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湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期摸底考试英语试题（含解析）
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这是一份湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期摸底考试英语试题（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，邀请信，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期摸底考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Summer Semester is an optional third semester for UQ (The University of Queensland) students, or an opportunity to discover new knowledge and skills for non-UQ students. Each year, UQ has a number of courses available for enrollment in the intensive 8-week Summer Semester.
Who can apply?
Anyone is qualified to enroll in the Summer Semester, but please note some courses are only available to current students who are enrolled in a UQ degree.
Past applicants have included:
●current UQ students
●students from other universities, including international students
●professionals
●adults from a range of backgrounds
●high-school students
How to apply
If you are a current UQ student, you can access your student account to enroll. If you re enrolled at another Australian university and you want to undertake a course at UQ during Summer Semester for credit towards your program at your home institution, you should apply as a “cross-institutional student”. Before you apply, make sure you get approval from your home university and confirm you can get credit for your UQ studies.
Summer Semester important dates
Date
Event
Monday 11 September, 2023
Summer Semester class timetable available to students
Tuesday 31 October, 2023
Application for cross-institutional enrollment due
Friday 10 November, 2023
Due date for enrollment
Monday 27 November, 2023
Classes commence
Friday 8 December, 2023
Last date for addition or substitution of courses
Monday 18 December, 2023
Due date for payment of fees and charges
How to make a paymentSee the How to Pay page or contact Student Central for information about payment methods.
1．Which word can best describe the past applicants of Summer Semester?
A．Skilled. B．Young. C．Diverse. D．Competent.
2．How can a UQ undergraduate student apply for the Summer Semester?
A．By accessing the How to Pay page. B．By logging onto the student account.
C．By calling Student Central. D．By confirming with the program director.
3．What is an important timing for a non-UQ student in particular?
A．31 October, 2023. B．10 November, 2023.
C．8 December, 2023. D．18 December, 2023.
When you think about it, food is an important part of our lives. Family gatherings center around food and the celebration of major life events and milestones involves food in one way or another. The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. Food is important and ends up usually being a topic of discussion for almost every crew.
The food that we have here on ISS has to meet many different requirements. What about variety? How do you meet all of the peculiarities of the people that you come across, especially when they are from different cultures? What about the logistics(物流)of getting the right food here at the right time? So there are a couple of different questions you have to consider when you talk about food and long-duration space flight.
On the U.S. side we have gone to a standard menu, meaning that every 16 days you start over with the same menu. To compensate the crews, we are allowed to pick one“preference”container which consists of our pick of anything on the U. S. menu list. This allows us some variety in our menu, with the choices up to us. One of the desirable options for any crew is to make sure that enough tortillas(墨西哥玉米粉薄饼) get on board. You can do so much with a tortilla; it becomes the vehicle with which to eat almost anything.
Our food also comes packaged in many ways. But no matter what the form of the food though, you still have the same problem eating it- - you do not want it flying away from you and making a mess when you open it up. In this case a little bit of extra water is extremely helpful. It keeps the food kind of sticking together and to the package and to your spoon. Small things do escape from time to time, but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem. That is enough for now! Next time I will write about how to cook in space.
4．Where is the text most probably taken from?
A．A food magazine. B．An astronaut’s journal.
C．A sci-fi handbook. D．A space history website.
5．What does the underlined word “peculiarities“ mean in paragraph 2?
A．Ambitious targets. B．Similar requests.
C．Unusual habits. D．Harsh conditions.
6．What is the author’ s purpose in mentioning tortillas?
A．To illustrate the preference container . B．To give an example of standard menu.
C．To advocate tortillas to the readers. D．To show the variety of food options.
7．What can be inferred about eating in space?
A．Food packaging is optional. B．Sufficient water helps transport food.
C．Flying food problem is unavoidable. D．Eating in space is easier than most imagine.
During the past several years, fake news has been a frequent topic of real news, with articles considering the role of social media in spreading fake news. Something less well-known, though, is that fake news has also become a topic of scientific investigation.
In a paper published in March in the journal Science, David Lazer, Matthew Baum and 14 co-authors consider what we do and don’t know about the science of fake news.They define fake news as “made-up information that imitates news in form but not in process or intention”.
The paper makes a persuasive case that the investigation of fake news is timely and important. One conservative (保守的) estimate is that in the month before the 2016 election, the average American was exposed to somewhere between one and three articles from a known publisher of fake news. Another alarming result is that when it comes to political topics, tweets containing false information spread more rapidly and broadly on Twitter than those containing reliable information.
Researchers mentioned in the paper that in the face of fake news and its spreading by social and other forms of media, “A new system of safeguards is needed.” But what kinds of safeguards can individual news consumers put into place? The simplistic answer is “be more reflective”. Don’ t believe everything you read, but consider the possibility that it’s false. We need to foster standards of discussion in which it’s OK to challenge what others say without the conversation immediately turning into abuse. The most effective lab meetings are like that: If someone disagrees with the presenter, they say so in a polite way. And by doing so, they might be saving the presenter from embarrassment in a more public forum. A community that encourages individuals to point out when statements are false or unclear benefits everybody by helping detect the truth.
In the long run, the truth will win out. Our preferred society encourages the truth to win out before great damage is done.
8．What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A．The investigation proved fake news is persuasive.
B．The spread of fake news has become an alarming issue.
C．The use of social media might help fake news to spread.
D．Fake news on political topics received more attention.
9．What safeguard is suggested to individuals according to the passage?
A．Reflecting on what you read. B．Neglecting the false information.
C．Challenging what others say. D．Helping others detect the truth.
10．What is the author’s attitude to the future of news?
A．Skeptical. B．Unclear. C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic.
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Do Not Believe in Everything B．The Truth Will Finally Win Out
C．The Truth About Fake News D．The Spreading of Fake News
As students return to school this fall, many of them- perhaps especially those from historically disadvantaged student groups- will be starting the academic year with achievement levels lower than where they were at the beginning of summer break. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as summer learning loss. We review what is known about summer loss and offer suggestions for schools looking to solve the problem.
The recent studies on summer loss have been rather comprehensive. One study found that students, on average, lost between 25 - 30 percent of their school-year learning over the summer; additionally, black and Latino students tended to gain less over the school year and lose more over the summer compared to white students.
However, an analysis of the national study found little evidence of overall loss over the summers after grades K and 1, and the summer loss gaps widened in some subjects and grades but not others. Von Hippel and Hamrock re-analyzed two earlier data sets and concluded that gaps“do not necessarily ... grow fastest over the summer”. Thus, it seems summer loss occurs, though not universally across geography, grade level, or subject.
Schools want to address the issue of summer learning loss not only because it may widen achievement gaps, but also because it“wastes”so much of the knowledge students have gained during the school year. Summer loss also undoubtedly increases the amount of time teachers have to spend “re-teaching” last year s content.
Traditionally, educators and policymakers have relied on conventional summer school programs to solve summer learning loss. Not surprisingly, research suggests that programs are more effective when students attend consistently and spend more time on task academically. Regardless of the design, these policies should offer engaging options for students over the summer so that summer learning programs do not feel like punishment for students who would rather be enjoying summer vacation. Doing so would set more students up for success as the school year gets underway.
12．In writing paragraph 1, the author aims to .
A．propose a definition B．make a comparison
C．present an issue D．make an argument
13．According to the studies, what do we know about summer learning loss?
A．Summer learning loss seemed to vary in grades and subjects.
B．Immigrant students experienced the most summer loss.
C．White students did not lose learning over the summer.
D．Summer learning loss after grades K and 1 was alarming.
14．According to the fourth paragraph, schools want to solve the problem because .
A．it may narrow achievement gaps B．it may stop students gaining more knowledge
C．it may increase teachers’ new teaching content D．it may cause repetitive work for teachers
15．What does the author think of summer school programs?
A．The conventional programs are ineffective. B．More choices should be provided for students.
C．Students should do more academic tasks. D．The programs are punishment for students.
二、七选五
Are you an elementary or high school student with all kinds of invention ideas? You might not know what to do with all of these ideas or how to turn them into workable inventions. 16
Identify a problem worth solving.
Look at the world around you and ask yourself: What could work better? What task could be done better or faster? What annoys you and how could you fix it? 17 Not every idea will be a great one, but don’t be afraid to think outside the box.
Draft your idea.
Draw out a basic illustration of what your invention will look like. 18 List the types of materials you would use to build the finished project. Don’t hesitate to make multiple drafts of the same design until you are satisfied with the result.
19
You don’t need to use the highest quality materials, but simply ones that will give you a functional working device. Try checking second-hand stores and yard sales for parts that you can use. This will be much more cost-effective and you will also be eco-friendly.
Build your invention.
If you will be working with power tools or other dangerous materials, you will likely need adult supervision. Ask your parents when they have enough free time to sit down with you and start building. 20
After everything is completed, it’s time to test out and market your invention. If it turns out well-received, you may even have your invention patented and mass- produced down the road.
A．Or turn to your older peers if they can help you out as well.
B．If you enjoy creating things, you may consider becoming an inventor.
C．With some planning and practice, you can make these ideas into a working device.
D．Be creative with your ideas.
E．Gather the necessary materials.
F．Look around your home for recycled materials that you may be able to use.
G．Make notes about how various pieces will go together.
三、完形填空
Rain or shine, a Tibetan mailman, Tsering Chopa treks (跋涉) for long hours to deliver mail.
