the time, many Chinese painting professionals passed away without finding younger artists to fill their shoes. Young artists were left on their own to find breakthroughs and define themselves as artists. While extremely exaggerated (夸张), Li’s comment sent shock waves through the Chinese painting community. Since then, many experimental painters have taken to their studios in China, creating many astonishing and inspirational ink paintings using new methods and concepts, marking an important step for the development of contemporary Chinese paintings.
Shao Ge is a representative of this new form. Born to an ordinary family in Beijing in 1962, Shao was keen on traditional Chinese paintings. As a child, he spent much of his time staring at the ink masterpieces in the Palace Museum. There was an elder neighbor, who was good at Chinese painting and calligraphy. In his spare time, the kind elder talked about traditional Chinese culture to young Shao. Some years later, Shao decided to study painting after graduating from high school. After graduating in the Beijing Arts and Crafts School in 1978, Shao was sent to work at a small crafts factory. Before long, the factory went bankrupt. Shao later passed an exam and became a painter for RongBao Zhai, a famous Chinese art gallery established in 1672.This career jump allowed Shao to springboard into a lifetime of ink paintings.
“At first, I just drew everything-landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, and fish,” Shao said. “But I soon found sticking to traditional thoughts and skills of Chinese paintings would be a brake on my development as a professional painter. For this reason, I decided to innovate my own style.”
4．What do the underlined words “fill their shoes” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Calm them down.
B．Ask them for help.
C．Focus on themselves.
D．Take over their roles.
5．What does Paragraph 3 mainly introduce about Shao Ge?
A．His journey to art.
B．His family background.
C．His neighbor’s influence.
D．His passion for learning.
6．What will be probably talked about in the next paragraph?
A．People’s view of Shao’s painting.
B．Shao’s impact on Chinese painting.
C．The development of traditional painting.
D．Shao’s successful experiment in painting.
7．In which column of a newspaper can this text probably be found?
A．Fashion. B．Feature. C．Education. D．Literature.

Some Italian architects have completed the first 3D-printed home made from clay recently. It is called TECLA, which comes from “technology” and “clay”.
Its founder, Mario Cucinella, points out that building homes from earth is not new. Adobe-made from a mix of earth, water and organic material-is one of the world’s earliest construction materials, known for its firmness, and bio-degradability. He hopes that its design can become a practical option to house people who lack adequate housing due to financial issues.
Over the past few years, many 3D-printed homes and communities have been conceptualized, promising low construction costs. But while previous structures were built using concrete or plastic, TECLA was mainly built from soil at the site mixed with water and fibers from rice husks. Cucinella believes this approach can be adopted in different parts of the world, using whatever local materials are available, and could be particularly helpful in remote areas, where industrial construction materials are harder to come by.
Printing with clay has its drawbacks. It’s a much slower process than quick-drying concrete 3D-printed homes and all-clay skyscrapers are not likely in the future. However, the use of available soil and the program’s ease of construction mean that TECLA could be well-suited to provide housing in many different countries. It is estimated that by 2030, 3 billion people will require access to accessible and affordable residences. “You can build this kind of house in many more places when you are not dependent on some specific product,” Cucinella explained.
TECLA has drawn wide attention. “I’m not in the position to say this will be the future of all houses on the planet, “Russo, another 3D-printing architect said. However, he added, “I think this revolution of 3D printing is to give people a degree of freedom in how to do things, without being connected to a big, professional industry.”
8．What’s the purpose of TECLA?
A．To make 3D-printed homes firmer.
B．To assist in solving housing issues.
C．To provide alternatives for house buyers.
D．To help the poor through financial difficulty.
9．What can we learn about the construction of TECLA?
A．It’s quite expensive.
B．It takes a shorter time.
C．It’s a demanding process.
D．It’s flexible in material selection.
10．What is Russo’s attitude to TECLA?
A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Tolerant.
11．What’s the text mainly about?
A．A design that can replace the previous patterns.
B．A technology that takes the lead in architecture.
C．A structure where tradition meets new technology.
D．A trend where technology is coupled with architecture.

In 2007 a team led by Stefan Rahmstorf compared actual observations with predictions made by theoretical models for three key climate indicators: carbon dioxide, global temperature and sea-level rise. While the predictions got CO2 levels right, they were low for real temperature and sea-level rise.
Climate scientists have a surprising habit: They often underestimate the climate threat. The articles reporting the underestimates have been widely cited, so one might think that scientists have taken corrective steps. But recent studies of Arctic warming suggest that the problem may not have gone away. As polar ice melts because of global warming, the Arctic Ocean absorbs more heat, which causes the Arctic to warm even more. It should surprise no one that the area is warming fast. Yet scientists have been caught off-guard by just how fast the region is heating up.