Pumachangthang in Tibet, China’s highest township, has very 21 oxygen level and the annual average temperature is -7℃. However, these weren’t the biggest challenges for a 22 service. A single 23 to all the six villages of less than 2,000 people can be as long as 160 km. The extraordinary 24 required under such conditions needs no further explanation.
The 25 time for Tsering Chopa is between July and August each year, when students are waiting for their 26 letters from various universities. He recalls one summer he had to deliver mail to one student whose family had already moved away. He had to quiz (询问) neighbors several times for the new 27 . Even though the road to the village was 28 because of rain, he trekked for more than 20 km to finally deliver the letter. “I don’t mind the 29 , because it was my 30 to deliver the mail on time,” he says.
One night in February, 2019, a local resident Nyima Tsering’s daughter had fainted and 31 needed help. Knowing that, the mailman 32 a car right away and sent her to the county hospital. He also gave some 33 to the family for the girl’s treatment to help her recovery.
In 2019, Tsering Chopa 34 the China Youth May Fourth Medal. And he says, “It is a great 35 of what I do and a symbol of encouragement as well, to bring the world closer to them and take them closer to the world.”
21．A．intense B．light C．high D．low
22．A．postal B．consulting C．domestic D．public
23．A．flight B．holiday C．trip D．choice
24．A．diligence B．perseverance C．creativity D．curiosity
25．A．busiest B．best C．fastest D．earliest
26．A．application B．recommendation C．admission D．proposal
27．A．name B．address C．idea D．explanation
28．A．blocked B．widened C．extended D．smoothed
29．A．letters B．benefits C．potentials D．hardships
30．A．opportunity B．responsibility C．ability D．secret
31．A．originally B．possibly C．gradually D．desperately
32．A．hoped for B．kept off C．arranged for D．pulled over
33．A．bills B．changes C．cash D．comfort
34．A．received B．missed C．declined D．competed for
35．A．requirement B．attitude C．gratitude D．acknowledgment
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since the summer of 2022, a 26-year-old Shanghai resident 36 ( name) Chen Jiaorong has been walking along Julu Road in Shanghai’s downtown area once or twice a week, looking around and picking up“garbage”. After her action was noticed online, she was described by others 37 a “stooper”.
The word “stoop” means “to bend forward”, 38 in the United States, it also refers to a platform or entrance stairway to a house. The term “stooper”was coined in the US after a lot of people put their used or underused 39 (belong) in front of their doorsteps to be taken away for free by those in need. Later, “stooping” was extended to mean “picking up abandoned items and 40 (recycle) them”.
As the first “stooper” in China, Chen had 41 (she) own approach. She picked unused goods to help find suitable new owners for some items. When she 42 (spot) such abandoned goods, she put a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding others 43 ( pick) them up from the streets.
Although “stooping” is a 44 ( relative) new word in China, now, people are gradually advocating 45 savings-based consumption and environment-friendly lifestyle instead of blindly pursuing luxurious expense. And more young people are joining the ranks of “stooping”
五、邀请信
46．假定你是李华,你校将举办音乐节,请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加,内容包括:
1.活动时间和地点;
2.活动安排;
3.欢迎他表演节目。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Allen,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As a nurse at the cancer care center where I’ve worked for seven years, I’ll do almost anything to make a patient feel better. But when I met Patty at the center, in 2011, she didn’t want my help.
She was a tiny 44-year-old single mom battling an aggressive head and neck cancer. Unlike many of our other patients, Patty was alone during her treatment, but no matter what I did. I couldn't get her to open up. She just buried herself in book or pulled a blanket over her head to fend off conversation.
Eventually I hit on a reliable way to make Patty smile: mentioning her nine-year-old son, Stephen. She'd tell me how well he did in school, how he'd been selected to read a poem he wrote at a local bookstore. She desperately wanted to live for him. With three kids myself, I totally understood how she felt.
After a year and a half of treatment, in August 2012, Patty was told her cancer had spread, and I learned she wouldn't live much longer. My first thought was, “What's going to happen to Stephen?”
Nurses at the center shared stories at their meetings about how bright and unusual the boy was. but no one seemed to know how to resolve the issue of what would happen to him when his mom died. My husband, Michael, who too works at the center, started hearing about Patty and Stephen.
One morning in October, Patty quietly slipped away. Michael and I picked Stephen up after school, drove him to a nearby park, and sat on a bench by a pond. I finally managed to say, “Stephen, we're sorry to have to tell you this, but your mom came to an end this morning.” The sound that came out of his mouth was like nothing I'd ever heard before. This skinny little guy sat between the two of us and just wailed (哀号) and wailed. It was as if his whole world was just destroyed.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Something inside me was telling me what to do.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally, we took him home with us.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了澳大利亚昆士兰大学夏季学期课程申请的相关信息。
1．推理判断题。根据Who can apply?部分中“Past applicants have included: current UQ students, students from other universities, including international students, professionals, adults from a range of backgrounds, high-school students (过去的申请者包括：昆士兰大学在读学生，来自其他大学的学生（包括国际学生），专业人士，来自不同背景的成年人，高中生)”可知，过去的申请者是各种各样的。因此，背景多样可以概括其特征。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据How to apply部分中“If you are a current UQ student, you can access your student account to enroll. (如果你现在是昆士兰大学的学生，你可以访问你的学生账户注册。)”可知，昆士兰大学本科生通过登录学生账户申请。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据Summer Semester important dates表格中“Application for cross-institutional enrollment due (跨机构招生申请截止)”对应的“Tuesday 31 October, 2023 (2023年10月31日星期二)”可知，对于非昆士兰大学的学生来说，2023年10月31日是一个特别重要的时间点。故选A项。
4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空饮食中食物种类、食物包装等的相关内容。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. (对于在空间站的我们而言也是如此。)”, 以及最后一段中的“Next time I will write about how to cook in space. (下次我会写一写在太空烹饪的事情。)”可以得知,本文以第一人称来陈述太空饮食方面的内容，因此本文应该是一篇宇航员的太空日志。故选B。
5．词义猜测题。第二段第一句提到“The food that we have here on ISS has to meet many different requirements. What about variety? ”（我们在国际空间站上的食物必须满足许多不同的要求。多样性怎么样?）以及后文中“the people that you come across, especially when they are from different cultures”（当你遇到不同文化背景的人时）由此判断，在太空中可能会遇见文化习俗不一样的宇航员，每一个人的习惯都有可能不一样的，对于“你”可能是很正常的，但是对于别人而言有可能不寻常，因此可以得知,peculiarities的意思应是“不寻常的习惯”。故选C。
6．推理判断题。第三段第二、三句提到“To compensate the crews, we are allowed to pick one“preference”container which consists of our pick of anything on the U. S. menu list.This allows us some variety in our menu, with the choices up to us. ”（为了补偿机组人员，我们可以选择一个“偏好”集装箱，其中包括我们在美国菜单上选择的任何东西。这让我们在菜单上有了一些多样性，选择由我们自己决定。）可以得知，美国宇航员在太空中更喜欢吃玉米粉薄饼，因此作者提到tortillas的用意是举例解释宇航员们的“preference container(偏好食盒)”。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Small things do escape from time to time, but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem. (细小食物的确时不时逃逸出来, 但我们尽力把食物乱飞的情况降至最低。)”可以得知，食物乱飞的情况是不可避免的。故选C。
8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章指出假新闻已成为科学调查的一个主题并且详细阐述了在发表的一篇文章中学者对于假新闻的定义、假新闻研究的及时性和重要性以及个人应该如何应对假新闻。
8．推理判断题。在第三段中“The paper makes a persuasive case that the investigation of fake news is timely and important. One conservative (保守的) estimate is that in the month before the 2016 election, the average American was exposed to somewhere between one and three articles from a known publisher of fake news. Another alarming result is that when it comes to political topics, tweets containing false information spread more rapidly and broadly on Twitter than those containing reliable information.(这篇文章提出了一个有说服力的案例，说明对假新闻的调查是及时和重要的。一个保守的估计是，在2016年大选前的一个月，普通美国人接触到一到三篇来自知名假新闻出版商的文章。另一个令人担忧的结果是，当涉及政治话题时，包含虚假信息的推文比包含可靠信息的推文在Twitter上传播得更快、更广泛。)”首句表明该论文呈现了假新闻调查的及时性和重要性，随后用两个事例来说明假新闻事件的严重性：第一个例子是在2016年大选前的一个月里，美国人平均接触到已知的假新闻发布者的1到3篇文章。另一个例子是当涉及政治话题时，含有虚假信息的推文比含有可靠信息的推文在推特上传播得更快更广。由此可推知，假新闻的传播已经成为一个令人担忧的问题。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But what kinds of safeguards can individual news consumers put into place? The simplistic answer is “be more reflective”. Don’ t believe everything you read, but consider the possibility that it’s false.(但是，新闻消费者个人可以采取什么样的保障措施呢？最简单的答案是‘多反思’。不要相信你读到的一切，而要考虑到它是假的可能性。)”可知，面对新闻，个人能够采取的保障措施就是“多反思”，不要轻易相信所读到内容，而是要多考虑，多反思读到的内容是否是假新闻。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the long run, the truth will win out. Our preferred society encourages the truth to win out before great damage is done.( 从长远来看，真相终将获胜。我们所爱的社会鼓励真相在造成巨大损害之前获胜。)”可知，尽管有很多的假新闻，但是作者认为真相终将胜出，我们这个社会，会在巨大损害形成之前，帮助真理胜出；由此可知，作者对于新闻发展的未来的态度是积极的、乐观的。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。第一段“During the past several years, fake news has been a frequent topic of real news, with articles considering the role of social media in spreading fake news. Something less well-known, though, is that fake news has also become a topic of scientific investigation.(在过去的几年里，假新闻一直是真实新闻中频繁出现的话题，有文章考虑到社交媒体在传播假新闻中的作用。然而，不太为人所知的是，假新闻也已成为科学调查的一个主题。)”引入话题，说明假新闻也已成为科学调查的一个主题；下文详细阐述了有关假新闻研究的一篇文章中学者对于假新闻的定义、假新闻研究的及时性和重要性以及个人应该如何应对假新闻；由此可知，文章主要介绍了一篇假新闻研究论文中所阐述的有关假新闻的一些事实。由此可知，选项C“The Truth About Fake News(关于假新闻的真相) ”符合文章主旨，最适合作为本文的标题。故选C。
12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在暑假期间，学生可能存在知识遗忘的情况，这一现象也会影响后续教学效果。
12．推理判断题。文章第一段提到“As students return to school this fall, many of them- perhaps especially those from historically disadvantaged student groups- will be starting the academic year with achievement levels lower than where they were at the beginning of summer break. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as summer learning loss.”（今年秋天，当学生们返校时，他们中的许多人——尤其是那些历史上处于不利地位的学生群体——将以比暑假开始时更低的成绩开始新学年。这种现象有时被称为夏季学习损失。）作者通过呈现这一现象来引入话题。由此可知，作者写第一段的作用是呈现问题, 故选C。
13．细节理解题。第二段提到“One study found that students, on average, lost between 25 - 30 percent of their school-year learning over the summer; additionally, black and Latino students tended to gain less over the school year and lose more over the summer compared to white students.”（一项研究发现，学生在夏季平均损失了25 - 30%的学年学习内容;此外，与白人学生相比，黑人和拉丁裔学生在整个学年中收获较少，在夏季损失更多。）和第三段提到“an analysis of the national study found little evidence of overall loss over the summers after grades K and 1, and the summer loss gaps widened in some subjects and grades but not others.”（幼儿园和一年级学生几乎没有出现整体的暑期学习损失, 不过学生的暑期学习损失在某一些科目和年级中差异较为明显）因此得出结论“Von Hippel and Hamrock re-analyzed two earlier data sets and concluded that gaps“do not necessarily ... grow fastest over the summer.Thus, it seems summer loss occurs, though not universally across geography, grade level, or subject.”（Von Hippel和Hamrock重新分析了前两组数据并得出结论：差距“不一定……在夏季增长最快”）。因此, 暑期学习似乎是存在的，尽管在地理、年级或科目上并不完全一致。可知，夏季学习损失似乎因年级和科目而异。故选A。
14．细节理解题。第四段提到“Schools want to address the issue of summer learning loss not only because it may widen achievement gaps, but also because it“wastes”so much of the knowledge students have gained during the school year. Summer loss also undoubtedly increases the amount of time teachers have to spend “re-teaching” last year s content.”（学校希望解决暑期学习损失的问题，不仅因为它可能会扩大成绩差距，还因为它“浪费”了学生在学年中获得的大量知识。毫无疑问，夏季缺课也增加了教师“重新教授”去年课程内容的时间。）由此判断暑假学习损失会导致教师的重复授课，让老师在秋季学期开始的时候重新讲授之前的知识。故选D。
15．推理判断题。最后一段提到“Traditionally, educators and policymakers have relied on conventional summer school programs to solve summer learning loss. ”（传统上，教育工作者和政策制定者依靠传统的暑期学校项目来解决暑期学习损失问题）“Regardless of the design, these policies should offer engaging options for students over the summer so that summer learning programs do not feel like punishment for students who would rather be enjoying summer vacation. ”（无论设计如何，这些政策都应该为学生在暑假期间提供有吸引力的选择，这样暑期学习计划就不会让那些宁愿享受暑假的学生感到受惩罚。）由此判断，作者认为应该给学生更多的选择让学生既能保证学习效果，又能好好享受假期。故选B。
16．C 17．D 18．G 19．E 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为有各种发明想法的小学生或中学生提供一些建议以帮助他们更好地进行发明。
16．根据空前“Are you an elementary or high school student with all kinds of invention ideas? You might not know what to do with all of these ideas or how to turn them into workable inventions.(你是一个有各种发明想法的小学生或中学生吗？你可能不知道如何处理所有这些想法，或者如何将它们变成可行的发明。)”可知，上文讲述的是虽然有想法，但是小学生或中学生可能不知道如何处理所有这些想法，或者如何将它们变成可行的发明。选项C“With some planning and practice, you can make these ideas into a working device.(通过一些计划和练习，你可以把这些想法变成可行的方法。)”承上启下，既承接上文说明将想法变成发明有困难，同时引出下文具体的建议。故选C。
17．根据空前内容“Look at the world around you and ask yourself: What could work better? What task could be done better or faster? What annoys you and how could you fix it?(看看你周围的世界，问问自己：什么能做得更好？什么任务可以做得更好或更快？什么让你烦恼？你如何解决它？)”可知，上文建议要问问自己，以找出值得研究的方向。选项D“Be creative with your ideas(要有创意。)”延续上文内容，指的都是想法或研究方向要有创意。故选D。
18．根据空前“Draw out a basic illustration of what your invention will look like.(画出你的发明将会是什么样子的基本插图。)”以及空后内容“List the types of materials you would use to build the finished project.(列出你将用于完成项目的材料类型。)”可知，本段讲述的是画出发明的草图。选项G“Make notes about how various pieces will go together.(记下不同的部分如何搭配。)”符合上下文内容，指的都是画出发明的草图。故选G。
19．空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文“You don’t need to use the highest quality materials, but simply ones that will give you a functional working device. Try checking second-hand stores and yard sales for parts that you can use. This will be much more cost-effective and you will also be eco-friendly.(你不需要使用最高质量的材料，只需要那些能给你一个功能性工作装置的材料。试着在二手商店和庭院销售中寻找你可以使用的零件。这将是更划算的，你也将是环保的。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是如何找寻发明所需的材料。选项E“Gather the necessary materials.(收集必要的材料。)”与本段内容一致，故选E。
20．根据空前内容“If you will be working with power tools or other dangerous materials, you will likely need adult supervision. Ask your parents when they have enough free time to sit down with you and start building.(如果你将使用电动工具或其他危险材料，你可能需要成年人的监督。问问你的父母，他们什么时候有足够的空闲时间坐下来和你一起开始建造。)”可知，上文讲述的是如果需要使用电动工具或其他危险材料，则需要有成年人的监督，可以询问自己的父母是否有空。选项A“Or turn to your older peers if they can help you out as well.(或者向年长的人求助，如果他们也能帮助你。)”是上文内容的延续，指的是既可以询问父母，也可以向年长的人求助。故选A。
21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．B 31．D 32．C 33．C 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了世界之巅的快递小哥——邮递员次仁曲巴在恶劣条件下不畏艰辛，按时投递邮件并乐于助人的事迹。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：西藏的普玛江塘是中国海拔最高的乡镇，氧气含量很低，年平均气温为-7℃。A. intense十分强烈的，严肃紧张的；B. light明亮的，浅色的；C. high高的；D. low低的。根据句中的“China’s highest township”以及常识可知，普玛江塘作为中国海拔最高的乡镇，氧气含量很低。故选D。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些还不是邮政服务面临的最大挑战。A. postal邮政的；B. consulting咨询的，顾问的；C. domestic国内的，家用的；D. public公众的，大众的。根据上文“Rain or shine, a Tibetan mailman, Tsering Chopa treks (跋涉) for long hours to deliver mail.”以及第二段中“The ___5___ time for Tsering Chopa is between July and August each year, when students are waiting for their ___6___ letters from various universities. He recalls one summer he had to deliver mail to one student whose family had already moved away.”可知，此句阐述了恶劣环境给普玛江塘邮政服务带来的困难。故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到这6个人口不足2000人的村庄，单程行程可能长达160公里。A. flight航班，飞行；B. holiday假日，度假期；C. trip旅行，出行；D. choice选择。根据上文“Tsering Chopa treks (跋涉) for long hours to deliver mail.”以及句中“can be as long as 160 km”可知本句说明的是到这个村庄旅途较远，长达160 公里。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种条件下所需要的非凡毅力无需进一步解释。A. diligence勤奋；B. perseverance毅力，不屈不挠的精神；C. creativity造力，独创性；D. curiosity好奇心。根据上文“Pumachangthang in Tibet, China’s highest township, has very ___1___ oxygen level and the annual average temperature is -7℃. However, these weren’t the biggest challenges for a ___2___ service. A single ___3___ to all the six villages of less than 2,000 people can be as long as 160 km.”可知，艰苦的条件使这儿的邮递员需要非凡的毅力。故选B。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Tsering Chopa最繁忙的时间是每年的7月到8月，那时学生们正在等待各所大学的录取通知书。A. busiest最忙的；B. best最好的；C. fastest最快速的；D. earliest最早的。根据空后“between July and August each year, when students are waiting for their ___6___ when students are waiting for”以及常识可知每年的7、8月份是大学录取的时间，也是邮递员最繁忙的时候，因为他们要投递录取通知书。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Tsering Chopa最繁忙的时间是每年的7月到8月，那时学生们正在等待各所大学的录取通知书。