In 2013, a paper was published pointing out that these underestimates represent subconscious bias (偏向) caused by defensiveness. Scientists tended toward lower and misleading prediction because they did not want to be accused of making dramatic and overstressed claims. Even now scientists continue to be accused of overestimating climate risks by worrying figures which get much media attention, thus biasing their models to be unrealistically conservative.
If scientists have underestimated Arctic warming, they have likely minimized amounts of permafrost (永久冻土) melting and methane (甲烷) release as well. And that could be truly dire because the permafrost holds about 1.5 billion tons of organic carbon, twice as much as now in the atmosphere. Were that carbon to be rapidly released, it could cause a picture: a runaway greenhouse effect. Whatever the cause, it’s time that scientists looked seriously at whether their measuring models continue to underestimate critical aspects of the climate problem. Low estimates can create the false impression that we have more time to fix the problem than we actually do.
12．Why is Rahmstorf’s research in Paragraph 1 mentioned?
A．To highlight the urgency in global warming.
B．To show the inaccuracy of climate predictions.
C．To state the importance of precise measurement.
D．To express the difficulty in making right policies.
13．Why do climate scientists always underestimate climate threats?
A．They are misled by the statistics.
B．Their reports have been widely cited.
C．They want to avoid blame for causing anxiety.
D．They aim to defend themselves from fake information.
14．What does the underlined word “dire” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Disastrous. B．Confusing. C．Impressive. D．Discouraging.
15．What’s the best title of this text?
A．The Arctic Ocean Is Calling for Help
B．Climate Scientists Are Under Fire
C．The Warming Pace Is Underestimated
D．Climate Predictions Prove Correct


二、七选五
Push yourselves beyond the limits
Limits are blocks between you and your success. You will face great resistance when attempting to break through the limits. It could be fear, lack of confidence, physical disabilities, and mental block. If you desire a life of success, you must face the resistance and push yourself beyond the limits. 16 Here are tips for you to succeed.
17 Don’t wait for external motivation to make the first move. Discover your inner motivation! It could be a motivational video, articles, TED Talks, or quotes. Ensure it is something that fills you with passion and drive to get things done. Inspiration can push you forward.
Take on a little more than you think you can. Pushing past your limits means taking on newer, harder challenges. If you’re not challenging yourself to do bigger and better things regularly, you’re only working within what you already can do. 18
Work on your goals a little each day. Chances are great that you need to build your empire brick by brick. That takes time and regular effort. 19 That is, there is not a day that you don’t work on your big goals, at least a little bit. It can be fifteen minutes dedicated to doing one small thing that will get you closer to that big thing you want to accomplish.
Find someone who supports you and encourages you to keep going. 20 Having someone to support you can balance out the impact of any negative thinking that may limit you. It could be a life coach, friend, parent, or your wife or husband. They can help you make the push you need to get out of your comfort zone.
A．Inspire yourself.
B．Rome wasn’t built in a day.
C．Discover where your passion lies.
D．A bit of assistance means much in facing resistance.
E．One good way is to adopt the approach of “No Zero Days”.
F．Failure to do so will make your goals and dreams unrealizable.
G．That’s a way to stay exactly where you are and make little or no progress.


三、完形填空
“The silence is killing me,” I thought as I locked my phone, hoping a new message would light up the screen. After 27 messages, two phone calls and a voicemail, I’d just sent my final text to the person who 21 to be my best friend at college.
The two of us met freshman year and, since we 22 almost all the same core classes, rapidly became inseparable throughout college. We 23 stayed up together for studying, and were each other’s partner for late-night pizza runs. Then one day after graduation, she suddenly 24 responding, apart from claiming she “didn’t have enough time for herself”. That breakup was the most 25 I’d experienced. After four years of building such a 26 relationship, I thought I’d at least receive a(an) 27 for why she wanted to end things. 28 , I received only a brief, indirect message about self-care and-what hurt me most-a(an) 29 .
Over the past few years, the concept of “drawing boundaries” has 30 in the pop psychology. Discussions of cutting people off and protecting your energy 31 dominate social media. And after nearly three years in 32 , the ways the Covid-19 pandemic has 33 many of us to reevaluate our relationships with others show up everywhere in pop culture.
The 34 of self-care are fairly obvious: by prioritizing our own well-being, we’re able to engage in emotional healing, build confidence, 35 anxiety and simply rest. However, an extreme focus on self-care can lead to a(an) 36 perspective of the world in which we always put ourselves first, even when we’re in the wrong. This doesn’t just 37 us-it can have real, painful consequences for the people around us.
Sometimes it can feel 38 for us to remove ourselves from conflict or discomfort under the mask of 39 . However, walking away from these relationships without a real conversation actually 40 us and our loved ones of an opportunity for growth.
21．A．tried B．used C．happened D．promised
22．A．signed up for B．looked forward to C．took advantage of D．kept up with
23．A．occasionally B．barely C．routinely D．finally
24．A．suggested B．regretted C．delayed D．stopped
25．A．unforgettable B．special C．boring D．painful
26．A．fragile B．romantic C．close D．formal
27．A．comment B．explanation C．apology D．complaint
28．A．Otherwise B．Instead C．Meanwhile D．Therefore
29．A．letter B．excuse C．experience D．silence
30．A．exploded B．disappeared C．survived D．changed
31．A．hardly B．permanently C．accidentally D．consistently
32．A．harmony B．charge C．separation D．competition
33．A．caused B．required C．persuaded D．expected
34．A．effects B．benefits C．origins D．characteristics
35．A．reduce B．express C．create D．share
36．A．open-minded B．objective C．conservative D．twisted
37．A．disturb B．impress C．hurt D．support
38．A．easier B．cooler C．calmer D．warmer
39．A．co-operation B．guidance C．self-care D．friendship
40．A．reminds B．robs C．convinces D．warns


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Galactic Energy launched five satellites into orbit on Monday, boosting the private firm’s ambition to become the Chinese 41 (compete) to SpaceX. Galactic Energy’s Ceres-1 rocket lifted off Monday from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China, sending five satellites into their 42 (intend) orbits. The mission marks the fifth launch of the Ceres-1 rocket-a small solid fuel orbital rocket designed 43 the company. So far, 19 satellites 44 (put) into space, setting a record for a private Chinese firm.
Galactic Energy conducted the first Ceres-1 launch on November 7, 2020, 45 makes it the second Chinese private company to launch a satellite into low Earth orbit successfully.
Some Chinese satellite launch providers 46 (current) are using small solid fuel rockets like Cerebrum others 47 (develop) or testing reusable liquid fuel rocket engines.
China’s commercial space industry has expanded rapidly since 2015, when the government began encouraging private companies 48 (enter) the space sector. Over the past few years, more than 170 private firms have entered the space industry, according to a 2020 research report by Future Space Research, 49 research institute based in Beijing.
The 50 (success) launch by the Chinese startup came on the same day that Virgin Orbit suffered failure on its first rocket launch from the United Kingdom.


五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The meaning of life differ from person to person, but we have different life purposes in each stage of life. For each goal, the important thing is to give you encouragement to get up in the morning and fight against what we want. We had seen people who handle many tough situation with motivation. Although we share same biological structures, which sets us apart from these people is determination. Being determined to achieve something and overcame all difficulties will help us find our purposes in each stage of life. Actually, if we can not find a purpose, we’ll not only bear our suffering, but also see it as a blessing.

六、图表作文
52．你校英文报正在开展以“Discovering Good Books”为题的讨论，请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.描述发现好书的方式；
2.简单评论；
3.你的情况。
How do you usually discover the books you read?

注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Discovering Good Books
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些在财务健康、责任和透明度方面排名A+的国际慈善机构。