A. application正式申请，应用；B. recommendation推荐；C. admission承认，允许进入；D. proposal提议，建议。根据空后的“when students are waiting for”、“when students are waiting for”以及常识可知，每年的7、8月份是大学录取的时间，学生们在等着他们的大学录取通知书；admission意为“允许进入”，admission letter意为“录取通知书”符合语境。故选C。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不得不问邻居好几次才知道新地址。A. name名字；B. address地址；C. idea想法，主意；D. explanation解释，说明。根据上文“He recalls one summer he had to deliver mail to one student whose family had already moved away.”可知，Tsering Chopa要送邮件的学生家搬走了，因此他问邻居是要知道这个学生家的新地址。故选B。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管通往村子的道路因雨而受阻，但他还是跋涉了20多公里，终于把信送到了。A. blocked阻塞，堵住（某人的路等）；B. widened变宽；C. extended扩大，延长，持续；D. smoothed弄平滑，使顺利。根据句中“because of rain, he trekked for more than 20 km to finally deliver the letter”可知，由于下雨，通往这个村的道路被阻，他不得不跋涉20多公里。故选A。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我不介意辛苦，因为按时投递邮件是我的责任。”A. letters信，字母；B. benefits利益，好处；C. potentials潜能；D. hardships艰难。根据第一段中所描述的恶劣环境以及上文“He had to quiz (询问) neighbors several times for the new ___7___. Even though the road to the village was ___8___ because of rain, he trekked for more than 20 km to finally deliver the letter.”可知，对于邮递员Tsering Chopa来说，他的工作充满艰辛，但他毫不介意，因为他认为按时投递是他的责任。故选D。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我不介意辛苦，因为按时投递邮件是我的责任。”A. opportunity机会；B. responsibility责任；C. ability能力；D. secret秘密。根据第一段中“Rain or shine, a Tibetan mailman, Tsering Chopa treks (跋涉) for long hours to deliver mail.”可知Tsering Chopa是位邮递员，因此，他认为按时投递是他的责任。故选B。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：2019年2月的一个晚上，当地居民尼玛次仁（Nyima Tsering）的女儿晕倒了，急需帮助。A. originally起初，独创地；B. possibly可能；C. gradually逐渐地；D. desperately绝望地，不顾一切地，非常。根据空前的“a local resident Nyima Tsering’s daughter had fainted”以及下文“Knowing that, the mailman ___12___ a car right away and sent her to the county hospital.”可知Nyima Tsering的女儿晕倒，需要送往医院，由此可知，Nyima Tsering的女儿急需帮助。desperately意为“非常，及其”。desperately need意为“急需”符合语境。故选D。
32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：邮递员Tsering Chopa知道了这一点，马上安排了一辆车，把她送到县医院。A. hoped for期待，希望得到；B. kept off回避；C. arranged for安排，准备；D. pulled over向路边停靠。根据空后的“a car right away and sent her to the county hospital”可知，Tsering Chopa安排车把急需救治的病人送去医院。短语arrange for“安排，准备”符合语境。故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还给了女孩的家人一些现金用于治疗，帮助她康复。A. bills账单，议案；B. changes变化，找给的零钱；C. cash现金；D. comfort舒适，安慰。本段主要介绍邮递员Tsering Chopa如何帮助急需救治的病人，结合空后的“for the girl’s treatment to help her recovery”可知，次仁曲巴（Tsering Chopa）给了病人家一些钱用于给女儿治病。故选C。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2019年，次仁曲巴（Tsering Chopa）荣获中国青年五四奖章。A. received获得，收到；B. missed想念，错过；C. declined下降，拒绝；D. competed for竞争。根据空后“he China Youth May Fourth Medal”以及下文“It is a great ___15___ of what I do and a symbol of encouragement as well”可知Tsering Chopa荣获中国青年五四奖章。故选A。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“这是对我所做的一切的极大认可，也是一种鼓励的象征，让世界更接近他们，让他们更接近世界。”A. requirement要求，必要条件；B. attitude态度；C. gratitude感激之情，感谢；D. acknowledgment感谢，承认。根据上文“In 2019, Tsering Chopa ___14___ the China Youth May Fourth Medal.”可知，2019年Tsering Chopa荣获中国青年五四奖章，Tsering Chopa认为这是对他所作事情的认可与鼓励。acknowledgment“承认，认可”符合语境。故选D。
36．named 37．as 38．but/while 39．belongings 40．recycling 41．her 42．spotted 43．to pick 44．relatively 45．a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在物资极其丰富的今天，北上广等一线大城市的年轻人中，有一种stooping的文化正悄然盛行。参与 stooping的年轻人被称为“stooper”或“垃圾猎人”。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：自从2022年夏天开始，一个名叫陈娇蓉的26岁的上海居民，经常会在上海市中心的巨鹿路上一周走一到两次，四处看看并捡起“垃圾”。此处name作为后置定语，修饰名词resident，之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填named。
37．考查介词。句意：在她的行为在网上被注意到后，其他人称她为“垃圾猎人”。be described as被称作……。故填as。
38．考查连词。句意：“stoop”一词的意思是向前弯曲，但在美国，它也指通往房子的平台或人口楼梯。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词。故填but/while。
39．考查名词的数。句意：“stoop”一词是在美国创造的，因为很多人把他们使用过或未充分利用的物品放在家门口，然后被有需要的人免费带走。形容词underused后接名词形式。名词belonging常用复数，表示“所有物”作宾语。故填belongings。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：后来“stoop”被扩展为“捡起废弃的物品并回收利用”。mean doing“意味着……”。故填recycling。
41．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：作为中国第一个“垃圾猎人”，陈有她自己的方法。修饰名词approach，前用形容词性物主代词。故填her。
42．考查谓语动词。句意：当她发现这些被遗弃的物品时，她在上面贴了一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布注释，并引导其他人从街上捡起这些物品。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。spot（发现）的过去式为spotted。故填spotted。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：当她发现这些被遗弃的物品时，她在上面贴了一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布注释，并引导其他人从街上捡起这些物品。guide sb. to do sth.意为“指导某人做某事”。故填to pick。
44．考查副词。句意：虽然“stooping”在中国是一个相对较新的词，但现在，人们逐渐提倡以储蓄为基础的消费和环保的生活方式，而不是盲目追求奢侈的消费。形容词new 前用副词形式。relatively“相对地”。故填relatively。
45．考查冠词。句意：虽然“stooping”在中国是一个相对较新的词，但现在，人们逐渐提倡一种以储蓄为基础的消费和环保的生活方式，而不是盲目追求奢侈的消费。名词consumption为可数名词，泛指，且形容词savings-based发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
46．Dear Allen,
I am writing to tell you that a music festival will be held in our school.
We can take part in the music festival in the school hall from 3 pm to 7 pm next Friday. In the music festival, we will invite some famous singers and bands to perform. In addition, some students can have a chance to cooperate with these musicians. As a music fan, you are bound to participate in the festival. If possible, you are welcome to perform in the festival, which will be a great experience.
I’d be more than delighted if you could come and share this joyful moment with me. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】这是一篇应用文写作。要求学生以邮件的形式邀请英国朋友Allen来参加学校举办的音乐节，内容包括时间地点、活动安排，并欢迎他表演节目。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
参加：take part in→ participate in
另外：in addition→what's more
机会：chance→ opportunity
一定：be bound to→ be certain to
2. 句式拓展
简单句合并复合句
原句：We can take part in the music festival in the school hall from 3 pm to 7 pm next Friday. In the music festival, we will invite some famous singers and bands to perform.
复合句：We can take part in the music festival in the school hall from 3 pm to 7 pm next Friday, in which we will invite some famous singers and bands to perform.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to tell you that a music festival will be held in our school.（that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】 If possible, you are welcome to perform in the festival, which will be a great experience.（if引导的条件状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
47．Something inside me was telling me what to do. I wanted to help the poor boy. Although I had three children of my own and a modest family income, I decided to adopt the boy. I told my husband what I thought, and he immediately agreed, saying, "That's exactly what I wanted to tell you." I told the boy we would give him a home and take care of him for his mother. The boy nodded, crying.
Finally, we took him home with us. We introduced Stephen to our three children and told them that he would live with us in the future. My children happily accepted and warmly took Steven to visit his new home and discussed making room for Steven. I was glad that my children were so kind and willing to share everything with other children. Stephen soon integrated into our family and lived a happy life with us.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在癌症护理中心作护士，Patty是一位患有脑癌的病人，她去世后留下了她的儿子Stephen，Stephen知道自己的妈妈去世后哭得很厉害。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我内心的某种东西在告诉我该怎么做。”可知，第一段可描写作者具体的打算，也就是要收养这个男孩。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，我们带他和我们一起回家”可知，第二段可描写作者带Stephen回家后所发生的事情。
2.续写线索：决定收养——告诉丈夫——Stephen同意——孩子们接受
3.词汇激活
行为类
①决定：decide/determine
②告诉：tell/inform
③点头：nod/give the nod
④接受：accept/take
情绪类
①高兴地：happily/delightedly
②热情地：warmly/fervidly
【点睛】[高分句型1]Although I had three children of my own and a modest family income, I decided to adopt the boy.（由although引导的让步状语从句）
[高分句型2]I told my husband what I thought, and he immediately agreed, saying, "That's exactly what I wanted to tell you."（由what引导的宾语从句，现在分词作状语，what引导的表语从句）
湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期摸底考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Summer Semester is an optional third semester for UQ (The University of Queensland) students, or an opportunity to discover new knowledge and skills for non-UQ students. Each year, UQ has a number of courses available for enrollment in the intensive 8-week Summer Semester.