1．细节理解题。根据MAP International中的“Its mission is to provide medicines and health supplies to those in need around the world so they might experience life to the fullest.(它的使命是为世界各地有需要的人提供药品和卫生用品，使他们能够充分体验生活。)”可知，MAP的重点是改善人们的健康。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据International Children’s Fund中的“The mission of the International Children’s Fund (ICF) is to come to the aid of needy children worldwide since 1987. (自1987年以来，国际儿童基金会(ICF)的使命是帮助世界各地的贫困儿童。自1987年以来，国际儿童基金会(ICF)的使命是帮助世界各地的贫困儿童。)”、Direct Relief中的“With a history of over 7 decades, Direct Relief (DR) is a humanitarian organization with a mission to improve the health and lives of people affected by poverty and emergencies.(直接救济(DR)是一个具有70多年历史的人道主义组织，其使命是改善受贫困和紧急情况影响的人们的健康和生活。)”、MAP International中的“Since its foundation in 1954, MAP has served millions of people. (自1954年成立以来，MAP已经服务了数百万人。)”和Books for Africa 中的“This organization, founded 35 years ago, also uses 99 percent of its funding for its missions. (这个成立于35年前的组织还将99%的资金用于其使命。)”可知，慈善机构Direct Relief历史最悠久。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Therefore, we pick some international charities that rank A+ in terms of financial health, accountability, and transparency.(因此，我们挑选了一些在财务健康、责任和透明度方面排名A+的国际慈善机构。)”可推断，列出的慈善机构共同之处在于它们在世界范围内享有的声誉。故选D。
4．D 5．A 6．D 7．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国当代实验水墨家代表人物——邵戈，介绍了其成名过程以及艺术特色。
4．词句猜测题。根据划线短语上一句“At the time, many Chinese painting professionals passed away (当时，许多中国画专业人士去世了)”可知，老一辈的国画家去世了；而根据划线短语下一句“Young artists were left on their own to find breakthroughs (年轻的艺术家们只能靠自己去寻找突破)”可知，年轻的艺术家们只有靠自己去突破，由此判断，老一辈国画家去世后，年轻的艺术家们还未具有取代他们的地位的能力。所以fill their shoes为“接管他们的角色；取代他们的地位”之意。故选D。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Shao Ge is a representative of this new form.  Born to an ordinary family in Beijing in 1962, Shao was keen on traditional Chinese paintings. As a child, he spent much of his time staring at the ink masterpieces in the Palace Museum. There was an elder neighbor, who was good at Chinese painting and calligraphy. In his spare time, the kind elder talked about traditional Chinese culture to young Shao. Some years later, Shao decided to study painting after graduating from high school. After graduating in the Beijing Arts and Crafts School in 1978, Shao was sent to work at a small crafts factory.  Before long, the factory went bankrupt. Shao later passed an exam and became a painter for RongBao Zhai, a famous Chinese art gallery established in 1672. This career jump allowed Shao to springboard into a lifetime of ink paintings. (邵戈就是这种新形式的代表。邵戈1962年出生于北京的一个普通家庭，他热衷于中国画。作为一个孩子，他花了很多时间盯着故宫博物院的水墨杰作。有一个年长的邻居，他擅长中国画和书法。闲暇时，这位慈祥的老人给小邵讲起了中国传统文化。若干年后，邵戈高中毕业后决定学习绘画。1978年，邵戈从北京工艺美术学校毕业后，被送到一家小工艺品厂工作。不久，这家工厂就破产了。邵戈后来通过考试，成为了1672年成立的中国著名美术馆荣宝斋的画家。这一事业上的飞跃让邵戈走上了水墨画的道路。)”可知，本段主要介绍了邵戈追求艺术的道路。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““At first, I just drew everything-landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, and fish,” Shao said. “But I soon found sticking to traditional thoughts and skills of Chinese paintings would be a brake on my development as a professional painter. For this reason, I decided to innovate my own style.” (“一开始，我什么都画——风景、人物、花鸟和鱼，”邵说。“但我很快发现，坚持中国画的传统思想和技巧会阻碍我成为一名职业画家。因此，我决定创新自己的风格。”)”可知，下文将讲述邵戈如何开始走上实验水墨画的道路并取得成功。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Shao Ge is a representative of this new form.  Born to an ordinary family in Beijing in 1962, Shao was keen on traditional Chinese paintings. As a child, he spent much of his time staring at the ink masterpieces in the Palace Museum. There was an elder neighbor, who was good at Chinese painting and calligraphy. In his spare time, the kind elder talked about traditional Chinese culture to young Shao. Some years later, Shao decided to study painting after graduating from high school. After graduating in the Beijing Arts and Crafts School in 1978, Shao was sent to work at a small crafts factory.  Before long, the factory went bankrupt. Shao later passed an exam and became a painter for RongBao Zhai, a famous Chinese art gallery established in 1672. This career jump allowed Shao to springboard into a lifetime of ink paintings. (邵戈就是这种新形式的代表。邵戈1962年出生于北京的一个普通家庭，他热衷于中国画。作为一个孩子，他花了很多时间盯着故宫博物院的水墨杰作。有一个年长的邻居，他擅长中国画和书法。闲暇时，这位慈祥的老人给小邵讲起了中国传统文化。若干年后，邵戈高中毕业后决定学习绘画。1978年，邵戈从北京工艺美术学校毕业后，被送到一家小工艺品厂工作。不久，这家工厂就破产了。邵戈后来通过考试，成为了1672年成立的中国著名美术馆荣宝斋的画家。这一事业上的飞跃让邵戈走上了水墨画的道路。)”可知，本文主要介绍了中国实验水墨家代表人邵戈，所以这篇文章会出现在人物介绍专栏。故选B。
8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了首个由黏土制成的3D打印房屋。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“He hopes that its design can become a practical option to house people who lack adequate housing due to financial issues.(他希望它的设计可以成为一个实际的选择，为那些由于经济问题而缺乏足够住房的人提供住房。)”可知，TECLA的设计意图是为了帮助那些有经济问题的人解决住房问题。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But while previous structures were built using concrete or plastic, TECLA was mainly built from soil at the site mixed with water and fibers from rice husks.  Cucinella believes this approach can be adopted in different parts of the world, using whatever local materials are available, and could be particularly helpful in remote areas, where industrial construction materials are harder to come by.(但是，虽然以前的结构是用混凝土或塑料建造的，TECLA主要是用现场的土壤与水和稻壳纤维混合建造的。Cucinella认为，这种方法可以在世界不同的地方采用，使用任何当地可用的材料，在工业建筑材料更难获得的偏远地区尤其有用。)”可知，TECLA的建造在选材上更为灵活。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, he added, “I think this revolution of 3D printing is to give people a degree of freedom in how to do things, without being connected to a big, professional industry.”(然而，他补充说：“我认为3D打印的这场革命让人们在如何做事方面有了一定程度的自由，而无需与大型专业行业联系在一起。”)”可知，Russo对TECLA的态度是支持的。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Some Italian architects have completed the first 3D-printed home made from clay recently. It is called TECLA, which comes from “technology” and “clay”.(近日，一些意大利建筑师完成了首个由粘土制成的3D打印房屋。它被称为TECLA，由“技术”和“粘土”组成。)”以及第二段“Adobe-made from a mix of earth, water and organic material-is one of the world’s earliest construction materials, known for its firmness, and bio-degradability. (Adobe是由土、水和有机材料混合制成的，是世界上最早的建筑材料之一，以其坚固性和可生物降解性而闻名。)”可知，本文主要介绍了世界上首个由黏土制成的3D打印房屋，土、水和有机材料是世界上最古老的建筑材料之一，加上最新的技术，形成了新型建筑。故选C。
12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了研究表明，全球变暖的速度被低估了，而这会给人类带来可怕的后果。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In 2007 a team led by Stefan Rahmstorf compared actual observations with predictions made by theoretical models for three key climate indicators: carbon dioxide, global temperature and sea-level rise. While the predictions got CO2 levels right, they were low for real temperature and sea-level rise.( 2007年，Stefan Rahmstorf领导的一个研究小组对三个关键气候指标(二氧化碳、全球温度和海平面上升)的实际观测结果与理论模型的预测结果进行了比较。虽然预测的二氧化碳水平是正确的，但与实际温度和海平面上升相比，这些预测都很低。)”可知，第一段提到Rahmstorf的研究结果是为了表明气候学家对于气候预测的不精准。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Scientists tended toward lower and misleading prediction because they did not want to be accused of making dramatic and overstressed claims.(科学家倾向于做出更低的、误导性的预测，因为他们不想被指责做出夸张的、过度强调的断言。)”可知，科学家们低估气候威胁是为了不想被指责造成了恐慌。故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“because the permafrost holds about 1.5 billion tons of organic carbon, twice as much as now in the atmosphere.(因为永久冻土含有大约15亿吨有机碳，是现在大气中有机碳含量的两倍。)”可知，如果放任这种情况的发展，导致北极冻土融化和甲烷的释放，后果是恐怖的。选项A“Disastrous (灾难性的)”；选项B“Confusing (令人困惑的)”；选项C“Impressive (令人印象深刻的)”；选项D“Discouraging (令人沮丧的)”。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In 2007 a team led by Stefan Rahmstorf compared actual observations with predictions made by theoretical models for three key climate indicators: carbon dioxide, global temperature and sea-level rise. While the predictions got CO2 levels right, they were low for real temperature and sea-level rise.( 2007年，Stefan Rahmstorf领导的一个研究小组对三个关键气候指标(二氧化碳、全球温度和海平面上升)的实际观测结果与理论模型的预测结果进行了比较。虽然预测的二氧化碳水平是正确的，但与实际温度和海平面上升相比，这些预测都很低。)”以及第二段“As polar ice melts because of global warming, the Arctic Ocean absorbs more heat, which causes the Arctic to warm even more. It should surprise no one that the area is warming fast. Yet scientists have been caught off-guard by just how fast the region is heating up.(由于全球变暖，极地冰融化，北冰洋吸收了更多的热量，这导致北极更加温暖。该地区正在快速变暖，这应该不足为奇。然而，科学家们对该地区升温的速度感到措手不及。)”及全文可知，文章主要讲述的是全球变暖速度被低估了。故选C。
16．F 17．A 18．G 19．E 20．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法能够帮助读者超越自己的极限，并最终取得成功。
16．根据空前“If you desire a life of success, you must face the resistance and push yourself beyond the limits.(如果你渴望成功的生活，你必须面对阻力，推动自己超越极限。)”可知，如果想要成功，一个人就得超越极限。选项F“Failure to do so will make your goals and dreams unrealizable.(如果做不到这一点，你的目标和梦想就无法实现。)”与上文内容一致，也就是说一个人只有超越极限才能成功。故选F。