Who can apply?
Anyone is qualified to enroll in the Summer Semester, but please note some courses are only available to current students who are enrolled in a UQ degree.
Past applicants have included:
●current UQ students
●students from other universities, including international students
●professionals
●adults from a range of backgrounds
●high-school students
How to apply
If you are a current UQ student, you can access your student account to enroll. If you re enrolled at another Australian university and you want to undertake a course at UQ during Summer Semester for credit towards your program at your home institution, you should apply as a “cross-institutional student”. Before you apply, make sure you get approval from your home university and confirm you can get credit for your UQ studies.
Summer Semester important dates
Date
Event
Monday 11 September, 2023
Summer Semester class timetable available to students
Tuesday 31 October, 2023
Application for cross-institutional enrollment due
Friday 10 November, 2023
Due date for enrollment
Monday 27 November, 2023
Classes commence
Friday 8 December, 2023
Last date for addition or substitution of courses
Monday 18 December, 2023
Due date for payment of fees and charges
How to make a paymentSee the How to Pay page or contact Student Central for information about payment methods.
1．Which word can best describe the past applicants of Summer Semester?
A．Skilled. B．Young. C．Diverse. D．Competent.
2．How can a UQ undergraduate student apply for the Summer Semester?
A．By accessing the How to Pay page. B．By logging onto the student account.
C．By calling Student Central. D．By confirming with the program director.
3．What is an important timing for a non-UQ student in particular?
A．31 October, 2023. B．10 November, 2023.
C．8 December, 2023. D．18 December, 2023.
When you think about it, food is an important part of our lives. Family gatherings center around food and the celebration of major life events and milestones involves food in one way or another. The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. Food is important and ends up usually being a topic of discussion for almost every crew.
The food that we have here on ISS has to meet many different requirements. What about variety? How do you meet all of the peculiarities of the people that you come across, especially when they are from different cultures? What about the logistics(物流)of getting the right food here at the right time? So there are a couple of different questions you have to consider when you talk about food and long-duration space flight.
On the U.S. side we have gone to a standard menu, meaning that every 16 days you start over with the same menu. To compensate the crews, we are allowed to pick one“preference”container which consists of our pick of anything on the U. S. menu list. This allows us some variety in our menu, with the choices up to us. One of the desirable options for any crew is to make sure that enough tortillas(墨西哥玉米粉薄饼) get on board. You can do so much with a tortilla; it becomes the vehicle with which to eat almost anything.
Our food also comes packaged in many ways. But no matter what the form of the food though, you still have the same problem eating it- - you do not want it flying away from you and making a mess when you open it up. In this case a little bit of extra water is extremely helpful. It keeps the food kind of sticking together and to the package and to your spoon. Small things do escape from time to time, but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem. That is enough for now! Next time I will write about how to cook in space.
4．Where is the text most probably taken from?
A．A food magazine. B．An astronaut’s journal.
C．A sci-fi handbook. D．A space history website.
5．What does the underlined word “peculiarities“ mean in paragraph 2?
A．Ambitious targets. B．Similar requests.
C．Unusual habits. D．Harsh conditions.
6．What is the author’ s purpose in mentioning tortillas?
A．To illustrate the preference container . B．To give an example of standard menu.
C．To advocate tortillas to the readers. D．To show the variety of food options.
7．What can be inferred about eating in space?
A．Food packaging is optional. B．Sufficient water helps transport food.
C．Flying food problem is unavoidable. D．Eating in space is easier than most imagine.
During the past several years, fake news has been a frequent topic of real news, with articles considering the role of social media in spreading fake news. Something less well-known, though, is that fake news has also become a topic of scientific investigation.
In a paper published in March in the journal Science, David Lazer, Matthew Baum and 14 co-authors consider what we do and don’t know about the science of fake news.They define fake news as “made-up information that imitates news in form but not in process or intention”.
The paper makes a persuasive case that the investigation of fake news is timely and important. One conservative (保守的) estimate is that in the month before the 2016 election, the average American was exposed to somewhere between one and three articles from a known publisher of fake news. Another alarming result is that when it comes to political topics, tweets containing false information spread more rapidly and broadly on Twitter than those containing reliable information.
Researchers mentioned in the paper that in the face of fake news and its spreading by social and other forms of media, “A new system of safeguards is needed.” But what kinds of safeguards can individual news consumers put into place? The simplistic answer is “be more reflective”. Don’ t believe everything you read, but consider the possibility that it’s false. We need to foster standards of discussion in which it’s OK to challenge what others say without the conversation immediately turning into abuse. The most effective lab meetings are like that: If someone disagrees with the presenter, they say so in a polite way. And by doing so, they might be saving the presenter from embarrassment in a more public forum. A community that encourages individuals to point out when statements are false or unclear benefits everybody by helping detect the truth.
In the long run, the truth will win out. Our preferred society encourages the truth to win out before great damage is done.
8．What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A．The investigation proved fake news is persuasive.
B．The spread of fake news has become an alarming issue.
C．The use of social media might help fake news to spread.
D．Fake news on political topics received more attention.
9．What safeguard is suggested to individuals according to the passage?
A．Reflecting on what you read. B．Neglecting the false information.
C．Challenging what others say. D．Helping others detect the truth.
10．What is the author’s attitude to the future of news?
A．Skeptical. B．Unclear. C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic.
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Do Not Believe in Everything B．The Truth Will Finally Win Out
C．The Truth About Fake News D．The Spreading of Fake News
As students return to school this fall, many of them- perhaps especially those from historically disadvantaged student groups- will be starting the academic year with achievement levels lower than where they were at the beginning of summer break. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as summer learning loss. We review what is known about summer loss and offer suggestions for schools looking to solve the problem.
The recent studies on summer loss have been rather comprehensive. One study found that students, on average, lost between 25 - 30 percent of their school-year learning over the summer; additionally, black and Latino students tended to gain less over the school year and lose more over the summer compared to white students.
However, an analysis of the national study found little evidence of overall loss over the summers after grades K and 1, and the summer loss gaps widened in some subjects and grades but not others. Von Hippel and Hamrock re-analyzed two earlier data sets and concluded that gaps“do not necessarily ... grow fastest over the summer”. Thus, it seems summer loss occurs, though not universally across geography, grade level, or subject.
Schools want to address the issue of summer learning loss not only because it may widen achievement gaps, but also because it“wastes”so much of the knowledge students have gained during the school year. Summer loss also undoubtedly increases the amount of time teachers have to spend “re-teaching” last year s content.
Traditionally, educators and policymakers have relied on conventional summer school programs to solve summer learning loss. Not surprisingly, research suggests that programs are more effective when students attend consistently and spend more time on task academically. Regardless of the design, these policies should offer engaging options for students over the summer so that summer learning programs do not feel like punishment for students who would rather be enjoying summer vacation. Doing so would set more students up for success as the school year gets underway.
12．In writing paragraph 1, the author aims to .
A．propose a definition B．make a comparison
C．present an issue D．make an argument
13．According to the studies, what do we know about summer learning loss?
A．Summer learning loss seemed to vary in grades and subjects.
B．Immigrant students experienced the most summer loss.
C．White students did not lose learning over the summer.
D．Summer learning loss after grades K and 1 was alarming.
14．According to the fourth paragraph, schools want to solve the problem because .
A．it may narrow achievement gaps B．it may stop students gaining more knowledge
C．it may increase teachers’ new teaching content D．it may cause repetitive work for teachers
15．What does the author think of summer school programs?
A．The conventional programs are ineffective. B．More choices should be provided for students.
C．Students should do more academic tasks. D．The programs are punishment for students.
二、七选五
Are you an elementary or high school student with all kinds of invention ideas? You might not know what to do with all of these ideas or how to turn them into workable inventions. 16
Identify a problem worth solving.
Look at the world around you and ask yourself: What could work better? What task could be done better or faster? What annoys you and how could you fix it? 17 Not every idea will be a great one, but don’t be afraid to think outside the box.
Draft your idea.
Draw out a basic illustration of what your invention will look like. 18 List the types of materials you would use to build the finished project. Don’t hesitate to make multiple drafts of the same design until you are satisfied with the result.
19
You don’t need to use the highest quality materials, but simply ones that will give you a functional working device. Try checking second-hand stores and yard sales for parts that you can use. This will be much more cost-effective and you will also be eco-friendly.
Build your invention.
If you will be working with power tools or other dangerous materials, you will likely need adult supervision. Ask your parents when they have enough free time to sit down with you and start building. 20
After everything is completed, it’s time to test out and market your invention. If it turns out well-received, you may even have your invention patented and mass- produced down the road.
A．Or turn to your older peers if they can help you out as well.
B．If you enjoy creating things, you may consider becoming an inventor.
C．With some planning and practice, you can make these ideas into a working device.
D．Be creative with your ideas.
E．Gather the necessary materials.
F．Look around your home for recycled materials that you may be able to use.
G．Make notes about how various pieces will go together.
三、完形填空
Rain or shine, a Tibetan mailman, Tsering Chopa treks (跋涉) for long hours to deliver mail.