17．空处为段首句，为本段主旨句。根据下文“Don’t wait for external motivation to make the first move.  Discover your inner motivation!  It could be a motivational video, articles, TED Talks, or quotes.  Ensure it is something that fills you with passion and drive to get things done.  Inspiration can push you forward. (不要等到外界的激励，才主动出击。发现你内心的动力！可以是励志视频、文章、TED演讲或名言。确保它能让你充满激情，有动力把事情做好。灵感可以推动你前进。)”可知，本段主要建议读者要激励自己，以获得成功。选项A“Inspire yourself.(激励自己。)”与下文内容一致，可以作为主旨句。故选A。
18．根据上文“Pushing past your limits means taking on newer, harder challenges. If you’re not challenging yourself to do bigger and better things regularly, you’re only working within what you already can do.(突破自己的极限意味着接受更新、更难的挑战。如果你不经常挑战自己去做更大更好的事情，你只是在你已经能做的范围内工作。)”可知，上文指出不挑战自己做更大更好的事情，你就不会有进步。选项G“That’s a way to stay exactly where you are and make little or no progress.(这是一种原地踏步，几乎没有进步的方法。)”是对上文内容的总结。故选G。
19．根据下文“That is, there is not a day that you don’t work on your big goals, at least a little bit. It can be fifteen minutes dedicated to doing one small thing that will get you closer to that big thing you want to accomplish.(也就是说，没有一天你不为你的大目标而努力，至少是一点点。你可以花15分钟做一件小事，让你更接近你想要完成的大事情。)”可知，空处指的是每天都要努力，哪怕只是一点点。选项E“One good way is to adopt the approach of “No Zero Days”.(一个好方法是采用“无零日”的方法。)”与下文内容一致，建议读者每天都要努力。故选E。
20．根据下文“Having someone to support you can balance out the impact of any negative thinking that may limit you. It could be a life coach, friend, parent, or your wife or husband. They can help you make the push you need to get out of your comfort zone.(有人支持你可以抵消任何可能限制你的消极思想的影响。可以是人生导师，朋友，父母，或者你的妻子或丈夫。他们可以帮助你走出你的舒适区。)”可知，作者认为在面对困难时，如果身边有人帮助你，你将会更好地前进。选项D“A bit of assistance means much in facing resistance.(在面对阻力时，一点帮助很重要。)”与下文内容一致。故选D。

21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．B 29．D 30．A 31．D 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．A 36．D 37．C 38．A 39．C 40．B

【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在大学毕业后失去亲密朋友的经历，并反思了大众心理学中划定界限和优先考虑自我照顾的趋势。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在发了27条短信、打了两个电话和发了一条语音邮件后，我刚刚给曾经是我大学时最好的朋友发了最后一条短信。A. tried试图；B. used使用；C. happened发生；D. promised答应。used to过去；曾经。根据“The two of us met freshman year and, since we ____2____ almost all the same core classes, rapidly became inseparable throughout college.”及下文可知，作者给过去是大学时最好的朋友发短信。故选B。
22．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们俩是大一时认识的，因为我们几乎报了相同的核心课程，所以在整个大学期间很快就形影不离。A. signed up for登记报名；B. looked forward to期望；C. took advantage of利用；D. kept up with跟上。根据“almost all the same core classes,”可知，作者和最好的大学朋友报了相同的课程。故选A。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们经常一起熬夜学习，晚上一起去买披萨。A. occasionally偶尔地；B. barely几乎不；C. routinely日常地；通常地；D. finally最终。根据“and were each other’s partner for late-night pizza runs.”可知，作者和最好的大学朋友经常一起熬夜学习，晚上一起去买披萨。故选C。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕业后的某一天，她突然不再回应，只是说她“没有足够的时间留给自己”。A. suggested建议；B. regretted遗憾；C. delayed延迟；D. stopped停止。根据“apart from claiming she “didn’t have enough time for herself”.”可知，最好的大学朋友不再回应作者了。故选D。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那次分手是我经历过的最痛苦的一次。A. unforgettable难忘的；B. special特殊的；C. boring令人厌烦的；D. painful痛苦的。根据“That breakup”和常识可知，最好的朋友与作者分手，作者是痛苦的。故选D。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在建立了四年如此亲密的关系之后，我想我至少会得到一个解释，为什么她想结束这段关系。A. fragile易碎的；B. romantic浪漫的；C. close亲密的；D. formal正式的。根据“The two of us met freshman year and, since we ____2____ almost all the same core classes, rapidly became inseparable throughout college. We ____3____ stayed up together for studying, and were each other’s partner for late-night pizza runs.”可知，作者与最好的大学朋友关系密切。故选C。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在建立了四年如此亲密的关系之后，我想我至少会得到一个解释，为什么她想结束这段关系。A. comment评论；B. explanation解释；C. apology道歉；D. complaint抱怨。根据“for why she wanted to end things.”可知，最好的大学朋友与作者分手，作者想得到一个解释。故选B。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我只收到了关于自我照顾的简短而间接的信息，以及最伤害我的东西——沉默。A. Otherwise否则；B. Instead相反；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Therefore因此。根据“After four years of building such a ____6____ relationship, I thought I’d at least receive a(an) ____7____ for why she wanted to end things.”可知，作者想得到一个解释，相反，作者只收到简短而间接的信息以及沉默。故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，我只收到了关于自我照顾的简短而间接的信息，以及最伤害我的东西——沉默。A. letter信；B. excuse借口；C. experience经验；D. silence沉默。根据文章首句“The silence is killing me,”可知，作者最讨厌的是沉默。故选D。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几年里，“划定界限”的概念在流行心理学中爆发了。A. exploded爆发；B. disappeared消失；C. survived幸存；D. changed改变。根据“Discussions of cutting people off and protecting your energy____11____ dominate social media. And after nearly three years in ____12____, the ways the Covid-19 pandemic has ____13____ many of us to reevaluate our relationships with others show up everywhere in pop culture.”可知，“划定界限”的概念在流行心理学中爆发了。故选A。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体上一直充斥着与人隔绝、保护自己精力的讨论。A. hardly几乎不；B. permanently永久地；C. accidentally偶然地；D. consistently一致地；始终如一地。根据“Discussions of cutting people off and protecting your energy”可知，与人隔绝、保护自己精力的讨论始终如一地充斥在社交媒体上。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在分开近三年之后，新冠肺炎大流行让我们许多人重新评估与他人的关系，这种方式在流行文化中随处可见。A. harmony和谐；B. charge责任；C. separation分开；D. competition竞争。根据“the ways the Covid-19 pandemic has ____13____ many of us to reevaluate our relationships with others show up everywhere in pop culture.”可知，新冠肺炎大流行让人与人之间分开。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在分开近三年之后，新冠肺炎大流行让我们许多人重新评估与他人的关系，这种方式在流行文化中随处可见。A. caused引起；B. required要求；C. persuaded劝服；D. expected期望。cause sb. to do sth.使某人做某事。根据“the ways the Covid-19 pandemic”可知，新冠肺炎大流行让我们许多人重新评估与他人的关系。故选A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自我照顾的好处是相当明显的：通过优先考虑我们自己的幸福，我们能够进行情绪治疗，建立信心，减少焦虑和简单的休息。A. effects效果；B. benefits利益；好处；C. origins起源；D. characteristics特点。根据“by prioritizing our own well-being, we’re able to engage in emotional healing, build confidence, ____15____ anxiety and simply rest.”可知，这里介绍：自我照顾的好处。故选B。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自我照顾的好处是相当明显的：通过优先考虑我们自己的幸福，我们能够进行情绪治疗，建立信心，减少焦虑和简单的休息。A. reduce减少；B. express表达；C. create创造；D. share分享。根据“we’re able to engage in emotional healing, build confidence,”可知，通过优先考虑我们自己可以减少焦虑。故选A。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，过分关注自我照顾会导致对世界的扭曲看法，我们总是把自己放在第一位，即使我们错了。A. open-minded思想开明的；B. objective客观的；C. conservative保守的；D. twisted扭曲的。根据“the world in which we always put ourselves first, even when we’re in the wrong.”可知，这种看法是扭曲的。故选D。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不仅会伤害到我们自己，还会给我们周围的人带来真正痛苦的后果。 A. disturb打扰；B. impress影响；C. hurt受伤；D. support支持。根据“it can have real, painful consequences for the people around us.”可知，这种扭曲看法仅会伤害到我们自己。故选C。
38．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：有时，在自我照顾的面具下，我们更容易从冲突或不适中解脱出来。A. easier更容易的；B. cooler更凉爽的；C. calmer更镇静的；D. warmer更温暖的。根据“under the mask of ____19____.”可知，在自我照顾的面具下，我们更容易摆脱冲突或不适。故选A。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，在自我照顾的面具下，我们更容易从冲突或不适中解脱出来。A. co-operation合作； B. guidance引导；C. self-care自我照顾；D. friendship友谊。根据“I received only a brief, indirect message about self-care and-what hurt me most-a(an) ____9____.”可知，在自我照顾的面具下，我们更容易从冲突或不适中解脱出来。故选C。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，离开这些关系而不进行真正的交谈实际上剥夺了我们和我们所爱的人成长的机会。A. reminds提醒；B. robs抢夺；C. convinces信服；D. warns警告。根据“us and our loved ones of an opportunity for growth.”可知，在没有真正对话的情况下离开这些关系实际上剥夺了我们和我们所爱的人成长的机会。故选B。

41．competitor 42．intended 43．by 44．have been put 45．which 46．currently 47．are developing 48．to enter 49．a 50．successful

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了中国的星河动力航天科技公司成功发射了多个卫星，创造力中国私营公司的记录。
41．考查名词。句意：星河动力周一发射了五颗卫星进入轨道，增强了这家私营公司成为SpaceX中国竞争对手的雄心。根据空前的Chinese可知，空处为名词形式，表示“竞争者”。故填competitor。
42．考查形容词。句意：星河动力公司的谷神星一号火箭星期一从中国西北部的酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空，将五颗卫星送入预定轨道。根据空后的名词orbits可知，空处为形容词，意为“预定的”。故填intended。
43．考查介词。句意：这次任务标志着该公司设计的小型固体燃料轨道火箭“谷神星-1”的第五次发射。表示“由……设计”，用介词by。故填by。