Pumachangthang in Tibet, China’s highest township, has very 21 oxygen level and the annual average temperature is -7℃. However, these weren’t the biggest challenges for a 22 service. A single 23 to all the six villages of less than 2,000 people can be as long as 160 km. The extraordinary 24 required under such conditions needs no further explanation.
The 25 time for Tsering Chopa is between July and August each year, when students are waiting for their 26 letters from various universities. He recalls one summer he had to deliver mail to one student whose family had already moved away. He had to quiz (询问) neighbors several times for the new 27 . Even though the road to the village was 28 because of rain, he trekked for more than 20 km to finally deliver the letter. “I don’t mind the 29 , because it was my 30 to deliver the mail on time,” he says.
One night in February, 2019, a local resident Nyima Tsering’s daughter had fainted and 31 needed help. Knowing that, the mailman 32 a car right away and sent her to the county hospital. He also gave some 33 to the family for the girl’s treatment to help her recovery.
In 2019, Tsering Chopa 34 the China Youth May Fourth Medal. And he says, “It is a great 35 of what I do and a symbol of encouragement as well, to bring the world closer to them and take them closer to the world.”
21．A．intense B．light C．high D．low
22．A．postal B．consulting C．domestic D．public
23．A．flight B．holiday C．trip D．choice
24．A．diligence B．perseverance C．creativity D．curiosity
25．A．busiest B．best C．fastest D．earliest
26．A．application B．recommendation C．admission D．proposal
27．A．name B．address C．idea D．explanation
28．A．blocked B．widened C．extended D．smoothed
29．A．letters B．benefits C．potentials D．hardships
30．A．opportunity B．responsibility C．ability D．secret
31．A．originally B．possibly C．gradually D．desperately
32．A．hoped for B．kept off C．arranged for D．pulled over
33．A．bills B．changes C．cash D．comfort
34．A．received B．missed C．declined D．competed for
35．A．requirement B．attitude C．gratitude D．acknowledgment
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since the summer of 2022, a 26-year-old Shanghai resident 36 ( name) Chen Jiaorong has been walking along Julu Road in Shanghai’s downtown area once or twice a week, looking around and picking up“garbage”. After her action was noticed online, she was described by others 37 a “stooper”.
The word “stoop” means “to bend forward”, 38 in the United States, it also refers to a platform or entrance stairway to a house. The term “stooper”was coined in the US after a lot of people put their used or underused 39 (belong) in front of their doorsteps to be taken away for free by those in need. Later, “stooping” was extended to mean “picking up abandoned items and 40 (recycle) them”.
As the first “stooper” in China, Chen had 41 (she) own approach. She picked unused goods to help find suitable new owners for some items. When she 42 (spot) such abandoned goods, she put a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding others 43 ( pick) them up from the streets.
Although “stooping” is a 44 ( relative) new word in China, now, people are gradually advocating 45 savings-based consumption and environment-friendly lifestyle instead of blindly pursuing luxurious expense. And more young people are joining the ranks of “stooping”
五、邀请信
46．假定你是李华,你校将举办音乐节,请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加,内容包括:
1.活动时间和地点;
2.活动安排;
3.欢迎他表演节目。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Allen,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As a nurse at the cancer care center where I’ve worked for seven years, I’ll do almost anything to make a patient feel better. But when I met Patty at the center, in 2011, she didn’t want my help.
She was a tiny 44-year-old single mom battling an aggressive head and neck cancer. Unlike many of our other patients, Patty was alone during her treatment, but no matter what I did. I couldn't get her to open up. She just buried herself in book or pulled a blanket over her head to fend off conversation.
Eventually I hit on a reliable way to make Patty smile: mentioning her nine-year-old son, Stephen. She'd tell me how well he did in school, how he'd been selected to read a poem he wrote at a local bookstore. She desperately wanted to live for him. With three kids myself, I totally understood how she felt.
After a year and a half of treatment, in August 2012, Patty was told her cancer had spread, and I learned she wouldn't live much longer. My first thought was, “What's going to happen to Stephen?”
Nurses at the center shared stories at their meetings about how bright and unusual the boy was. but no one seemed to know how to resolve the issue of what would happen to him when his mom died. My husband, Michael, who too works at the center, started hearing about Patty and Stephen.
One morning in October, Patty quietly slipped away. Michael and I picked Stephen up after school, drove him to a nearby park, and sat on a bench by a pond. I finally managed to say, “Stephen, we're sorry to have to tell you this, but your mom came to an end this morning.” The sound that came out of his mouth was like nothing I'd ever heard before. This skinny little guy sat between the two of us and just wailed (哀号) and wailed. It was as if his whole world was just destroyed.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Something inside me was telling me what to do.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally, we took him home with us.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了澳大利亚昆士兰大学夏季学期课程申请的相关信息。
1．推理判断题。根据Who can apply?部分中“Past applicants have included: current UQ students, students from other universities, including international students, professionals, adults from a range of backgrounds, high-school students (过去的申请者包括：昆士兰大学在读学生，来自其他大学的学生（包括国际学生），专业人士，来自不同背景的成年人，高中生)”可知，过去的申请者是各种各样的。因此，背景多样可以概括其特征。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据How to apply部分中“If you are a current UQ student, you can access your student account to enroll. (如果你现在是昆士兰大学的学生，你可以访问你的学生账户注册。)”可知，昆士兰大学本科生通过登录学生账户申请。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据Summer Semester important dates表格中“Application for cross-institutional enrollment due (跨机构招生申请截止)”对应的“Tuesday 31 October, 2023 (2023年10月31日星期二)”可知，对于非昆士兰大学的学生来说，2023年10月31日是一个特别重要的时间点。故选A项。
4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空饮食中食物种类、食物包装等的相关内容。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. (对于在空间站的我们而言也是如此。)”, 以及最后一段中的“Next time I will write about how to cook in space. (下次我会写一写在太空烹饪的事情。)”可以得知,本文以第一人称来陈述太空饮食方面的内容，因此本文应该是一篇宇航员的太空日志。故选B。
5．词义猜测题。第二段第一句提到“The food that we have here on ISS has to meet many different requirements. What about variety? ”（我们在国际空间站上的食物必须满足许多不同的要求。多样性怎么样?）以及后文中“the people that you come across, especially when they are from different cultures”（当你遇到不同文化背景的人时）由此判断，在太空中可能会遇见文化习俗不一样的宇航员，每一个人的习惯都有可能不一样的，对于“你”可能是很正常的，但是对于别人而言有可能不寻常，因此可以得知,peculiarities的意思应是“不寻常的习惯”。故选C。
6．推理判断题。第三段第二、三句提到“To compensate the crews, we are allowed to pick one“preference”container which consists of our pick of anything on the U. S. menu list.This allows us some variety in our menu, with the choices up to us. ”（为了补偿机组人员，我们可以选择一个“偏好”集装箱，其中包括我们在美国菜单上选择的任何东西。这让我们在菜单上有了一些多样性，选择由我们自己决定。）可以得知，美国宇航员在太空中更喜欢吃玉米粉薄饼，因此作者提到tortillas的用意是举例解释宇航员们的“preference container(偏好食盒)”。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Small things do escape from time to time, but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem. (细小食物的确时不时逃逸出来, 但我们尽力把食物乱飞的情况降至最低。)”可以得知，食物乱飞的情况是不可避免的。故选C。
8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章指出假新闻已成为科学调查的一个主题并且详细阐述了在发表的一篇文章中学者对于假新闻的定义、假新闻研究的及时性和重要性以及个人应该如何应对假新闻。
8．推理判断题。在第三段中“The paper makes a persuasive case that the investigation of fake news is timely and important. One conservative (保守的) estimate is that in the month before the 2016 election, the average American was exposed to somewhere between one and three articles from a known publisher of fake news. Another alarming result is that when it comes to political topics, tweets containing false information spread more rapidly and broadly on Twitter than those containing reliable information.(这篇文章提出了一个有说服力的案例，说明对假新闻的调查是及时和重要的。一个保守的估计是，在2016年大选前的一个月，普通美国人接触到一到三篇来自知名假新闻出版商的文章。另一个令人担忧的结果是，当涉及政治话题时，包含虚假信息的推文比包含可靠信息的推文在Twitter上传播得更快、更广泛。)”首句表明该论文呈现了假新闻调查的及时性和重要性，随后用两个事例来说明假新闻事件的严重性：第一个例子是在2016年大选前的一个月里，美国人平均接触到已知的假新闻发布者的1到3篇文章。另一个例子是当涉及政治话题时，含有虚假信息的推文比含有可靠信息的推文在推特上传播得更快更广。由此可推知，假新闻的传播已经成为一个令人担忧的问题。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But what kinds of safeguards can individual news consumers put into place? The simplistic answer is “be more reflective”. Don’ t believe everything you read, but consider the possibility that it’s false.(但是，新闻消费者个人可以采取什么样的保障措施呢？最简单的答案是‘多反思’。不要相信你读到的一切，而要考虑到它是假的可能性。)”可知，面对新闻，个人能够采取的保障措施就是“多反思”，不要轻易相信所读到内容，而是要多考虑，多反思读到的内容是否是假新闻。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the long run, the truth will win out. Our preferred society encourages the truth to win out before great damage is done.( 从长远来看，真相终将获胜。我们所爱的社会鼓励真相在造成巨大损害之前获胜。)”可知，尽管有很多的假新闻，但是作者认为真相终将胜出，我们这个社会，会在巨大损害形成之前，帮助真理胜出；由此可知，作者对于新闻发展的未来的态度是积极的、乐观的。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。第一段“During the past several years, fake news has been a frequent topic of real news, with articles considering the role of social media in spreading fake news. Something less well-known, though, is that fake news has also become a topic of scientific investigation.(在过去的几年里，假新闻一直是真实新闻中频繁出现的话题，有文章考虑到社交媒体在传播假新闻中的作用。然而，不太为人所知的是，假新闻也已成为科学调查的一个主题。)”引入话题，说明假新闻也已成为科学调查的一个主题；下文详细阐述了有关假新闻研究的一篇文章中学者对于假新闻的定义、假新闻研究的及时性和重要性以及个人应该如何应对假新闻；由此可知，文章主要介绍了一篇假新闻研究论文中所阐述的有关假新闻的一些事实。由此可知，选项C“The Truth About Fake News(关于假新闻的真相) ”符合文章主旨，最适合作为本文的标题。故选C。
12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在暑假期间，学生可能存在知识遗忘的情况，这一现象也会影响后续教学效果。
12．推理判断题。文章第一段提到“As students return to school this fall, many of them- perhaps especially those from historically disadvantaged student groups- will be starting the academic year with achievement levels lower than where they were at the beginning of summer break. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as summer learning loss.”（今年秋天，当学生们返校时，他们中的许多人——尤其是那些历史上处于不利地位的学生群体——将以比暑假开始时更低的成绩开始新学年。这种现象有时被称为夏季学习损失。）作者通过呈现这一现象来引入话题。由此可知，作者写第一段的作用是呈现问题, 故选C。
13．细节理解题。第二段提到“One study found that students, on average, lost between 25 - 30 percent of their school-year learning over the summer; additionally, black and Latino students tended to gain less over the school year and lose more over the summer compared to white students.”（一项研究发现，学生在夏季平均损失了25 - 30%的学年学习内容;此外，与白人学生相比，黑人和拉丁裔学生在整个学年中收获较少，在夏季损失更多。）和第三段提到“an analysis of the national study found little evidence of overall loss over the summers after grades K and 1, and the summer loss gaps widened in some subjects and grades but not others.”（幼儿园和一年级学生几乎没有出现整体的暑期学习损失, 不过学生的暑期学习损失在某一些科目和年级中差异较为明显）因此得出结论“Von Hippel and Hamrock re-analyzed two earlier data sets and concluded that gaps“do not necessarily ... grow fastest over the summer.Thus, it seems summer loss occurs, though not universally across geography, grade level, or subject.”（Von Hippel和Hamrock重新分析了前两组数据并得出结论：差距“不一定……在夏季增长最快”）。因此, 暑期学习似乎是存在的，尽管在地理、年级或科目上并不完全一致。可知，夏季学习损失似乎因年级和科目而异。故选A。
14．细节理解题。第四段提到“Schools want to address the issue of summer learning loss not only because it may widen achievement gaps, but also because it“wastes”so much of the knowledge students have gained during the school year. Summer loss also undoubtedly increases the amount of time teachers have to spend “re-teaching” last year s content.”（学校希望解决暑期学习损失的问题，不仅因为它可能会扩大成绩差距，还因为它“浪费”了学生在学年中获得的大量知识。毫无疑问，夏季缺课也增加了教师“重新教授”去年课程内容的时间。）由此判断暑假学习损失会导致教师的重复授课，让老师在秋季学期开始的时候重新讲授之前的知识。故选D。
15．推理判断题。最后一段提到“Traditionally, educators and policymakers have relied on conventional summer school programs to solve summer learning loss. ”（传统上，教育工作者和政策制定者依靠传统的暑期学校项目来解决暑期学习损失问题）“Regardless of the design, these policies should offer engaging options for students over the summer so that summer learning programs do not feel like punishment for students who would rather be enjoying summer vacation. ”（无论设计如何，这些政策都应该为学生在暑假期间提供有吸引力的选择，这样暑期学习计划就不会让那些宁愿享受暑假的学生感到受惩罚。）由此判断，作者认为应该给学生更多的选择让学生既能保证学习效果，又能好好享受假期。故选B。
16．C 17．D 18．G 19．E 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为有各种发明想法的小学生或中学生提供一些建议以帮助他们更好地进行发明。
16．根据空前“Are you an elementary or high school student with all kinds of invention ideas? You might not know what to do with all of these ideas or how to turn them into workable inventions.(你是一个有各种发明想法的小学生或中学生吗？你可能不知道如何处理所有这些想法，或者如何将它们变成可行的发明。)”可知，上文讲述的是虽然有想法，但是小学生或中学生可能不知道如何处理所有这些想法，或者如何将它们变成可行的发明。选项C“With some planning and practice, you can make these ideas into a working device.(通过一些计划和练习，你可以把这些想法变成可行的方法。)”承上启下，既承接上文说明将想法变成发明有困难，同时引出下文具体的建议。故选C。
17．根据空前内容“Look at the world around you and ask yourself: What could work better? What task could be done better or faster? What annoys you and how could you fix it?(看看你周围的世界，问问自己：什么能做得更好？什么任务可以做得更好或更快？什么让你烦恼？你如何解决它？)”可知，上文建议要问问自己，以找出值得研究的方向。选项D“Be creative with your ideas(要有创意。)”延续上文内容，指的都是想法或研究方向要有创意。故选D。
18．根据空前“Draw out a basic illustration of what your invention will look like.(画出你的发明将会是什么样子的基本插图。)”以及空后内容“List the types of materials you would use to build the finished project.(列出你将用于完成项目的材料类型。)”可知，本段讲述的是画出发明的草图。选项G“Make notes about how various pieces will go together.(记下不同的部分如何搭配。)”符合上下文内容，指的都是画出发明的草图。故选G。
19．空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文“You don’t need to use the highest quality materials, but simply ones that will give you a functional working device. Try checking second-hand stores and yard sales for parts that you can use. This will be much more cost-effective and you will also be eco-friendly.(你不需要使用最高质量的材料，只需要那些能给你一个功能性工作装置的材料。试着在二手商店和庭院销售中寻找你可以使用的零件。这将是更划算的，你也将是环保的。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是如何找寻发明所需的材料。选项E“Gather the necessary materials.(收集必要的材料。)”与本段内容一致，故选E。
20．根据空前内容“If you will be working with power tools or other dangerous materials, you will likely need adult supervision. Ask your parents when they have enough free time to sit down with you and start building.(如果你将使用电动工具或其他危险材料，你可能需要成年人的监督。问问你的父母，他们什么时候有足够的空闲时间坐下来和你一起开始建造。)”可知，上文讲述的是如果需要使用电动工具或其他危险材料，则需要有成年人的监督，可以询问自己的父母是否有空。选项A“Or turn to your older peers if they can help you out as well.(或者向年长的人求助，如果他们也能帮助你。)”是上文内容的延续，指的是既可以询问父母，也可以向年长的人求助。故选A。
21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．B 31．D 32．C 33．C 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了世界之巅的快递小哥——邮递员次仁曲巴在恶劣条件下不畏艰辛，按时投递邮件并乐于助人的事迹。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：西藏的普玛江塘是中国海拔最高的乡镇，氧气含量很低，年平均气温为-7℃。A. intense十分强烈的，严肃紧张的；B. light明亮的，浅色的；C. high高的；D. low低的。根据句中的“China’s highest township”以及常识可知，普玛江塘作为中国海拔最高的乡镇，氧气含量很低。故选D。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些还不是邮政服务面临的最大挑战。A. postal邮政的；B. consulting咨询的，顾问的；C. domestic国内的，家用的；D. public公众的，大众的。根据上文“Rain or shine, a Tibetan mailman, Tsering Chopa treks (跋涉) for long hours to deliver mail.”以及第二段中“The ___5___ time for Tsering Chopa is between July and August each year, when students are waiting for their ___6___ letters from various universities. He recalls one summer he had to deliver mail to one student whose family had already moved away.”可知，此句阐述了恶劣环境给普玛江塘邮政服务带来的困难。故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到这6个人口不足2000人的村庄，单程行程可能长达160公里。A. flight航班，飞行；B. holiday假日，度假期；C. trip旅行，出行；D. choice选择。根据上文“Tsering Chopa treks (跋涉) for long hours to deliver mail.”以及句中“can be as long as 160 km”可知本句说明的是到这个村庄旅途较远，长达160 公里。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种条件下所需要的非凡毅力无需进一步解释。A. diligence勤奋；B. perseverance毅力，不屈不挠的精神；C. creativity造力，独创性；D. curiosity好奇心。根据上文“Pumachangthang in Tibet, China’s highest township, has very ___1___ oxygen level and the annual average temperature is -7℃. However, these weren’t the biggest challenges for a ___2___ service. A single ___3___ to all the six villages of less than 2,000 people can be as long as 160 km.”可知，艰苦的条件使这儿的邮递员需要非凡的毅力。故选B。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Tsering Chopa最繁忙的时间是每年的7月到8月，那时学生们正在等待各所大学的录取通知书。A. busiest最忙的；B. best最好的；C. fastest最快速的；D. earliest最早的。