44．考查手套。句意：到目前为止，已经有19颗卫星被送入太空，创造了中国私营公司的记录。根据时间状语so far可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为19 satellites，复数，和动词put之间存在被动关系。故填have been put。
45．考查定语从句。句意：星河动力于2020年11月7日首次发射谷神星一号，这是中国第二家成功将卫星送入近地轨道的民营企业。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为主句一句话，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
46．考查副词。句意：一些中国卫星发射供应商目前正在使用像“大脑”这样的小型固体燃料火箭，其他公司正在开发或测试可重复使用的液体燃料火箭发动机。担当时间状语用副词形式。故填currently。
47．考查时态。句意：一些中国卫星发射供应商目前正在使用像“大脑”这样的小型固体燃料火箭，其他公司正在开发或测试可重复使用的液体燃料火箭发动机。根据上句可知，本句用现在进行时；主语为others，复数，和develop之间存在主动关系。故填are developing。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：自2015年政府开始鼓励私营企业进入太空领域以来，中国的商业航天产业迅速扩张。encourage sb. do sth.鼓励某人做某事。非谓语动词担当encourage的宾语补足语，用动词不定式。故填to enter。
49．考查冠词。句意：总部位于北京的研究机构未来空间研究在2020年发布的一份研究报告显示，在过去几年里，有170多家私营企业进入了太空行业。此处表示修“一份研究报告”，饰可数名词单数，泛指，用不定冠词。故填a。
50．考查形容词。句意：就在这家中国初创公司成功发射的同一天，维珍轨道公司在英国的首次火箭发射中遭遇失败。修饰名词launch用形容词形式。故填successful。
51．1. differ → differs
2. but → and
3. you → us
4. against → for
5. had → have
6. situation → situations
7. same前加the
8. which → what
9. overcame → overcome
10. 去掉not
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了人的一生，每个阶段都有不同的人生目标，而只有决心才能帮助我们实现目标。
【详解】1. 考查时态。句意：人生的意义因人而异，我们在人生的每个阶段都有不同的人生目的。根据上下文可知，时态为一般现在时；主语为“the meaning of life”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数differs。故将differ改为differs。
2. 考查连词。句意：人生的意义因人而异，我们在人生的每个阶段都有不同的人生目的。分析句子可知，前一分句“The meaning of life differ from person to person”和后一分句“we have different life purposes in each stage of life”之间没有转折关系，为并列关系。故将but改为and。
3. 考查代词。句意：对于每一个目标，重要的是给我们鼓励，让我们在早上起床，为我们想要的而奋斗。根据上下文可知，本文的代词为第一人称，用us而不是you。故将you改为us。
4. 考查介词。句意：对于每一个目标，重要的是给我们鼓励，让我们在早上起床，为我们想要的而奋斗。fight for，意为“为……而奋斗”。故将against改为for。
5. 考查时态。句意：我们见过一些人有动力地处理许多棘手的情况。考查本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本文主要时态为现在时，所以本句用现在完成时而不是过去完成时。主语是We，谓语动词用have。故将had改为have。
6. 考查名词的数。句意：我们见过一些人有动力地处理许多棘手的情况。根据situation前的many可知，situation用名词的复数形式。故将situation改为situations。
7. 考查冠词。句意：虽然我们拥有相同的生理结构，但我们与这些人的区别在于决心。形容词same一定有定冠词the修饰。故在same前加the。
8. 考查主语从句。句意：虽然我们拥有相同的生理结构，但我们与这些人的区别在于决心。这里为主语从句的连接词，主语从句中缺少主语，表示物，用连接代词what。故将which改为what。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：下定决心要有所成就，克服一切困难，这将帮助我们在人生的每个阶段找到目标。分析句子结构可知，and之后的内容和之前的achieve保持一致。故将overcame改为overcome。
10. 考查谓语动词。句意：事实上，如果我们能找到一个目标，我们不仅能忍受痛苦，还能把它视为一种祝福。根据句意可知，本句表达的内容是：如果能找到一个目标，我们就能忍受痛苦。故去掉not。
52．                                                    Discovering Good Books
       According to a recent survey on how people discover books, word of mouth is the most popular method, with 38% of respondents citing it as their primary source. This is followed by online sellers at 22%, physical stores at 16%, social media at 18%, and other methods at 6%.
      While word of mouth recommendations are seen as the most reliable, social media and online sellers provide a wide variety of options and easy access to reviews. Physical stores offer a unique browsing experience.
       Personally, I rely on word of mouth recommendations, but also browse online sellers and visit physical bookstores from time to time to discover hidden gems.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表作文。要求考生使用图表中的调查结果，并结合自身情况以“Discovering Good Books”为题写一篇短文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
依据：According to →In accordance with
各种各样的：a variety of → various
就我个人而言：Personally →As far as I’m concerned
依靠：rely on → depend on
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Physical stores offer a unique browsing experience.
拓展句：It is physical stores that offer a unique browsing experience.
【点睛】【高分句型1】According to a recent survey on how people discover books, word of mouth is the most popular method, with 38% of respondents citing it as their primary source.（运用了how引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】While word of mouth recommendations are seen as the most reliable, social media and online sellers provide a wide variety of options and easy access to reviews.（运用了while引导的让步状语从句）