根据空后“between July and August each year, when students are waiting for their ___6___ when students are waiting for”以及常识可知每年的7、8月份是大学录取的时间，也是邮递员最繁忙的时候，因为他们要投递录取通知书。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Tsering Chopa最繁忙的时间是每年的7月到8月，那时学生们正在等待各所大学的录取通知书。A. application正式申请，应用；B. recommendation推荐；C. admission承认，允许进入；D. proposal提议，建议。根据空后的“when students are waiting for”、“when students are waiting for”以及常识可知，每年的7、8月份是大学录取的时间，学生们在等着他们的大学录取通知书；admission意为“允许进入”，admission letter意为“录取通知书”符合语境。故选C。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不得不问邻居好几次才知道新地址。A. name名字；B. address地址；C. idea想法，主意；D. explanation解释，说明。根据上文“He recalls one summer he had to deliver mail to one student whose family had already moved away.”可知，Tsering Chopa要送邮件的学生家搬走了，因此他问邻居是要知道这个学生家的新地址。故选B。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管通往村子的道路因雨而受阻，但他还是跋涉了20多公里，终于把信送到了。A. blocked阻塞，堵住（某人的路等）；B. widened变宽；C. extended扩大，延长，持续；D. smoothed弄平滑，使顺利。根据句中“because of rain, he trekked for more than 20 km to finally deliver the letter”可知，由于下雨，通往这个村的道路被阻，他不得不跋涉20多公里。故选A。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我不介意辛苦，因为按时投递邮件是我的责任。”A. letters信，字母；B. benefits利益，好处；C. potentials潜能；D. hardships艰难。根据第一段中所描述的恶劣环境以及上文“He had to quiz (询问) neighbors several times for the new ___7___. Even though the road to the village was ___8___ because of rain, he trekked for more than 20 km to finally deliver the letter.”可知，对于邮递员Tsering Chopa来说，他的工作充满艰辛，但他毫不介意，因为他认为按时投递是他的责任。故选D。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我不介意辛苦，因为按时投递邮件是我的责任。”A. opportunity机会；B. responsibility责任；C. ability能力；D. secret秘密。根据第一段中“Rain or shine, a Tibetan mailman, Tsering Chopa treks (跋涉) for long hours to deliver mail.”可知Tsering Chopa是位邮递员，因此，他认为按时投递是他的责任。故选B。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：2019年2月的一个晚上，当地居民尼玛次仁（Nyima Tsering）的女儿晕倒了，急需帮助。A. originally起初，独创地；B. possibly可能；C. gradually逐渐地；D. desperately绝望地，不顾一切地，非常。根据空前的“a local resident Nyima Tsering’s daughter had fainted”以及下文“Knowing that, the mailman ___12___ a car right away and sent her to the county hospital.”可知Nyima Tsering的女儿晕倒，需要送往医院，由此可知，Nyima Tsering的女儿急需帮助。desperately意为“非常，及其”。desperately need意为“急需”符合语境。故选D。
32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：邮递员Tsering Chopa知道了这一点，马上安排了一辆车，把她送到县医院。A. hoped for期待，希望得到；B. kept off回避；C. arranged for安排，准备；D. pulled over向路边停靠。根据空后的“a car right away and sent her to the county hospital”可知，Tsering Chopa安排车把急需救治的病人送去医院。短语arrange for“安排，准备”符合语境。故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还给了女孩的家人一些现金用于治疗，帮助她康复。A. bills账单，议案；B. changes变化，找给的零钱；C. cash现金；D. comfort舒适，安慰。本段主要介绍邮递员Tsering Chopa如何帮助急需救治的病人，结合空后的“for the girl’s treatment to help her recovery”可知，次仁曲巴（Tsering Chopa）给了病人家一些钱用于给女儿治病。故选C。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2019年，次仁曲巴（Tsering Chopa）荣获中国青年五四奖章。A. received获得，收到；B. missed想念，错过；C. declined下降，拒绝；D. competed for竞争。根据空后“he China Youth May Fourth Medal”以及下文“It is a great ___15___ of what I do and a symbol of encouragement as well”可知Tsering Chopa荣获中国青年五四奖章。故选A。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“这是对我所做的一切的极大认可，也是一种鼓励的象征，让世界更接近他们，让他们更接近世界。”A. requirement要求，必要条件；B. attitude态度；C. gratitude感激之情，感谢；D. acknowledgment感谢，承认。根据上文“In 2019, Tsering Chopa ___14___ the China Youth May Fourth Medal.”可知，2019年Tsering Chopa荣获中国青年五四奖章，Tsering Chopa认为这是对他所作事情的认可与鼓励。acknowledgment“承认，认可”符合语境。故选D。
36．named 37．as 38．but/while 39．belongings 40．recycling 41．her 42．spotted 43．to pick 44．relatively 45．a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在物资极其丰富的今天，北上广等一线大城市的年轻人中，有一种stooping的文化正悄然盛行。参与 stooping的年轻人被称为“stooper”或“垃圾猎人”。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：自从2022年夏天开始，一个名叫陈娇蓉的26岁的上海居民，经常会在上海市中心的巨鹿路上一周走一到两次，四处看看并捡起“垃圾”。此处name作为后置定语，修饰名词resident，之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填named。
37．考查介词。句意：在她的行为在网上被注意到后，其他人称她为“垃圾猎人”。be described as被称作……。故填as。
38．考查连词。句意：“stoop”一词的意思是向前弯曲，但在美国，它也指通往房子的平台或人口楼梯。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词。故填but/while。
39．考查名词的数。句意：“stoop”一词是在美国创造的，因为很多人把他们使用过或未充分利用的物品放在家门口，然后被有需要的人免费带走。形容词underused后接名词形式。名词belonging常用复数，表示“所有物”作宾语。故填belongings。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：后来“stoop”被扩展为“捡起废弃的物品并回收利用”。mean doing“意味着……”。故填recycling。
41．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：作为中国第一个“垃圾猎人”，陈有她自己的方法。修饰名词approach，前用形容词性物主代词。故填her。
42．考查谓语动词。句意：当她发现这些被遗弃的物品时，她在上面贴了一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布注释，并引导其他人从街上捡起这些物品。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。spot（发现）的过去式为spotted。故填spotted。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：当她发现这些被遗弃的物品时，她在上面贴了一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布注释，并引导其他人从街上捡起这些物品。guide sb. to do sth.意为“指导某人做某事”。故填to pick。
44．考查副词。句意：虽然“stooping”在中国是一个相对较新的词，但现在，人们逐渐提倡以储蓄为基础的消费和环保的生活方式，而不是盲目追求奢侈的消费。形容词new 前用副词形式。relatively“相对地”。故填relatively。
45．考查冠词。句意：虽然“stooping”在中国是一个相对较新的词，但现在，人们逐渐提倡一种以储蓄为基础的消费和环保的生活方式，而不是盲目追求奢侈的消费。名词consumption为可数名词，泛指，且形容词savings-based发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
46．Dear Allen,
I am writing to tell you that a music festival will be held in our school.
We can take part in the music festival in the school hall from 3 pm to 7 pm next Friday. In the music festival, we will invite some famous singers and bands to perform. In addition, some students can have a chance to cooperate with these musicians. As a music fan, you are bound to participate in the festival. If possible, you are welcome to perform in the festival, which will be a great experience.
I’d be more than delighted if you could come and share this joyful moment with me. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】这是一篇应用文写作。要求学生以邮件的形式邀请英国朋友Allen来参加学校举办的音乐节，内容包括时间地点、活动安排，并欢迎他表演节目。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
参加：take part in→ participate in
另外：in addition→what's more
机会：chance→ opportunity
一定：be bound to→ be certain to
2. 句式拓展
简单句合并复合句
原句：We can take part in the music festival in the school hall from 3 pm to 7 pm next Friday. In the music festival, we will invite some famous singers and bands to perform.
复合句：We can take part in the music festival in the school hall from 3 pm to 7 pm next Friday, in which we will invite some famous singers and bands to perform.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to tell you that a music festival will be held in our school.（that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】 If possible, you are welcome to perform in the festival, which will be a great experience.（if引导的条件状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
47．Something inside me was telling me what to do. I wanted to help the poor boy. Although I had three children of my own and a modest family income, I decided to adopt the boy. I told my husband what I thought, and he immediately agreed, saying, "That's exactly what I wanted to tell you." I told the boy we would give him a home and take care of him for his mother. The boy nodded, crying.
Finally, we took him home with us. We introduced Stephen to our three children and told them that he would live with us in the future. My children happily accepted and warmly took Steven to visit his new home and discussed making room for Steven. I was glad that my children were so kind and willing to share everything with other children. Stephen soon integrated into our family and lived a happy life with us.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在癌症护理中心作护士，Patty是一位患有脑癌的病人，她去世后留下了她的儿子Stephen，Stephen知道自己的妈妈去世后哭得很厉害。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我内心的某种东西在告诉我该怎么做。”可知，第一段可描写作者具体的打算，也就是要收养这个男孩。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，我们带他和我们一起回家”可知，第二段可描写作者带Stephen回家后所发生的事情。
2.续写线索：决定收养——告诉丈夫——Stephen同意——孩子们接受
3.词汇激活
行为类
①决定：decide/determine
②告诉：tell/inform
③点头：nod/give the nod
④接受：accept/take
情绪类
①高兴地：happily/delightedly
②热情地：warmly/fervidly
【点睛】[高分句型1]Although I had three children of my own and a modest family income, I decided to adopt the boy.（由although引导的让步状语从句）
[高分句型2]I told my husband what I thought, and he immediately agreed, saying, "That's exactly what I wanted to tell you."（由what引导的宾语从句，现在分词作状语，what引导的表语从句）
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